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PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY OF PERSONS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS TO THE EFFECTS OF A COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textCiljevi: Provedeno istraživanje imalo je sljedeće ciljeve: ispitati razlike u anksioznosti, depresivnosti i stresu među osobama koje su prije psihoterapijski liječene i osoba koje nisu psihoterapijski liječene; ispitati razlike u simptomima PTSP-a među osobama koje su prije psihoterapijski liječene i osoba koje nisu psihoterapijski liječene; ispitati prediktorski značaj prijašnjeg psihoterapijskog liječenja na pojavnost depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno online primjenom samoprocjenskih upitnika tijekom ožujka i travnja 2020. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 1234 ispitanika od kojih oko 388 s psihičkim poteškoćama.
Prosječna je dob ispitanika 39 godina. Mjerni instrumenti korišteni za dokazivanje hipoteza jesu sljedeći upitnici. 1. Upitnik depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS), 2. PCL-5 upitnik za procjenu simptoma PTSP-a 3.
Upitnik općih podataka koji je pripremljen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. U radu su korištene metode deskriptivne statistike kojima su prezentirane srednje vrijednosti, i to aritmetička sredina i medijan, te standardna devijacija i interkvartilni raspon kao pokazatelji odstupanja od srednje vrijednosti. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine, i to skupinu ispitanika s psihičkim poteškoćama i skupinu ispitanika koji nisu navodili postojanje psihičkih smetnji. Ispitivanje razlika u numeričkim vrijednostima između promatranih skupina provedeno je Mann-Whitney U testom, dok je utjecaj psihoterapije na depresivnost, anksioznost i stres (DASS) ispitan regresijskom analizom.
Rezultati: Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pokazuju da su razine anksioznosti, depresije, stresa te simptomi posttraumatskoga stresnog poremećaja značajno više izraženi kod ispitanika koji se psihoterapijski liječe u odnosu na one koji nisu nikada liječeni. Isto tako utvrđen je prediktorski značaj prijašnjeg psihoterapijskog liječenja na više razine depresije, anksioznosti i stresa. Rezultatima studije potvrđene su sve tri istraživačke hipoteze.
Zaključak: Zaključeno je da skupina ispitanika koja je psihoterapijski liječi pokazuje više psihološko opterećenje za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 u odnosu na populaciju koja nikada nije psihoterapijski liječena.Objectives: The conducted research had the following objectives: to examine the differences in anxiety, depression and stress between persons who had previously been treated with psychotherapy and persons who had not been treated with psychotherapy; to examine differences in the symptoms of PTSD between people who have previously been treated with psychotherapy and people who have not been treated with psychotherapy; finally, we aimed to examine the predictor significance of earlier psychotherapeutic treatment to the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Methods: The research was conducted online using self-assessment questionnaires during March and April 2020. The study involved 1234 participants, of whom 388 with mental disabilities. The average age was 39 years. The measurement instruments used to prove the hypotheses were the following questionnaires:
1. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS), 2. PCL-5 Questionnaire for Assessing PTSD Symptoms and 3. General Data Questionnaire, which was prepared for the purposes of this study. Following methods of descriptive statistics were used: mean values, arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range as indicators of deviation from the mean. Participants were divided into two groups, a group of respondents with mental disabilities and a group of participants who did not report the existence of mental disorders. Difference in numerical values among the observed groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Impact of psychotherapy on depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) were examined by regression analysis.
