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Effect of computerized tomography image reconstruction on image quality and radiation dose
No full textTemeljna ideja iterativne rekonstrukcije slike je izračun slikovnih podataka koji točno odgovara dobivenim podacima projekcije. Primjenjujući matematičku definiciju iterativnog algoritma za rekonstrukciju CT slike, idealan IR postupak sastoji se od ciklusa koraka projekcije naprijed i nazad s ponavljanim prijelazom iz projekcije (neobrađeni podaci) u prostor slike i obrnuto, iterativno poboljšavajući rekonstruirane slikovne podatke.
Simulacijom snimanja CT slike pomoću točnog modela CT slike, projekcija koraka naprijed generira sintetičke podatke projekcije koji se uspoređuju s izmjerenim podacima o projekciji. Korak povratne projekcije širi korekciju određenu iz razlike simulirane i izmjerene projekcije na prostor slike (npr. filtriranom projekcijom unatrag) gdje se primjenjuje kao ažuriranje trenutne procjene slikovnih podataka.
Kod Fourierove filtrirane projekcije unatrag profil prigušenja na svakom kutu gentrija se 'projicira unatrag' preko prostora slike. Vrijednost atenuacije u sinogramu podijeljena je brojem piksela slike duž smjera projekcije od izvora rtg zraka do detektora, i tako dobivena prosječna vrijednost prigušenja dodjeljuje se ovim pikselima; ako bi se vrijednosti piksela zbrojile duž smjera projekcije, vratila bi se izvorna vrijednost prigušenja u sinogramu. Ovo se ponavlja za svaki kut gentrija. Konačna slika projekcije unatrag je tada zbroj svih unazad projiciranih profila atenuacije.
Metode iterativne rekonstrukcije (IR) MDCT slika pružaju pouzdanu i alternativnu metodu za optimiziranje omjera između doze zračenja i kvalitete slike. Ove metode sastoje se od matematičkih pristupa naknadne obrade koji omogućuju ispravljanje neobrađenih podataka smanjenjem šuma slike bez promjene transverzalne prostorne rezolucije.The basic idea of iterative image reconstruction is the calculation of image data that exactly corresponds to the obtained projection data. Applying the mathematical definition of an iterative algorithm for CT image reconstruction, the ideal IR procedure consists of a cycle of forward and backward projection steps with repeated transitions from projection (raw data) to image space and vice versa, iteratively improving the reconstructed image data.
By simulating CT image acquisition using an accurate CT image model, step-forward projection generates synthetic projection data that is compared to measured projection data. The back-projection step propagates the correction determined from the difference between the simulated and measured projections to the image space (e.g. filtered back-projection) where it is applied as an update to the current estimate of the image data.
In simple back projection (BP), the attenuation profile at each corner of the gantry is 'back-projected' across the image space. The attenuation value in the sinogram is divided by the number of image pixels along the projection direction from the x-ray source to the detector, and the average attenuation value thus obtained is assigned to these pixels; if the pixel values were summed along the projection direction, the original attenuation value in the sinogram would be returned. This is repeated for each corner of the gentry. The final back projection image is then the sum of all back projected attenuation profiles.
