Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
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DIFFERENCES IN SOME MOTOR SKILLS IN FUTSAL PLAYERS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE TRAINING PROCESS
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi je li došlo do napretka u pojedinim motoričkim sposobnostima nakon provedenog trenažnog procesa u izabranim kategorijama, kao i utvrditi postoji li razlika između samih uzrasnih kategorija. Sudionici istraživanja su bili igrači „MNK Futsal Dinamo“. Uzorak ispitanika se sastojao od 44 igrača, 15 U - 19 igrača ( juniori ), 16 U - 17 igrača ( kadeti) i 13 U - 15 igrača ( stariji pioniri ). Za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti ispitanici su podvrgnuti testiranju koje se sastojalo od 7 testova, sprint 10 i 30 metara, skok u dalj s mjesta, test 93639 bez okreta, T- test i 30 sekundi trbušnjaci i čučnjevi. Deskriptivnom analizom došli smo do prosječnih vrijednosti koje su uspoređene, a Studentovim T- testom do rezultata p - vrijednosti. Zaključak je kako su u prosjeku sve tri generacije napredovale nakon 5 mjeseci trenažnog procesa i ostvarile bolje rezultate u testovima. Također, iz rezultata je vidljivo kako su juniori imali bolje rezultate od kadeta i starijih pionira, dok su kadeti imali bolje rezultate od starijih pionira.The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an improvement in certain motor skills after the training process in the selected categories, as well as to determine whether there is a difference between the age categories themselves. The participants in the research were the players of "MNK Futsal Dinamo". The sample of respondents consisted of 44 players, 15 U-19 players, 16 U - 17 players and 13 U - 15 players. To assess motor skills, subjects underwent a testing consisting of 7 tests, a 10- and 30-meter sprint, a long jump, a 93639 no - turn test, a T-test, and 30 seconds of sit-ups and squats. By descriptive analysis, we came up with average values that were compared, and with Student T - test we found the p - value. The conclusion is that on average all three generations progressed after 5 months of the training process and achieved better test results. Also, the results show that U - 19 had better results than U - 17 and U - 15, while U - 17 had better results than U - 15
DETERMINING METRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SIQ SMART SENSOR BASKETBALL
No full textSkok šut je jedan od najpoznatijih načina šutiranja kojim igrač u košarci pokušava ubaciti loptu u koš. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi metrijske karakteristike novog mjernog instrumenta za mjerenje kinematičkih parametara skok šuta u košarci. Istraživanje je provedeno na 10 košarkaša seniorske kategorije dobi 25,50 ± 2,01 godina, visine 183,22 ± 8,40 centimetara, mase 83,09 ± 9,33 kilograma i 13,48 ± 2,76% potkožnog masnog tkiva. Promatrane varijable su: brzina izbačaja lopte i kut izbačaja lopte, te su mjerene SIQ Smart Sensor košarkaškom loptom i programom za sportsku video analizu Kinovea. Rezultati ukazuju na dobre mjerne karakteristike u varijabli brzina izbačaja kod šuta za dva (r=0,40) i tri poena (r=0,83). Ostale varijable nisu pokazale statističku značajnu povezanost te se zaključuje da ovaj uređaj nema dobre metrijske karakteristike (valjanost) usporedbom sa sustavom za video analizu.Jump shot is one of the most famous ways of shooting in which a basketball player tries to throw the ball into the basket. The aim of this research is to determine the methric characteristics of a new measuring instrument for measuring the kinematic parameters of jump shot in basketball. The study was conducted on 10 senior basketball players aged 25,50 ± 2,01 years, height 183,22 ± 8,40 centimeters, weight 83,09 ± 9,33 kilograms and 13,48 ± 2,76% of subcutaneous fat. The observed variables were: ball throwing speed and ball throwing angle, and were measured by SIQ Smart Sensor basketball ball and Kinovea sports video analysis program. The results indicate good measurement characteristics when it comes to the velocity variable of shots for two (r=0,40) and three points (r=0,83). Other variables did not reveal any statistically significant correlation and it has been concluded that this device does not offer good metric characteristics (validity) compared to the video analysis system
INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL DEFENSIVE ACTIONS ON THE OUTCOME OF YOUTH LEAGUE FOOTBALL MATCHES
No full textSve je veća potreba za povratnom informacijom uživo na terenu pa je brzina i točnost informacija
pružana kompjuterskom analizom ključna za planiranje daljnjih postupaka u igri, a i kasniju
obradu te moguću primjenu za planiranje i programiranje treninga i utakmica (Sarmento i sur.,
2018). Ta ideja bila je misao vodilja ovog rada čiji je cilj prikazati utjecaj obrambenih akcija
(reposjed: 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, postotak osvojenih duela, postotak osvojenih obrambenih duela, postotak
osvojenih zračnih duela, postotak osvojenih klizećih startova, presječena lopta, izbijena lopta i
dozvoljeni broj dodavanja protivniku prije oduzimanja lopte) na ishod nogometne utakmice
(pobjeda, nerješeno, poraz), te njihov utjecaj na broj primljenih pogodaka. Podatke je pružala
Nogometna škola „GNK Dinamo Zagreb“ za kategorije U19 (33 utakmice) i U18 (30utakmica) iz
2021. godine koja podrazumijeva drugu polusezonu 2020./2021. i prvu polusezonu 2021./2022.
