Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
Not a member yet
1705 research outputs found
Sort by
EFFECTS OF DROP SET METHOD ON MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY
No full textMetoda opadajućih serija (eng. Drop Sets - DS) napredna je metoda vježbanja čija je primjena raširena među rekreativnim vježbačima i profesionalnim sportašima s ciljem postizanja dodatnoga razvoja mišićne hipertrofije i/ili jakosti. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio istražiti utjecaj DS metode na regionalni hipertrofijski razvoj mišića m. quadriceps femoris te usporediti njezine efekte s tradicionalnim načinom rada (TS). U ovom istraživanju korišten je randomizirani eksperimentalni nacrt unutar ispitanika. Uzorak se sastojao od 24 ispitanika (19,21 ± 1,10 godina; 183,13 ± 5,55 cm; 78,50 ± 7,11 kg). I jednoj i drugoj nozi svakoga ispitanika slučajnom raspodjelom dodijeljen je jedan od dva uvjeta: 1) DS – eksperimentalni uvjet ili 2) TS – kontrolni uvjet. Ispitanici su tri puta tjedno izvodili vježbu jednonožnog opružanja potkoljenice na trenažeru sjedeći. Ukupni radni volumen svaki tjedan progresivno se povećavao do zadnjega tjedna kada je volumen smanjen za pola. Regionalna debljina mišića analizirana je prije početka i nakon završetka trenažnog procesa. Obje su skupine povećale debljinu mišića kod m. rectus femoris (RF) (DS: +33%; TS: +15,7%) i m. vastus lateralis (VL) (DS: +20,8%; TS: +19,7%) uspoređujući mjerenja prije i poslije trenažne intervencije. DS metoda pokazala je statistički značajno veće promjene u 30% i 50% duljine RF, međutim nisu pronađene značajne razlike na 70% duljine RF kao ni na jednoj izmjerenoj točki VL u odnosu na efekte TS. Primjena DS metode vježbanja u kvalitetno programiranom trenažnom programu može biti od praktične primjene u obliku poboljšanja regionalne (neuniformne) mišićne hipertrofije u mišiću RF nakon prakticiranja sjedećih nožnih ekstenzija. No, kada je riječ o mišiću VL, DS metoda nije pokazala značajniju dobrobit u odnosu na TS metodu.Drop – set (DS) is an advanced training method widely used by recreational trainees and professional athletes with the goal of achieving additional hypertrophy or strength gains. The purpose of this study was to investigate DS influence on regional hypertrophic development of muscle m. quadriceps femoris and to compare these hypertrophic adaptations with those caused by traditional training method (TS). Design used in this study was a randomized controlled trial within-subject. There were 24 subjects (19,21 ± 1,10 age; 183,13 ± 5,55 cm; 78,50 ± 7,11 kg) who had one leg assigned to a DS condition or experimental condition (participants did 3 – 8 repetitions using 89% of 1 RM as a load) and another leg to TS condition or controlled group in which participants did 13 – 18 repetitions using 69% of 1 RM as training intensity. Participants have been training 3 times a week doing only unilateral seated leg extensions. Following principle of progressive overload, total training volume has been increasing every week till the last one when it was cut in half. Regional muscle thickness was measured before and after training period. Both conditions increased muscle thickness in muscles m. rectus femoris (RF) (DS: +33%; TS: +15,7%) and in m. vastus lateralis (VL) (DS: +20,8%; TS: +19,7%) from pre- to post-training intervention. Statistically greater increases have been found at 30% and 50% of RF length favouring DS condition, but no differences were detected at 70% length or at any measured point along VL length. DS method, if properly integrated in training programme, can have practical benefits in terms of producing non-uniform hypertrophy response in RF muscle after practicing leg extensions. But unfortunately, these advantages were not spotted regarding to VL muscle compared to TS
The analysis of technology development in America's cup sailboats and it's influence on development of sport sailing
