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Efficacy of the estimation of number of repetitions in reserve within autoregulatory training method using rating of percevied exertion with regard of the training experience of the trainees in the deadlift exercise
No full textPrimarni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi postoje li razlike u učinkovitosti broja ponavljanja u rezervi (RIR) unutar metode treninga autoregulacijske subjektivne procjene opterećenja (RPE) s obzirom na trenažno iskustvo vježbača u vježbi mrtvo dizanje. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 24 ispitanika podijeljenih u 3 kategorije s obzirom na trenažno iskustvo: do 2 godine iskustva, do 4 godine iskustva i preko 4 godine iskustva. Ispitanici su bili zdravi trenirani muškarci starosti 21,8 ± 2,1 godine. Ispitanicima je izmjereno 1 maksimalno ponavljanje (1RM), te serije s procjenom 5 ponavljanja u rezervi (RPE5/RIR5), s procjenom 3 ponavljanja u rezervi (RPE7/RIR3) i serija do otkaza, odnosno 0 ponavljanja u rezervi (RPE10/RIR0). Pretpostavka je bila da trenažno iskustvo ispitanika neće statistički značajno utjecati na procjenu broja ponavljanja u rezervi u vježbi mrtvo dizanje. Jednosmjernom ANOVA-om utvrđeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike između skupina kod RPE5r (p = 0,53) i RPE7r (p = 0,29).The main goal of this study was to establish if there is a difference in efficacy of the estimation of number of repetitions in reserve (RIR) within autoregulatory training method using rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with regard of the training experience of the trainees in the deadlift exercise. The study consisted of 24 participants split into 3 categories according to their training experience: under 2 years of training experience, under 4 years of training experience and over 4 years of training experience. Participants were trained healthy men aged 21.8 ± 2.1 years. Subjects had their one repetition maximum (1RM) measured, sets with estimated 5 repetitions in reserve (RPE5/RIR5), sets with estimated 3 repetitions in reserve (RPE7/RIR3) and sets to failure or i.e. 0 repetitions in reserve (RPE10/RIR0). The assumption was that training experience will not statistically affect the estimation of repetitions in reserve in the deadlift exercise. It was established with one-way ANOVA that there is no statistically significant differences between the categories in RPE5r (p = 0.53) and RPE7r (p = 0.29)
Comparison and correlation of tests for assessment of anaerobic capacity in football players
No full textNogomet je posljednjih godina iznimno napredovao na svim područjima. Igra je mnogo brža, intenzivnija te zahtjeva puno bolju kondicijsku pripremljenost nego u prošlosti. Igrači pretrče puno veće udaljenosti s većim intenzitetom nego ikada prije. Često igrači dolaze do samih gra nica svojih mogućnosti i kondicijskih sposobnosti. Upravo zbog toga je potrebno igrače što bolje pripremiti za same utakmic e . Aerobne kao i anaerobne sposobnosti moraju biti na visokom nivou. Dobre anaerobne sposobnosti pomoći će nogometašu da se odupire umoru pri aktivnostima najvećeg intenziteta. S tim na umu, u ovom radu odrađena je usporedba dva anaerobna testa. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li korelacija dobivenih rezultata u dva testa (300 m i RAST test) Istraživanje je provedeno na 17 seniorskih nogometaša medijalne dobi 19,4 ± 0.6 (18 20 godina . Prije početka testiranja ispitanicima je izmjerena visina tijela, masa tijela te su upisan i dob i trenutna igračka pozicija. Testiranje se provodilo u dva navrata u razmaku od dva dana kako bi se sportaši dovoljno oporavili za testiranje koje slijedi te kako umor ne bi bio ograničavajući faktor. Sportašima je testirana maksimalna brzina na 20 m sa i bez zaustavljanja. Za svaku od njih igrači su imali tri pokušaja te im se uzelo najbolje vrijeme kao referentna vrijednost. Nakon toga igrači su odradili 300 m test ( 15 × 20 bez pauze). Nakon provedenog 300 m t esta igrači su imali dva dana odmora te se 3. dan odradio RAST test ( 6 × 35 s 10 sec pauze između svakog sprinta). Statističkom obradom podataka može se vidjeti da će sportaši koji su bolji u 300 m testu biti bolji i u RAST testu. Također usporedbom rezultata sprinta na 20 m sa zaustavljanjem i 20 m bez zaustavljanja može se vidjeti da je veća pouzdanost rezultata u sporedbom s 20 m sa zaustavljanjem što ima smisla jer se i sami test provodi sa fazama zaustavljanja odnosno deceleracije.Football has made tremendous progress in all areas in recent years. The game is much faster, more