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Comparison of the concentration of tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) with pathohistological diagnosis
No full textTumorski biljezi, poput karcinoembrionalnog antigena (CEA) i karbohidratnog antigena 19-9 (CA 19-9), često se koriste u dijagnostici i praćenju pacijenata s karcinomom debelog crijeva. Iako mogu ukazivati na prisutnost malignog procesa, njihova specifičnost i osjetljivost nisu dovoljni za postavljanje konačne dijagnoze, budući da povišene vrijednosti mogu biti prisutne i kod benignih stanja, upalnih reakcija ili drugih malignih bolesti.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati koncentracije CEA i CA 19-9 u serumu 35 pacijenata s karcinomom debelog crijeva te ih usporediti s nalazima patohistološke dijagnostike. Uzorci krvi uzeti su prije patohistološke obrade tkiva. Rezultati su pokazali povišene vrijednosti tumorskih biljega kod 9 pacijenata, što može upućivati na prisutnost tumorskog procesa, ali ne isključuje druge moguće uzroke.
Iako tumorski biljezi mogu biti korisni u praćenju progresije bolesti i mogućem metastaziranju, njihova dijagnostička vrijednost je ograničena. Stoga ostaju samo dopunska metoda uz standardnu patohistološku analizu, koja ostaje zlatni standard za potvrdu dijagnoze karcinoma debelog crijeva. Kombinacija tumorskih biljega i histološke analize ključna je za preciznu dijagnostiku i optimalno upravljanje liječenjem pacijenata.Tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), are often used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer. Although they may indicate the presence of a malignant process, their specificity and sensitivity are not sufficient for establishing a definitive diagnosis, as elevated levels can also be present in benign conditions, inflammatory reactions, or other malignant diseases.
The aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations of CEA and CA 19-9 in the serum of 35 patients with colorectal cancer and compare them with histopathological diagnostic findings. Blood samples were taken before the histopathological analysis of tissue. The results showed elevated tumor marker levels in 9 patients, which may suggest the presence of a tumor process but does not exclude other possible causes.
Although tumor markers can be useful in monitoring disease progression and potential metastasis, their diagnostic value is limited. Therefore, they remain only a supplementary method alongside standard histopathological analysis, which remains the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The combination of tumor markers and histological analysis is essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management
Obesity prevalence and associated risk factors in high school children
No full textCILJ: Analizirati prevalenciju prekomjerne tjelesne težine kod srednjoškolaca u Hrvatskoj te istražiti čimbenike rizika za razvoj prekomjerne tjelesne težine.
METODE: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 344 djece srednjoškolske dobi te njihovi roditelji. Podaci su prikupljeni putem anonimnog upitnika kojeg su popunjavali roditelji. Upitnik se sastojao od 3 dijela. U prvom dijelu prikupljene su opće informacije o ispitanicima, u drugom dijelu informacije o prehrambenim navikama ispitanika te pridržavanju principa mediteranske prehrane preko KIDMED upitnika, te u trećem dijelu navike tjelesne aktivnosti ispitanika.
REZULTATI: U istraživanju je pronađena statistički značajna povezanost između spola djeteta, prosjeka ocjena, bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnosti, preskakanja doručka i debljine srednjoškolaca. Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost KIDMED indeksa i debljine srednjoškolaca.
ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na važnost redovitog doručka i bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnosti u svrhu prevencije debljine, te na rizične čimbenike za razvoj debljine poput muškog spola. Važno je provoditi programe prevencije i edukacije srednjoškolaca, te aktivno raditi na smanjenju prevalencije debljine adolescenata.AIM: To analyse the prevalence of obesity in Croatian high schoolers and identify associated risk factors for the development of obesity.
METHODS: The study included 344 high school-aged children and their parents. Data was collected through an anonymous questionnaire completed by the parents. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section gathered general information about the participants, the second section focused on dietary habits and adherence to the principles of the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, and the third part examined the physical activity habits of the participants.
RESULTS: A statistical significance was found for the child's gender, average grade point, engagement in physical activity, and skipping breakfast. There was no statistical significance found between KIDMED index and obesity among high school students.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight the importance of regular breakfast and physical activity in preventing obesity, as well as risk factors such as male gender for the development of obesity. It is essential to implement prevention and education programs for high school students and actively work on reducing the prevalence of adolescent obesity
Nursing care for a patient with tuberculosis
No full textTuberkuloza je zarazna bolest koja, unatoč dostupnosti terapije, i dalje predstavlja značajan globalni javnozdravstveni
problem. U Republici Hrvatskoj zabilježen je pad incidencije, no prisutne su regionalne razlike i izazovi u
pravovremenoj dijagnostici. Cilj rada je bio prikazati specifičnosti sestrinske skrbi za bolesnike oboljele od plućne
tuberkuloze, uz naglasak na edukaciju, provedbu terapije i mjere prevencije. Prikazana je etiologija, klinička slika,
dijagnostički postupci i terapijski protokoli u liječenju tuberkuloze, kao i važnost cijepljenja BCG cjepivom.