No full textRazvoj tehnologije u jedrenju imao je veliki utjecaj na razinu rezultata u natjecateljskom jedrenju. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je predstaviti kako je razvoj tehnologije jedrenja u sportskom jedriličarskom natjecanju America's Cup utjecao na razvoj tehnologije jedrilica i jedrenja izvan tog natjecanja. U pozadini navedene regate gotovo su uvijek jedne od najvećih svjetskih korporacija. Stoga ne čudi da je America's Cup postao laboratorij za razvoj jedriličarskog sporta s kojeg su se redovito nova saznanja prenosila i na druge jedriličarske klase. Od 1980-ih do danas, evolucija tehnologije gradnje, korištenih materijala i dizajna trupa bila je ništa drugo do ekstremna. Pojavljuju se sve brži i snažniji trupovi, sve do pojave krila 2012. godine koja omogućuju brodovima "let" po vodi. Razvoj novih materijala omogućio je da se tehnologija krila primjenjuje i u razvoju brodova olimpijskih klasa. Poboljšanjem tehnoloških rješenja povećana je i sigurnost jedriličara te medijske praćenosti natjecanja što je izravno dovelo do veće popularnosti i praćenosti sportskog jedrenja. Kroz dva stoljeća, otkako natjecanje postoji, vjerojatno je postojalo puno inovativnih ideja za poboljšanje brodova. Međutim, društvo i tehnologije nisu tada bili još dovoljno razvijeni i te su ideje stavljene na čekanje. Trebalo je strpljivo čekati da se znanost i resursi spoje u kvalitetan projekt koji se može primijeniti na brodove, kako na brodove u America's Cupu tako i na ostale sportske jedrilice. Tehnologija napreduje svakim danom sve više te će biti veoma zanimljivo pratiti kako će to utjecati na daljnji razvoj jedrenja i brodova, čak već i u bližoj budućnosti.The development of technology in sailing had a great impact on the level of results in competitive sailing. The aim of this thesis is to present how the development of sailing technology in the America's Cup sailing competition influenced the development of sailing technology and sailing outside of that competition. Behind the mentioned regatta are almost always one of the world's largest corporations. Therefore, it is not surprising that the America's Cup became a laboratory for the development of sports sailing, from which new knowledge was regularly transferred to other sailing classes. From the 1980s to today, the evolution of construction technology, materials used and hull design has been nothing short of extreme. Faster and more powerful hulls appear, until the appearance of wings that allow ships to "fly" on water. The development of new materials has enabled foil technology to be applied in the development of Olympic-class ships. The improvement of technological solutions increased the safety of sailors and the media coverage of the competition, which directly led to greater popularity and coverage of sports sailing. In the two centuries since the competition has existed, there have probably been a lot of innovative ideas to improve the boats. However, society and technologies were not yet sufficiently developed and these ideas were put on hold. It was a matter of waiting patiently for the science and resources to come together in a quality project that could be applied to boats, both America's Cup ones and other sports yachts. Technology is advancing more and more every day, and it will be really interesting to follow how it will affect the further development of sailing and ships, already in the near future
Socioeconomic and parental correlates of physical activity in preschool children
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj razine obrazovanja roditelja i socio-ekonomskog statusa obitelji na razinu tjelesne aktivnosti i sjedilačko ponašanje djece predškolske dobi. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 1606 roditelja djece predškolske dobi državnih vrtića iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske. Općim upitnikom prikupljeni su podaci vezani uz socio-ekonomski status obitelji, a odnosili su se na zaposlenost oca i majke, razinu obrazovanja oca i majke, mjesečna primanja u kućanstvu, dob i spol djeteta, dok je za procjenu tjelesne aktivnosti i sjedilačkog ponašanja djece korišten “Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire”, prilagođen na hrvatski jezik. Utjecaj socio-ekonomskih čimbenika na razinu tjelesne aktivnosti i sjedilačkog ponašanja djece utvrđen je logističkom regresijskom analizom. Rezultati regresijske analize kojoj je kao kriterijska varijabla odabrana Tjelesna aktivnost djeteta (zbroj bodova) pokazuju da je regresijski model značajan. Značajni beta koeficijenti su utvrđeni kod varijabli Dob, Spol i Tjelesnu aktivnost majke. Isti rezultati dobiveni su i kada se varijabla tjelesne aktivnosti djeteta izrazila u obliku prosječne ocjene u upitniku NPAQ. Rezultati regresijske analize u kojoj je kao kriterijska varijabla Vrijeme pred ekranima (izraženo u minutama) pokazuju da je regresijski model statistički značajan. Prediktorske varijable za koje je utvrđen