intense, and requires much better physical preparation than in the past. Players endure much longer distances with greater intensity than ever before. Often, players reach the very limits of their capabilities and fitness capabilities. This is precisely why it is necessary to prepare players better for the same matches. Aerobic and anaerobic abilities must be at a high level. Good anaerobic abilities will help the soccer player resist fatigue during activities of the highest intensity. In this paper a comparison of two anaerobic tests was made. The main goal of this research is to determine if there is a correlation between the results obtained in the two tests (300 m and RAST test). The research was conducted on 17 senior football players with a median age of 19.4 ± 0.6 (18 - 20) years. Before the start of the test, the subjects' height and weight were measured, and their age and current playing position were recorded. Testing was performed on two occasions two days apart to allow the athletes to recover sufficiently for the following testing so that fatigue would not be a limiting factor. Athletes were tested for maximum speed at 20 m with and without stopping. For each of them, the players had three attempts and their best time was taken as a reference value. After that, the players did a test of 300 m (15×20 without a break). After the 300 m test, the players had two days of rest, and on the 3rd day, the GROWTH test was performed (6×35 with a 10 sec break between each sprint). Statistical data processing shows that athletes who are better in the 300 m test will also be better in the RAST test. Also, by comparing the results of the 20 m sprint with a stop and 20 m without a stop, the reliability of the results is higher compared to the 20 m with a stop, which makes sense because the test itself is carried out in the phases of stopping or deceleration
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN VARIOUS PROTOCOLS FOR ASSESSING VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE
No full textTestovi vertikalne komponente skočnosti bitan su dio sportske dijagnostike radi važnosti vertikalnog skoka u mnogim sportovima. Najčešće korišteni laboratorijski mjerni instrumenti uključuju skupu i nepraktičnu opremu u vidu platformi za mjerenje sile. Razvojem tehnologije i potrebom za instrumentima koji su jednostavniji u primjeni, instrumenti poput video tehnologije i inercijskih mjernih jedinica postaju sve korišteniji alati u sportskoj dijagnostici. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi valjanost novih modela video tehnologije i inercijske mjerne jedinice za procjenu visine skoka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 15 muških studenata Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (Dob = 23,93 ± 1,75 godina; Tjelesna visina = 184,29 ± 7,22 cm; Tjelesna masa = 79,08 ± 9,43 kg). Mjerenje se sastojalo od izvedbe tri različita testa za procjenu visine skoka mjerenih pomoću pet različitih mjernih instrumenata, od kojih su se dva odnosila na nove modele video tehnologije i inercijske mjerne jedinice. Koeficijentom varijacije procijenjena je dosljednost pojedinačnih mjerenja za svaki instrument u skupu podataka. Rezultati između novih modela (video tehnologija i inercijska mjerna jedinica) i referentnih instrumenata (platformi za mjerenje sile) uspoređivani su Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije i Bland-Altman testom. Dobiveni rezultati koeficijenta varijacije ukazuju na usporedive rezultate dosljednosti podataka među različitim instrumentima. Rezultati Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije ukazuju na veliku razinu povezanosti između novih modela i referentnih instrumenata, dok rezultati Bland-Altman testa daju statistički značajnu pristranost samo u određenim usporedbama. Pregledom svakog testa zasebno teško je zaključiti o valjanosti novih modela dok je komplementarnim uvidom u rezultate Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije i Bland-Altman testa moguće ukazati kako novi modeli mogu poslužiti kao relativno pouzdana opcija za procjenu visine skoka.Vertical jump tests are an essential part of sports diagnostics due to the significance of vertical jumps in various sports. The most used laboratory measurement instruments include expensive and impractical equipment in the form of force platforms. With the advancement of technology and the need for simpler to use instruments, tools like video-based technology and inertial measurement units are becoming increasingly more utilized in sports diagnostics. The aim of the study is to