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DIFFERENCES OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS DANCE BY STUUDENTS OF CERTAIN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE CITY OF ZAGREB AND ZAGREB COUNTY
No full textPretpostavlja se da postojeći stereotip „ženskog“ sporta dovodi do nižih vrijednosti procjene stava prema plesu kod muškog spola u odnosu na ženski. Također s obzirom na razvijenost područja, odnosno bogatiju plesnu ponudu kao sportske ili rekreativne aktivnosti, pretpostavka je da se srednjoškolci grada Zagreba bave plesom u većoj mjeri nego srednjoškolci s područja Zagrebačke županije. Primarni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati stav prema plesu kod učenika i učenica prigodno odabranih srednjih škola grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije, te ispitati postoje li značajne razlike u stavu s obzirom na spol ispitanika i na županiju u kojoj se škola nalazi. Sekundarni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi koliko se učenika bavilo plesom, a koliko ih se sada aktivno bavi plesom. Podaci o bavljenju plesom su uspoređeni s utvrđenim stavovima ispitanika. Dobivenim rezultatima su potvrđene sve postavljene hipoteze. Na razini ukupnog uzorka, pokazalo se da je stav prema plesu pozitivan, no promatraju li se spolne razlike, tada učenice imaju pozitivan stav, a učenici negativan stav prema plesu. Nadalje je potvrđeno da ispitanici iz grada Zagreba imaju značajno pozitivniji stav prema plesu u odnosu na ispitanike s područja Zagrebačke županije. Potvrđeno je da se u gradu Zagrebu veći postotak srednjoškolaca bavi plesom nego na područjima Zagrebačke županije, također je potvrđeno da se plesom bavi više učenica nego učenika. Ukupno 276 ispitanika ima pozitivan stav, a samo 43 od njih se trenutno bavi plesom, stoga bi se moglo zaključiti da pozitivan stav prema plesu ne znači da će se osoba baviti plesom.It is assumed that the existing stereotype of "female" sport leads to lower values of assessment of attitudes towards dance in males compared to females. Also, given the development of the area, more specifically richer dance offer in the forms of sports or recreational activities, it is assumed that high school students in the city of Zagreb are more engaged in dance than high school students in the Zagreb County. The primary goal of the study is to determine the attitude towards dance among high school students in Zagreb and Zagreb County and to determine whether there are significant differences in attitude with regard to gender of respondents and the school they attend. findings. The secondary goal of the research was to determine how many high school students had previously been involved in dance and how many were currently engaged in dance. The obtained dana were compared with respondents expressed attitudes. The obtained results confirmed all the hypotheses. At the level of the overall sample, the attitude towards dance was shown to be positive, but if gender differences are observed, then the female students have a positive attitude and the male students have a negative attitude towards dance. It was confirmed that the respondents from the city of Zagreb have a significantly more positive attitude towards dance compared to the respondents from the Zagreb County. It is confirmed that in the city of Zagreb a higher percentage of students are engaged in dance than in the Zagreb County, it was also confirmed that more female students are engaged in dance than male students. A total of 276 respondents showed positive attitude towards dance and only 43 respondents are currently engaged in dance. Hence, it could be concluded that a positive attitude towards dance does not necessary imply that a person will be engage in dance
APPLICATION OF TENNIS CONTENT IN TEACHING PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION
No full textOdlukom Ministarstva znanosti i obrazovanja iz 2019. godine, uveden je novi kurikulum za nastavni predmet Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Novi kurikulum donosi brojne novitete i pogodnosti, među kojima je i veća sloboda u izboru programskih sadržaja. Budući da prijašnji kurikulum nije dozvoljavao odabir i provedbu onih programskih sadržaja koji nisu bili dio propisanog plana i programa, samim time i odabir teniske igre i njezinih sadržaja, novim kurikulumom otvaraju se razne nove mogućnosti implementacije tenisa u plan i program nastavnog predmeta Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati mogućnosti implementacije teniskih sadržaja u nastavni plan i program Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture.