Rasprava uključuje prikaz ključnih sestrinskih intervencija, poput pravilnog uzorkovanja iskašljaja, edukacije pacijenta
o terapiji i higijenskim mjerama, osiguravanja emocionalne podrške te sprječavanja širenja infekcije u zdravstvenim
ustanovama i zajednici. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na važnost suradnje pacijenta, kontinuiranog praćenja simptoma
i pravilnog uzimanja terapije. Medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu u komunikaciji, individualizaciji skrbi te prevenciji
stigmatizacije pacijenata.
Zaključno, sestrinska skrb za bolesnike s tuberkulozom zahtijeva sveobuhvatan i multidisciplinaran pristup.
Medicinska sestra djeluje kao edukator, podrška i ključna karika u sustavu sprječavanja širenja bolesti, čime doprinosi
i individualnom ozdravljenju i javnozdravstvenoj sigurnosti.Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that, despite the availability of treatment, continues to pose a significant global
public health issue. In the Republic of Croatia, the incidence rate has declined, yet regional differences and challenges
in timely diagnosis remain. The aim of this paper was to present the specific aspects of nursing care for patients with
pulmonary tuberculosis, with emphasis on education, implementation of therapy, and preventive measures. The paper
outlines the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic protocols for tuberculosis, as well
as the importance of BCG vaccination.
The discussion includes key nursing interventions such as proper sputum collection, patient education regarding
therapy and hygiene, emotional support, and the prevention of infection spread in healthcare settings and the
community. Special attention is given to patient cooperation, continuous monitoring of symptoms and adherence to
prescribed therapy. The nurse plays a crucial role in communication, individualized care, and reducing the stigma
associated with the disease.
In conclusion, nursing care for patients with tuberculosis requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach.
The nurse acts as an educator, support provider, and a key link in the system of disease prevention, thereby contributing
to both individual recovery and public health safety
Nursing roles in ostomy-related problems and their impact on quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer and stoma
No full textUvod: Kolorektalni karcinom jedan je od najučestalijih oblika raka širom svijeta s visokom stopom incidencije i mortaliteta. Mnogi pacijenti s kolorektalnim karcinomom suočavaju se s nužnošću kirurških zahvata koji često uključuju izvođenje stome. Ova medicinska intervencija, iako spašava život, donosi sa sobom brojne fizičke i psihološke izazove za pacijente, te zahtijeva prilagodbu na nove životne okolnosti. Upravo u tom kontekstu, uloga medicinske sestre postaje ključna u rješavanju problema sa stomom i poboljšanju kvalitete života oboljelih.
Cilj rada: Prikazati da edukacija i čak telefonska konzultacija bolesnika i obitelji oko njege stome može dovesti do pozitivnih učinaka na kvalitetu života bolesnika.
Metode:Nakon odobrenja etičkog povjerenstva KBC Split proveli smo prospektivno kohortno istraživanje. Preko elektronske baze podataka KBC Split, definirali smo 50 izabranih bolesnika operiranih od kolorektalnog karcinoma s formiranom stomom. Pacijente se kontaktiralo telefonski, ponovljen i objašnjen tretman njege stome, te ih se ponovno kontaktiralo nakon mjesec dana ukoliko se oni nisu sami javili. Pri provođenju ispitivanja korišten je Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wilcoxon test i T-test.
Rezultati: Prema spolu promatranih pacijenata veći je broj muškaraca starosne dobi 61 god. kojih je 35 (70,00%), te ih je 2,33 puta veći broj u odnosu na zastupljenost žena kojih je 15 (30,00%), te je ispitivanjem utvrđena prisutnost statistički značajne razlike u zastupljenosti pacijenata prema spolu (χ2=8,00; P<0,001). Razlika između prije i poslije konzultacija je smanjenje od 1,88 bodova, te je pad statistički značajan (T=5,22; P<0,001), odnosno utvrđeno je značajno smanjenje prisutnosti poteškoća zbog stome nakon konzultacija dok kvaliteta života statistički značajno raste.
Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da edukacija koju medicinske sestre pružaju igra vitalnu ulogu u osnaživanju pacijenata, omogućujući im da postanu aktivni sudionici u vlastitom liječenju i prilagodbi na novu situaciju. Jedan od ključnih nalaza istraživanja jest da je nakon konzultacija s medicinskom sestrom došlo do značajnog smanjenja prisutnosti poteškoća povezanih sa stomom, što se izravno odrazilo na poboljšanje kvalitete života pacijenata.Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Many patients with colorectal cancer face the necessity of surgical procedures, which often include the creation of a stoma. This medical intervention, although life-saving, brings with it numerous physical and psychological challenges for patients, and requires adaptation to new life circumstances. It is in this context that the role of the nurse becomes crucial in solving stoma problems and improving the quality of life of patients.
Aim: To show that education and even telephone consultation of patients and families about stoma care can lead to positive effects on the patient's quality of life.
Methods: After the approval of the KBC Split ethics committee, we conducted a prospective cohort study. Through the KBC Split electronic database, we defined 50 selected patients operated on for colorectal cancer with a formed stoma. The patients were contacted by phone, the stoma care treatment was repeated and explained, and they were contacted again after a month if they did not contact themselves. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Wilcoxon test and the T-test were used during the test.
Results: According to the gender of the observed patients, there is a greater number of men aged 61 years. of which there are 35 (70.00%), and their number is 2.33 times higher compared to the representation of women, which is 15 (30.00%), and the examination established the presence of a statistically significant difference in the representation of patients by gender (χ2= 8.00; P<0.001). The difference between before and after the consultation is a decrease of 1.88 points, and the decrease is statistically significant (T=5.22; P<0.001), that is, a significant decrease in the presence of difficulties due to stoma after the consultation was found, while the quality of life increases statistically significantly.
Conclusion: The study showed that the education provided by nurses to patients enables them to become active participants in their own treatment and adaptation to the new situation. One of the key findings of the study is that after consultations with a nurse, there was a significant reduction in the presence of stoma-related difficulties, which directly reflected in the improvement of patients' quality of life
Justification of the use of skin markers in improving the interpretation of mammography radiological findings
No full textMamografija je dijagnostička metoda koja se koristi za rano otkrivanje i dijagnosticiranje bolesti dojki, posebice raka dojke. Pravovremena detekcija malignih promjena značajno poboljšava stopu preživljavanja pacijentica, što mamografiju čini ključnim dijelom zdravstvene skrbi žena. Međutim, interpretacija mamografskih nalaza može biti otežana prisutnošću kožnih promjena, poput madeža, ožiljaka ili kalcifikacija, koje mogu imitirati patološke promjene i dovesti do lažno pozitivnih rezultata. U tom kontekstu, primjena kožnih markera postaje važan dijagnostički alat koji može poboljšati preciznost očitavanja nalaza i smanjiti potrebu za dodatnim pretragama.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi dijagnostičku vrijednost primjene kožnih markera u mamografiji dojki kod pacijentica s prisutnim kožnim promjenama, kao što su madeži, ožiljci, kožne izrasline (npr. fibromi, papilomi) ili asimetrični položaj bradavica. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 120 pacijentica koje su tijekom 2023. i 2024. godine obavile mamografski pregled te su imale vidljive kožne promjene na dojkama. Podaci su prikupljeni iz bolničkog informacijskog sustava i uključivali su parametre poput dobi, gustoće dojki, BI-RADS klasifikacije, prisutnosti suspektne lezije ispod kožne promjene te preporuke za dodatne dijagnostičke postupke.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da postavljanje kožnih markera omogućuje sigurniju analizu i prepoznavanje kožnih promjena, smanjuje broj pretraga koje je potrebno odraditi te skraćuje vrijeme interpretacije nalaza. Prisutnost markera poboljšava komunikaciju između radiologa i radioloških tehnologa te olakšava vođenje dijagnostičkog postupka što povećava povjerenje pacijentica u sam dijagnostički proces.
Rezultati istraživanja nisu pokazali značajnu povezanost između primjene kožnih markera i ključnih dijagnostičkih parametara, poput BI-RADS kategorija, prisutnosti suspektnih lezija ispod kožnih promjena ili indikacija za dodatne dijagnostičke pretrage. Iako dobiveni rezultati nisu pokazali statistički značajnu povezanost između primjene kožnih markera i dijagnostičkih ishoda, postoji pozitivna razlika koja ipak nije dosegla razinu statističke značajnosti. Preporuča se daljnja istraživanja, standardizacija postupka i daljnja edukacija stručnog osoblja i implementacija smjernica za njihovu sustavnu primjenu u kliničkoj praksi.Mammography is a diagnostic method used for the early detection and diagnosis of breast diseases, especially breast cancer. Timely detection of malignant changes significantly improves the survival rate of patients, which makes mammography a key part of women's health care. However, the interpretation of mammographic findings can be complicated by the presence of skin changes, such as moles, scars or calcifications, which can mimic pathological changes and lead to false-positive results. In this context, the use of skin markers is becoming an important diagnostic tool that can improve the accuracy of reading the findings and reduce the need for additional examinations.