determine the validity of new models of video-based technology and inertial measurement unit for assessing jump height. The study included 15 male students from the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Zagreb (Age = 23,93 ± 1,75 years; Height = 184,29 ± 7,22 cm; Weight = 79,08 ± 9,43 kg). The measurement consisted of performing three different jump tests measured using five different measurement instruments, two of which were related to new models of video-based technology and inertial measurement units. The coefficient of variation was used to assess the consistency of individual measurements for each instrument in the dataset. The results between the new models (video-based technology and inertial measurement unit) and reference instruments (force platforms) were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman test. The obtained coefficient of variation results indicates relatively similar measurement consistency among different instruments. Pearson's correlation coefficient results show a high level of correlation between the new models and reference instruments, while the results of the Bland-Altman test indicate statistically significant bias in certain comparisons. By examining each test individually, it is difficult to conclude on the validity of the new models, but through a complementary analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman test results, it is possible to suggest that the new models can serve as a relatively reliable option for assessing jump height
INFLUENCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON SUCCESS IN TENNIS, SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE RESEARCH
No full textMorfološke ili antropometrijske karakteristike daju uvid u građu ljudskog tijela te imaju veliko značenje u selekciji mladih sportaša za pojedini sport te u modificiranju trenažnog procesa. Neke od antropometrijskih karakteristika genetski su uvjetovane, ali ključne za uspjeh u određenom sportu te se na njih može jako malo ili neznačajno utjecati (tjelesna visina), dok su neke podložne promjenama ciljanog procesa treninga (tjelesna masa i postotak potkožnog masnog tkiva).
Cilj ovoga rada bio je kroz sustavni pregled literature utvrditi povezanost između određenih antropometrijskih odnosno morfoloških karakteristika tenisača i uspjeha definiranog ostvarenim rezultatom, odnosno pozicioniranjem na nekim od međunarodnih ili nacionalnih rang ljestvica. Najviše uspoređivane antropometrijske karakteristike za koje postoji najveći broj dostupnih informacija su tjelesna masa, tjelesna visina, postotak potkožnog masnog tkiva te indeks tjelesne mase. Proučavana je veza između navedenih karakteristika i ostvarenih rezultata, kako u nižim dobnim kategorijama tako i kod profesionalnih tenisača.Morphological or anthropometric characteristics give closer view in anatomy of human body and have great significance in selection of young athletes for specific sport as well as in modification of the training process. Some of the anthropometric characteristics are genetically determined, but are of the most importance for success in certain sport discipline and can be very little or insignificantly influenced (body height), and some are subject to changes due to specific training process (body mass and percentage of body fat). The main goal of this thesis was to determine through systematic literature research, connection between specific anthropometrical i.e. morphological characteristics of tennis players and their connection to success, which is defined by achieved result on some of the international or national ranking scales. The most compared anthropometric characteristics, for which there is the most data available, are body mass, body height, percentage of body fat and body mass index. The connection between listed characteristics and the results of tennis players in lower age categories as well as in professional tennis players was studied
Diagnosis and Prevention injury of Hamstrings Muscles