Iterative reconstruction (IR) methods of MDCT images provide a reliable and alternative method to optimize the ratio between radiation dose and image quality. These methods consist of mathematical post-processing approaches that allow the correction of raw data by reducing image noise without changing the transverse spatial resolution
Types of paramagnetic contrast agents in MRI
No full textMagnetna kontrastna sredstva su tvari koje se koriste u medicinskoj dijagnostici kako bi se poboljšala vidljivost i kontrast na slikama dobivenim magnetnom rezonancom (MR). MR je napredna neinvazivna tehnika slikanja koja koristi jak magnetski pol i radiofrekventne valove za generiranje detaljnih trodimenzionalnih slika unutrašnjih tkiva i organa u tijelu. Magnetna kontrastna sredstva su paramagnetske supstance koje sadrže atome s nesparenim elektronima. Kada se primijene u tijelu pacijenta prije MR pregleda, reagiraju s magnetskim poljem MR uređaja i stvaraju lokalne magnetske momente. Ti momenti mijenjaju lokalno magnetsko polje, što rezultira povećanim kontrastom na MR slici. Ova poboljšana vidljivost omogućuje medicinskim stručnjacima bolju identifikaciju i procjenu bolesti, oštećenja ili drugih abnormalnosti. Koriste se u različitim kliničkim scenarijima, kao što su otkrivanje tumora, dijagnostika krvnih žila, praćenje bolesti mozga i lezija koštane srži. Ovisno o vrsti pregleda, mogu se primijeniti intravenski, oralno ili lokalno. Važno je napomenuti da imaju potencijalne rizike i nuspojave. Neke osobe mogu biti alergične na ove tvari, pa je važno provesti anamnezu i provjeriti povijest alergija prije primjene. Magnetna kontrastna sredstva su važan alat u dijagnostičkoj radiologiji, posebno u MR slikanju. Ona pomažu poboljšati kontrast na MR slikama i omogućuju precizniju dijagnostiku i praćenje bolesti.Magnetic contrast agents are substances used in medical diagnostics to improve visibility and contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) images. MR is an advanced non-invasive imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic pole and radio frequency waves to generate detailed three-dimensional images of internal tissues and organs in the body. Magnetic contrast agents are paramagnetic substances that contain atoms with unpaired electrons. When applied to the patient's body before an MR examination, they react with the magnetic field of the MR device and generate local magnetic moments. These moments change the local magnetic field, which results in increased contrast in the MR image. This improved visibility allows medical professionals to better identify and assess disease, damage or other abnormalities. They are used in various clinical scenarios, such as tumor detection, blood vessel diagnostics, monitoring of brain diseases and bone marrow lesions. Depending on the type of examination, they can be administered intravenously, orally or locally. It is important to note that they have potential risks and side effects. Some people may be allergic to these substances, so it is important to take an anamnesis and check the history of allergies before use. Magnetic contrast agents are an important tool in diagnostic radiology, especially in MR imaging. They help to improve contrast on MR images and enable more accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring
Nursing care in support of Covid-19 treatment of elderly patients - influence of vitamin D concentration on disease outcome
No full textCilj istraživanja: otkriti je li moguće uz pomoć analiziranih laboratorijskih parametara predvidjeti ishod bolesti COVID-19 kod starije populacije.
Izvori podataka i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 176 ispitanika, odnosno osoba starijih od 60 godina koji su bili hospitalizirani u jedinici intenzivne njege KBC-a Split zbog COVID-19 infekcije, od čega je 63 umrlih te 113 preživjelih pacijenata. Venepunkcija uzoraka seruma izvršena je u skladu s Nacionalnim preporukama za uzorkovanje venske krvi. Razine vitamina D analizirane su imunokemijskom elektrokemoluminiscentnom metodom. Analiza svih prikupljenih podataka obavljena je korištenjem računalnog programa MedCalc, a stupanj statističke značajnosti postavljen je na p < 0.05.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji statistički značajna razlika između preminulih i umrlih s obzirom na dob (p=0.016), razinu vitamina D (p<0.001), razinu kalcija (p<0.001) te razinu magnezija (p=0.001). Razina vitamina D statistički je značajno viša kod preživjelih u usporedbi s preminulim pacijentima (22.8 ± 20.8 vs. 36.6 ± 22.8; p< 0.001). Razina GDF-15 također je viša kod preživjelih, ali ta razlika nije statistički značajna. Pokazalo se da postoji statistički značajna povezanost između razina magnezija i kalcija te ishoda bolesti COVID-19 kod starije populacije, ali ne i statistički značajna povezanost razina fosfora te broja leukocita, neutrofilnih granulocita, limfocita i trombocita te ishoda bolesti. Statistička obrada ukazala je na povezanost GDF-15 i magnezija (u ukupnom uzorku, u skupini preživjelih i umrlih), fosfora (u ukupnom uzorku te u skupini preživjelih) te kalcija (u skupini preminulih). Pokazalo se i da postoji korelacija između vitamina D i kalcija (u ukupnom uzorku, u skupini preživjelih i umrlih) te magnezija (u ukupnom uzorku i u skupini preminulih), dok nije uočena povezanost s fosforom. Multivarijabilna logistička regresijska analiza pokazala je da je samo razina vitamina D snižena kod starijih pacijenata s COVID-19 infekcijom (OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.020 - 1.075; p<0.001) kada se stavi u model s dobi te razinama GDF-15 i katestatina i brojem leukocita.