The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of the use of skin markers in breast mammography in patients with skin changes, such as moles, scars, skin growths (e.g. fibromas, papillomas) or asymmetric nipple position. The study was conducted on a sample of 120 patients who underwent mammography in 2023 and 2024 and had visible skin changes on their breasts. Data were collected from the hospital information system and included parameters such as age, breast density, BI-RADS classification, the presence of a suspicious lesion under the skin change, and recommendations for additional diagnostic procedures.
The results of the study showed that the placement of skin markers allows for a more secure analysis and recognition of skin changes, reduces the number of examinations that need to be performed, and shortens the time for interpretation of findings. The presence of markers improves communication between radiologists and radiological technologists and facilitates the conduct of the diagnostic procedure, which increases patients' confidence in the diagnostic process itself.
The results of the study did not show a significant association between the use of skin markers and key diagnostic parameters, such as BI-RADS categories, the presence of suspicious lesions under the skin changes, or indications for additional diagnostic tests. Although the results did not show a statistically significant association between the use of skin markers and diagnostic outcomes, there is a positive difference that did not reach statistical significance. Further research, standardization of the procedure, and further education of professional staff and implementation of guidelines for their systematic use in clinical practice are recommended.
Epidemiological characteristics of children with posture disorders of preschool and school age
No full textOvaj diplomski istražuje epidemiološke karakteristike djece s poremećajem posture u predškolskoj i školskoj dobi. Istraživanje se provelo u prostorijama privatne ustanove Fizio-Sensus u Solinu. Sudjelovalo je 30 djece sa poremećajem posture dobi od 5 do 15 godina. Proveden je anketni upitnik među djecom i izvršila se procjena posture, Adamsov test, mjerenje skoliometrom, mjerenje digitalnim goniometrom i centimetrom,te mjerenje visine i težine. Podaci potrebni za istraživanje, dob, spol, koji sport treniraju, jesu li išli na neurorazvojnu terapiju, razina dnevne fizičke aktivnosti prikupljeni su iz anketnog upitnika.. Podaci su analizirani pomoću deskriptivne statistike i statističkih testova (T-test, Hi-kvadrat, Spearmanov i Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije). Analiza za dob i spol je pokazala: da su 53% djevojčice,a 47% dječaci. Medijan dobi je 10 godina. Rezultati uhranjenosti pokazuju da: 83% djece je normalno uhranjeno, 10% preuhranjeno, 7% neuhranjeno. Stupanj skolioze u promatrane djece kretao se između 5 i 18 stupnjeva, s medijanom od 10 stupnjeva. Interkvartilni raspon vrijednosti je između 8 i 12,7
stupnjeva, što pokazuje da su blaži do umjereni stupnjevi zakrivljenosti kralježnice bili najčešći. Rezultati posturalne procjene pokazuju da:63% ima pojačanu lumbalnu lordozu; 83% pokazuje odstupanja u frontalnoj ravnini (najčešće spušteno rame),60% roditelja primjećuje posturalnu asimetriju kod svog djeteta. Udaljenost vrhova prstiju od poda pri pretklonu iznosila je između 3 i 27 cm, dok je srednja vrijednost (medijan) bila 13 cm. Prema rezultatima Adamsovog testa, 16 djece (53,3%) nije imalo odstupanja, što znači da tijekom pretklona nije bila vidljiva asimetrija trupa. Kod preostale djece zabilježena su odstupanja u obliku vidljive grbe. Grba na lijevoj strani uočena je kod 8 djece (26,6%), dok je grba na desnoj strani zabilježena kod 6 djece (20,0%). Prema rezultatima sagitalnog pregleda, 19 djece (63,3%) imalo je pojačanu lumbalnu lordozu, što znači da je kod njih bila izražena prirodna zakrivljenost donjeg dijela kralježnice. Jedno dijete (3,3%) imalo je izraženu torakalnu kifozu, dok 10 djece (33,3%) nije imalo nikakvih odstupanja što bi ukazivalo na krivo držanje. Rezultati životnih navika tijekom dana pokazuju da: medijan sjedenja iznosi 8 sati dnevno, medijan korištenja mobitela iznosi 3 sata, medijan fizičke aktivnosti vani iznosi 2,5 sata. Rezultati sporta iznose :80% djece trenira neki sport, najčešće simetrične (nogomet, gimnastika).
