Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
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EFFECTS OF AQUATIC ACTIVITIES ON BABIES AND TODDLERS
No full textSustavnim pregledom relevantne literature, ovaj diplomski rad ispituje utjecaj plivanja na fizički, kognitivni, emocionalni i društveni razvoj beba i mališana. Analiza velikog broja raznih istraživanja otkriva da rano izlaganje plivanju pozitivno utječe na motoričke sposobnosti, mišićnu snagu i zdravlje kardiovaskularnog sustava kod beba i mališana. Štoviše, iskustva u vodi potiču osjetilnu percepciju, svijest o prostoru i kognitivni razvoj, njegujući čvrste temelje za buduće učenje. Naglašavajući emocionalnu i društvenu dimenziju odrastanja beba, ovo istraživanje ističe ulogu plivanja u poboljšanju emocionalne regulacije, društvenih interakcija i povezanosti roditelja i djeteta. Dok su opsežna i iscrpna istraživanja pronalazila prednosti plivanja za odrasle i stariju djecu, raste interes za razumijevanjem potencijalnih dobrobiti upoznavanja beba i mališana s vodenim okolišem tijekom najranijih faza života. Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji prikazati veliku količinu višestrukih prednosti koje plivanje nudi razvojnom rastu mališana i beba.Through a systematic review of the relevant literature, this thesis examines the impact of swimming on the physical, cognitive, emotional and social development of babies and young children. An analysis of a large number of different studies reveals that early exposure to swimming has a positive effect on motor skills, muscle strength and the health of the cardiovascular system in babies and young children. Moreover, experiences in the water encourage sensory perception, spatial awareness and cognitive development, fostering a solid foundation for future learning. Emphasizing the emotional and social dimension of growing babies, this research highlights the role of swimming in improving emotional regulation, social interactions and parent-child bonding. While extensive and exhaustive research has found the benefits of swimming for adults and older children, there is growing interest in understanding the potential benefits of introducing babies and younger children to the aquatic environment during the earliest stages of life. This thesis aims to demonstrate the large amount of multiple benefits that swimming offers to the developmental growth of young children and babies
Prevention of eating disorders in female athletes
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi negativan i pozitivan utjecaj trenera, zdravstveni status, socijalni pritisak na mršavost, pritisak na postizanje boljih sportskih rezultata, samokritičnost, socijalnu anksioznost zbog izgleda i samopoštovanja te najvažnije kako prevenirati sindrom poremećaja prehrane u sportašica. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 100 sportašica studentica Kineziološkog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Sudjelovale su sportašice iz estetskog sporta, sporta izdržljivosti, sporta s loptom i težinskog sporta. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u pogledu sklonosti poremećajima prehrane među navedenim sportskim kategorijama. To ukazuje da vrsta sporta kojim se bave sportašice možda ne igra značajnu ulogu u razvoju poremećaja prehrane. Važno je naglasiti da se rezultati istraživanja temelje na analizi pitanja subskale "Sport i tijelo", koja je procjenjivala simptome i razvoj poremećaja prehrane. Treba napomenuti da to ne znači da se poremećaji prehrane ne mogu javiti među sportašicama u ovim kategorijama. Poremećaji prehrane mogu imati različite uzroke i simptome i često su rezultat kombinacije genetskih, psiholoških, socijalnih i sportskih faktora. Rezultati istraživanja ne ukazuju na potpunu odsutnost poremećaja prehrane među sportašicama, već samo na nedostatak statistički značajnih razlika u sklonosti poremećajima prehrane među analiziranim kategorijama.The aim of this master's thesis is to determine if there is an eating disorder among female athletes in four sports categories and to establish if there is a statistically significant difference between these categories. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 female athletes studying at the Faculty of Kinesiology in Zagreb. The participants included athletes from aesthetic sports, endurance sports, ball sports, and weight sports. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the predisposition to eating disorders among the mentioned sports categories. This suggests that the type of sport practiced by female athletes may not play a significant role in the development of eating disorders. It is important to note that these results are based on the analysis of the "Sport and Body" subscale, which assessed symptoms and the development of eating disorders. It should be noted that this does not mean that eating disorders cannot occur among female athletes in these categories. Eating disorders can have different causes and symptoms and are often the result of a combination of genetic, psychological, social, and sports factors. The research results do not indicate a complete absence of eating disorders among female athletes, but only a lack of statistically significant differences in the predisposition to eating disorders among the analyzed categories
Female judo in the Croatian context
No full textTijekom povijesti, sudjelovanje žena u sportu bilo je obeshrabrivano, a u nekim se kulturama smatralo i neprikladnim. U početku je ženski judo znatno zaostajao za muškim, a većina ženskih judo natjecanja počela je mnogo godina nakon muških natjecanja. Danas, usprkos formalnoj jednakosti koja je zajednička svim velikim prvenstvima, mnogo manje žena natječe se u judu u usporedbi s muškarcima.