Zaključak: Ishod bolesti COVID-19 lošiji je što je pacijent stariji i što je koncentracija vitamina D u krvi pacijenta niža. Na ishod bolesti mogu utjecati i razine magnezija i kalcija, ali bi njihovu korelaciju s ishodom bolesti COVID-19 trebalo detaljnije ispitati.Master thesis title: Nursing care in support of C-19 treatment of elderly patients – influence of vitamin D concentraton on disease outcome
Objectives: To investigate is it possible to predict the outcome of the disease of COVID-19 in the elderly population with the help of analyzed laboratory parameters.
Data sources and methods: The research involved 176 respondents, i.e. people over 60 years old who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of KBC Split due to COVID-19 infection, of which 63 died and 113 survived. Venipuncture of serum samples was performed in accordance with the National Recommendations for Venous Blood Sampling. Vitamin D levels were analyzed by Roche immunochemical electrochemoluminescent method. The analysis of all collected data was performed using the MedCalc computer program, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The research showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the deceased and the deceased with regard to age (p=0.016), vitamin D level (p<0.001), calcium level (p<0.001) and magnesium level (p=0.001). The level of vitamin D is statistically significantly higher in survivors compared to deceased patients (22.8 ± 20.8 vs. 36.6 ± 22.8; p< 0.001). The level of GDF-15 is also higher in survivors, but this difference is not statistically significant. It was shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the levels of magnesium and calcium and the outcome of the disease of COVID-19 in the elderly population, but not a statistically significant relationship between the levels of phosphorus and the number of leukocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and platelets and the outcome of the disease. Statistical processing indicated a connection between GDF-15 and magnesium (in the total sample, in the group of survivors and deceased), phosphorus (in the total sample and in the group of survivors) and calcium (in the group of deceased). It was also shown that there is a correlation between vitamin D and calcium (in the total sample, in the group of survivors and deceased) and magnesium (in the total sample and in the group of the deceased), while no connection was observed with phosphorus. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only vitamin D level in elderly patients with COVID-19 infection is lowered (OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.020 - 1.075; p<0.001) when put into the model with age and GDF-15 and catestatin levels and the number of leukocytes.
Conclusion: The outcome of the disease of COVID-19 is worse the older the patient and the lower the concentration of vitamin D in the patient's blood. Magnesium and calcium levels can also affect the outcome of the disease, but their correlation with the outcome of the disease of COVID-19 should be examined in more detail
Non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of chronic respiratory failure with a case report
No full textKronična respiracijska insuficijencija (RI) je stanje kada dolazi do manjka kisika u arterijskoj krvi s ili bez
povećanja razine ugljičnog dioklsida.
Takvi bolesnici se žale na nedostatak zraka, otežano disanje i pritisak u prsnom košu, što se manifestira zaduhom, kašljem, umorom i pospanošću. Respiracijska insuficijencija se liječi farmakološkim metodama, a u
težim slučajevima javlja se potreba za invazivnom ili ne invazivnom ventilacijom.