značajan beta koeficijent jesu Dob, Spol, Zaposlenost oca, Stupanj obrazovanja majke, Ukupna mjesečna primanja i Tjelesna aktivnost majke te se mogu smatrati značajnim korelatima sjedilačkog ponašanja u ovom istraživanju. Iz dobivenih podataka može se zaključiti kako socio-ekonomski status obitelji ima značajan utjecaj na tjelesnu aktivnost, tjelesnu neaktivnost i sjedilačko ponašanje djece.The aim of this research was to determine the influence of the level of parental education and socioeconomic status of the family on the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior of preschool children. The sample of participants consisted of 1,606 parents of children of preschool age in state kindergartens from different parts of Croatia. The general questionnaire was used to collect data related to the socio-economic status of the family and they referred to the employment of parents, the level of education of parental education, monthly income in the household, the age and gender of the child, and the "Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire", adapted to the Croatian language was used for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior of children. The influence of socio-economic factors on the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior of children was determined by logistic regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis in which the child's physical activity (sum of points) was selected as the criterion variable show that the regression model is significant. Significant beta coefficients were determined for the variables Age, Gender, and Physical activity of the mother. The same results were obtained when the child's physical activity variable was expressed in the form of an average score in the NPAQ questionnaire. The results of the regression analysis in which Screen time expressed in minutes was selected as the criterion variable show that the regression model is statistically significant. The predictor variables for which a significant beta coefficient was determined are Age, Gender, Father's employment, Mother's level of education, Total monthly income and Mother's physical activity and can be considered as significant correlates of sedentary behavior in this research. From the obtained data, it can be concluded that the socio-economic status of the family has a significant influence on physical activity, physical inactivity and sedentary behavior of children
ROLE OF RESISTANCE TRAINING VARIABLES IN HYPERTROPHY TRAINING
No full textPoznato je da je trening s otporom učinkovita strategija za povećanje mišićne mase kod ljudi. Mišićna hipertrofija predstavlja kronično stanje koje karakterizira povećanje poprečnog presjeka mišićnih vlakana. Iako mehanizmi zaslužni za pokretanje hipertrofijskih procesa nisu u potpunosti istraženi, pretpostavlja se da mehanička napetost, metabolički stres te mišićno oštećenje imaju određenu ulogu u navedenim procesima. Programi treninga s otporom sadrže varijable koje uključuju volumen, intenzitet, frekvenciju, intenzitet napora, interval odmora, vrstu mišićne akcije, trajanje ponavljanja, izbor vježbi, redoslijed vježbi i opseg pokreta. Primjerenom manipulacijom navedenih trenažnih varijabli moguće je značajno utjecati na kronične adaptacije mišićnog sustava. Ovaj diplomski rad pruža detaljan opis utjecaja pojedine varijable u treningu mišićne hipertrofije zajedno s praktičnim smjernicama.It is well known that resistance training is an effective strategy for increasing muscle mass in humans. Muscle hypertrophy is a chronic condition characterized by an increase in the cross-section of muscle fibers. Although the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of hypertrophic processes have not been fully investigated, it is assumed that mechanical tension, metabolic stress and muscle damage play a certain role in the aforementioned processes. Resistance training programs contain variables that include volume, intensity, frequency, intensity of effort, rest interval, type of muscle action, repetition duration, exercise selection, exercise order, and range of motion. Adequate manipulation of the mentioned training variables can significantly influence the chronic adaptations of the muscular system. This thesis provides a detailed description of the influence of individual variables in muscle hypertrophy training together with practical guidelines