Uz pomoć Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije tražila se statistička značajnost određene varijable
i njezin utjecaj na ishod nogometne utakmice. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu korelaciju
ishoda utakmice i broja reposjeda 1/3 (r=-0,311, p<0,05) i broja reposjeda 3/3 (r=0,269, p<0,05),
te povezanost postotka osvojenih klizećih startova sa ishodom utakmice (r=-0,249, p<0,05). Broj
reposjeda u 1/3 (r=0,262, p<0,05) i u 3/3 (r=-0,362, p<0,05) također statistički značajno utječu na
broj primljenih pogodaka, te najzanimljiviji podatak da PPDA (r=0,261, p<0,05) utječe na broj
primljenih pogodaka. Za ovaj rad koristili su se podaci Wyscout platforme koja pruža usluge
obrade podataka video analizom i Statistica 13.0 program za obradu podataka.There is a growing need for live feedback on the field, so the speed and accuracy of information
provided by computer analysis is crucial for planning further procedures in the game, and later
processing and possible application for planning and programming training and matches
(Sarmento et al., 2018). This idea was the guiding thought of this paper, which aims to show the
impact of defensive actions (repossession: 1/3, 2/3, 3/3, percentage of duels won, percentage of
defensive duels won, percentage of air duels won, percentage of sliding tackles won, interceptions,
clearances and allowed number of passes to the opponent before taking the ball) on the outcome
of the football match (win, draw, defeat), and their impact on the number of goals conceded. Data
were provided by the Football Academy "GNK Dinamo Zagreb" for the categories U19 (33 games)
and U18 (30 games) from year 2021., which includes the second half of the season 2020/2021 and
the first half of the season 2021/2022. With the help of Pearson's correlation coefficient, the
statistical significance of a certain variable and its influence on the outcome of a football match
was sought. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the outcome of the
match and the number of repossessions 1/3 (r = -0.311, p <0.05) and the number of repossessions
3/3 (r = 0.269, p <0.05), and the relationship between the percentage of sliding tackles won with
the outcome of the match (r = -0.249, p <0.05). The number of repossessions in 1/3 (r = 0.262, p
<0.05) and in 3/3 (r = -0.362, p <0.05) also statistically significantly affects the number of
conceded goals, and the most interesting fact is that PPDA (r=0.261, p <0.05) affects the number
of conceded goals. Data from the Wyscout platform, which provides video analysis data processing
services, and the Statistica 13.0 data processing program were used for this work
SPORT PERFORMANCE DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE
No full textHormonalne promjene koje se događaju tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa sve više postaju predmetom istraživanja, zbog svog još uvijek nepotpuno razjašnjenog utjecaja na sportsku izvedbu. Dok su kod muškaraca prisutni stabilni endokrinološki uvjeti, velike hormonalne varijacije između pojedinih faza menstrualnog ciklusa otežavaju stvaranje komparativnih uvjeta, što ima direktan utjecaj na planiranje i programiranje treninga, te natjecanja. Tako neke sportašice percipiraju pogoršanje sportske izvedbe u određenoj fazi menstrualnog ciklusa, dok ih druge sportašice uopće ne doživljavaju. S obzirom da vrhunski sport ima sve veće zahtjeve, nameće se pitanje u kojoj mjeri i u kojem se smjeru događaju promjene u sportskoj izvedbi za vrijeme menstrualnog ciklusa, te kako bi se hormonalne fluktuacije koje se događaju iz mjeseca u mjesec, okrenule u korist sportašica i njihovog zdravlja, a u isto vrijeme maksimizirala sportska izvedba. S druge strane, postoji velik broj poremećaja menstrualnog ciklusa koji mogu utjecati i/ili su povezani s intenzivnom fizičkom aktivnošću, te se ovim radom želi skrenuti pozornost na važnost redovitog menstrualnog ciklusa, kao i razlike u svakoj pojedinoj fazi. Cilj ovog rada je napraviti narativni pregled literature o sportskoj izvedbi u različitim fazama menstrualnog ciklusa, te ukazati na percipirane promjene koje prijavljuju same sportašice, kao i objektivne promjene koje su se utvrđivale aerobnim i anaerobnim testovima, kao i testovima jakosti. Time se želi pomoći trenerima kako bi bolje razumjeli menstrualni ciklus, te promjene koje se događaju, s ciljem