No full textU sportu te sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima najčešće zastupljene ozljede koje se javljaju kod sportaša su ozljede hamstringsa. Takva vrsta ozljeda nastaje uslijed mnogobrojnih čimbenika među kojima su najčešći brza promjena smjera kretanja, nagla zaustavljanja, sprintevi, udarci po lopti, a sve to događa se tijekom ekscentrične kontrakcije i stvaranja velike sile. Svrha ovog rada je prikazati samu anatomsku građa mišića te njegove zadaće, vrste ozljede, rehabilitacijske postupke te načine prevencije i dijagnostike. Mišićna skupina se sastoji od 3 mišića. M.biceps femoris, m.semintendinosus i m.semimembranosus od kojih svaki od navedenih mišića sudjeluje u lokomociji ljudskog tijela i izvođenju različitih pokreta nogu, a inervirani su n.ischiadicusom. Preventivni mehanizmi podrazumjevaju primjenu različitih programa vježbi izometrične, koncentrične i najčešće primjenjene ekscentrične kontrakcije, a jedna od najčešće izvođenijih takvih vježbi je Nordic hamstrings koja prema brojnim istraživanjima uz ostale vježbe smanjuje stopu ozljeda i povećava snagu mišića. Kako bi se postotak ovakvih vrsta ozljeda smanjio te kako nebi došlo do narušavanja sportskih performansi značajna je redovna primjena preventivnih programa vježbanja. Preventivni programi mogu se provoditi u uvodnom i glavnom dijelu treninga, ali i kao zaseban trening sportaša. Ukoliko dođe do ozljeda efikasnim provođenjem dijagnostičkih postupaka započinje proces rehabilitacije. Dijagnostika podrazumjeva analizu povijesti ozljeda, klinički pregled, palpaciju, usporedbu sa neozljeđenom nogom te različite vrste testova koje čine osnovu za početak provođenja rehabilitacijskih procesa. Danas, nerijetko korištena klinička dijagnoza podrazumjeva ultrazvuk i magnetsku rezonancu kao alat za definiranje ozljede i vrijeme potrebno za povratak u sport. Kvalitetna dijagnostika usmjerava proces rehabilitacije, ubrzava oporavak i priprema sportaša na povratak u svakodnevni trening ili sportsko natjecanje ovisno o mjeri sportaševe uključenosti u sport.In sports and recreational activities, the most prevalent injuries among athletes are hamstring injuries. This type of injury arises due to numerous factors, with the most common being rapid changes in direction, sudden stops, sprints, ball impacts, all of which occur during eccentric contractions and the generation of significant force. The purpose of this professional work is to present the anatomical structure of the muscle itself, its functions, types of injuries, rehabilitation procedures, as well as methods of prevention and diagnosis. The muscle group consists of three muscles: the m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus, and m. semimembranosus. Each of these muscles contributes to the locomotion of the human body and the execution of various leg movements, innervated by the n. ischiadicus. Preventive mechanisms involve the application of different exercise programs, including isometric, concentric, and most commonly used eccentric contractions. One of the frequently performed exercises is the Nordic hamstring exercise, which, according to numerous studies, along with other exercises, reduces the injury rate and increases muscle strength. In order to decrease the percentage of such injuries and to avoid compromising athletic performance, regular implementation of preventive exercise programs is crucial. These preventive programs can be incorporated into both the warm-up and the main part of training, as well as being conducted as separate training sessions for athletes. Efficient diagnostic procedures initiate the rehabilitation process in case of injuries. The diagnostic process involves analyzing injury history, clinical examination, palpation, comparison with the uninjured leg, and various types of tests that form the basis for commencing rehabilitation processes. Today, clinical diagnosis often includes the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as tools for defining the injury and estimating the time required for return to sport. High-quality diagnostics guide the rehabilitation process, accelerate recovery, and prepare the athlete for re-entry into everyday training or competitive sports, depending on the extent of the athlete's involvement in the sport
THE IMPACT OF NORDIC WALKING ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND MOTOR SKILLS OF BEGINNERS IN NORDIC WALKING
No full textNordijsko hodanje predstavlja vrstu sportsko-rekreativne aktivnosti koja podrazumijeva hodanje uz pomoć posebno konstruiranih štapova za nordijsko hodanje. Provodi se na otvorenom prostoru u prirodi te predstavlja vrstu aerobne aktivnosti cikličkog tipa, gdje u odnosu na klasično hodanje, dolazi do veće aktivacije mišića pa samim time i do veće energetske potrošnje. Pozitivni učinci nordijskog hodanja vidljivi su kako na fizičkom, tako i na psihičkom zdravlju samih hodača. Međutim, malo je radova u kojima su istraživani utjecaji nordijskog hodanja na kvalitetu života samih hodača, što ukazuje na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjem tog područja. Kvaliteta života kao multidimenzionalan pojam, od davnina je bio zanimljiv istraživačima kako za