Results: The results of the study showed that the levels of anxiety, depression, stress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were significantly higher in subjects previously treated with psychotherapy than in untreated subjects. The predictor significance of previous psychotherapeutic treatment to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress was also determined. The results of the study confirmed all three research hypotheses.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the group of subjects who were treated with psychotherapy showed a higher psychological load during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the population that was never treated with psychotherapy
CT in paleoradiology
No full textKompjuterizirana tomografija je digitalna slikovna metoda koja koristi x-zrake za prikaz aksijalnih presjeka snimanog objekta. CT uređaj su razvili matematičar Allen Cormack i inženjer Godfrey Hounsfield po kojemu je CT vrijednost atenuacije zračenja različitih struktura dobila i ime. U kliničkoj praksi, CT se primjenjuje kod dijagnosticiranja trauma, bolesti, abnormalnosti, kod praćenja učinkovitosti terapije onkoloških pacijenata i za planiranje i izvođenje intervencijskih postupaka. Isto tako, CT ima posebnu ulogu u području paleoradiologije, znanosti koja se bavi analizom arheoloških pronalazaka koristeći moderne imaging metode poput kompjuterizirane tomografije, mikro-CT-a, magnetske rezonance i konvencionalne radiografije. Pojam paleoradiologija se prvi put spominje 1987. godine u američkom časopisu o radiologiji iako je prvi neinvazivni pregled ljudskih i životinjskih mumija x-zrakama izveden 1896. godine. Najčešće korištene rekonstrukcijske postprocessing tehnike kod CT paleoradioloških snimanja, a koje su opisane u radu s primjerima iz istraživanja, su multiplanarna rekonstrukcija, projekcija maksimalnog intenziteta, volumno i površinsko renderiranje. Naglasak je na važnosti multidisciplinarnog pristupa istraživanjima kojim se neinvazivno analiziraju arheološki pronalasci.Computed tomography is a digital imaging method which uses x-rays to display axial slices of scanned object. CT was developed by mathematician Allen Cormack and an engineer Godfrey Hounsfield by who the CT value of radiation attenuation of different structures, was named. In clinical practice, CT is used for diagnosis of trauma, diseases, abnormalities, for tracking the efficiency of oncologic therapy and for planning and conducting interventional procedures. Also, CT has a special application in paleoradiology, a study which analyzes archeological findings with modern imaging methods like computed tomography, micro-CT, magnetic resonance and conventional radiography. The term paleoradiology was first used in 1987. in an american journal of radiology, even though the first non invasive examination of human and animal mummies by x-rays was done in the year 1896. Commonly used reconstruction postprocessing techniques in paleoradiologic CT scannings, and which are described in this paper, are multiplanar reconstruction, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and shaded surface display. The emphasis is on an importance of multidisciplinary approach in research of non invasive analysis of archeological findings
MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE, OPINIONS AND EXPERIENCES ABOUT BREASTFEEDING
No full textUvod: Dojenje je fiziološki način hranjenja djeteta. Unatoč tome, stopa dojenja je mala.
Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati stavove, znanja i iskustva majki o dojenju.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovale žene od 18 do 45 godina koje su rodile od početka 2020. godine. Istraživanju su pristupile 154 žene. Upitnik je napravljen pomoću Google obrasca. Korištena je metoda uzorkovanja snježne lopte. Upitnik se sastoji od 4 dijela: Sociodemografski podatci, Specijalna pitanja o dojenju, Tvrdnje i mitovi o dojenju, MBFES. Analiza je rađena u statističkom software-u SPSS 24, a rezultati su interpretirani na razini značajnosti p<0,05.
Rezultati: Majke s većim znanjem o dojenju dulje doje. Kao najveću potporu, majke navode supruga ili nikoga/samu sebe. Najveći broj majki posjeduje prosječno znanje o dojenju. Velik broj majki ne pohađa trudničke tečajeve – njih 83,7%. Majke najboljeg znanja o dojenju više od drugih majki brinu o dobitku na tjelesnoj masi dojenčeta. Majke slabijeg znanja o dojenju više od drugih majki smatraju da im dojenčad nije bila zainteresirana za dojenje i da se nije mogla opuštati za vrijeme dojenja.
Zaključci: Ne možemo jednoznačno zaključiti da su majke boljeg znanja o dojenju zadovoljnije njime.Introduction: Breastfeeding is a physiological way of feeding a child. Despite this, the rate of breastfeeding is low.
Aim: The main goal of this research is to examine the attitudes, knowledge and experiences of mothers about breastfeeding.
Examinees and methods: Women aged 18 to 45 who gave birth since the beginning of 2020 participated in the research. 154 women participated in the research. The questionnaire was created using a Google form. The snowball sampling method was used. The questionnaire consists of 4 parts: Socio-demographic data, Special questions about breastfeeding, Claims and myths about breastfeeding, MBFES. The analysis was done in the statistical software SPSS 24, and the results were interpreted at the significance level of p<0.05.