Istraživanje je pokazalo djeca s manje fizičke aktivnosti i više sjedenja češće imaju posturalne poremećaje te da djeca s posturalnim promjenama većinom treniraju simetrične sportove. Sjedilački način života, nedostatak fizičke aktivnosti i nepravilno držanje tijela identificirani su kao ključni čimbenici rizika. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za većim potrebama za tjelesnim aktivnostima i boravku na otvorenom i sustavnim preventivnim programima i edukacijom kako bi se smanjila prevalencija ovih poremećaja.This thesis investigates the epidemiological characteristics of children with postural disorders in preschool and school age. The research was conducted in the premises of the private institution Fizio-Sensus in Solin. 30 children with postural disorders aged 5 to 15 participated. A questionnaire was administered among the children and posture assessment, Adams test, scoliometer measurement, digital goniometer and centimeter measurement were performed. The data required for the research, age, gender, which sport they practice, whether they went to neurodevelopmental therapy, and the level of daily physical activity were collected from the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (T-test, Chi-square, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient). The analysis for age and gender showed that: 53% were girls and 47% were boys. The median age was 10 years. Nutrition results show that: 83% of the children were normally nourished, 10% were overweight, and 7% were undernourished. The degree of scoliosis in the observed children ranged between 5 and 18 degrees, with a median of 10 degrees. The interquartile range of values is between 8 and 12.75 degrees, which indicates that mild to moderate degrees of spinal curvature were the most common. The results of the postural assessment show that: 63% have increased lumbar lordosis;
83% show deviations in the frontal plane (most often a lowered shoulder), 60% of parents notice postural asymmetry in their child. The distance of the fingertips from the floor during forward bending was between 3 and 27 cm, while the mean value (median) was 13 cm. According to the results of the Adams test, 16 children (53.33%) had no deviations, which means that there was no visible trunk asymmetry during forward bending. In the remaining children, deviations in the form of a visible hump were recorded. A hump on the left side was observed in 8 children (26.67%), while a hump on the right side was recorded in 6 children (20.00%). According to the results of the sagittal examination, 19 children (63.33%) had increased lumbar lordosis, which means that they had a pronounced natural curvature of the lower spine. One child (3.33%) had pronounced thoracic kyphosis, while 10 children (33.33%) had no deviations. The results of daily lifestyle habits show that: the median sitting time is 8 hours a day, the median using a mobile phone is 3 hours, the median physical activity outside is 2.5 hours. The results of sports are: 80% of children practice some sport, most often symmetrical (football, gymnastics).
The study showed that children with less physical activity and more sitting are more likely to have postural disorders and that children with postural changes mostly practice symmetrical sports. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity and poor posture were identified as key risk factors. The results indicate the need for increased physical activity and outdoor activities and systematic prevention programs and education to reduce the prevalence of these disorders
The Role of The Nurse in Diagnostic Procedures in The Glaucoma Outpatient Centre University Hospital of Split
No full textGlaukom je kronična, progresivna bolest vidnog živca koja može dovesti do
nepovratnog gubitka vida ako se ne otkrije pravovremeno i ne započne s adekvatnim
liječenjem na vrijeme. U ambulanti za glaukom Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split, medicinska
sestra ima važnu ulogu u svim fazama zdravstvene skrbi, s posebnim naglaskom na
sudjelovanje u dijagnostičkim postupcima. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati specifične sestrinske
intervencije i zadatke vezane uz dijagnostiku glaukoma, kao i naglasiti značaj organizacije
rada i edukacije pacijenata. Medicinska sestra sudjeluje u pripremi ambulante i opreme,
provodi tehničke radnje potrebne za dijagnostičke pretrage, te fizički i psihološki priprema
pacijente za dijagnostičke postupke. Kroz edukaciju i komunikaciju, pomaže bolesnicima
razumjeti važnost redovitih kontrolnih pregleda i važnost redovne primjene terapije za
glaukom. S obzirom da se glaukom često razvija bez simptoma, upravo sestrinska skrb u vidu
pravovremene intervencije i praćenja pacijenata može doprinijeti ranom otkrivanju bolesti.
