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Group A streptococcal infections: burden and public health significance during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textSažetak: Pojavom pandemije COVID-19 primjetan je pad respiratornih infekcija. Cilj ovoga rada jest prikazati incidenciju invazivnih i neinvazivnih bolesti uzrokovanih streptokokom skupine A u Hrvatskoj kroz tri godine prije pandemije (2017.-2019.) i tijekom tri godine pandemije (2020.-2022.). Studija je retrospektivna i uključuje sve bolesnike s dijagnosticiranom streptokoknom anginom, bakterijskim meningitisom, šarlahom, erizipelom i sepsom, upisane u Registar zaraznih bolesti Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo, kao i sve prijavljene epidemije uzrokovane ovim uzročnikom. Prije pandemije uočen je značajno veći broj prijavljenih streptokoknih angina, šarlaha i erizipela u odnosu na tri godine pandemije (p = 0,0086, p = 0,0276, p = 0,0017). U doba prije pandemije u streptokoknoj angini i šarlahu bila je primjetna sezonalnost. Najveći broj oboljelih od angine zabilježen je između rujna i prosinca (p = 0,0003), dok je vrhunac za šarlah zabilježen između siječnja i ožujka (p = 0,0039). Međutim, nije bilo značajne razlike u broju prijavljenih pacijenata za bakterijsku sepsu i meningitis uzrokovane piogenim streptokokom između dva promatrana razdoblja. Zabilježeno je ukupno 35 epidemija streptokokne angine s 277 oboljelih i šest epidemija šarlaha s 51 oboljelim, a većina epidemija bila je u dječjim vrtićima (33 s 293 oboljelih), zatim u obiteljima (šest s 20 oboljelih) i školama ( dva s 15 bolesnika). Iako je tijekom pandemijskih godina uočen značajno manji broj streptokoknih neinvazivnih infekcija, popuštanjem nefarmakoloških mjera za suzbijanje širenja COVID-19 postoji mogućnost porasta broja oboljelih. Stoga je potrebno pomno pratiti kretanje streptokoka. Kako se epidemije streptokokne angine i šarlaha najčešće bilježe u vrtićima, dobra edukacija zaposlenika vrtića, praćenje pobola od strane vrtićkoga zdravstvenog osoblja, brza komunikacija s nadležnim epidemiologom te suradnja u provođenju preventivnih protuepidemijskih mjera, važni su u prekidu širenja infekcije. Za razliku od drugih bolesti koje se mogu iskorijeniti cjepivima, trenutno ne postoje dostupna cjepiva za bolesti izazvane piogenim streptokokom te one i dalje predstavljaju značajan izazov za zdravstvene djelatnike.With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a noticeable decrease in respiratory infections. The aim of this paper is to show the incidence of invasive and non-invasive diseases caused by group A streptococcus in Croatia during the three years before the pandemic (2017-2019) and during the three years of the pandemic (2020-2022). The study is retrospective and includes all patients diagnosed with streptococcal angina, bacterial meningitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, and sepsis, registered in the Register of Infectious Diseases of the Croatian Institute of Public Health,as well as all reported outbreaks. Before the pandemic, a significantly higher number of reported streptococcal angina, scarlet fever and erysipelas was observed compared to the three years of the pandemic (p = 0.0086, p = 0.0276, p = 0.0017). In the pre-pandemic era, seasonality was noticeable in streptococcal angina and scarlet fever. The highest number of angina patients was recorded between September and December (p = 0.0003), while the peak for scarlet fever was recorded between January and March (p = 0.0039). However, there was no significant difference in the number of reported patients for bacterial sepsis and meningitis caused by pyogenic streptococcus between the two observed periods. A total of 35 epidemics of streptococcal angina with 277 patients and six epidemics of scarlet fever with 51 patients were recorded, and most of the epidemics were in kindergartens (33 with 293 patients), then in families (six with 20 patients) and schools (two with 15 patients). Although a significantly lower number of streptococcal non-invasive infections was observed during the pandemic, with the relaxation of non-pharmacological measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, there is a possibility of an increase