Results: Mothers with more knowledge about breastfeeding breastfeed longer. As the greatest support, mothers cite their husbands or no one/themselves. Most mothers have average knowledge about breastfeeding. A large number of mothers do not attend pregnancy courses - 83.7% of them. Mothers of the best knowledge of breastfeeding more than other mothers worry about the gain on the body weight of the infant. Mothers with poor knowledge about breastfeeding believe more than other mothers that their infants were not interested in breastfeeding and that they could not relax during breastfeeding.
Conclusions: We cannot unequivocally conclude that mothers with better knowledge about breastfeeding are more satisfied with it
RADIOMICS IN BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS
No full textUvod: Svjedoci smo kako svakoga dana medicina i tehnologija ekstremno napreduju, a umjetna inteligencija ima sve veću primjenu u svakidašnjem životu. Radiomika je izvrsna metoda koja pruža korisne informacije putem neinvazivne obrade. Radiomička analiza uvelike olakšava cijeli proces obrade pacijenta, od njegovog snimanja do postavljanja dijagnoze, te je zbog toga privukla pažnju mnogim znanstvenicima i liječnicima.
Cilj rada: Cilj ovoga rada je upoznati čitatelje sa radiomikom i pobliže objasniti njezin način rada, te kako se integrirala u pojedine radiološke dijagnostike i uvelike olakšala proces obrade slike, te dijagnosticiranje karcinoma dojke.
Rasprava: Mnoga istraživanja potvrdila su kako je radiomika zaista vrhunska metoda sa brojnim prednostima, ali kao i svako novo područje, ima svoje nedostatke koje će se sa daljnjim radom i istraživanjem nadomjestiti. Glavno ograničenje predstavlja sustav računala, koji mora biti standardiziran kako bi se radiomička obrada podataka mogla koristiti u svakoj ustanovi isto, te kako bi te ustanove međusobno mogle razmjenjivati informacije bez poteškoća. Osim standardizacije sustava, problem predstavljaju i lažno pozitivni nalazi, što bi uvelike povećavalo troškove ustanova i potratilo vrijeme pacijenata. Rješenje ovih navoda predstavlja razvitak novih računalnih algoritama i povećanje senzibilnosti računalne detekcije lezija.
Zaključak: Radiomika će zasigurno tijekom određenog vremena imati važnu ulogu u dijagnostici i analizi slika, iako je umjetna inteligencija još uvijek u procesu razvoja, radiomika možda neće imati samostalnu primjenu, ali će zasigurno olakšati posao liječnicima u analizi radioloških slika.Introduction: Today we can witness intense progress of medicine and technology, along with the development of the artificial intelligence that has penetrated our modern life. Radiomics is an excellent method of providing useful information by a non-invasive processing of data. The radiomic analysis aids the whole process of patient administration, from their medical examinations and scans to providing a diagnosis, and has therefore captured attention from many scientists and doctors.
Aim of the paper: The aim of this paper is to inform the readers with the scientific field of radiomics and its area of practice, as well as how it has been implemented into specific radiological processes of diagnostics and helped the processing of images and the diagnostics of the breast carcinoma.
Discussion: Many scientific researches state that radiomics has proven to be an excellent method with many advantages, but as every scientific innovation, it has its drawbacks that need to be determined by further research. The main obstacle is the network of computers that will have to be standardized in order for the radiomic processing of data can take place in every medical institution in the same way for the benefits of the exchange of medial data between the institutions. Apart from the standardization of the system, also, the problem of falsely positive test results increases health costs and is time consuming for both medical experts and patients. The solution to these obstacles is the development of better computing algorithms and the increase of computer sensibility in the process of detection of lesion / cancer patterns.
Conclusion: Radiomics will most certainly have an important role in the future of diagnostics and image processing. Since the artificial intelligence within medicine is still being in the process of development, radiomics will be implemented as a tool to medical experts, but it will be highly effective and helpful in the analysis of radiological images
FREQUENCY OF POSITIVE DIRECT AND INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST IN VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONORS IN THE INSTITUTE FOR TRANSFUSION MEDICINE KBC SPLIT 2019-2020
No full textUVOD: Transfuzija krvi je postupak koji se počeo učestalije koristiti u 20. stoljeću kao način liječenja bolesnika zahvaljujući napredcima u poljima mikrobiologije i ostalih grana medicine. Glavni izvor krvi i krvnih pripravaka su dobrovoljni davatelji krvi. S ciljem da se spriječi prenošenje krvlju prenosivih bolesti sva donirana krv se ispituje serološkim i NAT metodama, a kako bi se smanjio broj HTR sva donirana krv se imunohematološki ispita. U imunohematološke testove, između ostalih, spadaju direktni antiglobulinski test (DAT) i indirektni antiglobulinski test (IAT).