poboljšanja planiranja i programiranja treninga za žene bilo u vrhunskom ili rekreativnom sportu kako bi se postigli maksimalni rezultati.Hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle are increasingly becoming the subject of research, due to their still incompletely clarified impact on sports performance. While stable endocrinological conditions are present in men, large hormonal variations between individual phases of the menstrual cycle make it difficult to create comparative conditions, which has a direct impact on the planning and programming of training and competition. Thus, some athletes have a perception of deteriorating sports performance at a certain stage of the menstrual cycle, while other athletes do not experience them at all. As toplevel sport has increasing demands, the question arises as to what extent and in what direction changes in sports performance occur during the menstrual cycle, and how to turn hormonal fluctuations that occur from month to month in favor of athletes and their health, while maximizing sports performance. On the other hand, there are many menstrual disorders that can affect and / or are associated with intense physical activity, and this paper seeks to draw attention to the importance of a regular menstrual cycle, as well as differences in each phase. The aim of this paper is to make a narrative review of the literature on sports performance at different stages of the menstrual cycle, and to point out perceived changes reported by athletes themselves, as well as objective changes determined by aerobic and anaerobic tests, as well as strength tests. This aims to help coaches to better understand the menstrual cycle and the changes that are happening, with the aim of improving the planning and programming of training for women in either top or recreational sports to achieve maximum results
DYNAMIC AND STATIC TRUNC MUSCLE STRENGTH OF RECREATIONAL DANCERS OF DIFFERENT DANCE STYLES
No full textPles postoji u životu ljudi još od davnina. Kroz povijest pod utjecajem različitih kultura razvio se veliki broj različitih plesnih stilova. Uspješnost u plesu ovisi o stupnju savladane plesne tehnike, ali i o pojedinim motoričkim sposobnostima. Jedna od njih je dinamička i statička snaga trupa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li statistički značajne razlike u pojedinim varijablama dinamičke i statičke snage mišića trupa kod rekreativnih plesača baleta, jazz-a i narodnog plesa. 86 rekreativnih plesača sudjelovalo je u istraživanju, 23 plesača baleta, 35 plesača jazz-a i 28 plesača narodnog plesa iz različitih plesnih studija i umjetničkih društava. Prvi skup varijabli obuhvaćao je morfološke karakteristike (tjelesna visina i tjelesna težina), drugi skup varijabli procjenjuje dinamičke snage mišića trupa (podizanje trupa u 60 sekundi i dinamički zaklon u 60 sekundi) i treći skup varijabli za procjenu statičke snage mišića trupa (test izdržljivosti ekstenzora trupa, test izdržljivosti fleksora trupa, test izdržljivosti lateralnih fleksora trupa lijeve i desne strane tijela). Rezultati dobiveni univarijatnom analizom varijance pojedinih varijabli potvrdili su statistički značajnu razliku u varijablama dinamičke snage mišića trupa između grupa narodni-balet i narodni-jazz, te u varijabli test izdržljivosti mišića trupa lijeve strane tijela za mjerenje statičke snage mišića trupa između grupa narodni-balet. Rezultati preostalih varijabli između različitih plesnih stilova nisu bili statistički značajni.Dance has been a part of people`s lives since ancient times. Throughout history a large number of different dance styles have developed under the influence of different cultures. Success in dance depends on the level of mastered dance technique, but also on individual motor skills. One of them is the dynamic and static muscle strength. The aim of this research is to prove statistically significant differences in certain variables of dynamic and static trunk muscle strength in recreational ballet, jazz and folk dancers. 