in the number of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor the movement of streptococci. Since epidemics of streptococcal angina and scarlet fever are most often recorded in kindergartens, good education of kindergarten employees, monitoring of diseases by the kindergarten health staff, quick communication with the competent epidemiologist and cooperation in the implementation of preventive anti-epidemic measures are important in stopping the spread of infection. Unlike other diseases that can be eradicated by vaccines, there are currently no available vaccines for diseases caused by pyogenic streptococcus, and they continue to represent a significant challenge for health professionals
COMPARISON OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE PROSTATE 1.5T AND 3T
No full textIzvrsnim prikazom mekih tkiva i mogućnostima trodimenzionalnog prikaza magnetska rezonancija od svojih je početaka prije 40 godina do danas postala jedna od temeljnih dijagnostika u prikazu prostate i njezinih patoloških stanja. Iako je veća dostupnost uređaja za magnetsku rezonanciju snage polja 1.5T, preporuka Europskog udruženja urogenitalnih radiologa je da se snimanje prostate magnetskom rezonancijom vrši na uređajima snage polja 3T. Uređaji snage 3T nametnuli su se zbog povećanog omjera signala i šuma (SNR) koji se može iskoristi za skraćenje vremena snimanja ili povećanja rezolucije, tj. poboljšanja kvalitete slike. Sve je više istraživanja primjene kvantitativnih tehnika, kao što su engl. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting, T2 mapiranje, BOLD, kojima bi se mogla poboljšati detekcija i kvantificiranje lezija kracinoma prostate, a optimizacijom protokola na 1.5T i 3T moguće je učiniti pretrage jednake dijagnostičke vrijednosti.With its excellent display of soft tissues and the possibilities of three-dimensional display, magnetic resonance has become one of the fundamental diagnostics in the display of prostate and its pathological conditions since its beginnings 40 years ago. Although there is greater availability of devices for magnetic resonance with a field strength of 1.5T, the recommendation of the European Association of Urogenital Radiologists is that imaging of the prostate with magnetic resonance is performed on devices with a field strength of 3T. 3T devices were introduced due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be used to shorten recording time or increase resolution, i.e. improve image quality. There is more and more research into the application of quantitative techniques such as Magnetic resonance fingerprinting, T2 mapping, BOLD, which could improve the detection and quantification of prostate cancer lesions, and by optimizing the protocol at 1.5T and 3T it is possible to perform
exam of equal diagnostic value
Incidence of stroke in the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 period in the Department of Emergency Medicine of the Split-Dalmatia County
No full textCilj: Analizirati učestalost moždanih udara pri Zavodu za hitnu medicinu Splitsko-dalmatinske županije prije, tijekom
i nakon pandemije COVID-19, te utvrditi razlike u učestalosti s obzirom na vremensku odrednicu pojave COVID-19,
spol, dob i najzastupljeniji period u kalendarskoj godini.
Metode: U ovom presječnom istraživanju korišteni su podaci iz sustava e-Hitna Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Splitskodalmatinske županije. Kriterij uključenja u ovo istraživanje su bolesnici zaprimljeni u Zavod za hitnu medicinu
Splitsko-dalmatinske županije pod medicinskom dijagnozom moždanog udara u vremenskom razdoblju od 01. siječnja
2019. do 31. prosinca 2022. godine. Oboljeli su kategorizirani prema dobnim skupinama, spolu, mjesecu i godišnjem
dobu nastanka moždanog udara. Razlika između incidencije moždanog udara prije, tijekom ili nakon pandemije
COVID-19 je izračunata uporabom χ2 testa, a razina statističke značajnosti postavljena je na p<0,05.
Rezultati: Ovim istraživanjem ukupno je obuhvaćeno 3292 ispitanika. U 2019. godini broj oboljelih je bio 852, u
2020. je bio 760, u 2021. je bio 822, a u 2022. godini broj oboljelih je bio 858 (χ2=7,034, p=0,071). Tijekom svih
analiziranih godine oboljeli su najčešće bili ženskog spola te između 61-80 godina života.