CILJ: Odrediti učestalost pojave pozitivnih direktnih antiglobulinskih testova i indirektnih antiglobulinskih testova te odrediti specifičnost iregularnih antitijela kod dobrovoljnih darivatelja krvi u promatranom razdoblju od 01. siječnja 2019. do 31. prosinca 2020. godine.
METODE: Metode kojima se ispituje rezultat DAT-ova su klasična metoda u epruveti i metoda mikrohemaglutinacije. U slučaju pozitivnog rezultata, krvni pripravci se povlače iz upotrebe te se donori vraćaju na kontrolni DAT mjesec dana nakon pozitivnog rezultata. Ovisno o rezultatu potonjega donorima se ili zabrani doniranje krvi na 2 godine ili im se dopusti daljnje doniranje. Metoda kojom se IAT ispituje se naziva metoda mikrohemaglutinacije. U slučaju pozitivnog IAT-a svi se krvni pripravci povlače iz upotrebe te se donori vraćaju na kontrolni IAT mjesec dana nakon pozitivnog rezultata. Ovisno o rezultatu kontrolnog IAT-a donorima se ili zabrani doniranje krvi na 5 godina ili im se dopusti daljnje darivanje krvi.
REZULTATI: U dvogodišnjem promatranom razdoblju je bilo 19 krvnih pripravaka s pozitivnim DAT-om od 38 051 prikupljenih, tako imajući udjel od 0,5‰. Od spomenutih 19 ispitanika nakon kontrolnog testiranja za 10 njih je doniranje bilo zabranjeno na 2 godine, a za 9 njih je daljnje doniranje bilo dozvoljeno. Pozitivnih IAT-ova u referentnom razdoblju je bilo 20 ili 0,5‰ od sveukupno prikupljenih. Najčešće iregularno antitijelo koje je uzrokovalo 8 ili 40% pozitivnih IAT-ova je anti-M antitijelo. Najmanje učestala antitijela su anti-c i anti-Jka antitijela, svaki od kojih ima udio od 10% ili 2 pozitivnih nalaza. Anti-c antitijelo je uzrokovalo oba pozitivna IAT-a u 2019., a anti-Jka antitijelo je uzrokovalo oba pozitivna IAT-a u 2020. godini.
ZAKLJUČAK: Pozitivni DAT-ovi su u referentnom periodu bili rijetki bilježeći svoj udio od 0,05% ili 19od sveukupno prikupljenih doza pune krvi. U sličnom postotku su se zabilježili i IAT-ovi sa 20 ili 0,05% pozitivnih rezultata naspram sveukupnog broja prikupljenih doza pune krvi. Najčešće iregularno antitijelo koje je uzrok pozitivnih IAT-ova je anti-M antitijelo, a najmanje učestala su anti-c i anti-Jka antitijela.INTRODUCTION: Blood transfusion is a procedure that started being used more frequently in 20th century as a way of treating patients thanks to the advances in the fields of microbiology and other branches of medicine. The main source of blood and blood products are voluntary blood donors. With the goal of preventing spread of blood-borne diseases, every dose of donated blood is tested with serological and NAT methods, and to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions the same blood is tested with imunohematological methods. Among other tests, direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin (IAT) tests are part of imunohematological testing.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of positive direct antiglobulin tests and indirect antiglobulin tests and to determine the specificity of irregular antibodies in voluntary blood donors in the observed period of time from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2020.
METHODS: The methods used to examine the results of DATS are classical test tube method and the microhemagglutination method. In case of a positive result, the blood products are withdrawn from use and the donors return to the control DAT one month after the positive result. Depending on the result of the latter, donors are either prohibited from donating blood for 2 years or are allowed to donate. The method by which the IAT is tested is called the microhemagglutination method. In the case of a positive IAT, all blood products are withdrawn from use and the donors return to the control IAT one month after the positive result. Depending on the result of the control IAT, donors are either prohibited from donating blood for 5 years or are allowed to continue donating blood.
