Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
Not a member yet
1705 research outputs found
Sort by
Snowboard school program
No full textDaskanje na snijegu je popularan zimski sport koji svake godine privlači veliki broj ljudi, a posebice privlači rekreativce iz srodnih ekstremnih sportova, kao što su surfanje na valovima, skateboarding, brdski biciklizam. Povezanost srodnih ekstremnih sportova proizlazi iz zabave, kao najvažnijeg razloga njihova nastanka i razvitka. Za razliku od gotovo svih ostalih sportova na snijegu, način na koji se daska za snijeg koristi je specifičan. Problematika standardnih programa daskanja na snijegu očituje se u strukturi programa škole daskanja na snijegu koja nije adekvatno prilagođena infrastrukturi, kapacitetu skijališta, razini motoričkog znanja. Planiranjem sadržaja škole daskanja na snijegu, nikako ne smijemo izostaviti segment zabave iz koje sport proizlazi. Jako je teško predstaviti program škole daskanja na snijegu koji će odgovarati svim uvjetima i polaznicima no kroz iskustvo i dobru razradu, komponente programa se mogu adekvatno prilagoditi različitim uvjetima, infrastrukturi te predznanju i sposobnostima polaznika škole daskanja na snijegu. Pristup u odabiru vježbi, kontroli sigurnosti, igrama, zabavi i planiranoj dinamici razvoja sposobnosti i vještina je jako bitan s obzirom na to da time instruktor najviše utječe na stvaranje željenog napretka polaznika škole daskanja na snijegu. Cilj ovog stručnog diplomskog rada je detaljno opisati i razraditi program škole daskanja na snijegu, koji se u praksi pokazao najučinkovitijim. Program podrazumijeva opis elementa tehnike, prikaz preporučenih metodičkih vježbi za učenje elemenata daskanja na snijegu, pristup polaznicima i česte greške koje se pojavljuju kod učenika u školi kako bi se maksimizirao napredak imajući na umu zabavu i sigurnost kako bi kod budućih daskaša stvorili što jaču ljubav prema daskanju na snijegu.Snowboarding is a popular winter sport that attracts a large number of people every year, and especially attracts recreationists from related extreme sports, such as surfing, skateboarding, mountain biking, etc. The connection between related extreme sports stems from entertainment, as the most important reason for their creation and development. Unlike almost all other snow sports, the way a snowboard is used is specific. The problem of standard snowboarding programs is manifested in the structure of the snowboarding school program, which is not adequately adapted to the infrastructure, the capacity of the ski resort, and the level of motor skills. When planning the content of the snowboarding school, we must not leave out the entertainment segment from which the sport originates. It is very difficult to present a snowboarding school program that will suit all conditions and participants, but through experience and good elaboration, program components can be adequately adapted to different conditions, infrastructure, and prior knowledge and abilities of snowboarding school participants. The approach in the selection of exercises, safety control, games, entertainment, and the planned dynamics of development of abilities and skills is very important, considering that the instructor has the greatest influence on the creation of the desired progress of snowboard school participants. The goal of this professional diploma thesis is to describe and elaborate on the program of the snowboarding school in detail, which has proven to be the most effective in practice. The program includes a description of the elements of the technique, presentation of recommended methodical exercises for learning the elements of snowboarding, access to participants, and frequent mistakes that appear in school to maximize progress, keeping in mind fun and safety to create the strongest possible love for snowboarding
Analis of recreational level alpine skiing during the sars-cov-2 virus pandemic