Osim dijagnostike, medicinska sestra obavlja administrativne zadatke, vodi dokumentaciju i
usko surađuje s liječnicima i drugim članovima tima. Time doprinosi kvalitetnijem praćenju
tijeka bolesti i boljoj organizaciji ambulante. Zaključno, medicinska sestra svojim radom u
ambulanti za glaukom doprinosi ranom otkrivanju glaukoma, očuvanju vida i kvaliteti života
bolesnika oboljelog od glaukoma, a njezino stručno i empatično djelovanje od velike važnosti
II
za uspješnu dijagnostiku, asistiranje pri liječenju i prevenciju komplikacija ove tihe, ali
ozbiljne bolesti.Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive disease of the optic nerve that can lead to
irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated in a timely manner. In the Glaucoma
Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital Centre Split, the nurse plays a crucial role in all
stages of healthcare delivery, with particular emphasis on participation in diagnostic
procedures. The aim of this paper is to present specific nursing interventions and
responsibilities related to glaucoma diagnostics, as well as to highlight the importance of
workflow organization and patient education. The nurse is involved in preparing the clinic
and equipment, performs technical tasks required for diagnostic tests, and prepares patients
both physically and psychologically for diagnostic procedures. Through education and
communication, the nurse helps patients understand the importance of regular follow-up
examinations and consistent use of prescribed glaucoma therapy. Since glaucoma often
develops without symptoms, nursing care in the form of timely intervention and patient
monitoring can significantly contribute to early detection of the disease. In addition to
diagnostic responsibilities, the nurse also performs administrative tasks, maintains
documentation, and closely collaborates with physicians and other members of the healthcare
team. This contributes to more effective disease monitoring and better organization of the
outpatient clinic. In conclusion, the nurse’s role in the glaucoma outpatient clinic contributes
to early glaucoma detection, preservation of vision, and improved quality of life for patients.
IV
The nurse's professional and empathetic approach is of great importance for successful
diagnostics, assistance in treatment, and prevention of complications related to this silent but
serious disease
Attitudes of nurses in at Clinical Hospital Center Split on the need for specialist training in nursing
No full textUvod: Sestrinska profesija je prisutna od početka vremena. U današnje vrijeme sestrinstvo je najmnogobrojnije i jedno od najznačajnijih zanimanja u zdravstvu. Vjeruje se da su početci sestrinstva zabilježeni već oko 300.te godine pod vlašću Rimskog carstva jer već u tim godinama Rimsko carstvo pokušava uspostaviti bolnice u svakom gradu koji imaju pod svojom vlašću. Formalni programi obrazovanja medicinskih sestara/tehničara mijenjao se kroz povijest, danas postaje sveobuhvatniji i znanstveno utemeljeniji, te se obrazovni sustav strukturira na način da zadovolji rastuće zahtjeve zdravstvene njege. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na suvremene obrazovane trendove, uključujući integraciju tehnologije i multidisciplinarnog pristupa u obuci medicinskih sestara za složene izazove koje donosi moderno zdravstvo.
Cilj: Cilj diplomskog rada je prikazati stavove medicinskih sestara i tehničara u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split o potrebi za specijalističkim usavršavanjem u sestrinstvu.
Rezultati: U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 161 ispitanika. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika bilo je 136 (84,5%) žena i 25 (15,5%) muškaraca. Najveći broj ispitanika bio je u dobi od 26 do 35 godina i to 35,4% ispitanik, a najveći broj ispitanika je bio sa završenim prijediplomskim studijem 49,7% ispitanika. U COVID centru je radilo ukupno 63,4% ispitanika. Statističkom analizom nije uočena statistički značajna razlika po spolu u stavovima prema profesionalno/specijalističkom razvoju (p=0.49) ali uočene su statistički značajne razlike u stavovima prema profesionalno/specijalističkom razvoju ovisno o dobi (p=0.01).
Zaključak: Ova studija je pokazala da pozitivnije stavove prema specijalističkom usavršavanju imali se medicinske sestre i tehničari srednje životne dobi (36 – 45 godina), jednako tako da isti imaju pozitivnije stavove prema unapređenju zdravstvene njege. Medicinske sestre i tehničari sa završenim diplomskim studijem imaju pozitivnije stavove o specijalističkom usavršavanju, a najpozitivnije stavove prema specijalističkom usavršavanju imaju medicinske sestre i tehničari s radnog mjesta OHBP-a (kirurgija). Medicinske sestre i tehničari koji su radili na COVID odjelu imaju najpozitivnije stavove prema specijalističkom usavršavanju. Moderno sestrinstvo suočava se s mnogobrojnim izazovima, jedan od tih izazova u RH su i specijalizacije u sestrinstvu. Prva specijalizacija na akademskoj razini je specijalističko usavršavanje prvostupnika sestrinstva u djelatnosti hitne medicine koja je krenula i polučila izvrstan uspjeh.Introduction: Nursing profession has been present since the beginning of time. Nowadays, nursing is the most numerous and one of the most important professions in healthcare. It is believed that the beginnings of nursing were recorded around the year 300 under the rule of the Roman Empire because already in those years the Roman Empire tried to establish hospitals in every city they had under their rule. Formal nursing/technician education programs have changed throughout history, today they are becoming more comprehensive and scientifically based, and the educational system is being structured in a way to meet the growing demands of health care. Special emphasis is placed on contemporary educational trends, including the integration of technology and a multidisciplinary approach in training nurses for the complex challenges of modern healthcare.