RESULTS: In the two-year observed period, there were 19 blood products with a positive DAT out of 38 051 collected, thus having a share of 0,5‰. Of the mentioned 19 respondents, after the control testing, 10 of them were prohibited from donating for 2 years, and 9 of them were allowed to donate further. There were 20 positive IATs in the reference period, or 0,5‰ of the total collected. The most common irregular antibody that caused 8 or 40% of positive IATs was anti-M antibody. The least frequent antibodies are anti-c and anti-Jka antibodies, each of which has a share of 10% or 2 positive findings. Anti-c antibodies caused both positive IATs in 2019 and anti-Jka antibodies caused both positive IATs in 2020.
CONCLUSION: Positive DATs were rare in the reference period, recording their share of 0.05% or 19 of the total collected doses of whole blood. A similar percentage was recorded for IATs with 20 or 0.05% positive results against the total number of whole blood doses collected. The most common irregular antibody that causes positive IATs is anti-M antibody, and the least common are anti-c and anti-Jka antibodies
Personalized approach to ovarian cancer treatment: Sample processing and analysis
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog rada je prikazati molekularno testiranja gena BRCA1 i BRCA2 kod pacijentica oboljelih od raka jajnika radi detekcije patogenih mutacija u svrhu primjene ciljane terapije u njihovu liječenju
Materijal i metode: Materijal koji se koristi za analizu može biti krv ili tumorsko tkivo operiranih pacijentica. Opisani su postupci izolacije DNA, mjerenja koncentracije DNA te sekvenciranja uz pomoć komercijalno dostupnih kitova.
Rezultati: Rezultati koji se dobiju sekvenciranjem obrađuju se softwerski i u konačnici se dobije izvještaj koji detaljno prikazuje sve detektirane mutacije u uzorku pacijentice. Dobivene mutacije se selektiraju prema njihovoj patogenosti .
Zaključak: Molekularno testiranja gena BRCA1 i BRCA2 odnosno detekcija mutacija kod pacijentica s rakom jajnika važno je radi određivanja točne ciljane terapije. Da bi se utvrdila prisutnost mutacija potrebno je iz uzorka krvi ili iz tumorskog tkiva pacijentice izolirati DNA , a potom sekvencirati. Pacijentice kod kojih je utvrđena prisutnost patogenih mutacija u BRCA1 i BRCA2 kandidati su za ciljanu terapiju PARP inhibitorima.Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present molecular testing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in patients with ovarian cancer in order to detect pathogenic mutations for the purpose of applying targeted therapy in their treatment.
Material and methods: The material used for analysis can be blood or tumor tissue of operated patients. Procedures for DNA isolation, measurement of DNA concentration and sequencing with the help of commercially available kits are described.
Results: The results obtained by sequencing are processed by software and ultimately a report is obtained that shows in detail all detected mutations in the patient's sample. The obtained mutations are selected according to their pathogenicity.
Conclusion: Molecular testing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, i.e. detection of mutations in patients with ovarian cancer, is important in order to determine the correct targeted therapy. In order to determine the presence of mutations, it is necessary to isolate DNA from a blood sample or from the patient's tumor tissue, and then sequence it. Patients with the presence of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are candidates for targeted therapy with PARP inhibitors
THE IMPORTANCE OF TOMOSYNTHESIS (3D MAMMOGRAPHS) IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER - NEW KNOWLEDGE
No full textRak dojke kao veliki javnozdravstveni problem iziskuje pored prevencije gdje
možemo utjecati na poznate faktore rizika, traženje mogućnosti što ranijeg otkrivanja raka
dojke kod asimptomatskih žena. Samim time liječenje postaje učinkovitije, manje
zahtjevno i prognostički bolje.
Uzimajući u obzir da 10-15 % tumora ne uspijevamo otkriti konvencionalnom
mamografijom ukazuje se potreba za dodatnim postupcima kako bi smanjili postotak
neotkrivenih tumora u najranijoj fazi.
Tomosinteza uz konvencionalnu mamografiju, ultrazvuk i klinički pregled bitno
doprinosi ranijem otkrivanju raka dojke.