The opinions and interests of citizens of Našice and vicinity concerning the founding of Watersports centre on the lake Lapovac
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove i interese građana grada Našica i njegove okolice za osnivanje centra sportova na vodi na jezeru Lapovac. Uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od 501 osobe (54 % ženskog spola, 46 % muškog spola) u dobi od 16 do 70 godina, stanovnici grada Našica i okolnih mjesta. Uzorak varijabli činilo je 17 pitanja podijeljenih u 7 skupina. Prva skupina pitanja odnosila se na opće podatke o ispitanicima, druga skupina o razini tjelesne aktivnosti, a treća skupina o osobnom iskustvu sa sportovima u i na vodi. Slijedeće četiri skupine pitanja bile su usmjerene na ispitivanje zainteresiranosti za rekreativnim bavljenjem sportovima na vodi, uključivanje djece u programe sportova na vodi, sigurnost provedbe aktivnosti sportova na vodi te stavovi ispitanika o izgradnji centra sportova na vodi. Na temelju rezultata, pomoću programskog paketa Statistica 13, podaci su analizirani deskriptivnom statistikom i frekvencijom čestica. Trenutno stanje infrastrukture i prirodnih uvjeta pokazuje veliki potencijal za osnivanje centra sportova na vodi. Rezultati pokazuju da je 399 (79 %) ispitanika zainteresirano za bavljenje sportovima na vodi i da je 450 (90 %) ispitanika voljno probati neki od sportova na vodi koji će se provoditi te 487 (97 %) ispitanika podržava osnivanje centra sportova na vodi na jezeru Lapovac. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata zaključeno je da su ispitanici zainteresiran za osnivanje centra sportova na vodi i da u velikoj većini podržavaju osnivanje spomenutog centra.The aim of this paper was to find out the attitudes and interests of the citizens of the city of Našice and its surrounding settlements regarding the establishment of a water sports centre on Lake Lapovac. The sample consisted of 501 respondents (54% female, 46% male) between the ages of 16 and 70, residents of the city of Našice and surrounding settlements. The sample of variables consisted of 17 questions divided into 7 groups. The first group of questions related to general information about the respondents, the second group about their level of physical activity, and the third group about personal experience with sports in and on water. The other four groups of questions were aimed at examining the interest in recreational water sports, the inclusion of children in water sports programs, the safety of water sports activities, and the views of respondents regarding the construction of a water sports centre. Based on the results, using the Statistica 13 software package, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics and item frequency methods. The current state of infrastructure and natural conditions shows great potential for the establishment of a water sports centre. The results show that 399 (79%) respondents are interested in practicing water sports and that 450 (90%) respondents are willing to try some of the water sports that will be offered, and 487 (97%) respondents support the establishment of a water sports centre on Lake Lapovac. Finally, we can conclude that the respondents are interested in the establishment of a water sports centre and that the vast majority support the establishment of the aforementioned centre
FLUID LOSSES DURING A FOOTBALL MATCH AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
No full textUtakmice za vrijeme vrućina predstavljaju veliki izazov organizmu u regulaciji tjelesne temperature. Dobro je poznato da u uvjetima visokih temperatura stope znojenja kod sportaša mogu biti visoke, dok povećani gubitci vode i elektrolita mogu negativno utjecati na sportsku izvedbu, ali i na zdravlje igrača. Dehidracija dovodi do povećanog naprezanjem kardiovaskularnog sustava, zamora mišića, smanjene sposobnosti oporavka što rezultira padom brzine, izdržljivosti i koncentracije sportaša. Problematika gubitka tekućine kod sportaša privukla je pozornost, no malo je istraživanja provedeno u natjecateljskim uvjetima za vrijeme nogometne utakmice. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti status hidracije nogometaša prije i nakon nogometne utakmice, gubitak tekućine znojem i količinu unesene tekućine tijekom nogometne utakmice pri visokim temperaturama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 20 poluprofesionalnih igrača seniorskog uzrasta koji su odigrali dvije prijateljske utakmice: prvu pri 29,4°C, uz vlažnost zraka 75 %, a drugu pri 23,4°C, uz vlažnost zraka 62 %. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je prosječan gubitak tjelesne mase igrača tijekom utakmice bio -1,06 ± 0,88 kg a varirao je između -2,45 kg i 0,8 kg. Dehidracija je u prosjeku iznosila 1,4 ± 1,2 %. Kod 30 % igrača dehidracija bila je veća od 2 % tjelesne mase što se smatra granicom nakon koje zbog dehidracije dolazi do pada sportskih performansi. Gubitak znoja u prosjeku iznosio je oko 650 ml, a stopa znojenja oko 600 ml/h. Praćenjem specifične težine urina utvrđeno je da je 35 %, odnosno 7 od 20 igrača na utakmicu došlo dehidrirano. Postoji statistički značajna razlika za podatak specifične težine urine prije i poslije (p < 0,05). Specifična težina urina prije utakmice bila je 1.020 a nakon utakmice 1.025. 13 od 20 igrača bila su dehidrirana nakon utakmice, odnosno 65 % igrača. Iz dobivenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da je potrebno educirati igrače i trenere o važnosti hidracije s naglaskom na individualne potrebe svakog sportaša pri visokim temperaturama budući da je dio igrača na utakmicu došao dehidriran a nakon utakmice je većina njih bila dehidrirana.Matches held in hot weather represent a great challenge for the body in terms of regulating body temperature. It is well known that in conditions of high temperatures, athletes’ sweat rates can be high, while increased loss of water and electrolytes can negatively affect sports performance, as well as the health of players. Dehydration leads to an increased strain on the cardiovascular system, muscle fatigue, reduced ability to recover, which in turn results in a decrease in speed, endurance and focus of athletes. The issue of fluid loss in athletes has sparked some interest, but little research has been conducted during a football match in competitive conditions. The aim of this research was to assess the hydration status of football players before and after a football match, fluid loss through sweat and the amount of fluid ingested during a football match at high temperatures. The research was done on a sample of 20 senior semi-professional players who played two friendly matches: the first one at 29.4°C, with 75 % air humidity, and the second one at 23.4°C, with 62 % air humidity. The results of the research revealed that the players’ average body mass loss during a match was -1.06 ± 0.88 kg, and it varied between -2.45 kg and 0.8 kg. Dehydration averaged 1.4 ± 1.19 %. 30% of players displayed dehydration greater than 2 % of their body mass, which is considered the limit after which sports performance decrease due to dehydration The average sweat loss amounted to 650 ml, and the sweating rate was 600 ml/h. By monitoring the weight gravity of urine, it was determined that 35 % of the players, 7 out of 20 showed up to the match dehydrated. The difference between the data was statistically significant: the specific weight of urine before the match was 1.020, and 1.025 after the match. 13 out of 20 players were dehydrated after the match, i.e., 65 % of the players. We can conclude from the obtained results that it is necessary to educate players and coaches about the importance of hydration with an emphasis on the individual needs of each athlete, since some of the players came to the match dehydrated, and after the match most of them were dehydrated
DIFFERENCES IN THE SITUATIONAL EFFICIENCY PARAMETERS OF SERVE AND RETURN OF SERVE BETWEEN WINNERS AND DEFEATED PLAYERS AT THE 2021 ROLAND GARROS
No full textBudući da servis i vraćanje servisa čine skupinu tehničko-taktičkih elemenata od kojih ovisi uspjeh u teniskom meču, cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi razlike u parametrima situacijske uspješnosti servisa i vraćanja servisa između igrača pobjednika i poraženih na Roland Garrosu 2021. godine. Uzorak ispitanika čine 128 igrača koji su se plasirali u glavni ždrijeb turnira u muškoj konkurenciji. Uzorak varijabli sastoji se od ukupno 16 varijabli koje su podijeljene na parametre servisa i parametre vraćanja servisa. Razlike između parametara situacijske efikasnosti servisa između igrača pobjednika i poraženih utvrđene su t-testom za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati su pokazali kako u prvom setu kod pobjednika broj dvostrukih pogrešaka u prosjeku iznosi (0,94 ± 1,05) dok je kod poraženih to (1,25 ± 1,09) pogrešaka. Također, rezultati pokazuju kako poraženi imaju veći broj ubačenih drugih servisa od