Zaključci: Učestalost moždanih udara je manja tijekom pandemije COVID-19 u usporedbi s pretpandemijskom i
postpandemijskom godinom (χ2=7,034, p=0,071). Nema razlike između pripadnosti spolu i različitim dobnim
skupinama u oboljelih od moždanog udara prije, tijekom i nakon COVID-19 pandemije.Objective: To analyze the frequency of strokes at the Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County
before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the differences in stroke frequency based on time
periods, gender, age, and the most prevalent period within the calendar year.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the e-Hitna system of the Institute of Emergency Medicine of
Split-Dalmatia County. The inclusion criteria were patients admitted at the Institute of Emergency Medicine of SplitDalmatia County with a diagnosis of stroke in the time period from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022. The
patients were categorized by age group, gender, month, and season of stroke occurrence. The difference in stroke
incidence before, during, or after the COVID-19 pandemic was calculated using the χ2 test, and the level of statistical
significance was set at p<0.05.
Findings: This study included a total of 3292 participants. In the year 2019, the number of affected individuals was
852, in 2020 it was 760, in 2021 it was 822, and in the year 2022, the number of affected individuals was 858 (χ2 =
7.034, p = 0.071). Throughout all analyzed years, the affected individuals were most commonly female and between
61-80 years of age.
Conclusions: The frequency of strokes is lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic and
post-pandemic years (χ2 = 7.034, p = 0.071). There is no difference in gender and age group distribution among
individuals affected by stroke before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
The contribution of personal characteristics and compassion to patients to burnout levels in nurses
No full textCiljevi. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi stupnjeve sagorijevanja na poslu i razine suosjećanja na čitavoj skali i na pojedinačnim podskalama (izbjegavanje ravnodušnosti, humanost, usredotočena svjesnost i ljubaznost) kod medicinskih sestara/tehničara i ispitati odnos sagorijevanja na poslu sa stupnjem suosjećanja prema drugima i sociodemografskim obilježjima ispitanika.
Metode. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 130 medicinskih sestara/tehničara zaposlenih u KBC-u Split prosječne dobi 33.56 godina i 12.5 godina radnog staža, od kojih je 88.5% bilo ženskog spola. Najveći broj ispitanika je u vrijeme istraživanja bio u bračnoj/izvanbračnoj zajednici (56.2%), oko 40% nisu bili u braku, dok je najmanji broj ispitanika bio razveden ili im je partner preminuo (6.2%). Oko 44% ispitanika nema djece, dok većina ostalih ima jedno ili dva djeteta. Oko 11% ispitanika ima troje i više djece. Korišteni su sljedeći upitnici: Upitnik sagorijevanja na poslu, Skala suosjećajnosti i Upitnik o općim podatcima
Rezultati. Vlastito suosjećanje prema pacijentima ispitanici procjenjuju umjerenim do visokim ocjenama gdje je najveći izuzetak skala suosjećanja – izbjegavanje ravnodušnosti sa standardnim odstupanjem od 3,49. Stupanj sagorijevanja je izražen u umjerenom stupnju sa prosječnim rezultatom od 30,37 i odstupanjem od 8,77. Ispitanici u različitim kategorijama bračnog statusa se međusobno značajno razlikuju (F=4.69, p=0.011), pri čemu najviše stupnjeve sagorijevanja imaju osobe koje nisu u braku (M=33.27, SD=9.34). Značajno višu razinu sagorijevanja imaju ispitanici koji nisu u braku od ispitanika koji su u braku (p=0.011), dok između ostalih skupina statistički značajna razlika nije utvrđena. Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u sagorijevanju između muškaraca i žena (p=0.34). Dob ispitanika je značajno pozitivno povezana s godinama radnog staža i brojem djece. Ispitanici starije kronološke dobi imaju više godina radnog staža i veći broj djece u odnosu na mlađe ispitanike. Dimenzije suosjećanja (izbjegavanje ravnodušnosti, humanost, usredotočena svjesnost i ljubaznost) međusobno su povezane u umjerenom stupnju te su značajno pozitivno povezane s ukupnim rezultatom na Skali suosjećanja. Dakle, medicinske sestre koje su usredotočene na pacijente, prema njima se humano i ljubazno odnose te ne pokazuju ravnodušnost općenito postižu više bodove na skali suosjećanja. Medicinske sestre koje ne pokazuju ravnodušnost, koje su više usredotočene na pacijente i više koriste suosjećajnu zdravstvenu skrb imaju niže razine sagorijevanja na poslu. Regresijski koeficijent ukazuje da se na osnovi iskazane suosjećajne skrbi može predvidjeti stupanj sagorijevanja što upućuje na zaključak da suosjećajna skrb ima zaštitni učinak prema sagorijevanju na poslu (β=-0.24, p<0.008). Više stupnjeve sagorijevanja na poslu moguće je predvidjeti kod zdravstvenih djelatnika koji su manje usredotočeni na svoje pacijente, koji manji broj vlastite djece i kod onih s više radnog staža. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na kombinirani utjecaj osobnih čimbenika i odnosa prema pacijentima na vjerojatnost sagorijevanja na poslu.