Zbog jednostavnosti sadržaja, potrebnih sportskih pomagala, broja djece u razredima te same dobi djece, teniske sadržaja moguće je mnogo lakše i praktičnije implementirati u plan i program osnovnih škola (posebice od 1. do 3. razreda osnovne škole). Razlog tomu pridonosi i činjenica da navedeni razredi imaju mnogo veći fond sati što će uvelike olakšati provedbu većeg broja poduke teniske igre, a samim time i provedbu većeg broja teniskih sadržaja, njihove učestalije provedbe te razvoja boljih i čvršćih temelja teniske igre. U ovom radu prikazat će se razni načini usvajanja i usavršavanja teniskih sadržaja koji se vrlo jednostavno mogu primijeniti u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture.By the decision of the Ministry of Science and Education from 2019, a new curriculum was introduced for the subject of PE for primary schools and gymnasiums in the Republic of Croatia. The new curriculum brings numerous novelties and benefits, among which is greater freedom in the choice of program content. Since the previous curriculum did not allow the selection and implementation of those program contents that were not part of the prescribed curriculum, thus, the selection of the tennis game and its contents, the new curriculum opens up various new options and ideas on the implementation of tennis in the curriculum of the subject P.E.
The aim of this thesis is to present the possibilities of implementing tennis and tennis content in the curriculum of P.E.
Due to the simplicity of the content, the necessary aids, the number of children in the classes and the age of the children, tennis content will be much easier and more practical to implement in the curriculum of primary schools (especially from 1st to 3rd grade of primary school). The reason for this is the fact that these classes have a much larger fund of hours which will greatly facilitate the implementation of more hours of tennis, and thus the implementation of a larger number of tennis contents, a larger number of repetitions of certain tennis contents and the development of better and stronger foundations of the tennis game. This paper will present various ways of adopting and improving the game of tennis that can be very easily applied in the teaching of PE
CHANGES IN PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF LIFE, SCREEN TIME AND THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENS IN 3 YEARS PERIOD
No full textSvrha: primarni cilj rada bio je ispitati kako adolescenti procjenjuju vlastitu kvalitetu života, te je li to povezano s razinom njihove tjelesne aktivnosti i vremenom provedenim pred ekranima. Također, zanimalo nas je mijenjaju li se te relacije u periodu od 3 godine, tj. između dvije točke mjerenja (početak srednje škole 2014. g. i završetak srednje škole 2017. g.). U tu svrhu odredili smo tri podcilja. Prvi je bio ispitati je li došlo do promjene u vremenu provedenom pred ekranom, razini tjelesne aktivnosti i procjenama kvalitete života adolescenata različitog spola i tipa škole u periodu od 3 godine (2014.-2017.). Drugi cilj bio je ispitati povezanost vremena provedenog pred ekranom i razine tjelesne aktivnosti s procjenama kvalitete života adolescenata u svakoj točki mjerenja (2014. i 2017.).Treći cilj bio je ispitati postoje li razlike u vremenu provedenom pred ekranom, razini tjelesne aktivnosti i kvaliteti života s obzirom na spol sudionika i vrstu škole koju pohađaju u svakoj točki mjerenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno 916 sudionika, 444 učenice i 459 učenika polaznika srednjih škola Grada Zagreba, te je dio CRO-PALS studije. Metode: kvaliteta života procijenjena je hrvatskom verzijom upitnika KIDSCREEN-27.Vrijeme provedeno pred ekranom i tjelesna aktivnost procijenjeni su SHAPES upitnikom. Rezultati: pokazalo se da su adolescenti manje zadovoljni svojom kvalitetom života u završnom razredu. Djevojke su nezadovoljnije uspjehom u školi i školskim okruženjem, zdravstvenim statusom i količinom tjelesne aktivnosti, odnosima s obitelji i količinom slobodnog vremena, te se osjećaju manje tužno i osamljeno od mladića. Mladićima se smanjilo zadovoljstvo zdravstvenim stanjem, količinom tjelesne aktivnosti, te u završnom razredu imaju manje slobodnog vremena nego u prvom. Učenici strukovnih škola su manje zadovoljni školskim uspjehom i novčanim resursima. Nadalje, vidljivo je smanjenje vremena provedenog pred ekranom, a dobivena je visoka korelacija vremena pred ekranom s lošijim raspoloženjem, školskim uspjehom i zdravljem. Više vremena pred ekranom provode mladići općenito, učenici strukovnih škola, posebice djevojke u odnosu na gimnazijalke. Djevojke su općenito manje aktivne od mladića, te su mladići iz strukovnih škola aktivniji od gimnazijalaca. Djevojke su u prosjeku bile manje zadovoljne školskim uspjehom i slabije su mogle pratiti nastavu, kao i učenici strukovnih