No full textCilj je ovog istraživanja pokušati utvrditi utjecaj pandemije uzrokovane SARS-CoV-2 virusom na alpsko skijanje rekreacijske razine, a navedeni cilj realiziran je pomoću anketnog upitnika. Osim utjecaja COVID-19 bolesti na skijaške sezone 2019./2020. i 2020./2021., predmet zanimanja bila su i očekivanja za, u trenutku provođenja ankete, nadolazeću 2021./2022. sezonu. Anketom su se dodatno ispitale aktivnosti kojima su ispitanici zamijenili alpsko skijanje, njihovo mišljenje o utjecaju novonastale situacije na skijanje i koliku prepreku će im ista predstavljati u planiranju posjeta skijaškim centrima, te na koje načine će se nositi s tim. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 285 osoba (165 muškog spola i 120 ženskog spola) prosječne dobi 38,09 godina uz odstupanje od 11,04. Ispitanici su rekreativni skijaši s više od sedam odrađenih skijaških dana godišnje prije pandemije. Rezultati ankete pokazali su da je SARS-CoV-2 virus utjecao na gubitak skijaških dana u sezonama koje su bile predmetom istraživanja i to najviše na skijašku sezonu 2020./2021. Značajnom posljedicom pokazalo se detaljnije i opreznije planiranje odlaska u skijaške centre. Istovremeno, zanimljivo je naglasiti da je 67 % ispitanika pronašlo alternativu rekreativnom alpskom skijanju u obliku drugih sportskih aktivnosti na otvorenom. Također, prema rezultatima istraživanja pojava SARS-CoV-2 virusa značajno je utjecala na bavljenje rekreativnim alpskim skijanjem ispitanika, ali ne i na njihovu sportsku aktivnost. Slijedom navedenog, za očekivati je da će potpuni povratak rekreativnom alpskom skijanju nastupiti čim se okolnosti normaliziraju.This research study focuses on the effect that the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic had on recreational level alpine skiing, and it has been actualised trough an survey questionnaire. The interest of this study was not only the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ski seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, but also the expectations for the season 2021/2022 that was upcoming at the time this study was implemented. Throughout the survey it is further analysed with which activities did the respondents replace skiing, their thoughts on the effect of the newfound situation on skiing, how big of an obstacle will this be in their ski resort trip planning and how will they deal with it. This research had 285 participants ( 165 male and 120 female) with an average age of 38,09 years with a deviation of 11,04 years. The participants were recreational skiers with more than 7 days of ski days before the pandemic. The results have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a loss of skiing days in the seasons that were the focus of the study, and that the effect was lesser on the 2019/2020 season, in which the virus first appeared, than in the later 2020/2021 season. These types of results and effects on recreational skiing were expected considering the series of aggravated circumstances that happened as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A more detailed and careful planning of ski resort trips has shown to be one of the major consequences. At the same time it is interesting to emphasize that 67 % of respondents have found an alternative to alpine skiing in the form of other outdoor sports activities. Furthermore, the research has shown that the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus has significantly affected respondents doing recreational skiing but not their sports activity in general. In conclusion, it is to be expected that recreational skiing will fully recover once the circumstances normalize
APPLICATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BASKETBALL TRAINING PROCESS
No full textU modernom sportu pa tako i u košarci postoji težnja za postizanjem vrhunskih sportskih rezultata. Važan čimbenik koji omogućava napredak u različitim područjima sportske izvedbe je integracija modernih tehnologija u različite segmente kinezioloških sadržaja. Primjenom modernih tehnologija omogućuje se jednostavnije svladavanje specifičnih košarkaških elemenata. Također primjenom različitih tehnologija treneri mogu oponašati situacijske uvjete što će u konačnici povećati situacijsku efikasnost. Zbog svoje dinamičnosti i kompleksnosti, košarka zahtijeva preciznu i kontinuiranu dijagnostiku i analizu na temelju koje će treneri dobiti velik broj korisnih informacija o igraču koje su neophodne za kreiranje kvalitetnog plana i programa. Upravo iz tog razloga sve veći broj klubova i trenera pronalazi moderne tehnologije kako bi unaprijedili svoj košarkaški trenažni proces te