definiranje, tako i za samu procjenu. S obzirom na to, cilj ovoga rada je ustanoviti učinak osmotjednog treninga nordijskog hodanja na kvalitetu života vezanu za zdravlje i motoričke sposobnosti osoba početnika u nordijskom hodanju. Na uzorku od 23 ispitanika, među kojima je 19 žena i 4 muškarca, prosječne dobi 53,3±5,3 godina, visine 171,7±10,1 cm, tjelesne mase 76,4±18,4 kg te indeksa tjelesne mase 25,6±4,0 provedeno je inicijalno i finalno mjerenje gdje je putem upitnika zdravstvenog statusa SF-36 procijenjena kvaliteta života. Putem timed up and go testa i 6-minutnog testa hodanja procijenjena je funkcionalna sposobnost kao i motoričke sposobnosti poput brzine hoda i dinamičke ravnoteže. Program nordijskog hodanja rekreativnog je karaktera, a ispitanici su početnici nordijskog hodanja. Istraživanje je trajalo ukupno 10 tjedana, od čega je 8 tjedana trajao trenažni proces, a tijekom prvog i zadnjeg tjedna provedeno je inicijalno i finalno mjerenje. Rezultati su pokazali da je nakon osam tjedana treninga nordijskog hodanja došlo do poboljšanja određenih motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti, kao i do kvalitete života kod osoba početnika nordijskog hodanja u odnosu na period prije početka bavljenja nordijskim hodanjem.Nordic walking is a type of sports and recreational activity that involves walking with the help of specially constructed poles for Nordic walking. It is carried out in an open space in nature and represents a type of aerobic activity of the cyclic type, where compared to classical walking, there is a greater activation of muscles and thus a greater energy consumption. The positive effects of Nordic walking are visible on the physical as well as mental health of walkers themselves. However, there are few research works investigating the impacts of Nordic walking on the quality of life of walkers themselves, indicating the need for additional research into the area. Quality of life as a multidimensional term has long been of interest to researchers both for defining and for the assessment itself. Considering this, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of eight-week Nordic walking training on the quality of life related to the health and motor skills of beginners in Nordic walking. On a sample of 23 subjects, including 19 women and 4 men, with an average age of 53.3±5.3 years, height of 171.7±10.1 cm, body weight of 76.4±18,4 kg, and body mass index of 25.6±4.0, initial and final measurement was carried out where the quality of life was assessed through the SF-36 health status questionnaire. Through a timed up and go test and a 6-minute walking test, functional ability as well as motor skills such as walking speed and dynamic balance were assessed. The Nordic walking program is of a recreational character, and the respondents are beginners in Nordic walking. The study lasted a total of 10 weeks, of which the training process lasted 8 weeks, and during the first and the last week, the initial and final measurement was carried out. The results showed that after eight weeks of Nordic walking training, there was an improvement in some motor and functional skills, as well as the quality of life in beginners in Nordic walking compared to the period before the start of Nordic walking
DIFFRENCES IN OPINIONS ABOUT COVID BETWEEN CROATIAN AND FOREIGN WRESTLERS
No full textHrvači kao i sportaši ostalih dvoranskih i kontaktnih sportova, tijekom pandemije izazvane korona virusom naišli su na mnoge prepreke. S obzirom da se s ovakvom situacijom nitko nije susreo informacije koje su dobivali sportaši, u ovom slučaju hrvači, bile su različite i iz različitih izvora. U skladu sa tim informacijama sportaši su stvarali određene stavove/mišljenja, a u skladu sa tim mišljenjima i preporukama koje su dobivali, formirali su određena ponašanja u vezi sa COVID-om 19. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati razlike u stavovima i ponašanjima uzorkovanih pandemijom bolesti COVID 19 između hrvatskih hrvačkih reprezentativaca i hrvačkih reprezentativaca inozemnih reprezentacija. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 116 hrvača, od toga 71 inozemnih i 45 hrvatskih reprezentativaca. Prosječna dob sportaša je 22.86 godina. Istraživanje je provedeno putem upitnika koje su se sastojale od općih pitanja, pitanja vezanih uz preboljenje i cijepljenje protiv COVID-a 19, The COVID 19 Anxiety Scale, koja se odnosi na procjenu stavova vezanih za pandemiju COVID-a 19 te The COVID 19 Safety Behaviour Checklist koja se sastoji od 7 pitanja koja su povezana sa ponašanjima vezanim uz COVID-19.