Bolesnica, rođena 1960 god. dugi niz godina boluje od kronične respiracijske insuficijencije uzrokovane
plućnom hipertenzijom. Od 2003 god. koristi trajnu kućnu oksigenoterapiju, međutim i dalje u više navrata
završava na strojnoj ventilaciji. Od 2015. godine, ordinirana je neinvazivna ventilacija i stanje bolesnice se
popravlja, stabilizira.Chronic respiratory insufficiency is a condition in which the patient has recuded oxygen saturation with or
without increased carbon dioxide levels. Such patients complain of lack o fair, difficulty breathing and chest
pressure. Which is manifested by shortness of brerath, cough, fatigue and drowsiness. Treatment includes a
pharmacological approach, and in more severe cases there is need for invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
The patient, born 1960., has been suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency caused by pulmonary
hypertension for many years. Oxygenation was included in her therapy in 2003, but she still endes up on
mechanical ventilation on several occasiones. Since 2015, non-invasive ventilation has been prescribed and
the patient's condition is stabilizing
The nurse's activities and role in stroke education for patients and families
No full textMoždani udar ili cerebrovaskularni inzult je akutno oštećenje cerebralne perfuzije ili vaskulature. Otprilike 85% moždanih udara je ishemijski, a ostali su hemoragijski. U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća učestalost moždanog udara i smrtnost se smanjuje. Moždani udar je vodeći uzrok invaliditeta odraslih u cijelom svijetu. Stoga je ključno rano prepoznati moždani udar i brzo ga liječiti kako bi se spriječio ili smanjio morbiditet i smrtnost. Mnogo je uzroka moždanog udara. Hipertenzija je vodeći uzrok ishemijskog moždanog udara. U mlađoj populaciji postoje brojni uzroci moždanog udara uključujući poremećaje zgrušavanja, disekciju karotida i zlouporabu nedopuštenih psihoaktivnih tvari. U akutnom stanju potrebno je obaviti brzu anamnezu i pregled. Aktivnosti i uloga medicinske sestre u edukaciji obitelji i pacijenta nakon moždanog udara igraju ključnu ulogu u olakšavanju procesa oporavka i prilagodbe. Medicinska sestra ima važan zadatak pružiti podršku i informacije kako bi pacijentima i njihovim obiteljima omogućila bolje razumijevanje stanja, simptoma i tretmana. Kroz individualizirani pristup, medicinska sestra educira o tehnikama njege, vježbama, prehrani i lijekovima, osnažujući ih da preuzmu aktivnu ulogu u procesu oporavka. Osim toga, uloga medicinske sestre u komunikaciji s multidisciplinarnim timom i prilagodbi plana skrbi osigurava holistički i personalizirani pristup, unaprjeđujući kvalitetu života pacijenata nakon moždanog udara.A stroke or cerebrovascular insult is an acute impairment of cerebral perfusion or vasculature. Approximately 85% of strokes are ischemic and the rest are hemorrhagic. In the last few decades, the frequency of stroke and mortality has been decreasing. Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize stroke early and treat it quickly to prevent or reduce morbidity and mortality. There are many causes of stroke. Hypertension is the leading cause of ischemic stroke. In the younger population, there are numerous causes of stroke including clotting disorders, carotid dissection, and abuse of illicit psychoactive substances. In an acute condition, it is necessary to take a quick history and examination. The activities and role of the nurse in the education of the family and the patient after a stroke play a key role in facilitating the process of recovery and adaptation. The nurse has the important task of providing support and information to enable patients and their families to better understand their condition, symptoms and treatment. Through an individualized approach, the nurse educates about care techniques, exercise, diet and medication, empowering them to take an active role in the recovery process. In addition, the nurse's role in communicating with the multidisciplinary team and adjusting the care plan ensures a holistic and personalized approach, improving the quality of life of patients after stroke
Pathological vascularization in brain tumors: radiological and functional characteristics and treatment options