kvalitetu svojih igrača.In modern sports, basketball included, there's always a desire to achieve top sports results. An important factor that enables progres sin different areas od sports performance is the integration of modern technologies into different segments of kinesiology content. The implementation of modern technologies makes it easier to master specific basketball skills. Furthermore, by applying different technologies coaches can mimic situational conditions which will ultimately increase situational efficiency. Due to its dynamics and complexity, basketball requires precise and continuous diagnostics and analysis based on which coaches are able to receive useful information about their players. These pieces of information are crucial in creating a quality plan and program. Iti s for this reason that an increasing number of clubs and coaches are finding modern tehnologies helpful in improving their basketball training program as well as the quality of their players
Injuries of the temporomandibular joint and oral cavity in sport
No full textOpćenito se u sportu bilježe sve veći zahtjevi i napredak u tehnici i taktici, kako u individualnim, tako i u ekipnim sportovima. Između ostalog, to uključuje i grublje startove u kontaktnim sportovima koji mogu rezultirati češćim ozljedama. Među njima su i ozljede temporomandibularnog zgloba, kao i ozljede zuba, usana i jezika. Sportske udlage, odnosno štitnici za zube više nisu prisutni samo u borilačkim sportovima i američkom nogometu već se koriste i u sportovima kao što su nogomet, rukomet i košarka. Važno je probuditi svijest o prevenciji, to jest korištenju zaštitne opreme i na treninzima i na natjecanjima u svih kategorija sportaša.In general, there are increasing demands and advances in technique and tactics in sports, both in individual and team sports. Among other things, this includes rougher starts in contact sports that can result in more frequent injuries. These include injuries to the temporomandibular joint, as well as injuries to the teeth, lips and tongue. Sports splints, i.e., mouth guards, are no longer present only in martial arts and American football, but are also used in sports such as football, handball and basketball. It is important to raise awareness about prevention, that is, the use of protective equipment both in training and in competitions in all categories of athletes
PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCIES OF (KINESI) THERAPISTS
No full textPedagoška kompetentnost (kinezi)terapeuta od velike je važnosti za kvalitetu radnog procesa, kao i njegov ishod, pa joj se posvećuje sve veća pozornost, kako u znanstvenoj tako i u stručnoj zajednici. Pedagoški kompetentni (kinezi)terapeuti trebaju posjedovati specifična pedagoška znanja i sposobnosti, kao i osobine ličnosti potrebne za razvoj, izgradnju i unapređenje veza sa svojim korisnicima te kolegama i svim ostalim sudionicima procesa. Zanimanje „kineziterapeut“ definiran je u novom prijedlogu zakona o sportu s djelovanjem u sportu kao i razinama školovanja (NN, 1996). Od velike je važnosti priznavanje kineziterapeuta kao zanimanja u području zdravstva (kao ne zdravstveni djelatnik u zdravstvu), također važno je naglasiti kako je on već priznat u sustavu školstva, socijalne skrbi i prema novom prijedlogu zakona o sportu s djelovanjem u sportu. Samo oni s različitim pedagoškim sposobnostima, sposobnošću kritičke procjene vlastite obrazovne prakse, spremnošću da promijene i poboljšaju svoje ponašanje i sposobnošću njegovanja žive kulture na radnom mjestu mogu se osjećati zadovoljni svojim poslom (Ljubetić, Kostović-Vranješ, 2008). Očekivano je da će rezultati ovog istraživanja biti korisni za bolji, učinkovitiji i stručniji daljnji pristup u radu (kinezi)terapeuta te će im ukazati razinu vlastite pedagoške kompetentnosti. Provedeno je istraživanje na 24 (kinezi)terapeuta kako bi se ispitala njihova pedagoška (ne)sposobnost. Rezultati su pokazali da većina ispitanika/ca posjeduje potrebne pedagoške kompetencije, no ustanovljeno je da neki od ispitanika/ca osjećaju nesigurnost u kompetencije stečene višegodišnjim obrazovanjem.In the scientific and professional communities, it is becoming increasingly important for (kinesio)therapists to have pedagogical competence since it has a significant