škola u odnosu na gimnazijalce. Djevojke su u prvom razredu nezadovoljnije svojim zdravljem, količinom tjelesne aktivnosti, emocionalnim stanjem i količinom slobodnog vremena od mladića. Učenici strukovnih škola su manje zadovoljni novčanim primanjima od gimnazijalaca.Aim:The primary objective of the study was to examine how adolescents assess their own quality of life, and whether this is related to their level of physical activity and time spent in
front of screens. Also, whether these relations change in a period of 3 years, ie between two measurement points (the beginning of high school in 2014 and the end of high school in 2017.). To this end, we have identified three sub-goals. The first was to examine whether there was a change in the time spent in front of the screen, the level of physical activity and assessments of the quality of life of adolescents of different genders and types of school in the period of 3 years (2014-2017). The second objective was to examine the relationship between screen time and physical activity levels with adolescent quality of life assessments at each measurement point (2014 and 2017). The third objective was to examine whether there were differences in the time spent in front of the screen, the level of physical activity and the quality of life with regard to the gender of the participants and the type of school they attended at each measurement point. The research was conducted on a total of 916 participants, 444 students and 459 high school students from the City of Zagreb, and is part of the CRO-PALS study.
Methods: quality of life was assessed by the Croatian version of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. Time spent in front of the screen and physical activity were assessed by the SHAPES questionnaire. Results:adolescents have been shown to be less satisfied with their quality of life in the final grade. Girls are more dissatisfied with school performance and the school environment, health status and amount of physical activity, family relationships and amount of free time, and feel less sad and lonely than boys. The boys' satisfaction with their health condition decreased as well as the amount of physical activity and they had less free time in final grade than in first one. Vocational school students are less satisfied with school success and financial resources. Resaults show visible reduction in time in front of the screen, a high correlation of time in front of the screen with poorer mood, school success and health. More time in front of the screen is spent by boys in general, students of vocational schools,
especially girls compared to grammar school girls. Girls are generally less active than boys, and boys from vocational schools are more active than grammar school students. On average, girls were less satisfied with school performance and were less able to attend classes, as were vocational school students compared to high school students. In the first measurement, girls are more dissatisfied with their health, amount of physical activity, emotional state and amount of free time than boys. Vocational school students are less satisfied with their income than high school students
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the number of active members in sports clubs
No full textZarazni virus SARS-CoV-2 razlog je što je u 2020. godini došlo do naglih promjena u svakodnevnom životu ljudi, gradova, država i čitavog svijeta. Obavezna socijalna distanca, nošenje maski i ograničen boravak u zatvorenim prostorima koji su predstavljali mjesto visokog rizika zaraze doveli su do ograničavanja rada svih sportskih klubova koji su se morali brzo snaći i prilagoditi kako bi nastavili s radom.
Kako bismo saznali posljedice pandemije uzrokovane virusom SARS-CoV-2 u hrvatskom sportu, provedeno je istraživanje predstavljeno u radu. Na uzorku ispitanika sportskih klubova, koje čine tajnici, treneri i predsjednici, ispunjavao se anonimni anketni upitnik. Sportski klubovi podijeljeni su na skupine prema mjestu održavanja sportskih aktivnosti − sportovi na otvorenom (16 klubova) i sportovi u zatvorenom (55 klubova). Primarni cilj diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi je li pandemija koronavirusa utjecala na promjenu broja aktivnih članova sportskih klubova u 2020 godini. Parcijalni cilj bio je prikazati moguće nastale promjene po skupinama sportova na otvorenom i sportova u zatvorenom prostoru.