No full textAngiogeneza je proces pomoću kojeg nastaju nove krvne žile potrebne za hranidbenu opskrbu tkiva i organa. Angiogeneza ima svoje čimbenike, kao što su VEGF, FGF, TGF-β, koji omogućavaju brži i lakši rast i razvoj krvnih žila. Ovaj način rada koriste tumori kako bi stvorili vlastitu krvnu opskrbu i omogućili dotok hranjivih tvari i kisika potrebnih za daljnje širenje i metastaziranje. S obzirom da maligni tumori rastu i šire se velikom brzinom, kvalitetna i pravovremena dijagnoza je vrlo važna. Radiološke slikovne metode, CT, MR, PET/CT i PET/MR, pouzdane su i relativno sigurne te omogućuju neinvazivni način prikazivanja tumora s njegovom vaskulaturom. Kvalitetnom radiološkom obradom omogućavamo pravovremenu i adekvatnu terapiju. Kirurška obrada i konkomitantna kemoradioterapija često su terapijske opcije izbora u liječenju agresivnih tumora.Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed, necessary for the nutritional supply of tissues and organs. Angiogenesis has its own factors, such as VEGF, FGF, TGF-β, which enable faster and easier growth and development of blood vessels. This mode of operation is used by tumors in order to create their own blood supply and enable the flow of nutrients and oxygen necessary for further expansion and metastasis. Given that malignant tumors grow and spread at a high speed, a high-quality and timely diagnosis is very important. Radiological imaging methods, CT, MR, PET/CT and PET/MR, are reliable and relatively safe and enable non invasive ways of showing the tumor with its vasculature. With high quality radiological processing, we enable timely and adequate therapy. Surgical treatment and concomitant chemoradiotherapy are often the therapeutic options of choice in the treatment of aggressive tumors
The importance of cortisol measurment in urine
No full textCilj rada: Cilj rada je odrediti koncentraciju kortizola u 24-satnoj mokraći pacijenata s uputnom
dijagnozom poremećaja kore nadbubrežne žlijezde, interpretirati dobivene rezultate shodno
patofiziološkim obilježjima pojedinih poremećaja kore nadbubrežne žlijezde te opisati važnost
određivanja kortizola u uzorku 24-satne mokraće kao jednog od dijagnostičkih parametara za
postavljanje dijagnoze i praćenje tijeka bolesti kod bolesnika s poremećajem kore nadbubrežne žlijezde.
Materijali i metode: Odabrano je 10 pacijenata KBC-a Split s uputnom dijagnozom koja je uključivala
neki od poremećaja kore nadbubrežne žlijezde i zahtjev za određivanje koncentracije kortizola u 24-
satnoj mokraći. Uzorci pacijenata obrađeni su i analizirani u Zavodu za medicinsku laboratorijsku
dijagnostiku prema protokolu proizvođača testa Roche „Elecsys Cortisol“ koji se odnosi na
automatiziranu ECLIA metodu određivanja slobodnog kortizola u mokraći na analizatoru Cobas 6000.
Rezultati: Referentni interval za ovu metodu definiran od strane proizvođača je 100 – 379 nmol/dU.
Četiri pacijenta imala su koncentraciju kortizola ispod 100 nmol/dU, pet pacijenata preko 379 nmol/dU,
a jedan pacijent u rasponu 100 – 379 nmol/dU. Rezultati su tumačeni s obzirom na uputne dijagnoze
pacijenata.
Zaključak: Koncentracija kortizola u mokraći nije dovoljan parametar za postavljanje dijagnoze, ali
usmjerava daljnje pretrage i dovodi liječnika bliže odgovoru. Točnost i preciznost metode su preduvjeti
ispravnog nalaza kao i pravilna obrada i rukovanje uzorkom o čemu ovisi ispravnost rezultata.Objective: The aim is to determine cortisol concentration in the 24-hour urine sample of patients with a
referral diagnosis of adrenal cortex disorders, to interpret obtained results according to the
pathophysiological characteristics of certain adrenal gland disorders and to describe the importance of
determining cortisol in a 24-hour urine sample as one of the diagnostic parameters for establishing a
diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease for patients with adrenal gland disorder.
Materials and methods: 10 patients of UHC Split were selected with a referral diagnosis that included
some of the adrenal cortex disorders and a request to determine the concentration of cortisol in 24-hour
urine. Patient samples were processed and analyzed at the Department of Medical Laboratory
Diagnostic according to the protocol of the manufacturer Roche "Elecsys Cortisol", using the automated
ECLIA method for urinary free cortisol on the Cobas 6000 analyzer.
Results: The reference interval for this method defined by manufacturer is 100 – 379 nmol/dU. Four
patients had a cortisol concentration below 100 nmol/dU, five patients above 379 nmol/dU, and one
patient in the range 100 – 379 nmol/dU. The results were observed in the context of the referral
diagnoses of the patients.