U hrvatskom društvu su judašice, unatoč malobrojnosti, postigle svjetske uspjehe, no i dalje se susreću s brojnim izazovima i predrasudama. Unatoč postignutim uspjesima, one su relativno nepoznate te na neki način društveno „nevidljive“. Predmet istraživanja ovog rada jest analiza fenomena ženskog juda u hrvatskom društvenom kontekstu. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati različite aspekte ženskog juda unutar hrvatskog društva koje je i dalje u velikoj mjeri obilježeno patrijarhalnim odnosima.Throughout history, women's participation in sports has been discouraged and, in some cultures, considered inappropriate. In the beginning, women's judo lagged far behind the men's, and most women's judo competitions began many years after the men's competitions. Today, despite the formal equality common to all major championships, far fewer women compete in judo compared to men.
In Croatian society, female judokas, despite their small number, have achieved world-class success, but they still face numerous challenges and prejudices. Despite the achieved successes, they are relatively unknown and, in some way, socially "invisible". The subject of research in this paper is the analysis of the phenomenon of female judo in the Croatian social context. The aim of this paper is to analyse various aspects of women's rights within Croatian society, which is still largely characterized by patriarchal relations
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF THE DEVELOPMENT TREND OF THE RESULTS IN THE 200 METER MEDLEY MEN'S COMPETITION AT THE WORLD, EUROPEAN AND CROATIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS IN THE PERIOD FROM 2006 TO 2022.
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati i usporediti razvojne trendove i utvrditi krivulje razvoja rezultata u disciplini 200 metara mješovito kod plivača u finalima svjetskih, europskih i državnih prvenstava u 50 – metarskom bazenu u razdoblju od 2006. do 2022. godine, te utvrđivanje razlike između Hrvatske, Europe i svijeta u navedenoj disciplini. Uzorak ispitanika činili su plivači iz finala svjetskih, europskih i državnih prvenstava na disciplini 200 metara mješovito u razdoblju od 2006. do 2022. godine. Uzorak ispitanika za svako prvenstveno definiran je skupom. Podatci su prikupljeni službene stranice Hrvatskog plivačkog saveza, swimrankings i omegatiming.
Postoji statistički značajan napredak u posljednjih šesnaest godina u Hrvatskoj i u Europi što se tiče prosječnih rezultata finalnih utrka. Kod prvoplasiranih rezultata na Europskim prvenstvima i prosječnih rezultata finalnih utrka na svjetskoj razini vidljivi su napreci, ali nedovoljno da bi bili statistički značajni.
Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti kako je europsko mješovito plivanje na dobrom putu razvoja, napredujući kroz godine i u prosječnim rezultatima i u rezultatima za prvo mjesto, te se približava rezultatima svjetskih prvenstava.The aim of this research was to analyse and compare development trends and determine the development curves of results in the 200-meter medley for swimmers in the finals of the World, European and national championships in the 50-meter pool in the period from 2006 to 2022, and to determine the difference between Croatia, Europe and the World in the mentioned discipline. The sample consisted of swimmers from the finals of the world, European and national championships in the 200-meter medley discipline in the period from 2006 to 2022. The sample for each is primarily defined by the set. The data were collected from the official website of the Croatian Swimming Federation, Swimrankings and Omegatiming. There is statistically significant progress in the last sixteen years in Croatia and in Europe as far as the average results of the final races are concerned. The first place results at the European championships and the average results of the final races at the World level show improvements, but not enough to be statistically significant.
Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that European mixed swimming is on a good path of development, progressing over the years both in average results and in results for first place, and is approaching the results of the World championships
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR MEASURING SERVE SPEED IN TENNIS
No full textNa tržištu mobilnih aplikacija postoji više aplikacija za koje se tvrdi da mogu točno izmjeriti brzinu servisa u tenisu. Tvrdnje o valjanosti i pouzdanosti u postocima daju sami izdavači te nisu provjerene istraživačkim pristupom, već samo s nekoliko videozapisa usporedbe mjerenja s radarom. Cilj ovoga rada jest utvrditi valjanost mjernih instrumenata te ispitati koliko dobro mjerni instrument mjeri brzinu servisa uspoređivanjem rezultata s rezultatima mjerenja dobivenih radarom. Uzorak ispitanika je namjeran i sastoji se od tenisača i tenisačica koji se natječu na teniskim turnirima Hrvatskog teniskog saveza. Istraživanje ukupno obuhvaća 20 ispitanika u dobi od 19 do 25 godina. Uzorak varijabli sastoji se od: brzine loptice dobivene pomoću aplikacije i brzine loptice dobivene radarom Stalker ATSII. Za mjerenje brzine loptice aplikacijom upotrebljava se postupak mjerenja i položaj mjernog instrumenta kako je opisano u uputama aplikacije, a mjerenje očitava mjeritelj. Za mjerenje brzine radarom Stalker ATSII upotrebljavat će se postavke koje su opisane u uputama te će mjeritelj ručno zabilježiti na papir svako mjerenje. Prednosti mjernog instrumenta u obliku mobilne aplikacije u trenažnom procesu jesu pristupačna cijena, raširenost te jednostavnost korištenja. Praktična primjenjivost navedenog istraživanja ogleda se u primjeni aplikacije prilikom trenažnog procesa kao pomoćnog sredstva u cilju optimalnog planiranja i programiranja treninga.There are several mobile applications in the mobile application market claiming precise serve speed measurement in tennis. Most of those applications lack information regarding the validity and reliability of their measurements, thereby making them unreliable tools. A few applications, on the other hand, provide error ranges in percentages, but there is limited research validation of these percentage-based claims, with only a few videos comparing radar measurements with comparison videos presented by publishers.
The primary objective of this study is to assess the validity of the most frequently used measurement tools and to investigate accuracy in quantifying serve speed through a comparative analysis with radar measurements. The sample of participants is a convenient sample consisting of male and female tennis players competing in tennis tournaments organized by the Croatian Tennis Association. Included a total of 20 individuals within the age range of 19 to 25 years. The key variables under consideration encompass the velocity of the tennis ball, as measured both by the designated application and the Stalker ATSII radar device. In the context of app-based ball speed measurement, the procedure and positioning of the measurement instrument as specified in the provided application's instructions will be followed. A designated measurer will be responsible for capturing the readings. In instances where the application facilitates the recording and review of results, the collected data will be subjected to post-measurement processing. Similarly, for radar-based ball speed measurement using the Stalker ATSII device, the prescribed settings from the instructions will be followed, and each measurement outcome will be manually documented on paper. The noteworthy aspect of these tools, offered in the form of mobile applications, resides in their affordability, widespread accessibility, and user-friendly nature. The contribution of the measuring instrument in the form of a mobile application refers to its affordability, widespread availability, and ease of use. The practical contribution of this research is evident in the use of the application as a tool for optimal planning and programming during the training process
FINANCING OF BASKETBALL CLUBS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JASKA BASKETBALL CLUB