impact on the quality and outcome of their work. Pedagogically competent (kinesio) therapists should possess specific pedagogical knowledge and abilities as well as personality traits necessary for developing, building, and improving relationships with their users, colleagues, and all other participants in the process. The profession of "kinesitherapist" is defined in the new proposal of the law on sports activity in sports as well as education levels (NN, 1996). It is of great importance to recognize kinesitherapists as a profession in the field of health (as not a health worker in health care), it is also important to emphasize that he is already recognized in the education system, social welfare and according to the new proposal of the law on sports with activities in sports. Only those with different pedagogical abilities, the ability to critically evaluate their own educational practice, the willingness to change and improve their behavior and the ability to nurture a living culture in the workplace can feel satisfied with their work (Ljubetić, Kostović-Vranješ, 2008). It is expected that the output results of the research will be useful for a better, more efficient, and more professional future approach in the work of (kinesio)therapists, and very useful for them to assess the level of their pedagogical competence. A survey was conducted on 24 (kinesio)therapists to examine their pedagogical (in)competence. The findings indicate that most respondents possess the necessary pedagogical competences, but it was determined that some of them feel insecure about their competences acquired through years of education
MOUNTAINEERING SCHOOL FOR RECREATIONISTS
No full textZa suvremenog čovjeka planinarenje i rekreacija u prirodi predstavlja opuštanje i odmor od brojnih životnih i poslovnih obveza koje ga prate i koje doživljava u raznim životnim i poslovnim situacijama, od radnog mjesta, prometnih gužvi i nizom drugih obaveza. Vrste aktivnog odmora poput planinarenja i rekreativnog boravka u prirodi daje čovjeku priliku obnoviti svoju potrošenu energiju, koja mu je neophodna za daljnji rad i učenje. Odlazak u prirodu i bavljenje aktivnostima na svježem i čistom zraku čovjeka ispunjava novom snagom, zadovoljstvom i emocionalnom energijom unatoč uloženom fizičkom naporu.
Kroz ovaj rad želi se naglasiti kako je primarni cilj i sadržaj planinarenja uživanje u ljepotama koju planine i priroda pružaju pri čemu se stvara sklad između fizičkih i mentalnih čovjekovih osobina koje se međusobno nadopunjuju.
Baveći se planinarenjem postižemo kvalitetne osobine poput odlučnosti, snalažljivosti, ustrajnosti, samostalnosti, hrabrosti, prilagodljivosti, principijelnosti, požrtvovanosti, društvenosti, te razvijamo smisao za razumijevanje prirode i ljudi. Povrh toga, privikavamo postupno organizam za napore kojim poboljšavamo svoje fizičko i mentalno zdravlje.
U ovom je radu opisano kako pravilna primjena rekreacijskih sadržaja u prirodi ima važnu ulogu u planinarstvu, a njena kvalitetna upotreba ovisi o razini naše svijesti i odgovornosti.For a modern man, hiking and recreation in nature represents relaxation and rest from numerous life and business obligations that accompany him and that he experiences in various life and business situations, from the workplace, traffic jams and a number of other obligations. Types of active vacations such as hiking and recreational stay in nature give a person the opportunity to renew his spent energy, which is necessary for further work and study. Going to nature and engaging in activities in the fresh and clean air fills a person with new strength, satisfaction and emotional energy despite the physical effort.
Through this work, we want to emphasize that the primary goal and content of hiking is to enjoy the beauty that mountains and nature provide, while creating harmony between the physical and mental qualities of a person that complement each other.
By doing mountaineering, we achieve quality qualities such as determination, resourcefulness, perseverance, independence, courage, adaptability, principledness, self-sacrifice, sociability, and develop a sense of understanding nature and people. On top of that, we gradually accustom the organism to the efforts by which we improve our physical and mental health.