Preciznijom i boljom vizualizacijom koju omogućuje tomosinteza smanjuje se broj lažno
negativnih nalaza (naročito kod žena s gušćim žljezdanim parenhimom), a otkrivene
lezije su obično manje. Isto tako u slučaju postojanja sitnijih abnormalnosti odnosno
suspektnih nalaza na mamografiji tomosintezom možemo isključiti ili potvrditi patološki
nalaz čime smanjujemo broj lažno pozitivnih nalaza.
U diplomskom radu opisuje se dijagnostički postupak tomosinteze te kroz uzorak od 40
žena kojima je nakon mamografije preporučena i učinjena tomosinteza pokazana njezina
II
važnost u preciznijem dijagnosticiranju obzirom na lažno pozitivne i lažno negativne
nalaze.Breast cancer as a major public health problem requires, in addition to
prevention where we can influence known risk factors, the search for the possibility of
early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. As a result, the treatment
becomes more effective, less demanding and has a better prognosis.
Considering that 10-15% of tumors cannot be detected by conventional mammography,
the need for additional procedures is indicated to reduce the percentage of undetected
tumors in the earliest stages.
Tomosynthesis along with conventional mammography, ultrasound and clinical
examination significantly contributes to the early detection of breast cancer.
The more precise and better visualization made possible by tomosynthesis reduces the
number of false negative findings (especially in women with denser glandular
parenchyma), and the detected lesions are usually smaller. Likewise, in the case of minor
abnormalities or suspicious findings on mammography, tomosynthesis can rule out or
confirm a pathological finding, which reduces the number of false positive findings.
IV
The diploma thesis describes the diagnostic procedure of tomosynthesis, and through a
sample of 40 women who were recommended and performed tomosynthesis after
mammography, its importance in more precise diagnosis about false positive and false
negative findings is shown
SATISFACTION OF NURSES WORKING IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF COVID CENTER, UNIVESRITY HOSPITAL OF SPLIT
No full textCILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Utvrditi činjenično stanje u smislu znanja potrebnog za rad u Jedinici intenzivnog
liječenja Covid centra KBC-a Split ( u daljnjem tekstu JIL), utvrditi postojanje osjećaja zadovoljstva odnosno
nezadovoljstva radom.
MATERIJALI I METODE: Prospektno istraživanje je provedeno u Jedinici intenzivnog liječenja Covid centra
Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split u vremenskom razdoblju od 01. travnja do 31. svibnja 2021. godine. Svi su
ispitanici ispunili anonimni Upitnik kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja.
REZULTATI: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 66 ispitanika. Rezultati su pokazali da medicinske sestre mlađe od
30 godina koje su raspoređene na rad u Covid centar nisu zadovoljniji mjestom rada u odnosu na one starije od 30
godina. Viša razina zadovoljstva utvrđena je kod ispitanika koji imaju životnog partnera (u braku su, u
izvanbračnoj zajednici) u odnosu na ispitanike bez životnog partnera (udovac/udovica, razveden/a,
neoženjen/neudata). Ukupna sklonost pogreškama za 0.21 bod veća kod ispitanih medicinskih sestara s radnim
stažem do 5 godina u odnosu na zaposlenike sa radnim stažem većim od 30 godina. Ukupno zadovoljstvo
organizacijom rada u Covid centru KBC-a Split je prisutno među ispitanim medicinskim sestarma na tvrdnje
kojima se ispituje odnos liječnika prema medicinskim sestrama (prosjek=3.39; SD=1.11) i organizacija opskrbe
lijekovima i drugim potrošnim materijalom za liječenje gdje je utvrđena prosječna razina slaganja 3.68 sa
prosječnim odstupanjem od aritmetičke sredine 1.05, dok je kod ostalih tvrdnji utvrđeno nezadovoljstvo.
ZAKLJUČCI: Medicinske sestre mlađe od 30 godina nisu zadovoljnije poslom u odnosu na one starije od 30
godine, dok one koje imaje zasnovane vlastite obitelji nisu nezadovoljnije poslom u odnosu na one koje su same.
Primjereno znanje bolje pokazuju medicinske sestre s više godina radnog iskustva, a više vremena za prilagodbu
na nove radne uvjete je potrebno medicinskim sestrama čiji je dosadašnji radni staž bio izvan JIL-a/JINJ-a.