Objective: The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the views of nurses and technicians at the Clinical Hospital Center Split about the need for specialist training in nursing.
Results: 161 respondents participated in this research. Of the total number of respondents, there were 136 (84.5%) women and 25 (15.5%) men. The largest number of respondents were between the ages of 26 and 35, 35.4% of respondents, and the largest number of respondents were those with completed undergraduate studies, 49.7% of respondents. A total of 63.4% of respondents worked in the COVID center. Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference by gender in attitudes towards professional/specialist development (p=0.49), but statistically significant differences were observed in attitudes towards professional/specialist development depending on age (p=0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that middle-aged nurses and technicians (36-45 years) had more positive attitudes towards specialist training, and they also had more positive attitudes towards the improvement of health care. Nurses and technicians with completed graduate studies have more positive attitudes about specialist training, and the most positive attitudes towards specialist training are held by nurses and technicians from the post of OHBP (surgery). Nurses and technicians who worked in the COVID department have the most positive attitudes towards specialist training. Modern nursing faces numerous challenges, one of these challenges in the Republic of Croatia are nursing specializations. The first specialization at the academic level is the specialist training of bachelor's degrees in nursing in the field of emergency medicine, which has been launched and achieved excellent success
Lung empyema in children with a case report - the role of the nurse
No full textEmpijem je infekcija s prisutnošću gnoja u pleuralnom prostoru zbog različitih uzroka. Najčešći uzrok empijema u djece je parapneumonični izljev. Iako se njegova učestalost značajno smanjila primjenom antibiotika, još uvijek je značajan uzrok pobola i smrtnosti u cijelom svijetu. Glavni cilj u liječenju empijema je dreniranje pleuralne šupljine kako bi se osigurala reekspanzija komprimiranih pluća, liječenje parenhimske infekcije odgovarajućom antibiotskom terapijom te spriječavanje komplikacija koje se mogu razviti u akutnom i kroničnom razdoblju. Mogućnosti liječenja ove bolesti razlikuju se ovisno o stadiju bolesti. Uspjeh liječenja empijema u dječjoj dobi otkrivenog u ranoj fazi je visok. Dijagnoza i liječenje empijema kod djece razlikuje se od odraslih. Zbog brze regeneracije tkiva u djetinjstvu, izlječenje može nastupiti bez potrebe za agresivnim opcijama liječenja. Uloga medicinske sestre u liječenju djece s empijemom pluća od iznimne je važnosti budući ima značajnu ulogu u prikupljanju anamneze, praćenju pacijenta, pružanju emocionalne podrške i suradnje s multidisciplinarnim timom radi pružanja najbolje moguće skrbi oboljeloj djeci. Medicinske sestre igraju važnu ulogu u prijeoperacijskoj, perioperacijskoj i postoperacijskoj njezi. U prijeoperacijskoj njezi priprema dijete te upoznaje dijete i roditelje o operacijskom zahvatu. Tijekom operacijskog zahvata, pruža potporu djetetu i obitelji te prati njegovo stanje. U postoperacijskoj njezi glavna zadaća je usmjerena na ublažavanju bolova, prevenciji infekcija te kontroliranje operacijskog polja (rane). Emocionalna podrška medicinskih sestara u olakšavanju procesa oporavka oboljelog djeteta od iznimne je važnosti za osiguranje pozitivnog ishoda za dijete. Sestrinska skrb za dijete s empijemom pluća, na taj način, predstavlja bitnu komponentu kvalitetnog zdravstvenog pristupa.Empyema is an infection characterized by the presence of pus in the pleural space, resulting from various causes. The most common cause of empyema in children is parapneumonic effusion. Although the incidence of this condition has significantly decreased with the use of antibiotics, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main objective in the treatment of empyema is to drain the pleural cavity to allow for the re-expansion of compressed lungs, treat the parenchymal infection with the appropriate antibiotic therapy, and prevent complications that may arise during the acute and chronic phases. Treatment options for empyema depend on the disease's stage. The success rate of treating empyema in children when diagnosed early is high. Diagnosis and treatment of empyema in children differ from that in adults. Due to rapid tissue regeneration during childhood, recovery can often occur without the