Rezultati pokazuju da je ukupan broj aktivnih članova od 6 do 14 godina u promatranim klubovima 2019. godine bio 4049 članova te da je broj smanjen u 2020. godini na 2416. To je ukupno smanjenje od 40,37 %. Međutim, promatrajući odvojeno sportove na otvorenom, vidljivo je kako je kod njih zabilježen rast članova od 12 % u 2020. godini, dok su sportovi na zatvorenom zabilježili pad od 44,8% članova u 2020 godini. Razlog takve promjene 73,24 % ispitanika vidi u pandemiji uzrokovanoj virusom SARS-CoV-2. U 2020. godini vidljiva je razlika u omjeru vremena provedenog na otvorenom i zatvorenom prostoru u odnosu na 2019. godinu, gdje se kod svih sportova prosječni omjer na otvorenom povećao za 21,86 % te se za isti postotak smanjilo vrijeme provedeno u zatvorenom prostoru. Zaključno, vidljiva je veća zainteresiranost članova od 6 do 14 godina i njihovih roditelja za sportove na otvorenom i pad zainteresiranosti za sportove na zatvorenom što je pod velikim utjecajem straha od zaraze.The infectious virus SARS-CoV-2 is the reason why in 2020 there were sudden changes in the daily lives of people, cities, countries, and the whole world. Compulsory social distance, wearing masks and a limited indoor activity that posed a high risk of infection, led to work restrictions for all sports clubs which had to cope and adapt quickly to continue with working.
To find out more about the consequences of Covid-19 pandemic inside sports sphere this paper is carried out on respondent sample consisting of sport clubs. In which responsible members of coaches, secretary and presidents filled required anonymous questionnaire. Sport clubs were divided into groups according to the venue of sports activities- outdoor sports (16 clubs) and “Indoor sports” (55 clubs). Primary goal of this master thesis was to determine if Covid-19 influenced the change in the number of active members of sports clubs in 2020. While the secondary goal was to review changes in the groups of “Outdoor sports” and “Indoor sports”.
The results showed that the total number of active members aged 6 to 14 years in the observed clubs during 2019 was 4049, and that it was reduced in 2020 to 2416 members, which is a total decrease of 40.37% members. However, looking at outdoor sports separately they recorded an increase in members of 12% in 2020, while indoor sports recorded a decline of 44.8% of members in 2020. The reason for such a change, 73.24% of respondents believe that the cause is Covid-19 pandemic. In 2020, there is a visible difference in the ratio of time spent outdoors and indoors compared to 2019, where the average ratio of outdoors increased by 21.86% and the time spent indoors decreased by the same percentage. In conclusion, there is a greater interest of members aged 6 to 14 and their parents in outdoor sports and a decline in interest for indoor sports, which is greatly influenced by the fear of infection
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH FOOTBALL CLUBS' SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION DURING CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
No full textCilj je rada bio utvrditi način na koji su engleski nogometni klubovi komunicirali putem društvenih mreža Facebook, Instagram i YouTube sa svojim obožavateljima tijekom globalne pandemije koronavirusa u razdoblju od 13. ožujka do 17. lipnja 2020. kada su sve sportske aktivnosti bile zabranjene. U tu svrhu analizirani su sadržaji objava na društvenim mrežama i mrežnim stranicama 32 engleska nogometna kluba (20 muških i 12 ženskih) kako bi se utvrdio način komuniciranja i interakcije s obožavateljima u ekstremnim društvenim uvjetima globalne pandemije. U istraživanju se koristila prilagođena Bayesianska metoda prikupljanja i obrade podataka.