Medicinske sestre nisu pokazale opće zadovoljstvo cjelokupnom organizacijom rada u jedinici intenzivnog
liječenja Covid centra KBC-a Split.AIM: To determine the factual situation in terms of knowledge required for work in the Intensive Care Unit of the
Covid Center of the Clinical Hospital Center Split and to determine the existence of feelings of satisfaction or
dissatisfaction with work.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the Covid
Center of the Clinical Hospital Center Split in the period from April 1 to May 31, 2021. All respondents completed
an anonymous Questionnaire created for the purposes of this research.
RESULTS: In the study participated 66 respondents. The results showed that nurses under the age of 30 who were
assigned to work at the Covid Center were not more satisfied with the place of work compared to those over the
age of 30. A higher level of satisfaction was found in respondents who have a life partner (they are married, in an
extramarital union) compared to respondents without a life partner (widow / widower, divorced, unmarried). The
total error rate by 0.21 points is higher among the surveyed nurses with a work experience of up to 5 years
compared to employees with a work experience of more than 30 years. Overall satisfaction with the organization
of work in the Covid Center of KBC Split is present among the examined nurses on the particles that examine the
relationship of doctors to nurses (average = 3.39; SD = 1.11) and the organization of the supply of drugs and other
treatment consumables where the average level of agreement was 3.68 with an average deviation from the
arithmetic mean of 1.05, while dissatisfaction was found for other particles.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurses under the age of 30 are not more satisfied with the job than those over the age of 30,
while those with established families are not more dissatisfied with the job than those who are single. Appropriate
knowledge is better demonstrated by nurses with more years of work experience, and more time is needed for
nurses whose previous work experience has been outside the ICU / JINJ to adapt to the new working conditions.
Nurses did not show general satisfaction with the overall organization of work in the intensive care unit of the
Covid Center of KBC Split
Differences in the opinions of health professions students and non-health professions students about aging and dementia as a social phenomenom
No full textPosljednjih desetljeća ljudi diljem svijeta žive dulje. Do 2030. godine, jedan od šest ljudi na svijetu bit će u dobi od 60 ili više godina. Demencije se pojavljuju pretežito sporadično i u starijim dobnim skupinama. Smatra se da 5-7% osoba ≥ 60 godina boluje od nekog oblika demencije. Cilj ovog istraživanja je istražiti postoji li povezanost među mjernim varijablama. Osim samih stavova ispitali smo koliko demografski čimbenici, različiti edukativni sadržaji kojima su studenti bili izloženi te suživot sa osobama starije dobi utječe na formiranje stavova studenata prema starenju i demenciji kao društvenoj pojavi. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo studente Sveučilišta u Splitu koji studiraju na Filozofskom, Pomorskom, Medicinskom fakultetu i Odjelu zdravstvenih studija. Od toga 113 studenata zdravstvenog usmjerenja te 120 studenata nezdravstvenog usmjerenja. Postoje razlike u percepciji studenata zdravstvenih i nezdravstvenih usmjerenja o starenju i demenciji kao društvenoj pojavi s tim da je percepcija općenito pozitivnija kod studenata zdravstvenih usmjerenja a nije različita s obzirom na demografska obilježja (dob, spol, boravište i godina studiranja). Ne postoje razlike u percepciji studenata prema starenju i demenciji s obzirom na osobno iskustvo života sa starijim osobama. Zbog sve većeg udjela starije populacije u svijetu i sve većeg broja oboljelih od demencije, svaka osoba je okružena velikim brojem starijih te je velika vjerojatnost da se tijekom života susretne s osobom oboljelom od demencije. Zbog toga bi bilo dobro da ima znanja i da je lišena predrasuda prema njima kako bi im mogla na primjeren način pristupiti i pomoći ukoliko je potrebno.In recent decades, people around the world have been living longer. By 2030, one in six people in the world will be aged 60 or over. Dementias occur predominantly sporadically and in older age groups. It is estimated that 5-7% of people ≥ 60 years of age suffer from some form of dementia. The aim of this research is to investigate whether there is a correlation between the measurement variables. In addition to the attitudes themselves, we examined the extent to which demographic factors, different educational content to which students were exposed and coexistence with the elderly affect the formation of students' attitudes towards aging and dementia as a social phenomenon. The research included students of the