No full textSport je danas postao jedan od unosnijih biznisa u svijetu u kojem se razmjenjuje znatna količina novca. Područje sporta i sve vezano uz njega se u zadnjih dva desetljeća razvija ogromnom brzinom, sport postaje stvar prestiža, posebice njegovo financiranje. Primarni cilj ovog rada je prikaz i analiza financiranja košarkaškog kluba Jaska od 2016. do 2021. godine. U radu se stoga analiziraju prihodi i rashodi, odnosno od čega se košarkaški klub najviše financira te koji su mu najveći troškovi. Iz analize je utvrđeno kako košarkaški klub Jaska najviše prihoda ostvaruje od Sportske zajednice grada Jastrebarsko, dok su mu najveći rashodi kotizacije za natjecanja i prijevoz igrača na utakmice. U radu su izneseni zaključci i prijedlozi u svrhu kvalitetnijeg funkcioniranja košarkaškog kluba Jaska.Today, sport has become one of the most lucrative businesses in the world, where a significant amount of money is exchanged. The field of sports and everything related to it has been developing at an enormous speed in the last two decades, sport is becoming a matter of prestige, especially its financing. The primary goal of this paper is the presentation and analysis of the financing of the Jaska basketball club from 2016 to 2021. The paper therefore analyzes income and expenses, i.e. what the basketball club is mostly financed from and what are its biggest expenses. From the analysis, it was determined that the basketball club Jaska derives the most income from the Sports Association of the town of Jastrebarsko, while its biggest expenses are registration fees for competitions and transportation of players to matches. The paper presents conclusions and suggestions for the better functioning of the Jaska basketball club
Alpine skiing at recreational and competitive level outside the landscaped terrains
No full textAlpsko skijanje izvan uređenih skijaških terena objedinjuje turno skijanje, freeride i freestyle (slobodno skijanje) te njihove podvrste. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati vrste alpskog skijanja izvan uređenih terena na rekreacijskoj i natjecateljskoj razini, njihove posebnosti i međusobne sličnosti. Iako ovi sportovi svoje početke bilježe stoljećima prije, kada su se skije koristile kao sredstvo prijevoza kroz duboki snijeg i nedostupne terene, tek nedavno ljudi se počinju njime baviti na rekreacijskoj razini. Neke od disciplina već su uključene u program Zimskih olimpijskih igara, a neke će vjerojatno biti. To pokazuje atraktivnost i popularnost koju ovi sportovi dobivaju iz dana u dan. Sloboda kretanja, uživanje u prirodi, odabir vlastitog puta, linije savladavanja terena njihove su posebnosti i razlog odvajanja od pravila i uređenih skijaških terena. Turno skijanje na rekreacijskoj razini bazira se na skijaške izlete, odnosno cikličku kretnju uzbrdo sa ili bez skija u trenutcima kada to nije moguće i uživanje u spustu netaknutim terenom na teško dostupnim mjestima u planinama. Freeride, istaknut kao najeksteremniji sport u ovom radu, prepoznatljiv je prema ekstremnom avanturizmu, odlazak na vrh planine helikopterom ili motornim sanjkama, te savladavanje terana koji uključuju strmine, litice, ledene površine i drveća. Najpoznatija vrsta je Big Mountain koja ima svoje discipline sponzorirane od strane Red Bulla, North Face-a. Zadnja vrsta skijanja izvan klasično uređenih terena odvija se u posebno uređenim parkovima koji imitiraju prirodni teren, zove se freestyle. Dijeli se na skijanje slobodnim načinom koji pripada tradicionalnoj školi i freeski-u koji pripada suvremenoj školi. Sve vrste imaju svoje specifičnosti u opremi koja im omogućuje izvođenje trikova, skokova, kretanja uzbrdo, izvođenje kratkih i dugih zavoja, te prolazak različitih terena. Temelje se na slobodnom kretanju, biranju vlastitih linija i puteva, kreativnosti i uživanju u prirodi.Alpine skiing outside of groomed ski areas encompasses ski touring, freeride, and freestyle skiing and their subcategories. The aim of this thesis is to present types of alpine skiing outside of groomed ski areas at the recreational and competitive levels, their specific characteristics, and their similarities. Although these sports have their roots centuries ago when skis were used as a means of transportation through deep snow and inaccessible terrain, it is only recently that people have started engaging in them at a recreational level. Some of the disciplines are already included in the Winter Olympic Games program, while others will probably be in the future. It shows the attractiveness and increasing popularity these sports are gaining day by day. Freedom of movement, enjoyment of nature, choosing one's own path, and conquering the terrain are their distinct features and the reason for their separation from rules and groomed ski areas. Recreational ski touring is based on ski excursions, cyclic movement uphill with or without skis when necessary, and enjoying the descent on untouched terrain in hard-to-reach places in mountains. Freeride, highlighted as the most extreme sport in this thesis, is characterized by extreme adventurism, reaching top of mountain by helicopters, snowmobiles, or other means, and conquering terrains that include steep slopes, cliffs, icy surfaces, and trees. The most famous type is Big Mountain, which has its disciplines sponsored by Red Bull and The North Face. The last type of skiing outside of traditionally groomed areas takes place in specially designed parks that simulate natural terrain, called freestyle skiing. It is divided into traditional freestyle skiing and freeskiing, belonging to the contemporary school. All types have their specific equipment that enables the performance of tricks, jumps, uphill movement, executing short and long turns, and navigating different terrains. They are based on free movement, choosing their own lines and paths, creativity, and enjoyment of nature