Zaključak. Medicinske sestre/tehničari doživljavaju umjerenu količinu sagorijevanja na poslu i umjerene do visoke stupnjeve suosjećanja. Veće stupnjeve sagorijevanja na poslu imaju zdravstveni djelatnici koji su manje usredotočeni na svoje pacijente, koji imaju manji broj vlastite djece i imaju više radnog staža.Summary: Aims. The objectives of this study were to determine the burnout level at work and the level of compassion on the whole scale and on individual sub-scales (avoiding indifference, humanity, focused awareness and kindness) in nurses/technicians and examine the relationship of burnout at work with the degree of compassion for others and socio-demographic characteristics of the subject.
Methods. The study involved 130 nurses/technicians employed at Clinical Hospital Centre Split with an average age of 33.56 years and 12.5 years of service, of which 88.5% were female. The largest number of respondents were in marital/non-marital union at the time of the study (56.2%), about 40% were not married, while the smallest number of respondents were divorced or their partner died (6.2%). About 44% of the respondents have no children, while most of the others have one or two children. About 11% of respondents have three or more children. The following questionnaires were used: Workplace Burnout Intensity Questionnaire, Compassion Scale and General data questionnaire
Results. Respondents estimate their own compassion for patients with moderate to high grades, where the greatest exception is the compassion scale – avoiding indifference with a standard deviation of 3.49. The level of burnout is expressed in a moderate degree with an average score of 30.37 and a deviation of 8.77. Subjects in different categories of marital status differ significantly from one another (F = 4.69, p = 0.011), where people who are unmarried experience the highest level of burnout (M = 33.27, SD = 9.34). There is a significantly higher level of burnout for single subjects than married ones (p = 0.011), while amongst other groups a statistically significant difference has not been established. No significant difference of burnout between males and females was found (p = 0.34). The age of the subject is significantly positively related to years of service and the number of children. Subjects who are of a older chronological age have more years of service and more children than younger subjects. The dimensions of compassion (avoiding indifference, humanity, focused awareness and kindness) are interconnected to a moderate degree and are significantly positively linked to the overall result on the compassion scale. Thus, nurses who focus on patients, treat them humanely, treat them with kindness and do not show apathy generally score higher points on the compassion scale. Nurses who don't show apathy, who focus more on patients and use empathetic health care, have lower levels of burnout at work. Regression coefficient indicates that based on the compassionate care shown, the level of burnout can be predicted, which suggests that compassionate care has a protective effect towards burnout at work (β = -0.24, p < 0.008). Higher levels of burnout at work can be predicted in healthcare professionals who are less focused on their patients, who have fewer children of their own and those with more work experience. These results indicate the combined impact of personal factors and patient relationships on the likelihood of burnout at work.
Conclusion. Nurses/technicians experience moderate burnout at work and moderate to high levels of compassion. Higher levels of burnout at work are experienced by health professionals who are less focused on their patients, who have fewer children of their own and have more seniority
The association between sleep quality and excessive use of smartphones in health studies students
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost kvalitete sna i prekomjernog korištenja pametnih telefona kod
studenata zdravstvenih studija. Istraživanje je također htjelo ispitati postojanje razlika u prekomjernom korištenju
pametnih telefona kod studenata različitih studijskih godina i studijskih smjerova te po dobi i spolu te rizik za
razvijanje ovisnosti o pametnim telefonima. U ovom istraživanju sudjelovao je 261 student. Provedenim
istraživanjem utvrđeno je kako korištenje pametnih telefona ima značajan utjecaj na kvalitetu sna i spavanje.
Također, rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako je skoro polovina ispitanih studenata ovisna o svom pametnom
telefonu. Nadalje, mlađi studenti te studenti prve godine studija imaju povećan rizik za razvoj ovisnosti o pametnom
telefonu zbog toga što pametne telefone koriste duže od planiranog te tako imaju negativan utjecaj na kvalitetu sna.