86 recreational dancers participated in the research, 23 ballet dancers, 35 jazz dancers and 28 folk dancers from various dance studios and folklore society. The first set of variables represents the morphological characteristics (body height and body weight), the second set of variables measures the dynamic muscle strength (sit up endurance test in 60 seconds and dynamic trunk extensions in 60 seconds), and the third set of variables measures the static strength of the trunk muscles (endurance test of trunk extensors, endurance test of the trunk flexors, endurance test of the lateral trunk flexors of the left and right sides of the body). The results obtained by the univariate analysis of variance of individual variables confirmed a statistically significant difference in the variables of the dynamic strength of the trunk muscles between the folk-ballet and folk-jazz groups, and in the variable of the trunk muscle endurance test on the left side of the body to measure the static strength of the trunk muscles between the folk-ballet group. The results of the remaining variables between different dance styles were not statistically significant
Sesamoid bones and related problems in athletes
No full textSezamoidne kosti su male kosti koje su u tijelu obično urasle u mišić ili najčešće tetivu u blizini zglobnih površina. Funkcije ovih kostiju su modificiranje pritiska, smanjenje trenja čime se štite tetive, mijenjanje smjera povlačenja mišića te pomoć pri mišićnim radnjama. Najveća i najpoznatija sezamoidna kost u tijelu je patella. Ona služi za prijenos sile m. quadriceps femoris na potkoljenicu tako da omogućuje ekstenziju potkoljenice te isto tako služi za zaštitu i stabilizaciju zgloba koljena. Česta pojava su i sezamoide kosti šake i stopala. U stopalu je njihova najveća prisutnost zabilježena u području prvog metatarzalnog zgloba. U šaci se redovito nalaze dvije sezamoidne kosti na spoju metakarpalne kosti i proksimalnog članka palca, a mogu se pojaviti i na ostalim metakarpalnim kostima. Rjeđa anatomska varijacija sezamoidnih kostiju su cyamella i fabella koje najčešće nastaju kao posljedica povećanog opterećenja tetiva. U sportaša najčešće ozljede vezane uz sezamoide kosti zahvaćaju patelu i sezamoidne kosti stopala. Ozljede se javljaju kao posljedica preopterećenja i visokointenzivnih aktivnosti, rjeđe kao posljedica izravne traume. Najčešće ozljede su stres fraktura medijalne sezamoidne kosti palca te fraktura i nestabilnost patele.Sesamoid bones are small bones that are usually embedded in a muscle or most often in a tendon near the joint surfaces. The functions of these bones are to modify pressure, reduce friction which protects the tendons, change the direction of muscle pull and help with muscle actions. The largest and best-known sesamoid bone in the body is the patella. The patella serves to transfer the force of the quadriceps femoris muscle to the lower leg so that it enables the extension of the lower leg and also serves to protect and stabilize the knee joint. The sesamoid bones of the hand and foot are also common. In the foot, the highest presence is recorded in the area of the first metatarsal joint. In the hand, there are regularly two sesamoid bones on the articular junction of the metacarpal bone and the proximal phalanx of the thumb, and they can also appear on other metacarpal bones. A rarer anatomical variation of the sesamoid bones are cyamella and fabella, which most often occur as a result of increased load on the tendons. In athletes, the most common injuries related to the sesamoid bones affect the patella and the sesamoid bones of the foot. Injuries occur as a result of overloading and high-intensity activities, less often as a result of direct trauma. The most common injuries are stress fractures of the medial sesamoid bone of the big toe and fracture and instability of the patella
Lumbar lordosis - its evolutionary development and role in the human locomotion
No full textLumbalna lordoza, zakrivljenost donjeg dijela kralježnice, bila je izrazito bitna evolucijska adaptacija za dvonožno kretanje u ljudi, zbog omogućenog dodatnog uravnoteženja i uspravljanja trupa. Lordoza je povezana s povećanom pokretljivošću donjeg dijela leđa i većom sposobnošću ublažavanja lumbalnog opterećenja. S druge strane, zakrivljenost lumbalne kralježnice je također povezana s manjom stabilnošću te povećanim rizikom od ozljeda. Ovaj je kompromis rezultat selekcijskih pritisaka koji su uvjetovali adaptacijske promjene u lumbalnoj lordozi tijekom evolucije čovjeka. U suvremena čovjeka lumbalna regija kralježnice je često mjesto ozljeda i oštećenja. Zbog značajnih opterećenja, to je od posebne važnosti i za populaciju sportaša. Analiza lordoze u suvremena čovjeka