pobjednika, ali da pobjednici ipak postižu značajno veći broj poena (14,46 ± 4,52) nakon ubačenog drugog servisa u odnosu na poražene igrače (12,6 ± 5,19). Ono što je očekivano i u skladu s dosadašnjim istraživanjima je da pobjednici postižu veći broj osvojenih servis gemova (4,1 ± 1,02) i break lopti (1,58 ± 0,98) u odnosu na poražene u prvom setu (3,2 ± 1,52 i 0,72 ± 0,78). U drugom setu dobiveno je da pobjednici postižu statistički značajno bolje rezultate u broju as udaraca (2,16 ± 2,02) u odnosu na poražene (1,58 ± 1,61). Nadalje, vidljivo je kako poraženi imaju veći broj ubačenih prvih i drugih servisa (30,84 ± 8,34) u odnosu na pobjednike (28,7 ± 8,09), a to je dobar pokazatelj kako igrači pobjednici bolje vraćaju servis. Najmanja razlika između igrača pobjednika i poraženih javlja se u trećem setu gdje su razlike vidljive samo u parametrima vraćanja servisa gdje igrači pobjednici postižu bolje rezultate. Ono što je zanimljivo da su u trećem setu najveće razlike između igrača pobjednika i poraženog u varijablama vraćanja servisa. Tako igrači pobjednici postižu značajno veći broj osvojenih poena nakon vraćenog prvog i drugog servisa. Također, pobjednici imaju veći broj osvojenih break lopti (1,52 ± 0,94) u odnosu na poražene igrače (0,76 ± 0,85).Since service and service return constitute a group of technical-tactical elements on which success in a tennis match depends, the aim of this study is to determine differences in the parameters of situational service success and service return between winning and losing players at Roland Garros 2021. The sample of respondents consists of 128 players who placed in the main draw of the tournament in the men's competition. The sample of variables consists of a total of 16 variables that are divided into service parameters and service return parameters. Differences between service situational performance parameters between winning players and losers were determined by t-test for independent samples. The results showed that in the first set, the number of double faults in the winners averaged (0.94 ± 1.05), while in the losers up to (1.25 ± 1.09) the error. Also, the results show that the losers have a higher number of inserted other services than the winners, but that the winners still score a significantly higher number of points (14.46 ± 4.52) after the second serve was inserted compared to the defeated players (12.6 ± 5.19 ). What is expected and in accordance with previous research is that the winners achieve a higher number of won game services (4.1 ± 1.02) and break balls (1.58 ± 0.98) compared to the losers in the first set (3.2 ± 1.52 and 0.72 ± 0.78). In the second set, the winners achieved statistically significantly better results in the number of strokes (2.16 ± 2.02) compared to the losers (1.58 ± 1.61). Furthermore, it can be seen that the losers have a higher number of inserted first and second services (30.84 ± 8.34) compared to the winners (28.7 ± 8.09), which is a good indicator of how the winning players return the service better. The biggest difference between the winning players and the losers occurs in the third set where the differences are only visible in the service return parameters where the winning players achieve better results. What is interesting is that in the third set, the biggest differences between the winning player and the loser are in the variables of service return. Thus, the winning players score a significantly higher number of points after returning the first and second serve. Also, the winners have a higher number of break points won (1.52 ± 0.94) compared to the lost games (0.76 ± 0.85)
Long-term sports preparation in sport dance
No full textPles estetska konvencionalna kineziološka aktivnost, acikličkog tipa kretanja od pamtivijeka upražnjavana kao način komunikacije, odraz kulture, način postizanja zdravlja. Ples je kineziološki fenomen koji čini spoj sporta i umjetnosti . Godišnji plan i program u sportskom plesu bazira se na trociklusnoj periodizaciji, tri makrociklusa što ga čini jednim od složenijih sustava rada. Nužno je izgraditi proporcionalnu longitudinalnu mišićnu masu, a istovremeno zadržati nizak postotak potkožnog masnog tkiva. Periode je nužno precizno razraditi s obzirom na kompleksnost postizanja forme i kalendar natjecanja. U radu je opisan povijesni plesni razvoj, pojava plesnih natjecanja te osnivanje plesne federacije World Dance Sport Federation čije se ime mijenjalo kroz