Analizirana je interakcija klubova na društvenim mrežama između promatranih populacija obožavatelja, nogometaša/nogometašica i sportskog osoblja/članova sportskih organizacija. Rad je ukazao na važnu ulogu društvenih mreža Facebook, Instagram i YouTube u održavanju i
uspostavljanju komunikacije i interakcije nogometnih klubova s obožavateljima u tim ekstremnim društvenim uvjetima. Premda je istraživanje pokazalo da su klupske objave na društvenim mrežama kako po sadržaju tako i po učestalosti objavljivanja različite od kluba do kluba, ipak je moguće zaključiti kako je pandemija koronavirusa usmjerila i oblikovala teme, aktivnosti i društvene vrijednosti od zajedničkog interesa za građane, pokazujući još jednom humano lice sporta.The aim of this paper was to determine the ways in which English football clubs communicated through social media – Facebook, Instagram and YouTube – with their fans during global COVID-19 pandemics in the period March 13 – June 17, 2020, when all sports activities were banned.
Thereby, content analysis of social media posts and 32 football clubs (12 female and 20 male) official web sites were studied to determine in what way they established communication and interaction with fans in extreme social conditions of global pandemic. Modified Bayesian
methodology was applied in collection and data analysis. This paper has indicated how social media, namely Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, have played an important role in establishment
and maintenance of communication and interaction between football clubs and fans in such extreme social circumstances. Even though the clubs’ postings on social media have varied in content and frequency, this paper concludes that COVID-19 pandemic had streamlined and shaped subjects, activities, and social values of general interest to the public, thus revealing once again the human face of sports
Road running - sport and recreational activity
No full textCilj ovog rada je obraditi cestovno trčanje kao sport i rekreacijsku aktivnost, odnosno prikazati težišno proces modeliranja sportske pripreme rekreativnih cestovnih trkača kao i strukturne elemente trčanja te one najvažnije psihofizičke pretpostavke i aspekte koji utječu na trkačku izvedbu i željeni sportski rezultat. Sažeto su prikazani struktura i osnovni elementi potrebni za kreiranje plana i programa treninga rekreativnih cestovnih trkača te su opisani psihofizički zahtjevi cestovnog trčanja. U radu su opisane i aktivnosti koje prethode kreiranju plana i programa treninga, a uključuju zdravstveni probir potencijalnih sudionika provedbe trenažnog procesa te dijagnostički postupak sposobnosti i osobina koje su najvažnije i dominantne u navedenoj sportskoj aktivnosti. Uz stručno izrađen i nadziran plan i program treninga te adekvatnu prevenciju ozljeda, odgovarajuću prehranu i potrebnu razinu motivacije, cestovni trkači će zasigurno ostvariti željena natjecateljska dostignuća.The aim of this paper is to deal with road running as a sport and recreational activity, ie to show the process of modeling sports preparation of recreational road runners as well as structural elements of running and the most important psychophysical assumptions and aspects that affect running performance and desired sports result. The structure and basic elements necessary for creating the plan and program for recreational road runners are summarized and the psychophysical requirements of road running are described. The paper also describes the activities that precede the creation of the training plan and program, and include medical screening of potential participants in the implementation of the training process and the diagnostic procedure of abilities and characteristics that are most important and dominant in this sport. With a professionally developed and supervised training plan and program, as well as adequate injury prevention, proper nutrition and the necessary level of motivation, road runners will certainly achieve the desired competitive achievements
Differences in physical self-concept among adolescents in Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textUvod: Tjelesno samopoimanje, kao značajnu komponentu općeg pojma o sebi, većina autora definira kao subjektivnu prezentaciju tjelesnog izgleda popraćenu tjelesnim iskustvima uz utjecaj sociokulturnog okruženja, poglavito u adolescenciji (Majdak & Kamenov, 2011; Pokrajac-Bulian i ostali, 2004). Istraživanja su pokazala da je tjelesno samopoimanje važan moderator tjelesne aktivnosti i vježbanja (H. W. Marsh & Perry, 2005; Peart i ostali, 2005) te da ima značajan utjecaj na razvoj aktivnog i zdravog načina života (H. W. Marsh i ostali, 2006). Osim pozitivnog utjecaja na tjelesno samopoimanje, tjelesno vježbanje i sport predstavljaju bitne faktore u postizanju optimalnog stanja psihofizičkog zdravlja, što potvrđuju istraživanja širom svijeta (Jurakić & Andrijašević, 2007).
Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi generalne razlike u tjelesnom samopoimanju adolescenata istog spola u glavnim gradovima triju država: Hrvatske, Srbije i Bosne i Hercegovine. Pod-ciljevi rada bili su: ispitati da li postoje spolne razlike u tjelesnom samopoimanju adolescenata u različitim državama; utvrditi razlike u tjelesnom samopoimanju ispitanika s obzirom na sportski staž, odnosno da li se ispitanici bave sportom ili ne; ispitati da li postoje razlike u tjelesnom samopoimanju ispitanika ovisno o tome da li se bave individualnim ili timskim sportom.
Metode: U svrhu prikupljanja podataka primijenjen je „Upitnik tjelesnog samopoimanja“ PSDQ (Marsh i ostali, 1994, prema Radisavljević-Janić, 1996) od 78 čestica. Anketiranje sudionika provedeno je na prigodnom uzorku od ukupno 1012 učenika osmih razreda u šest osnovnih škola, u Republici Hrvatskoj (n=298), Bosni i Hercegovini (n=321) i Srbiji (n=393).
Rezultati su pokazali da između adolescenata s područja RH, BiH i Srbije postoje dosljedne i očekivane razlike u tjelesnom samopoimanju s obzirom na spol i s obzirom na (ne)bavljenje sportom. Tjelesno samopoimanje adolescenata je bolje od tjelesnog samopoimanja adolescentica. Tjelesno samopoimanje sportaša je bolje od tjelesnog samopoimanja nesportaša. Naposljetku, pokazalo se da se tjelesno samopoimanje sportaša koji se bave individualnim sportovima i sportaša koji se bave timskim sportovima ne razlikuje.
Zaključak: Usporedba tjelesnog samopoimanja adolescenata s obzirom na državu u kojoj žive (RH, Srbija i BiH) pokazala je da u tjelesnom samopoimanju adolescenata iz pojedinih država postoje određene specifičnosti, ali i da ne postoje jasni trendovi na način da bi adolescenti iz neke od navedenih država svoje tijelo sustavno doživljavali lošije ili bolje od adolescenata iz preostalih država.Introduction: Physical self-concept, as a significant component of the general self-concept, is defined by most authors as a subjective presentation of physical appearance accompanied by physical experiences influenced by sociocultural environment, especially in adolescence (Majdak & Kamenov, 2011; Pokrajac-Bulian et.al., 2004). Research has shown that physical self-perception is an important moderatorof physical activity and exercise (H. W. Marsh & Perry, 2005) and that it has a significant impact on developing an active and healthy lifestyle (H. W. Marsh et.al., 2006). In addition to the positive impact on physical self-perception, physical exercise and sports are important factors in achieving optimal mental and physical health, which is confirmed by research around the world (Jurakić & Andrijašević, 2007).
Goal: The main goal of this study was to determine the general differences in the physical self-concept of adolescents of the same gender in the capitals of three countries: Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sub-goals of the study were to examine are there gender differences in the physical self-concept of adolescents in different countries; to determine the differences in the physical self-concept of the respondents with regard to sports experience, ie whether the respondents engage in sports or not; and examine whether there are differences in respondents physical self-concept depending on whether they engage in individual or team sports.
Methods: For the purpose of data collection, the „Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire” PSDQ (Marsh et.al., 1994, according to Radisavljević-Janić, 1996) of 78 particles was used. The survey of participants was proven on a suitable sample of a total of 1012 eighth grade students in six primary schools, in the Republic of Croatia (n = 298), Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 321) and Serbia (n = 393).
The results: The results showed that between adolescents from the territory of the Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia there are consistent and expected differences in physical self-concept with regard to gender and with regard to (not) playing sports. The male adolescent's physical self-concept is better than the female adolescent's physical self-concept. The physical self-concept of an athlete is better than the physical self-concept of a non-athlete. Finally, it has been shown that the physical self-concepts of athletes engagedin individual sports and sports engaged in team sports do not differ.