može pomoći u prevenciji i liječenju boli u donjem dijelu leđa.Lumbar lordosis, the curvature of the lower spine, was an extremely important evolutionary adaptation for bipedal movement in humans since it enabled further balancing and straightening of the torso. Lordosis is associated with increased lower back mobility and a greater ability to alleviate lumbar load. On the other hand, lumbar spine curvature is also associated with less stability and an increased risk of injury. This compromise is a result of selection pressures that drove adaptive changes in lumbar lordosis through human evolution. In modern humans lumbar spine is a frequent region of injuries and impairments. Due to significant loads, this is especially important for the population of athletes. Analysis of lordosis in modern humans can help in prevention and treatment of lower back pain
CHANGES IN PULMONARY FUNCTION CAUSED BY SWIMMING - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textCilj diplomskog rada je pregled i sistematična analiza dosadašnjih spoznaja o učinkovitosti plivanja na čovjekovo zdravstveno stanje, u ovom slučaju na dišne puteve zbog okolnosti u kojima se odvija ovaj sport. Plivanje u globalu ima pozitivne učinke na plućnu funkciju, no zbog uvjeta u kojima se odvija, ti učinci su nekad smanjeni ili neprimjetni, no neke studije tvrde suprotno. Osobama s alergijskim i respiratornim bolestima često se preporučuje plivanje kao terapija za njihovo zdravstveno stanje jer se vjeruje kako zdravstvene dobrobiti plivanja u zatvorenom znatno nadmašuju rizike povezane s plivanjem u zatvorenom prostoru. U ovom radu provedeno je istraživanje anketnim upitnikom pod nazivom Promjene u plućnoj funkciji uzrokovane plivanjem. Upitnik je podijeljen na 3 dijela. Prvi dio odnosio se na opće informacije o stanju pojedinca, drugi dio bio je osnovni upitnik za astmu i pitanja su bila u vezi astme, dok je treći dio orijentiran na rinitis. Upitnik nije imao točnih i netočnih odgovora, stoga smo zamolili ispitanike da odgovaraju iskreno. Upitnik je ukupno ispunilo 205 plivača/plivačica. Trinaest upitnika ispalo je zbog nepotpne ispunjenosti upitnika pa je samim time ukupan broj ispitanika iznosio 193 (N = 193). Upitnici su bili podijeljeni na razvojim kampovima Hrvatskog plivačkog saveza (Regija 1, 2, 3 i 4), ali i u klubovima za vrijeme treninga. Broj ispitanika po regijama je: Regija 1 (N = 29), Regija 2 (N = 68), Regija 3 (N = 42), Regija 4 (N = 53). Od 193 ispitanika njih 8 se izjasnilo kako imaju astmu. U nastavku je izdvojeno 7 pitanja kako bi nam dala detaljniji uvid stanja plućnih funkcija hrvatskih plivača i plivačica.The aim of the thesis is a review and systematic analysis of current knowledge about the effectiveness of swimming on human health, in this case on the respiratory tract due to the circumstances in which this sport takes place. Global swimming has positive effects on lung function, but due to the conditions in which it takes place, the effects are sometimes reduced or imperceptible, but some studies claim the opposite. People with allergies and respiratory diseases are often recommended swimming as therapy for their health condition because the health benefits of indoor swimming are believed to far outweigh the risks associated with indoor swimming. In this paper, research was conducted using a questionnaire under the name Changes in lung function caused by swimming. The questionnaire is divided into 3 parts. The first part related to general information about the individual's condition, the second part was called the basic asthma questionnaire and the questions were related to asthma, while the third part was oriented towards rhinitis. The questionnaire did not have correct or incorrect answers, so we asked respondents to answer honestly. A total of 205 swimmers completed the questionnaire. Thirteen questionnaires were dropped due to incomplete completion of the questionnaire, so the total number was 193 respondents (n=193). Questionnaires were distributed at Croatian swimming association development camps (Region 1, 2, 3 and 4), but also in clubs during training. The number of respondents by region is: Region 1 (N = 29), Region 2 (N = 68), Region 3 (N = 42), Region 4 (N = 53). Out of 193 respondents, 8 of them declared that they have asthma. In the following, 7 questions are selected in order to give us a more detailed insight into the state of lung functions of Croatian male and female swimmers