Iz rezultata istraživanja moguće je zaključiti kako inozemni i hrvatski reprezentativci imaju vrlo slične stavove o COVID-u 19. Statistički značajna razlika primjećena je samo u jednoj varijabli. Inozemni i hrvatski hrvački reprezentativci generalno ne smatraju COVID 19 značajno opasnijom bolešću od gripe, ali je ipak primjećena statistički značajna razlika u toj varijabli. Kada promatramo ponašanja sportaša koja su uzrokovana stavovima spram COVID-a uočava se razlika u znatno većem broju varijabli. Inozemni hrvači se u većoj mjeri pridržavaju preporučenih mjera. Najveće razlike u ponašanjima očituju se u pridržavanju preporuka veće higijene ruku, držanja distance, nošenju zaštitnih maski ali i prihvaćanje cjepiva kao jedno od važnijih sredstava za samozaštitu od strane inozemnih hrvačkih reprezentativaca. Možemo zaključiti da bez obzira što je većina ispitanih hrvača preboljela COVID 19 sa blažim simptomima ili uopće nije imala COVID 19, i dalje se pridržavaju propisanih mjera zbog sporta kojim se bave i fizičkog kontakta kojeg ostvaruju u njemu.Wrestlers, as well as athletes in other indoor and contact sports, came across numerous obstacles during the pandemic caused by the corona virus. Considering that no one had faced a situation like that one, the athletes, in this case the wrestlers, were provided with contrasting information that came from various sources. The athletes adopted certain attitudes and formed certain opinions based on that information. In accordance with those opinions, including the recommendations they were given, they displayed certain behaviours related to COVID-19. The objective of this research is to examine the differences in attitudes and behaviours resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic between the Croatian national wrestling team members and foreign national wrestling team members. The research included 116 wrestlers, 71 of whom were foreign and 45 Croatian national team members. The average age of the athletes is 22.86 years. The research was conducted using questionnaires that consisted of general questions and questions relating to recovery from and vaccination against COVID-19, including the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale which refers to the assessment of attitudes about the COVID-19 pandemic, and the COVID-19 Safety Behaviour Checklist comprising 7 questions concerning COVID-19-related behaviours.
Based on the results of the research, it may be concluded that foreign and Croatian national team members have very similar attitudes about COVID-19. A statistically significant difference has been observed only in one variable. Foreign and Croatian national wrestling team members generally do not consider COVID-19 to be a disease considerably more dangerous than the flu, but a statistically significant difference has nevertheless been observed in that variable. A difference in a significantly larger number of variables may be observed when examining athletes’ behaviours resulting from their attitudes about COVID-19. Foreign wrestlers adhere to the recommended measures to a greater extent. The biggest differences in behaviours are manifested in the implementation of recommendations on maintaining better hand hygiene, keeping a safe distance, wearing protective masks, as well as on accepting the vaccine as one of the most important means of self-protection by the foreign national wrestling team members. It can be concluded that, despite having recovered from COVID-19 with milder symptoms or not having suffered from COVID-19 at all, most of the wrestlers involved in the research continue to adhere to the prescribed measures due to the sport they do and the physical contact they come into while doing it
DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF SELECTED MOTOR AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES BETWEEN CROATIAN WRESTLING NATIONAL TEAMS OF DIFFERENT AGE
No full textPrimarni cilj diplomskog rada je utvrditi razlike u razini odabranih motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti, dok je sekundarni cilj rada utvrditi razlike u izvođenju tehnika dizanja utega ocjenjivanjem između hrvatskih hrvačkih reprezentativaca različite dobi (U-15) i (U-17). U provedenom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 40 ispitanika, koji su bili raspoređeni u dvije grupe. Prvu grupu je činilo 20 hrvača u kategoriji kadeta (U-17), a drugu grupu je činilo 20 hrvača u kategoriji starijih dječaka (U-15) grčko-rimskog načina hrvanja. Obje grupe su bile testirane sa 15 različitih testova za procjenu motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti, u tih 15 testova testirala se eksplozivna snaga tipa skočnosti, eksplozivna snaga tipa sprinta, repetitivna snaga, specifična koordinacija, specifična izdržljivost, fleksibilnost i ocjene motoričkih znanja. Primjenjeni testovi imaju