This paper describes how proper application plays an important role in mountaineering as a form of sports recreation in nature, and that the awareness and responsibility of each of us depends on its quality use
DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
No full textU današnje vrijeme kada je nogomet na glasu kao najvažnija sporedna stvar na svijetu, zanimljivo je pozabaviti se samim sportašima koji treniraju ovaj sport. Stoga je vrlo važno da svaki nogometaš bude kvalitetno pripremljen za izazove koji se pred njega stavljaju. Kada spominjemo kvalitetnu pripremu nogometaša, prvenstveno se osvrćemo na kondicijsku pripremu koju vode osobe koje su stručne za taj dio pripreme. Po pitanju kondicijske pripremljenosti igrača, potrebno je djelovati na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti kao što su startna brzina, agilnost, brzina reakcije i eksplozivna snaga u vidu sprinta. Postoji niz faktora koji utječu na razvoj brzinskih sposobnosti kod nogometaša, a svakako treba istaknuti i vježbe koje pridonose razvoju brzine kod nogometaša, od juniorskog pa sve do seniorskog uzrasta.In modern times when sport like football has a reputation as the most important sideline in the world it is interesting to do a research of the athletes who practice that sport. Therefore, it is very important that every player is well prepared for the challenges that lie ahead. When we talk about the quality of preparation of football players, we primarily refer to conditioning preparation led by people who are experts in that part of the preparation. Regarding conditioning preparation, it is necessary to work on development of the motor skills such as starting speed, agility, reaction speed, explosive power in the form of sprints. There are a number of factors that affect the development of speed skills of football players and we should point out the exercises that contribute to the development of speed in football from junior players to senior age
THE STRATEGIC PLAN AND PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOCCE IN THE PRIMORJE - GORSKI KOTAR COUNTY
No full textBoćanje u Primorsko-goranskoj ţupaniji je autohtoni sport i duboko ukorijenjen u navike graĊana. Kako bismo unaprijedili ovaj sport i podigli boćanje na višu razinu, neophodno je aktivirati sve mehanizme koji nam stoje na raspolaganju. Stoga je cilj ovog završnog rada izraditi strateški plan i program razvoja boćanja u Primorsko-goranskoj ţupaniji koji će omogućiti razvoj i odrţavanje regionalne razine boćanja u Primorsko-goranskoj ţupaniji. Ovaj strateški dokument sastoji se od procjene aktualnog stanja, odreĊivanja ciljeva za budućnost kao i definiranja mjera, aktivnosti, rokova, kadrova i financijskih resursa za ostvarivanje postavljenih ciljeva. Na osnovi dobivenih podataka izraĊena je analiza aktualnog stanja o broju registriranih boćara i boćarica, o broju klubova, ostvarenih rezultata na velikim natjecanjima, struĉnih kadrova, boćališta i na kraju je prikazano financijsko stanje. Na osnovi procijenjenog stanja definirani su ciljevi na jednostavan i konkretan naĉin, i nakon toga definirane su najbolje strateške programske aktivnosti, mjere, rokovi i kadrovi koji trebaju omogućiti postizanje zacrtanih ciljeva.Bocce is a national sport deeply rooted in the habits of the inhabitants of Rijeka, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and the Croatian Littoral. In order to improve this sport and raise bocce to a higher level it is important to engage all the available mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this final paper is to create a strategic plan and program for the development of bocce in the Primorje - Gorski Kotar County. The strategy will allow the development and maintenance of bocce at the regional level in the Primorje - Gorski Kotar County. This strategic document consists of the evaluation of the current situation, setting goals for the future and defining measures, activities, deadlines, staff and financial resources to achieve the given aims. Based on the collected data, an analysis of the current situation regarding the number of registered bocce players, the number of clubs that achieved results in crucial competitions, professional personnel, bocce courts and financial resources are shown at the and. On the basis of the current situation, the concrete and focused goals have been defined, as well as the best strategic program activities, measures, deadlines and staff. All described should help enable the achievement of the set goals