povijest. U lijepoj našoj djeluje Hrvatski sportski plesni savez (HSPS) kao član WDSF-a. Glavni dio rada i sami cilj rada je prikazati načine provođenja plana i programa u svrhu postizanja rezultatske uspješnosti. Plesovi imaju zajednička obilježja, elemente tehnike, no specifični su podrijetlom, nastankom i prezentacijom stoga iako ih dijelimo u standardne i latinsko-američke i unutar ove podjele se razlikuju. Tehnički elementi preduvjet su za pravilno izvođenje plesnih figura, a tehniku smatramo bazom plesnog treninga. Opisani su primjeri provođenja plesnih treninga te neke od metodskih vježbi. Kretanje je nužna čovjekova potreba , a u plesu se pokreću svi dijelovi tijela pa je ova aktivnost pogodna za održavanje zdravlja svim populacijama. Dobrobiti plesa su mnogobrojne, predstavlja relaksaciju kroz zabavu uz glazbu, smanjuje osjećaj boli, povećava mišićnu masu i snagu, reducira potkožno masno tkivo, poboljšava kardiovaskularni i respiratorni sustav... Plesom poboljšavamo motoriku te se kreativno izražavamo. Plesna koreografija plesaču i treneru omogućava da znanjem i umijećem koreografiraju emocije i ispričaju priče pokretom, vođeni glazbom. Rad možemo podijeliti na tri dijela. Prvi dio koji govori općenito o plesu i njegovom razvoju, drugi dio koji se odnosi na stvaranje plana i programa za dugoročnu specijalizaciju te treći dio koji sadrži sumarne parametre, primjere treninga i konkretnog plana i programa.Dance has been esthetic conventional kinesiologic activity of acyclic type of motion since it was a way of movement communication, culture reflection and health achievement tool. Dance is kinesiologic phenomena that is a mixture of sport and arts.The annual plan and program in sports dance are based on a three-cycle periodization, three macrocycles, which makes it one of the most complex work systems. It is necessary to build a proportional longitudinal muscle mass, and really retains a low percentage of fat tissue. Periods should be precisely planned to achieve the needed form according to calendar of the competition. This paper describes the historical development of dance, the appearance of dance competitions and the foundation of the World Dance Sport Federation, whose name has changed throughout history. In our Croatia, the Croatian Dance Sport Federation (HSPS) operates as a member of the WDSF. The main part of the paper and the real goal of the paper is to present the way of implementing the plan and the program to achieve the result of the outcome. Dances have common characteristics, technique elements, but are specific by origin, design and in presentation, therefore, although we divide them into Standard and Latin American, they are different within this division. Technical elements are a prerequisite for the correct execution of dance figures, and we consider the technical basis of dance training. Examples of dance training are described, and some methodical exercises are presented. The movement is a necessary human need, and in dance all parts of the body are addressed, making this activity suitable for maintaining health in all populations. The benefits of dance are numerous, it is a relaxation through fun with music, reduces the sensation of pain, increases muscle mass and strength, reduces fat tissue, improves the cardiovascular and respiratory systems ... We improve motor skills with dance and express ourselves creatively. Dance choreography enables dancer and trainer to create choreography and tell the stories by movement synchronized with music. The paper can be divided into three parts. The first part, which speaks in general about dance and its development, the second part refers to the creation of plan and programs for long-term specialization, and the third contains sums parameters, examples of training and specific plan and program
Relationship between kinematic variables and results in elite male 100 meters sprinters
No full textSprint na 100 metara jedna je od najpopularnijih sportskih disciplina uopće. Biti najbrži na 100 metara zahtjeva dovođenje do savršenstva brojnih parametara povezanih s uspješnošću u ovoj disciplini.
Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost kinematičkih parametara sprinterskog trčanja s ukupnim rezultatom trčanja na 100 metara kod vrhunskih svjetskih sprintera. Kinematički parametri 8 sprintera sudionika finalne utrke na 100 m na Svjetskom prvenstvu u Londonu 2017. godine obrađeni su deskriptivnom i korelacijskom analizom.