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROGRAM FOR ESTABLISHING A COMPANY FOR PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY SAILING
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je procijeniti opravdanost uspostave usluge prijevoza putnika jedrilicom. Analizom će se teorijski istražiti smislenost ovog projekta, s posebnim fokusom na njegovu financijsku opravdanost i izvedivost. Unatoč izazovima koji se javljaju pri organizaciji takvih usluga, temeljita analiza okruženja može značajno smanjiti njihovu pojavu. Metodom SWOT analize analizirat će se okolina u kojoj bi usluga bila implementirana. Izradit će se poslovni plan na temelju planiranih prihoda te troškova projekta. Kroz sve ove aspekte, rad će istražiti i argumentirati opravdanost razvoja usluge prijevoza putnika jedrilicom kao održivog poslovnog pothvata.The aim of this master's thesis is to assess the justification for establishing a passenger transportation service by sailboat. An analysis will theoretically explore the feasibility of this project, with a specific focus on its financial justification and feasibility. Despite the challenges that arise in organizing such services, a thorough environmental analysis can significantly mitigate their occurrence. The environment in which the service would be implemented will be analyzed using the SWOT analysis method. A business plan will be created based on the projected revenues and project expenses. Through all these aspects, the thesis will explore and argue for the justification for the development of passenger transportation services by sailboats as a sustainable business venture
OPTIMAL LOAD FOR MAXIMAL POWER OUTPUT DURING RESISTED BACK SQUAT AND DEADLIFT EXERCISES
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi na kojem postotku od 1RM-a se maksimizira izlazna snaga u vježbama čučanj i mrtvo dizanje. Uzorak je činilo 16 ispitanika (n = 16; M= 10, Ž=6, aritmetička sredina ± standardna devijacija za dob iznosila je 26 ± 5 godina i tjelesnu masu M= 88.1 ± 8.6 kg, Ž= 60.6 ± 8.4 kg) koji su prošli kroz ukupno četiri dolazaka. Prvi preliminarni dolazak u kojem je testiran njihov 1RM u vježbama čučanj i mrtvo dizanje te tri glavna dolaska u kojem su pomoću GYMAWARE sustava mjerene brzina i izlaz snage u ove dvije vježbe s opterećenjima koja odgovaraju 30, 45, 75 i 90% od 1RM-a. Glavni nalazi ovog istraživanja ukazuju da optimalno opterećenje za manifestaciju vršnog izlaza snage u vježbi mrtvo dizanje iznosi 60% od 1RM-a (1123W), dok se najveći prosječni izlaz snage u mrtvom dizanju manifestirao na 75% od 1RM-a (568W). Optimalno opterećenje za manifestaciju vršnog izlaza snage u vježbi čučanj iznosi 45% od 1RM-a (2510W). Međutim, nisu pronađene razlike u izlaznoj snazi u širokom rasponu od 45 do 90% od 1RM-a. Prosječni izlaz snage se također manifestirao na 45% od 1RM-a (1184W), no također nisu pronađene razlike u izlaznoj snazi u rasponu od 30 do 60% od 1RM-a. Zaključno, vršni izlaz snage u treningu s otporom relativno je varijabilan podatak te nije dovoljno pouzdan kako bi se praktičari mogli osloniti isključivo na njega pri planiranju i programiranju treninga s otporom. Međutim, vršni izlaz snage može imati jednu vrlo bitnu ulogu, a to je pružanje povratne informacije sportašu o izlazu snage u stvarnom vremenu kako bi svako ponavljanje bilo izvedeno namjerom maksimalne brzine izvedbe. Kada je osigurano da je taj preduvjet ispunjen, moguće je usredotočiti se na brzinu izvedbe i usmjeravanje trenažnog procesa ovisno o potrebama sportaša.The aim of this research was to determine at which percentage of 1RM the power output is maximized in the squat and deadlift exercises. The sample consisted of 16 respondents (n = 16; M= 10, F=6, arithmetic mean ± standard deviation for age was 26 ± 5 years and body weight M= 88.1 ± 8.6 kg, F= 60.6 ± 8.4 kg) who passed through a total of four arrivals. The first preliminary in which their 1RM was tested in the squat and deadlift exercises and the three main arrivals in which, using the GYM system, speed and power output were measured in these two exercises with loads corresponding to 30, 45, 75 and 90% of 1RM. The main findings of this research indicate that the optimal load for the manifestation of peak power output in the deadlift exercise is 60% of 1RM (1123W), while the highest average power output in the deadlift was manifested at 75% of 1RM (568W). The optimal load