DIFFERENCES IN RANGE OF MOVEMENT BETWEEN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS OF THE NATIONAL SELECTION
No full textKošarka je ekipna sportska igra koja se sastoji od mnogih tehničko-taktičkih elemenata. Za izvedbu ovih elemenata potrebna je određena razina motoričkih sposobnosti i znanja. Pokretljivost igrača odnosno opseg pokreta u pojedinim zglobnim sustavima bitni su za nesmetano izvođenje košarkaških elemenata, isto tako niska razina fleksibilnosti povezana je s mnogobrojnim ozljedama lokomotornog sustava. Cilj rada je utvrditi razlike u opsegu pokreta između mladih košarkaša nacionalne selekcije. Istraživanje se provodilo na mladim košarkašima nacionalne selekcije koji su podijeljeni na stariju kadetsku kategoriju (U16) u kojoj se nalazilo 16 ispitanika prosječne dobi 15,98±0,28 godina, visine 194,45±7,59 centimetara, tjelesne mase 84,77±10,72 kilograma i 16,09±3,01% potkožnog masnog tkiva i mlađu kadetsku kategoriju (U15) u kojoj se također nalazilo 16 ispitanika prosječne dobi 15,10±0,30 godina, visine 188,79±7,44 centimetara, tjelesne mase 72,42±9,93 kilograma i 14,81±2,45% potkožnog masnog tkiva. Pomoću Gyko sustava promatralo se 6 varijabli za procjenu opsega pokreta: maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe predručenja desnom rukom (Pred_R_D); maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe predručenja lijevom rukom (Pred_R_L); maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe odručenja desnom rukom (Od_R_D); maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe odručenja lijevom rukom (Od_R_L); maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe prednoženja desnom nogom (Pred_N__D); maksimalni kut tijekom izvedbe prednoženja lijevom nogom (Pred_N_L). Rezultati su pokazali kako postoji statistički značajna razlika u varijablama predručenje_L (p=0,04), prednoženje_L (p=0,02) i prednoženje_D (p=0,04), dok u ostalim varijablama nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika.Basketball is a team sport that consists of many technical and tactical elements. The performance of these elements requires a certain level of motor skills and knowledge. The player's mobility, i.e. the range of motion in individual joint systems, is essential for the smooth performance of basketball elements, and a low level of flexibility is also associated with numerous injuries of the locomotor system. The aim of the work is to determine the differences in range of motion between young basketball players of the national selection. The research was conducted on young basketball players of the national selection who were divided into an older cadet category (U16), which included 16 subjects with an average age of 15.98±0.28 years, height 194.45±7.59 centimeters, body weight 84.77 ±10.72 kilograms and 16.09±3.01% of adipose tissue and the younger cadet category (U15) which also included 16 subjects with an average age of 15.10±0.30 years, height 188.79±7.44 centimeters, body weight 72.42±9.93 kilograms and 14.81±2.45% of adipose tissue. Using the Gyko system, 6 variables were observed to assess the extent of movement: the maximum angle during the performance of the forehand with the right hand (Fore_H_R); maximum angle during the execution of the left hand forehand (Fore_H_L); the maximum angle during the execution of the right handed handoff (Ha_H_R); the maximum angle during the execution of the left hande handoff (Ha_H_L); the maximum angle during the performance of the forefoot with the right leg (Fore_L__R); the maximum angle during the performance of the forefoot with the left leg (Fore_L_L). The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the variables forehand_L (p=0.04), forefoot_L (p=0.02) and forefoot_D (p=0.04), while no statistically significant difference was found in the other variables
Attainment of the cross-curriculum topic's Health outcomes by implementing educational videos during the final part of the Physical education class