Conclusion: The comparison of adolescents' physical self-concept with regard to the country in which they live (Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) showed that there are certain specifics in the physical self-concept of adolescents from certain countries, but also that there are no clear trends their body is systematically perceived worse or better than adolescents from the remaining countries
Acute effect of caffeine on strength and power of thigh muscles
No full textCilj ovog randomiziranog, dvostruko slijepog, placebom kontroliranog istraživanja, bio je utvrditi akutni učinak doze kofeina od 6 mg/kg na jakost i snagu mišića prednje i stražnje strane natkoljenice kod osoba s iskustvom u treningu s otporom. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 25 ispitanika muškog spola s barem 12 mjeseci iskustva u treningu s otporom u dobi od (AS±SD) 23,1±2 godine, visine 181,5±7,3 cm te mase 83,2±11,3 kg koji su tijekom tri dolaska u laboratorij imali upoznavanje s istraživanjem i nakon toga testiranje izvedbe nakon konzumacije kofeina od 6 mg/kg tjelesne mase te nakon konzumacije iste količine placeba. Zadatak ispitanika bila je izvedba na izokinetičkom uređaju gdje se pratio vršni moment sile (u N/m) kao pokazatelj jakosti i prosječni izlaz snage (u W) kao pokazatelj snage pri izvedbi ekstenzije i fleksije potkoljenice u zglobu koljena pri kutnoj brzini od 60 stupnjeva u sekundi (°/s). U uvjetima uzimanja kofeina, dobiveno je statistički značajno poboljšanje izvedbe (p<0,05) u odnosu na placebo kod svih testova koji su se pratili: vršni moment sile-fleksija (p<0,05; +4,1%), vršni moment sile-ekstenzija (p<0,05; +5,9%), prosječna snaga-fleksija (p<0,05; +5,3%), prosječna snaga-ekstenzija (p<0,05; +6,6%). Dakle, statistički značajno povećanje rezultata zabilježeno je u vrijednostima vršnog momenta sile i prosječne snage pri kutnoj brzini od 60°/s i za mišiće fleksore i za mišiće ekstenzore u zglobu koljena. Zaključno, kofein kao ergogeno sredstvo može predstavljati dodatak prehrani kojeg će sportaši i rekreativni vježbači koristiti prije treninga ili natjecanja u svrhu akutnog podizanja jakosti i snage mišića natkoljenice, a time i mogućeg poboljšanja ukupne tjelesne odnosno sportske izvedbe.The aim of this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled research was to determine the acute effect of a 6 mg/kg dose of caffeine on the strength and power of the muscles of the front and rear side of the thigh in people with experience in training with external load. Included in the research were 25 male examinees with at least 12 months of experience in training with external load, aged (AS±SD) 23.08±2.01 years, with a height of 181.51±7.26 cm, and a mass of 83.16±11.28 kg, who, during three visits of the lab, were acquainted with the research and performance testing, after consuming 6 mg/kg of caffeine along with the same amount of placebo. The task of the examinees was to perform on an isokinetic machine, where peak torque of force was observed as an indicator of strength, and average power as an indicator of power during extension and flexion in the knee joint at an angular velocity of 60 degrees per second (°/s). In caffeine conditions, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was obtained, in comparison with the placebo, in all tests which were observed: peak torque of flexion force (p<0,05; +4,1%), peak torque of extension force (p<0,05; +5,9%), average flexion power (p<0,05; +5,3%), and average extension power (p<0,05; +6,6%). Hence, a statistically significant increase in results was recorded in the values of peak torque of force at an angular velocity of 60°/s for knee flexors and extensors, along with their average power. In conclusion, caffeine as an ergogenic medium can represent a substance which individuals will use before trainings or competitions with the purpose of acutely increasing strength and power of thigh muscles, and accordingly, sports performance
OCCUPATIONAL KINESIOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN MASTERS OF PHARMACY AND CARGO HANDLING TECHNIQUES
No full textMišićno-koštani poremećaji nastali na radnome mjestu tijekom obavljanja posla odgovorni su za veliki broj oboljenja među radnom populacijom. Uz to što smanjuju kvalitetu života radnika, smanjuju i produktivnost. Mnoga istraživanja dokazala su kako nepravilno i dugotrajno rukovanje teretom rezultira oštećenjem lokomotornog sustava radnika. U svakom su zanimanju uvjeti rada različiti, a samim time različiti su i čimbenici rizika za nastanak mišićno-koštanih poremećaja.