Najoptimalnije korištenje pametnih telefona zabilježeno je među studentima fizioterapije gdje nije uočena ovisnost o
pametnim telefonima, dok s druge strane studenti sestrinstva pokazuju najveću ovisnost o svom pametnom telefonu
te isto tako imaju i najveći rizik za razvoj ovisnosti.This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and excessive use of smartphones in health
students. The research also wanted to examine the existence of differences in the excessive use of smartphones
among students of different study years and majors, as well as by age and gender, and the risk of developing
smartphone addiction. 261 students participated in this research. The conducted research found that the use of
smartphones has a very large impact on the quality of sleep and sleep. Also, the research results showed that almost
half of the surveyed students are addicted to their smartphones. Furthermore, younger students and students in their
first year of study have the greatest development of smartphone addiction because they use smartphones longer than
planned thus hurting the quality of sleep. The most optimal use of smartphones was recorded among physiotherapy
students where no smartphone addiction was observed while on the other hand, nursing students show the highest
addiction to their smartphone and have the highest risk of developing an addiction
Nursing care for a stroke patient after a thrombectomy procedure: A case report
No full textCILJ: Cilj završnog rada je prikazati zbrinjavanje i skrb za bolesnika s dijagnozom akutnog ishemijskog moždanog udara kroz proves zdravstvene njege i sestrinske skrbi. U radu će se prikazati zbrinjavanje bolesnika prije i nakon postupka trombektomije te edukacija bolesnika u svrhu sprječavanja ponovljenog moždanog udara.
RASPRAVA: Bolesnik B.B., 73 godine, 19. ožujka 2023. godine dolazi u hitni prijem Kliničkog bolničkog centra (KBC) Split radi nastupa slabosti desnih udova uz smetnje govora. U hitnoj službi je učinjena kompjutorizirana tomografija (CT) kojom se ne vidi nijedan oblik intrakranijalnog krvarenja, dok se lijevo parijetalno-okcipitalno vidi hipodenzno područje koje odgovara početnoj demarkacije ishemijskog područja te se postavlja indikacija za provođenjem postupka aspiracijske trombektomije. Medicinske sestre predviđaju potrebe bolesnika, prepoznaju moguće komplikacije zahvata i održavaju sigurnost bolesnika. Tijekom postupka mehaničke trombektomije, medicinska sestra ima ključnu ulogu u procjeni prevencije, ranoj identifikaciji i praćenju eventualnih znakova neurološkog pogoršanja, primjeni proceduralnih lijekova, pravilnoj dokumentaciji postupka. Bolesnik je pri prijemu u neurološku jedinicu intenzivnog liječenja pri svijesti, hipertenzivan, žali se na bol na mjestu provedenog zahvata. Medicinska sestra je bolesnika priključila na monitor uz preporuke praćenja vitalnih funkcija. Medicinska sestra postavlja sestrinske dijagnoze i kroz proces zdravstvene njege provodi sestrinsku skrb.
ZAKLJUČAK: Cerebrovaskularni inzult, poznatiji kao moždani udar, općenito se klasificira kao ishemijski ili hemoragijski. U obje kategorije, rezultat je gubitak protoka krvi, hranjivih tvari i kisika u području mozga, što rezultira oštećenjem neurona i posljedičnim neurološkim deficitima. U završnom radu je prikazan slučaj 73-godišnjeg bolesnika kojem je u hitnoj službi KBC-a Split dijagnosticiran cerebralni infarkt zbog tromboze cerebralnih arterija te je postavljena indikacija za aspiracijsku tombektomiju. Bolesnik je dobrog općeg stanja, uz povlačenje simptoma moždanog udara otpušten na kućnu njegu.AIM: The aim of the final paper is to present the treatment and care for a patient with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke through tests of health care and nursing care. The paper will present patient care before and after the thrombectomy procedure, and patient education for the purpose of preventing repeated strokes.