need for aggressive treatment methods. The role of the nurse in managing children with lung empyema is crucial, as nurses play an important part in gathering medical history, monitoring the patient, providing emotional support, and collaborating with the multidisciplinary team to ensure the best possible care. Nurses also have a key role in preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care. In preoperative care, nurses prepare the child and inform both the child and the parents about the surgical procedure. During surgery, the nurse provides support to both the child and the family and monitors the child's condition. In postoperative care, the focus is on pain management, infection prevention, and monitoring the surgical site (wound). The emotional support provided by nurses is essential in helping the child through the recovery process, contributing to a positive outcome. Thus, nursing care for children with empyema is an integral part of providing high-quality healthcare
IVF treatment for patients with premature ovarian failure
No full textUVOD: In vitro fertilizacija (IVF) predstavlja jednu od najvažnijih medicinskih tehnologija u granama reproduktivne medicine, omogućavajući mnogim parovima ostvarenje roditeljstva koje bi inače bilo nedostižno. Neplodnost se općenito definira kao jedna godina nezaštićenog odnosa bez začeća.
CILJ RADA: U ovom radu obratit ćemo pozornost na neplodnost te čimbenike neplodnosti kao i samu obradu neplodnog para i njihovo liječenje. Uzroci neplodnosti mogu biti različiti i često su povezani s problemima u reproduktivnim organima kod muškarca i/ili žene.
RASPRAVA: Aspiracije jajnih stanica nekad su se provodile laparoskopijom, transvaginalna aspiracija vođena ultrazvukom pod intravenskom sedacijom sada je standardna tehnika. Prijenos embrija uspješan je u bilo kojoj fazi ranog razvoja, od zigote do blastociste, najčešće se izvodi trećeg dana nakon aspiracije jajnih stanica i oplodnje. Sustavi za ocjenjivanje kvalitete embrija razlikuju se među programima, ali morfološke značajke na kojima se gradacija temelji slične su i uključuju broj stanica, simetriju i oblik blastomera, opseg citoplazmatske fragmentacije u perivitelinskom prostoru i brzinu cijepanja. Postoji pet prihvaćenih indikacija za IVF donaciju jajne stanice - zatajenje jajnika, genetski prenosiva bolest, opadajuća ili odsutna funkcija jajnika, poodmakla reproduktivna dob i trajna loša kvaliteta jajnih stanica u IVF ciklusima.
ZAKLJUČAK: Trenutno ne postoji jednoliko prihvaćena definicija smanjene rezerve jajnika. Razvijen je niz različitih mjera, prvenstveno za uporabu u predviđanju uspjeha s IVF-om. Idealan test rezerve jajnika trebao bi dati dosljedne rezultate i biti vrlo specifičan, kako bi se smanjio rizik od pogrešne kategorizacije normalnih žena kao smanjene rezerve jajnika.INTRODUCTION: In vitro fertilization (IVF) represents one of the most important medical technologies in the fields of reproductive medicine, enabling many couples to achieve parenthood that would otherwise be unattainable. Infertility is generally defined as one year of unprotected intercourse without conception.
AIM: In this work, we will pay attention to infertility and the factors of infertility, as well as the treatment of the infertile couple itself and their treatment. The causes of infertility can be different and are often related to problems in the male and/or female reproductive organs.
DISCUSSION: Oocyte aspirations used to be performed laparoscopically, ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration under intravenous sedation is now the standard technique. Embryo transfer is successful at any stage of early development, from zygote to blastocyst, and is most often performed on the third day after oocyte aspiration and fertilization. Embryo quality grading systems differ among programs, but the morphological features on which grading is based are similar and include cell number, blastomere symmetry and shape, extent of cytoplasmic fragmentation in the perivitelline space, and cleavage rate. There are five accepted indications for IVF egg donation - ovarian failure, genetically transmitted disease, declining or absent ovarian function, advanced reproductive age and persistent poor egg quality in IVF cycles.
CONCLUSION: Currently, there is no uniformly accepted definition of reduced ovarian reserve. A number of different measures have been developed, primarily for use in predicting success with IVF. An ideal ovarian reserve test should give consistent results and be highly specific, to reduce the risk of miscategorizing normal women as having reduced ovarian reserve