THE DIFFERENCE IN MOTOR TESTS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN RETIRED TENNIS PLAYERS AND TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi razlike u motoričkim testovima i morfološkim obilježjima kod umirovljenika koji su se bavili ili se još uvijek bave tenisom i stolnim tenisom. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 29 osoba starije životne dobi, 14 stolno – tenisača i 15 tenisača. Prosječna dob bila je 68,79 ± 6,42 godina, prosječna visina 172,41 ± 7,52 cm i prosječna tjelesna masa 80,66 ± 13,26 kg. Nad ispitanicima je provedeno testiranje 5 testova od kojih neki uključuju i lijevu i desnu stranu tijela. Testovi koji su se provodili bili su: Purdue PegBoard Test, Star Balance Test, BlazePod Star Drill i BlazePod Formula Reactions te HandGrip Strenght Test. Isto tako od morfoloških obilježja mjerio se postotak masti i računao indeks tjelesne mase za svakog ispitanika pojedinačno. Rezultati su pokazali da se većina rezultata u testovima ne razlikuje statistički zanačjno osim Purdue PegBoard sklop 60“ testa i BlazePod Star Drill testa. Iako je način provođenja BlazePod Drill Star testa testa po kretnoj strukturi sličniji igri tenisa, stolno – tenisači su ostvarili bolje rezultate za 19,7%. Isto tako tenisači su ostvarili prosječno bolji rezultat u Purdue PegBoard sklop 60“, testu koji procjenjuje finu motoriku ruke i šake. Ovaj test je prema načinu izvođenja i zglobovima koje uključuje sličniji strukturi stolnog tenisa, nego tenisa. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja koja uključuju veći broj ispitanika i prije svega dulji vremenski period promatranja i testiranja kako bi rezultati bili kvalitetniji za praktičnu primjenu.The aim of this work was to determine the differences in motor tests and morphological features in retirees who played or still play tennis and table tennis. 29 elderly people participated in the research, 14 table tennis players and 15 tennis players. The average age was 68.79 ± 6.42 years, the average height was 172.41 ± 7.52 cm, and the average body mass was 80.66 ± 13.26 kg. The test subjects were tested on 5 tests, some of which include both the left and right side of the body. The tests that were conducted were: Purdue PegBoard Test, Star Balance Test, BlazePod Star Drill and BlazePod Formula Reactions and HandGrip Strength Test. Likewise, the percentage of fat was measured from the morphological characteristics and the body mass index was calculated for each subject individually. The results showed that most test scores were not statistically significantly different except for the Purdue PegBoard Assembly 60" test and the BlazePod Star Drill test. Although the method of conducting the BlazePod Drill Star test is more similar to the game of tennis in terms of movement structure, table tennis players achieved better results by 19.7%. Tennis players achieved an average better result in the Purdue PegBoard set 60", a test that evaluates the fine motor skills of the hand and hand. This test is according to the way of execution and the joints involved, more similar to the structure of table tennis, than tennis. Further research is needed that includes a larger number of subjects and, above all, a longer period of observation and testing so that the results are of better quality for practical application
ACUTE EFECTS OF A THREE MINUTE EXERCISE SET ON THE UPRIGHT AND SITTING POSTURE OF ADOLESCENT
No full textModeran način života i razvoj tehnologije utjecali su na životne navike gotovo svih ljudi, posebice adolescenata. Provođenje slobodnog vremena u velikom se postotku svelo na gledanje u različite ekrane i to pretežito sjedeći, stoga je sedentarni način života izuzetno zastupljen u današnje vrijeme. Srednjoškolci dodatno provode 6-8 sati sjedeći u školskim klupama, a sve to može imati negativne posljedice na držanje tijela-posturu. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi akutne učinke trominutnog programa vježbanja (provedenog na stolcu) na uspravnu i sjedeću posturu adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 33 učenika/ca Graditeljsko-geodetske škole u Osijeku, prosječne dobi 17,08 ± 0,50 godina, od kojih je 25 učenika (prosječne visine 177,04 ±5,73 cm , tjelesne mase 72,92 ± 11,52 kg) te 8 učenica (prosječne visine 162,62 ±6,82 cm, tjelesne mase 61,14 ±10,32 kg). Ispitanici/ce su prije provođenja trominutnog programa vježbi na stolcu bili inicijalno fotografirani, a nakon provođenja programa vježbi finalno fotografirani na isti način. Fotografije inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja obrađene su u programu Apecs iz čega su dobivene praćene varijable, a to su: laterofleksija glave, nejednakost visine ramena te laterofleksija tijela u stojećem i sjedećem položaju frontalno (anteriorno) te nagib tijela prema naprijed stojeći sagitalno. Razlike u rezultatima inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja, kao i statistička značajnost istih provjerene su t-testom za zavisne uzorke, dok je veličina učinka primijenjenog programa vježbanja procijenjena Cohenovim indexom veličine učinka. Navedenim varijablama praćeni su pokazatelji posture glave, vrata i gornjeg dijela trupa stojeći frontalno i sagitalno te sjedeći frontalno.
Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su poboljšanje u svim praćenim varijablama, odnosno vidljiv je trend smanjenja u rezultatima završnog mjerenja u odnosu na početno. Statistički značajno (p<0,05) smanjenje bilo je prisutno u varijablama: laterofleksija glave, nejednakost visine ramena i laterofleksija tijela u uspravnoj posturi (frontalno anteriorno) te u varijablama: laterofleksija glave i nejednakost visine ramena u sjedećoj posturi (frontalno anteriorno). U ostalim varijablama nije dokazano statističko značajno smanjenje, ali je u svim varijablama dokazan mali do umjereni pozitivan učinak primijenjenog seta vježbanja.
S obzirom na dobivene rezultate, predloženi trominutni set vježbi na stolcu mogao bi pronaći svrhu u prevenciji/ poboljšanju loših posturalnih obrazaca na razini glave, vrata i gornjeg dijela leđa u adolescenata na način da se uključi u sat tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture (TZK) ili da se
potakne na uvođenje jednog aktivnog odmora za vrijeme trajanja školske smjene. Uzimajući u obzir da je program vježbi proveden na stolcu, što je karakteristično školskoj nastavi, trominutni set vježbi mogao bi se primijeniti i u učionici prije početka gotovo bilo kojeg nastavnog predmeta.Modern lifestyle and the development of technology have influenced the living habits of almost all people, especially adolescents. Spending free time in a large percentage is reduced to looking at different screens, mostly while sitting, therefore a sedentary lifestyle is extremely common nowadays. High school students additionally spend 6-8 hours sitting in school desks, and all of this can have negative consequences on body posture. The aim of this work was to determine the acute effects of a three-minute exercise program (carried out on a chair) on the upright and sitting posture of adolescents. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 students of the Architectural-Geodetic School in Osijek average age 17.08 ± 0.50 years, of which 25 are male students (average height 177.04 ± 5.73 cm, body weight 72.92 ± 11.52 kg ) and 8 female students (average height 162.62 ±6.82 cm, body weight 61.14 ±10.32 kg). The subjects were initially photographed before the three-minute exercise program on the chair and finally photographed after the exercise program in the same way. The photos of the initial and final measurement were processed in the Apecs program, from which the monitored variables were obtained, namely: head lateroflexion, shoulder height inequality and body lateroflexion in standing and sitting positions frontally (anteriorly) and forward body tilt standing sagittally. Differences in the results of the initial and final measurements, as well as their statistical significance, were verified by the t-test for dependent samples, while the effect size of the applied set of exercises was evaluated by Cohen's index of effect size (ES).
The variables were followed by indicators of the posture of the head, neck and upper part of the trunk standing frontally and sagittally and sitting frontally.
The obtained results showed improvement in all monitored variables, i.e., there is a visible trend of reduction in the results of the final measurement compared to the initial one. A statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction was present in the variables: head lateroflexion, shoulder height inequality and body lateroflexion in the upright posture (frontal anterior) and in the variables: head lateroflexion and shoulder height inequality in the sitting posture (frontal anterior). In other variables, no statistically significant reduction was demonstrated, but in all variables, a small to moderate effect of the applied exercise set was demonstrated.
Considering the obtained results, the proposed three-minute set of exercises on the chair could find a purpose in preventing/improving bad postural patterns at the level of the head, neck and upper back in adolescents in such a way as to be included in the physical and health education class or to encourage introduction of one active break during the school shift. Considering that the exercise program was carried out on a chair, which is characteristic of school teaching, the three-minute set of exercises could also be applied in the classroom before the start of almost any subject