Conclusion: The cortisol concentration in urine is not a sufficient parameter to make a diagnosis, but it
directs further diagnostic procedure and brings the doctor closer to the answer. The accuracy and
precision of the method, correct sample processing and handling as well as proper sample are essential
for correct results
Application of various therapeutic treatment procedures for chronic lumbar spine pain
No full textCilj: Cilj rada je opisati koji su preduvjeti i što sve dovodi do kronične lumbalne boli te pretragom medicinskih baza podataka napraviti narativni pregled literature i usporedbu o uspješnosti različitih terapijskih postupaka. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata pregledom literature i utvrditi koji je terapijski postupak najučinkovitiji pristup u rehabilitaciji kronične lumbalne boli.
Metode: Tijekom izrade završnog rada pregledana je medicinska baza PubMed te su izdvojene studije koje su istraživale učinkovitost pojedinog terapijskog postupka kod kronične lumbalne boli. Ključne riječi koje su se koristile: chronic low back pain, manual, kinesitheraphy, acupuncture Za detaljnu analizu izabrano je ukupno 14 studija koje su obrađivale zadanu tematiku i zadovoljili su sve kriterije te su uzeti u daljnju obradu.
Rezultati: Akupunktura pozitivno djeluje na kroničnu lumbalnu bol, treba naglasiti da je akupunktura šaka-uho pružila dugoročnije rezultate u usporedbi s tradicionalnom akupunkturom. Manualna terapija može pružiti poboljšanje u boli i funkciji, ali ne značajnije od ostalih vrsta terapija. Također meta analiza iz 2018. godine u manualnoj terapiji dala je prednost manipulaciji u odnosu na mobilizaciju. Jednoznačno je dokazano da je kineziterapija vrlo učinkovita kod liječenja kronične lumbalne boli. Većine istraživanja pokazalo je da ne vezano o vrsti provedenih vježbi, kineziterapija daje odlične rezultate u liječenju kronične lumbalne boli.
Zaključak: Centralno mjesto u rehabilitaciji trebala bi zauzimati kineziterapija iako ostale dvije procedure, manualnu terapiju i akupunkturu, nikako ne bi trebalo otpisati već bi bilo korisno (ukoliko je potrebno) da se koriste uz već spomenuti terapijski postupak liječenja. Dokazalo se da je kineziterapija najuspješnija kod smanjenja bolnosti, stupnja invalidnosti, povećanja funkcionalnosti, fizičke izdržljivosti te pruža najbolje rezultate kod raznih vrsta testova korištenih u istraživanjima. Ova vrsta terapije se najboljom pokazala i u prevenciji pojave lumbalne boli, povezanih invaliditeta i smanjenja intenziteta boli.Objective: The aim of the paper is to describe the prerequisites and what leads to chronic lumbar disease, and by searching the medical database to make a narrative review of the literature and a comparison of the success of different therapeutic procedures. Based on the results obtained by reviewing the literature, determine which therapeutic procedure is the most effective approach in the rehabilitation of chronic lumbar pain.
Methods: During the preparation of the final paper, the PubMed medical database was reviewed and studies were selected that investigated the effectiveness of individual therapeutic procedures in chronic lumbar pain. Keywords used: chronic low back pain, manual, kinesyiotheraphy, acupuncture For detailed analysis, a total of 14 studies were selected that dealt with the given topic and met all the criteria and were taken into further processing.
Results: Acupuncture has a positive effect on chronic lumbar pain, it should be emphasized that hand-ear acupuncture provided longer-term results compared to traditional acupuncture. Manual therapy may provide improvement in pain and function, but not more significantly than other types of therapy. Also, a meta-analysis from 2018 in manual therapy gave priority to manipulation over mobilization. It has been clearly proven that kinesitherapy is very effective in the treatment of chronic lumbar pain. Most research has shown that regardless of the type of exercises performed, kinesitherapy gives excellent results in the treatment of chronic lumbar pain.
Conclusion: The central place in rehabilitation should be occupied by kinesitherapy, although the other two procedures, manual therapy and acupuncture, should by no means be written off, but would be useful (if necessary) to be used in addition to the already mentioned therapeutic treatment procedure. It has been proven that kinesitherapy is the most successful in reducing pain, degree of disability, increasing functionality, physical endurance and provides the best results in various types of tests used in research. This type of therapy has proven to be the best in preventing the occurrence of lumbar pain, related disabilities and reducing the intensity of pai
Effect of limb cooling on endurance in professional judo athletes
No full textCilj istraživanja: Utvrditi utjecaj hlađenja središnje tjelesne temperature korištenjem rukavica za hlađenje na mišićnu izdržljivost u profesionalnih džudaša.
Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanje je ukupno uključeno 7 profesionalnih džudaša. Istraživanje je provedeno kao randomizirano, križno ispitivanje koje se sastojalo od dva treninga na zračnom biciklu. Svaki trening sastojao se od četiri serije s trominutnim periodom odmora. U periodima odmora u jednom od treninga ispitanici su koristili CoolMitt® rukavicu za hlađenje, a u drugom za vrijeme odmora nije korištena nikakva tehnologija. Glavni ishod istraživanja bio je ukupni volumen treninga.
Rezultati: Prosječna dob sedam profesionalnih džudaša (2 žene i 5 muškaraca) bila je 23,0 ± 4,7 godina, a prosječno vrijeme treniranja džuda bilo je 16,6 ± 3,9 godina. Profesionalni džudaši ostvarili su ukupno veći volumen treninga ako su u pauzama koristili rukavice za hlađenje, nego ako iste nisu koristili (37,2 (28,6 – 50,4) kJ vs. 35,1 (27,0 – 41,6) kJ, p = 0,016). Profesionalni džudaši u prosjeku nisu dulje vremena održali intenzitet vježbe na barem 85% RM1 u niti jednoj od serija ako su u pauzama koristili rukavice za hlađenje, nego ako iste nisu koristili (p = 0,652). Nadalje ispitanici su percipirali svaku seriju tjelovježbe kao podjednako umarajuću neovisno o tome jesu li trening radili s ili bez rukavice za hlađenje (p = 0,422). U džudaša koji imaju bolje sportske uspjehe nije uočena razlika u volumenu treninga uslijed korištenja rukavice u odnosu na džudaše s lošijim sportskim uspjesima (34,0 (25,1 – 48,7) kJ vs. 36,9 (35,1 – 40,1) kJ, p = 0,949).
Zaključak: Korištenje rukavica za hlađenje povećalo je ukupni volumen treninga na zračnom biciklu u profesionalnih džudaša, a percipirani umor nije pokazao ovisnost o primjeni rukavice za hlađenje.Objectives: To determine the effect of cooling on the core body temperature using cooling gloves on muscular endurance in professional judo athletes.
Subjects and methods: A total of 7 professional judo athletes were included in the research. The research was conducted as a randomized, crossover trial consisting of two training sessions on an air bike. Each workout consisted of four sets with a three-minute rest period. During the rest periods in one of the training sessions, the test subjects used a CoolMitt® glove for cooling, and in the other during the rest period, no technology was used. The main outcome of the study was the total training volume.
Results: The average age of seven professional judo athletes (2 women and 5 men) was 23.0 ± 4.7 years, and the average time of judo training was 16.6 ± 3.9 years. Professional judo athletes achieved a higher overall training volume if they used cooling gloves during breaks than if they did not (37.2 (28.6 – 50.4) kJ vs. 35.1 (27.0 – 41.6) kJ, p = 0.016). Professional judo athletes did not maintain the exercise intensity at least 85% of RM1 for a longer time in any of the sets if they used cooling gloves during the breaks than if they did not use them (p = 0.652). Furthermore, the subjects perceived each exercise series as equally tiring, regardless of whether they did the training with or without a cooling glove (p = 0.422). In judo athletes who have better sports success, no difference in training volume due to the use of gloves was observed in comparison to judo athletes with worse sports success (34.0 (25.1 - 48.7) kJ vs. 36.9 (35.1 - 40, 1) kJ, p = 0.949).
Conclusions: The use of cooling gloves increased the total training volume on the air bike in professional judo athletes, and perceived fatigue did not show dependence on glove use
BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF DIABETES AMONG NURSES IN KBC SPLIT
No full textCilj: Ispitivanje stavova i stupnja znanja medicinskih sestara/ tehničara, KBC-a Split, o šećernoj bolesti u svrhu
što bolje kvalitete života i skrbi oboljelih od šećerne bolesti.