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi učinke edukativnih video sadržaja u završnom dijelu sata na poboljšanje znanja o međupredmetnoj temi Zdravlje te na unaprjeđenje percepcije korisnosti i zadovoljstva nastavom tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Sudionici istraživanja bili su učenici 6., 7. i 8. razreda osnovne škole Ivo Andrić u Zagrebu. Ukupan uzorak činilo je 160 učenika, prosječne dobi 13,75 godina, od čega je 93 učenica. Slučajnim odabirom, razredni odjeli su podijeljeni na četiri eksperimentalna (n=111) i dva kontrolna razredna odjela (n=49). Eksperimentalna skupina je tijekom 6 tjedana kao sadržaj svakog završnog dijela sata TZK u trajanju od 3-5 minuta provodila edukativne video sadržaje, dok je kontrolna skupina sudjelovala u standardnoj nastavi TZK te su u završnom dijelu sata provodili isključivo tjelovježbene sadržaje. Na početku i na kraju istraživanja, obje su skupine ispunile teorijski pisani test znanja o međupredmetnoj temi Zdravlje i upitnik za procjenu stavova prema nastavi TZK. Također, nakon svakog pogledanog video zapisa, učenici eksperimentalne skupine su rješavali kratki teorijski test znanja sa pitanjima povezanima uz temu tog dana. Za utvrđivanje učinaka eksperimentalnog programa na rezultate završnog mjerenja, primijenjena je analiza kovarijance (ANCOVA) uz uključivanje rezultata inicijalnog mjerenja kao kovarijate. Nakon provedenog eksperimenta uočene su statistički značajne razlike između rezultata učenika eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine za varijable Teorijsko znanje (9.90±0.29 vs. 8.33±0.43, F(1, 159) = 8.998, p = 0.003) i Percepcija korisnosti (2.93±0.06 vs. 2.69±0.09, F(1, 163) = 4.434, p = 0.037), dok za Zadovoljstvo nastavom nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike (2.95±0.09 vs. 3.02±0.06, p = 0.553). Rezultati ukazuju na to da je navedena intervencija pozitivno utjecala na znanje učenika i njihovu percepciju korisnosti nastave TZK, dok se intervencijom nije narušilo njihovo zadovoljstvo nastavom TZK. Navedeno ukazuje da se edukativni video sadržaji koji povezuju tjelovježbene aktivnosti i teorijska znanja o zdravstvenoj pismenosti mogu integrirati u svakodnevnu nastavu TZK bez straha od negativnog utjecaja na učenike.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of educational video content in the final part of the PE lesson, on improving knowledge about the cross-curricular topic of Health and on improving the perception of PE usefulness and satisfaction. Participants were 6th, 7th and 8th grade pupils of the Ivo Andrić elementary school in Zagreb. The total sample consisted of 160 pupils, with an average age of 13.75 years, of which 93 were female. By random selection, they were divided into four experimental (n=111) and two control classes (n=49). During the course of 6 weeks, the experimental group conducted 3–5-minute educational video content as part of each final part of the PE lesson, while the control group participated in the standard PE lesson, only conducting physical exercises in the final part of the lesson. At the beginning and at the end of the research, both groups completed a theoretical written knowledge test on the cross-curricular topic of Health and a questionnaire to assess attitudes towards the PE classes. Also, after each watched video, the students of the experimental group solved a short theoretical knowledge test with questions related to the topic of that day. A one-way ANCOVA was performed to determine the effect of the experimental program on post-intervention scores with the inclusion of results of the initial measurement as covariate. After the experiment, statistically significant differences were observed between the results of the experimental and control groups of students for the Theoretical knowledge (9.90±0.29 vs. 8.33±0.43, F(1, 159) = 8.998, p = 0.003) and Perception of PE usefulness (2.93±0.06 vs 2.69±0.09, F(1, 163) = 4.434, p = 0.037), while no statistically significant differences were observed for Enjoyment in PE classes (2.95±0, 09 vs. 3.02±0.06, p = 0.553). The above results indicate that the mentioned intervention had a positive effect on students' knowledge and their perception of PE usefulness, while the intervention did not impair their enjoyment in PE classes. The results indicate that the mentioned intervention had a positive effect on the students' knowledge and their perception of the PE usefulness, while the intervention did not impair their enjoyment of PE classes. The above indicates that educational video content that connects physical activity and theoretical knowledge about health literacy can be integrated into the daily PE classes without fear of a negative impact on students