DISCUSSION: Patient B.B., 73 years old, came to the emergency department of the Clinical Hospital Center (KBC) Split on March 19, 2023 due to the onset of weakness in the right limbs with speech disorders. In the emergency department, a computed tomography (CT) was performed, which did not show any form of intracranial bleeding, while a hypodense area was seen in the left parietal-occipital area, which corresponds to the initial demarcation of the ischemic area, and an indication was set for performing the aspiration thrombectomy procedure. Nurses anticipate the needs of patients, recognize possible complications of procedures and maintain patient safety. During the mechanical thrombectomy procedure, the nurse plays a key role in the assessment of prevention, early identification and monitoring of possible signs of neurological deterioration, application of procedural drugs, proper documentation of the procedure. The patient is conscious, hypertensive, and complains of pain on admission to the neurological intensive care unit. place of the procedure. The nurse connected the patient to a monitor with recommendations for monitoring vital functions. The nurse makes nursing diagnoses and provides nursing care through the health care process.
CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrovascular insult, commonly known as stroke, is generally classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. In both categories, the result is a loss of blood flow, nutrients and oxygen to the brain area, resulting in neuronal damage and consequent neurological deficits. The final paper presents the case of a 73-year-old patient who was diagnosed with cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of the cerebral arteries in the emergency department of KBC Split, and an indication for aspiration tombectomy was set. The patient is in a good general condition, with the withdrawal of stroke symptoms and was discharged to home care
Health care of a patient with epistaxis
No full textZdravstvena njega pacijenta s epistaksom, ili krvarenjem iz nosa, ima ključnu ulogu u pružanju pravilne skrbi i olakšavanju simptoma ovog čestog medicinskog problema. Pristup njezi ovih pacijenata zahtijeva pažljivu procjenu, pružanje prve pomoći, edukaciju te podršku u prevenciji ponovnih epizoda. Nakon pažljive procjene pacijenta, medicinska sestra može pružiti prvu pomoć, uključujući upute pacijentima o pravilnom pritisku na nosnice i naginjanju glave naprijed kako bi se zaustavilo krvarenje. Medicinska sestra također igra važnu ulogu u edukaciji pacijenata o čimbenicima rizika i prevenciji epistakse, uključujući održavanje vlažnosti zraka i izbjegavanje iritanata. U slučajevima težih epizoda, medicinska sestra može pružiti podršku liječnicima tijekom postupka poput kauterizacije ili tamponade kako bi zaustavila krvarenje. Tijekom cijelog procesa, medicinska sestra osigurava emocionalnu podršku pacijentima, smirujući ih i objašnjavajući postupke kako bi im olakšala nelagodu. Kroz svoju stručnost, empatiju i sposobnost pružanja podrške, medicinska sestra ima ključnu ulogu u osiguranju sveobuhvatne njege pacijenta s epistaksom. Osigurava njezin doprinos pacijentima optimalnu skrb i pomaže u prevenciji ponovnih epizoda krvarenja iz nosa.Nursing a patient with epistaxis, or nosebleeds, plays a key role in providing proper care and relieving the symptoms of this common medical problem. The approach to the care of these patients requires careful assessment, first aid, education and support in the prevention of repeated episodes. After careful assessment of the patient, the nurse can provide first aid, including instructing the patient on proper pressure on the nostrils and tilting the head forward to stop the bleeding.The nurse also plays an important role in educating patients about risk factors and prevention of epistaxis, including maintaining humidity and avoiding irritants .In cases of more severe episodes, the nurse can support the doctors during a procedure such as cauterization or tamponade to stop the bleeding. Throughout the process, the nurse provides emotional support to patients, calming them down and explaining procedures to ease their discomfort. Through her expertise, empathy and ability to provide support, the nurse plays a key role in providing comprehensive care for the epistaxis patient. It ensures its contribution to patients optimal care and helps prevent repeated episodes of nosebleeds
Diagnostic significance of cortisol determination in saliva sample
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog rada je istražiti razliku u koncentraciji kortizola u slini između bolesnika s dijagnozom
OLP-a u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu ispitanika te vidjeti postoji li razlika u koncentraciji salivarnog
kortizola između muškaraca i žena.
Materijali i metode: Materijal koji se koristio u analizi je uzorak sline. Istraživanje se sastojalo od 60
ispitanika. Njih 30 imalo je oralni linchen planus (OLP), dok je drugih 30 bilo kontrolna skupina.