Istraživanje je provedeno među magistrima farmacije Krapinsko-zagorske županije putem online upitnika. Uz utvrđivanje prevalencije mišićno-koštanih poremećaja, cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi i imaju li magistri farmacije ispravna teorijska znanja o osnovama pravilnih načina rukovanja teretima, kao i razlikuju li se njihova mišljenja o tome kako oni rukuju teretima od pravilnih tehnika rukovanja teretima. Upitnik se temeljio na Standardiziranom nordijskom upitniku za procjenu mišićno-koštanih simptoma. Od ukupno 30-ak zaposlenih magistara farmacije u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji, njih 20 ispunilo je upitnik. Rezultati su obrađeni programskim paketom Statistica 13.5.0.17. na Kineziološkom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Primijenile su se metode deskriptivne statistike te hi-kvadrat test. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na to da magistri farmacije na području Krapinsko-zagorske županije imaju najviše problema s donjim dijelom leđa (u posljednjih 12 mjeseci - 60 %, u posljednjih sedam dana - 35 %). 20 % ispitanika nije prepoznalo pravilnu tehniku dizanja tereta, dok čak 25 % ispitanika neku od nepravilnih tehnika rukovanja teretima smatra pravilnom.Musculoskeletal disorders occurring in the workplace during the performance of sent responses for a large number of diseases among the working population. In addition to reducing the quality of life of workers, they also reduce productivity. Numerous studies have proven that improper and long-term handling of cargo leads to damage to the locomotor system of workers. Different working conditions occur in each occupation, which in turn leads to different risk factors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders.
The research was proven among masters of pharmacy in Krapina-Zagorje County via an online inquiry. In addition to determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, the aim of the study was to determine whether masters of pharmacy have the correct theoretical knowledge of the basics of proper load handling, as well as their opinions on how to handle loads from proper load handling techniques. The questionnaire was based on a standardized Nordic questionnaire for the assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms. Out of a total of 30 employed masters of pharmacy in Krapina-Zagorje County, 20 of them filled in the questionnaire. The results were processed with the software package Statistica 13.5.0.17. at the Faculty of Kinesiology in Zagreb. Methods of descriptive statistics and chi-square test were applied. The results of this research indicate that masters of pharmacy in the Krapina-Zagorje County have the most problems with the lower back (in the last 12 months – 60 %, in the last 7 days – 35 %). 20% of respondents did not recognize the correct load lifting technique, while as many as 25 % of respondents did not consider the incorrect load handling techniques to be correct
SPECIFIC PREVENTION EXERCISES IN TENNIS
No full textKao i mnogi drugi sportovi, igranje tenisa - bilo na rekreativnoj, kolegijalnoj ili profesionalnoj razini - dovodi sudionike u rizik od ozljeda. Iako su mnoge ozljede koje se javljaju u tenisu zajedničke drugim sportovima, tenis ima jedinstveni profil ozljeda. Razlike u opremi, biomehanici i fizičkim zahtjevima rezultiraju profilom ozljeda koji se razlikuje od ostalih sportova s reketom. Teniske ozljede čest su uzrok i određenih invaliditeta te stoga mogu imati značajne socioekonomske posljedice, kako na osobnoj, tako i na društvenoj razini. Zbog navedenog je iznimno važno razvijati učinkovite mjere za prevenciju ozljeda u tenisu, „bolje spriječiti nego liječiti“.Like many other sports, playing tennis - whether on a recreational, collegial or professional level - puts participants at risk of injury. Although many of the injuries that occur in tennis are common to other sports, tennis has a unique injury profile. Differences in equipment, biomechanics, and physical requirements result in an injury profile that differs from other rectal and throwing sports. Tennis injuries are also a common cause of certain disabilities, so this can have significant socio-economic consequences, both on a personal and social level. For these reasons, it is extremely important to develop effective measures to prevent tennis injuries, so that this does not even happen