Ispitanici i metode: Kao prikaz rezultata provedenog istraživanja koristile su grafičke i tabelarne metode te
metode deskriptivne statistike; aritmetička sredina kao srednja vrijednost, te standardna devijacija kao pokazatelja
odstupanja oko srednjih vrijednosti. Istraživanje je bilo vremenski ograničeno, anonimno i dobrovoljno, uz
prisutnost ispitivača. Anketirana skupina zaposlenici su određenih Klinika, Kliničkog bolničkog centra- Split
(n=194). Kao instrument ispitivanja koristio se anketni upitnik koji se sastojao od općih podataka, ispitivanja
stavova i čimbenika koji utječu na šećernu bolest te od ispitivanja osnovnog znanja o šećernoj bolesti.
Rezultati: Najveća razina znanja o čimbenicima koji utječu na šećernu bolest je utvrđena među ispitanicima sa
odjela vaskularne kirurgije gdje je utvrđena srednja razina 68,75 bodova sa prosječnim odstupanjem od aritmetičke
sredine 11,70 bodova, dok je najmanja razina utvrđena među ispitanicima koji nisu svrstani u klinike/zavode/odjele
kod kojih je srednja razina 46,11 bodova sa prosječnim odstupanjem od aritmetičke sredine 19,53. Najveća razina
znanja o šećernoj bolesti i specifičnostima inzulinske terapije, i oralnih antidijabetika, utvrđena je među
ispitanicima sa odjela vaskularne kirurgije gdje je utvrđena srednja razina 64,81 bod sa prosječnim odstupanjem
od aritmetičke sredine 13,26 bodova, dok je najmanja razina utvrđena među ispitanicima koji nisu svrstani u
klinike/zavode/odjele kod kojih je srednja razina 37,04 boda sa prosječnim odstupanjem od aritmetičke sredine
22,91 boda.
Zaključak: Prisutnost statistički značajnih razlika kod ispitivanja čimbenika koji utječu na šećernu bolest (F=3,42;
P=0,003), te znanja o šećernoj bolesti i primjeni ordinirane terapije (F=3,97; P<0,001), gdje su ispitanici
vaskularne kirurgije imali najbolju razinu znanja, sa oko 64 boda, ukazuje na prolazan ali nezadovoljavajuć stupanj
znanja ispitanika ostalih KlinikaAbstract:
Objective: Examining the attitudes and level of knowledge of nurses/technicians, KBC Split, about diabetes in
order to improve the quality of life and care of patients with diabetes.
Respondents and methods: Graphic and tabular methods and descriptive statistics methods were used to
present the results of the research; the arithmetic mean as the mean value, and the standard deviation as an
indicator of deviations around the mean values. The research was time-limited, anonymous and voluntary, with
the presence of the examiner. The surveyed group are employees of certain Clinics, Clinical Hospital Center -
Split (n=194). A survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument, which consisted of general data,
examination of attitudes and factors affecting diabetes, and examination of basic knowledge about diabetes.
Results: The highest level of knowledge about factors influencing diabetes was found among respondents from
the department of vascular surgery, where the average level was 68.75 points with an average deviation from the
arithmetic mean of 11.70 points, while the lowest level was found among respondents who were not classified in
clinics/institutes/departments where the mean level is 46.11 points with an average deviation from the arithmetic
mean of 19.53. The highest level of knowledge about diabetes and the specifics of insulin therapy and oral
antidiabetic drugs was found among respondents from the Department of Vascular Surery, where the mean level
was 64.81 points with an average deviation from the arithmetic mean of 13.26 points, while the lowest level was
found among respondents who are not classified in clinics/institutes/departments where the mean level is 37.04
points with an average deviation from the arithmetic mean of 22.91 points.
Conclusion: The presence of statistically significant differences when examining factors affecting diabetes
(F=3.42; P=0.003), and knowledge about diabetes and the use of prescribed therapy (F=3.97; P<0.001), where
the respondents vascular surgery had the best level of knowledge, with around 64 points, indicating a passable
but unsatisfactory level of knowledge of respondents from other Clinics