Prikupljeni su uzorci sline i analizirani su imunokemijskom ELISA metodom. Iz dobivenih podataka
napravljena je statistička analiza.
Rezultati: U ovom istraživanju uspoređena je koncentracija salivarnog kortizola između dvije skupine
ispitanika te razlika u koncentraciji po spolu. Napravljena je njihova usporedba i dobivena je slabo
pozitivna korelacija.
Zaključak: Statistička analiza pokazala je da nema značajne razlike u koncentracijama kortizola OLP
bolesnika i kontrolne skupine te da postoji slaba povezanostObjectives: The main goal of this work is the difference in the concentration of cortisol in the saliva of
patients diagnosed with OLP compared to the control group of the investigated subjects and see if there is
a difference in salivary cortisol concentration between men and women.
Material and methods: The material used in the analysis of the image sample. The survey consisted of 60
respondents. 30 of them had oral lynchen planus (OLP), while the other 30 were the control group.
Saliva samples were collected and analyzed by immunochemical ELISA method. A statistical analysis was
made from the obtained dana.
Results: In this study, the concentration of salivary cortisol was compared between two groups of subjects
and the difference in concentration by gender. Their comparison was made and a slightly positive
correlation was obtained.
Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in cortisol concentrations of
OLP patients and control groups and that there is a weak connectio
Aspect of nursing care for patients undergoing surgery for infective endocarditis
No full textInfektivni endokarditis ostaje rijetko stanje, ali ono s visokim povezanim morbiditetom i
smrtnošću. Sa starenjem stanovništva i sve većom upotrebom implantabilnih srčanih uređaja i srčanih
zalistaka, epidemiologija infektivnog endokarditisa se promijenila. Rana klinička sumnja i brza dijagnoza
ključni su kako bi se omogućio pristup ispravnim putovima liječenja i smanjila stopa komplikacija i
smrtnosti. Klinička prezentacija infektivnog endokarditisa vrlo je promjenjiva i može predstavljati akutno,
subakutno ili kronično stanje koje odražava promjenjive uzročne mikroorganizme, temeljna srčana stanja i
već postojeće komorbiditete. Kod većine bolesnika prisutno je s vrućicom, noćnim znojenjem, umorom te
gubitkom težine i apetita. Dijagnozu infektivnog endokarditisa kod kardiokirurških bolesnika treba pažljivo
razmotriti kod onih koji imaju predisponirajuće čimbenike rizika, šum na srcu, vaskularne i emboličke
pojave povezane s infektivnim endokarditisom Antimikrobna terapija općenito se ne bi trebala započinjati
dok se ne uzmu tri skupa krvnih kultura. Aspekti sestrinske skrbi vežu se dobroj procijeni, detaljnoj
sestrinskoj anamnezi te pravovremenom reagiranju na sve patološke promijene nakon kardiokirurškog
zahvata. Izradom plana zdravstvene njege sestra prevenira moguće neželjene događaje koji mogu ugroziti
život bolesnika i osigurava oporavak bolesnika.Infective endocarditis remains a rare condition, but one with high associated morbidity and
mortality. With the aging of the population and the increasing use of implantable cardiac devices and heart
valves, the epidemiology of infective endocarditis has changed. Early clinical suspicion and rapid diagnosis
are crucial to enable access to the correct treatment pathways and reduce the rate of complications and
mortality. The clinical presentation of infective endocarditis is highly variable and may present as an acute,
subacute, or chronic condition that reflects changing causative microorganisms, underlying cardiac
conditions, and preexisting comorbidities. In most patients, it is present with fever, night sweats, fatigue,
and loss of weight and appetite. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis in cardiac surgical patients should
be carefully considered in those with predisposing risk factors, heart murmurs, vasculitis and embolic
events associated with infective endocarditis Antimicrobial therapy should generally not be initiated until
three sets of blood cultures have been obtained. Aspects of nursing care are related to good assessment,
detailed nursing anamnesis and timely response to all pathological changes after cardiac surgery. By
creating a health care plan, the nurse prevents possible unwanted events that may threaten the patient's life
and ensures the patient's recover
Nursing students' attitudes about elderly people in relation to attending the elective course "Geriatric medicine", age and gender
No full textCilj: Ispitati stavove studenata sestrinstva o starijim osobama ovisno o tome jesu li pohađali izborni predmet Gerijatriju.