for the manifestation of peak power output in the squat exercise is 45% of 1RM (2510W). However, no differences were found in power output over a wide range from 45 to 90% of 1RM. Mean power output also occurred at 45% of 1RM (1184W), but also no differences were found in power output ranging from 30 to 60% of 1RM. In conclusion, maximum power output in resistance training is relatively variable and is not reliable enough for practitioners to rely solely on it when planning and programming resistance training. However, it can play one very important role, that of providing real-time feedback to the athlete about power output so that each repetition is performed with the maximum possible intent. When we have ensured that this prerequisite is met, we can focus on speed data and direct the training process depending on the needs of the athlete we are working with
GENDER ASPECTS OF SPORTS IN MODERN SOCIETY
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje prisutnost transrodnih osoba u sportskom sustavu kroz povijest. Prikazani su ključni trenuci i događaji koji su oblikovali regulaciju njihovog sudjelovanja u natjecanjima. Ulaskom u 21. stoljeće i ubrzanom globalizacijom došlo je i do porasta svijesti o postojanju različitih rodnih identiteta te je zapadno društvo u procesu potpunog prihvaćanja i integriranja transrodnih osoba u društvo. U svijetu sporta javljaju se protivnici prihvaćanju transrodnih osoba u natjecateljskom sportu zbog morfoloških prednosti koje transrodne žene imaju u odnosu na svoje suparnice. U 21. stoljeću proces globalizacije se ubrzao, a svijest ljudi o postojanju različitih rodnih identiteta je porasla. Društvo na zapadu nastoji prihvatiti transrodne osobe i integrirati ih u društvo. U svijetu sporta bilo je protivljenja prihvaćanju transrodnih osoba u natjecateljskim sportovima jer transrodne žene imaju prednost nad svojim konkurenticama. Ovaj je rad za cilj imao analizirati i objasniti problematiku roda u sportu iz perspektive sociologije. Naglasak je stavljen na fenomen transrodnosti. Početni otpor Međunarodnog olimpijskog odbora prema ženskoj atletici rezultirao je stvaranjem posebnih ženskih Olimpijskih igara, no postupno su se otvarala vrata za žensku atletiku unutar Olimpijskih igara. Tijekom godina, testiranje spola evoluiralo je od medicinskih potvrda do brisa obraza i DNK testiranja. Iako je testiranje spola prestalo biti obvezno, regulacije su ostale prisutne, posebno u vezi razine testosterona kod ženskih sportašica. Prikazani su i slučajevi transrodnih sportaša koji su se našli u skandaloznim situacijama. Rad aktualizira raspravu o pravima i sudjelovanju transrodnih osoba u sportu. Ovaj rad ističe važnost osjetljive ravnoteže između osiguravanja jednakih prava za sve sportaše i održavanja pravednosti u natjecanjima.This thesis examines the presence of transgender people in the sports system throughout history. The key moments and events that shaped the regulation of their participation in competitions are presented. With the entry into the 21st century and accelerated globalization, there has been an increase in awareness of the existence of different gender identities, and Western-oriented society is in the process of fully accepting and integrating transgender people into society. In the world of sports, there are opponents to the acceptance of transgender people in competitive sports because of the morphological advantages that transgender women have compared to their rivals. In the 21st century, the process of globalization accelerated, and people's awareness of the existence of different gender identities increased. Western society tries to accept transgender people and integrate them into society. In the sports world, there has been opposition to accepting transgender people in competitive sports because transgender women have an advantage over their competitors. The aim of this paper was to analyze and explain the issue of gender in sport from the perspective of sociology. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of transgender. The International Olympic Committee's initial resistance to women's athletics resulted in the creation of a special women's Olympic Games, but the door gradually opened for women's athletics within the Olympic Games. Over the years, gender testing has evolved from medical confirmations to cheek swabs and DNA testing. Although gender testing is no longer mandatory, regulations remain, especially regarding testosterone levels in female athletes. Cases of transgender athletes who found themselves in scandalous situations are also shown. updates the debate on the rights and participation of transgender people in sports. This paper highlights the importance of a delicate balance between ensuring equal rights for all athletes and maintaining fairness in competitions