University of Split who study at the Faculty of Philosophy, Maritime Studies, the Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Health Studies. Of these, 113 are health students and 120 are non-health students. There are differences in the perception of health and non-health students about aging and dementia as a social phenomenon, but the perception is generally more positive among health students and not different in terms of demographic characteristics (age, gender, residence and year of study). There are no differences in students' perceptions of aging and dementia with respect to personal life experience with older people. Due to the growing share of the elderly population in the world and the growing number of people with dementia, each person is surrounded by a large number of elderly people and is more likely to meet a person with dementia during their lifetime. Therefore, it would be good to have knowledge and to be free of prejudice against them so that they can be approached and helped in an appropriate way if necessary
Nursing competencies in aproaching a patient at the end of life
No full textŽivot čini posebnu priču koja završava smrću. Smrt kao takva važan je dio života koja sadrži svoj početak i kraj. Svaka osoba razmišlja o lijepoj smrti bez poteškoća i moguće bolesti, ali na tu završnu fazu nije moguće previše utjecati. Mnoge bolesti se mogu liječiti i izliječiti, no kada dođe starost i završni stadij jedino što je moguće je ublažiti simptome i pružiti najveće moguće zadovoljstvo bolesnoj osobi. Najveću pomoć, uz obitelj, čini medicinska sestra koja s ostalim članovima čini produktivan palijativni tim.
Palijativna skrb je od izuzetne važnosti za svakog pojedinca. Ona pomaže bolesnoj osobi da se održi kvaliteta njezina života u završnoj, odnosno terminalnoj fazi život. Kod palijativnih pacijenata potreban je holistički pristup, briga za pacijenta, ali i za njegovu obitelj jer se pacijent bliži kraju života što može dovesti do poteškoća i neprihvaćanja. Takva skrb zahtijeva suradnju educiranog interdisciplinarnog tima kojeg čini liječnik, medicinka sestra, fizioterapeut, socijalni radnik, svećenik, psiholog, volonteri, njegovatelji i mnogi drugi. U procesu skrbi za pacijenta na kraju života naglašavaju se potrebne kompetenije medicinske sestre, kao i edukacija te poticanje članova obitelji da se uključe u skrb za pacijenta.
Uz sve navedeno medicinska sestra/tehničar i ostatak medicinskog tima nužni su osmisliti dobru zdravstvenu njegu kako bi istu mogli primijeniti u praksi te tako olakšati pacijentu posljednje dane života. Od izuzetne je važnosti pružiti podršku pacijentu i njegovoj obitelji te zadovoljiti sve ljudske potrebe kao što su psihološke, socijelne i duhovne. Medicinske sestre/tehničari također u svom radu trebaju redovito pohađati različite seminare, tečajeve, izlaganja, usavršavanja, skupove i slično, kako bi se unaprijedili i usavršili svoje znanje te primijenili isto u skrbi za pacijenta.Life makes a special story that ends in death. Death as such is an important part of life that contains its beginning and end. Every person thinks of a beautiful death without difficulties and possible illness, but it is not possible to influence this final phase too much. Many diseases can be treated and cured, but when old age and the final stage come, the only thing possible is to alleviate the symptoms and give the greatest possible satisfaction to the sick person. The biggest help, along with the family, is the nurse who, together with the other members, forms a productive palliative team.
Palliative care is extremely important for every individual. It helps the sick person to maintain the quality of his life in the final or terminal phase of life. Palliative patients need a holistic approach, care for the patient, but also for his family because the patient is nearing the end of life, which can lead to difficulties and rejection. Such care requires the cooperation of an educated interdisciplinary team consisting of a physician, nurse, physiotherapist, social worker, priest, psychologist, volunteers, caregivers, and many others. In the process of patient care at the end of life, the necessary competencies of the nurse are emphasized, as well as education and encouragement of family members to get involved in patient care.
In addition to all of the above, the nurse/technician and the rest of the medical team need to design good health care so that they can apply it in practice and thus make it easier for the patient in the last days of life. It is extremely important to provide support to the patient and his family and to meet all human needs such as psychological, social and spiritual. Nurses/technicians should also regularly attend various seminars, courses, presentations, trainings, gatherings, etc. in their work, in order to improve and perfect their knowledge and apply the same in patient care