Metode i ispitanici: Ispitivanje je provedeno u studenom i prosincu 2022. godine sa studentima sestrinstva nakon odslušanog predmeta Gerijatrija 2022./23. akademske godine i studentima koji su s diplomskog studija sestrinstva (1. i 2. godina), a nisu odslušali predmet Gerijatriju na Sveučilišnom odjelu zdravstvenih studija u Splitu (SOZS). Korišteni su upitnici: TEST – SKALA O ZNAČENJU VAŠEG STAVA O STARIJOJ OSOBI (semantički diferencijal) i Upitnik o socio-demografskim obilježjima ispitanika.
Rezultati: Za potrebe izrade empirijskog dijela ovog rada provedeno je anketiranje među 100 studenata sestrinstva te je dobiveno 76 valjano ispunjenih upitnika. Rezultati su pokazali da je razina stava o zaboravnosti starijih osoba veća u ispitanika koji su pohađali predmet Gerijatrija u odnose na one koji nisu pohađali predmet Gerijatriju te je ispitivanjem utvrđena prisutnost statistički
značajne razlike. Ispitanici kojih su pohađali predmet Gerijatriju u većoj mjeri smatraju da su starije osobe usporene, te je razina navedenog stava veća u odnosu na stav ispitanika koji nisu pohađali taj predmet. Ispitivanjem je utvrđena prisutnost statistički značajne razlike u razini percipirane usporenosti starijih osoba, u odnosu na pohađanje predmeta Gerijatrije. Također je utvrđena veća razina stava kako su starije osobe iskusne kod ispitanika koji su pohađali predmet Gerijatriju u odnosu na razinu stava utvrđenu kod ispitanika koji nisu pohađali Gerijatriju. Ispitivanjem razlika u ostalim stavovima prema starijim osobama u odnosu na pohađanje predmeta Gerijatrije nije utvrđena prisutnost statistički značajne razlike.
Zaključci: Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je kako postoje razlike u stavovima prema starijim osobama u odnosu na studente koji su pohađali predmet Gerijatriju i one studente koji nisu pohađali predmet Gerijatriju, što upućuje na potrebu izmjene kurikula predmeta Gerijatrije dodatno sa sadržajem Gerontologije i obavljanjem vježbi studenata u izvaninstitucijskoj skrbi gdje se nalaze zdrave, funkcionalno samostalne i aktivne starije osobe.Objective: To examine the attitudes of nursing students about the elderly depending on whether they attended the elective course of geriatrics medicine.
Methods and respondents:. The examination was conducted in November and December 2022 with nursing students after the geriatrics course 2022/23. academic year at University Department for Health Studies, University of Split (SOZS) and students who are from graduate studies in nursing (1st and 2nd year) and have not taken the geriatrics course. Questionnaires were used: Test - scale on the meaning of your attitude about the elderly person (semantic differential) and Questionnaire on the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents.
Results: For the purposes of creating the empirical part of this paper, a survey was conducted among 100 nursing students and 76 validly filled questionnaires were obtained. The results showed that the level of attitude about the forgetfulness of the elderly is higher in respondents who attended the Geriatrics medicine course compared to those who did not attend the Geriatrics course, and the examination established the presence of a statistically significant difference. Respondents who attended the Geriatrics medicine course to a greater extent believe that older people are slow, and the level of the stated attitude is higher compared to the attitude of respondents who did not attend the course. The examination established the presence of a statistically significant difference in the level of perceived slowness of elderly people with regard to attendance at the Geriatrics medicine course. Also, a higher level of the attitude that elderly people are experienced was found among respondents who attended the Geriatrics course compared to the level of attitude determined among respondents who did not attend Geriatrics medicine. Examining the differences in the other examined attitudes towards the
elderly with regard to attending the Geriatrics medicine course did not establish the presence of a statistically significant difference.
Conclusions: This research has shown that there are differences in the attitudes towards older people in relation to students who attended the Geriatrics course and those students who did not attend the Geriatrics medicine course, which points to a change in the curriculum of the Geriatrics medicine course with additional content of Gerontology and the performance of student exercises in extra-institutional centers care where healthy, functionally independent and active elderly people are located