Pri ostvarivanju najbržeg vremena presudna je bila maksimalna brzina trčanja te njeno održavanje prema kraju utrke. Maksimalna brzina je određena duljinom koraka i frekvencijom koraka koji su statistički negativno povezani uz visok stupanj korelacije od -0,99.
Segment utrke od 50. do 70. metra je segment u kojem su atletičari ostvarili svoje najveće brzine nakon čega je došlo do pada brzine u završnom dijelu utrke. S obzirom da se radi o vrhunskim atletičarima, sa jako malom varijabilnosti u iznosima kutova u zglobovima za vrijeme prednjeg odnosno stražnjeg oslonca, analiza je pokazala tek nekoliko statistički značajnih povezanosti kutova u zglobovima sa ukupnim rezultatom utrke. Statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost sa ukupnim rezultatom ostvarena je sa kutom pretklona trupa kada je desna noga u poziciji prednjeg oslonca sa koeficijentom 0,87 i kuta u koljenu lijeve noge kada je ista u poziciji prednjeg oslonca sa koeficijentom 0,75.100 meter dash is one of the most popular sport events in general. It is necessary to improve to perfectiona a numerous of parameters related with success in this sprintig event.
The aim of this study was to determine the correlations of kinematic indicators of sprint running with the result at 100 meter dash. A total of eight athletes and an analysis of their results of the final race of the 2017 World Championships in London were the subject of this research.
The results of the research showed that the crucial role in winning gold medal was played by the maximal speed and its maintenance until the end of the race. The maximal speed is determined by two parameters. Step length and step frequency, which as determined by the analysis of correlations in this research, were statistically negatively corelated with a high coeficient of correlation of -0.99.
The race 50 to 70 meter segment is the segment in which the athletes achieved their highest speeds after which there was a drop in speed in the final part of the race.
Participants of this research were top athletes, with very small variability in the amount of joint angles during touchdown and toe off, the analysis showed only a few statistically significant correlations of joint angles with the overall race result. A statistically significant positive correlation with the overall result was achieved with the trunk angle when the right leg is in the touchdown position with a coefficient of 0.87 and the left leg knee angle when it is in the touchdown position with a coefficient of 0.75
THE EFFECT OF KINESITHERAPY ON PEOPLE WITH FIBROMYALGIA
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je sistematizirati dosadašnje spoznaje o sindromu mišićno-koštane kronične boli, ukazati na njegovu problematiku te navesti utjecaje tjelesnog vježbanja na osobe kojima je isti dijagnosticiran. Recentna istraživanja upućuju na određene kemijske procese koji su prisutni kod pacijenata, no točna etiologija i patogeneza još uvijek nisu definirane. Kronična bol, umor, neadekvatan san i kognitivne teškoće uz prisutnost određenih komorbiditeta čine tipičnu kliničku sliku. Dijagnoza se postavlja pomoću posebno definiranih kriterija koji, osim analize simptoma, uključuju anamnestičke podatke te bol prisutnu u 11 od 18 osjetljivih točaka. Pristup liječenju je multidisciplinaran, a njegov glavni oblik predstavlja kombinaciju lijekova i nefarmakoloških metoda poput terapijskog vježbanja i kognitivno-bihevioralne terapije. Za postizanje optimalnih rezultata potrebno je aktivno sudjelovanje pacijenta i njegove obitelji u procesu liječenja, kao i njihova edukacija.The aim of this thesis was to systematize former cognitions about chronic muskuloskeletal pain syndrome, to indicate on its problems and cite the influence of physical exercise on people with diagnosis. Recent explorations suggest certain chemical processes present in patients but the exact etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been defined. Chronic pain, fatique, inadequate sleep and cognitive difficulties with the presence of certain comorbidities form a typical clinical picture. The diagnosis is made using specially defined criteria which, in addition to the analysis of symptoms, include anamnestic data and pain present in 11 of the 18 sensitive points. Treatment approach is multidisciplinary and its main form is a combination of drugs and non-pharmacological methods such as therapeutic exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Achieving optimal results requires the active participation of the patient and his family in the treatment process, as well as their education