dobre metrijske karakteristike te su provjereni testovi W. Staroste koji se koriste skoro 40 godina. Nakon provedene analize, prikazani su rezultati, a za opis rezultata korišteni su osnovni deskriptivni parametri: aritmetička sredina (M), standardna devijacija (SD), minimum (MIN), maksimum (MAX) te pokazatelji parametra distribucije (skewness, kurtosis). Provjera simetričnosti (skewness) i spljoštenosti (kurtosis) pokazuje da distribucije tih varijabli jesu blago asimetrične, ali su ta odstupanja objektivno zanemariva. Razlika između dva uzorka ispitanika utvrđivana je pomoću T-testa, te Kolmogorov-Smirnovljev test za provjeru normalnosti distribucije. Temeljem provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti kako su hrvači starijeg uzrasta (kadeti) ostvarili bolje rezultate u većini odabranih testova motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti, što možemo pridodati prvenstveno njihovom biološkom razvoju i razini treniranosti, što im omogućuje kvalitetnije treniranje i kvalitetniji razvoj različitih sposobnosti.The primary goal of the thesis is to determine the differences in the level of selected motor and
functional abilities, while the secondary goal of the work is to determine the differences in the
performance of weightlifting techniques by evaluation between Croatian wrestling national team
members of different ages (U-15) and (U-17). 40 subjects participated in the research, who were
divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 20 wrestlers in the cadet category (U-17), and
the second group consisted of 20 wrestlers in the category of older boys (U-15) of the Greco-Roman style of wrestling. Both groups were tested with 15 different tests for the assessment of motor and functional abilities, in these 15 tests explosive power of the jumping type, explosive power of the sprint type, repetitive power, specific coordination, specific endurance, flexibility and evaluations of motor skills were tested. The applied tests have good metric characteristics and are proven W. Staroste tests that have been used for almost 40 years. After the analysis, the results were presented, and basic descriptive parameters were used to describe the results: arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), minimum (MIN), maximum (MAX) and indicators of distribution parameters (skewness, kurtosis). Checking the symmetry (skewness) and flattening (kurtosis) shows that the distributions of these variables are slightly asymmetric, but these deviations are objectively negligible. The difference between the two samples of subjects was determined using the T-test, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to check the normality of the distribution. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that older wrestlers (cadets) achieved better results in the majority of selected tests of motor and functional abilities, which we can attribute primarily to their biological development and training level, which enables them to train better and develop different abilities better
ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS EVENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textHrvatski turizam većinski se odvija u tzv. „špici sezone“, odnosno tijekom ljetnih mjeseci, i to srpnja i kolovoza. Najveći turistički promet tijekom spomenutih mjeseci ostvaruju destinacije u hrvatskom priobalnom području; pritom su gotovo posve zanemarene prirodne kvalitete ostalih regionalnih dijelova Hrvatske. Hrvatski se turizam na nacionalnoj razini u takvom kontekstu razvija kao svojevrstan oblik masovnoga turizma, koji za motiv dolaska turista na hrvatsko područje ima isključivo more i sunce. Kako bi došlo do smanjenja takve naglašene sezonalnosti i koncentracije turističkoga prometa u tako kratkom vremenskom razdoblju na određenom regionalnom području, potrebno je razvijati na nacionalnoj razini i druge specifične oblike turizma, odnosno ponuditi druge razloge dolaska stranim i hrvatskim turistima i izvan priobalnoga područja, a jedan od njih upravo su sportski događaji. Na temelju provedene analize moguće je zaključiti kako održavanje i promicanje sportskih događaja pridonosi razvoju turizma u Republici Hrvatskoj te potpomaže ostvarivanju nacionalnih strateških ciljeva, poput povećanja turističkoga prometa u razdoblju pred i post sezone, i to ne samo na priobalnom području, nego i u ostalim regionalnim dijelovima Hrvatske, zatim povećanja godišnje prosječne potrošnje turista, a na koncu i osnaživanja nacionalnoga turističkoga brenda.Most Croatian tourism occurs during the so-called “season peak”, which refers to tourism during the summer months – July and August. Most of the tourist traffic in those months occurs around destinations in Croatian coastal areas, whereas the natural beauties of other Croatian regional parts are almost fully neglected. Croatian tourism on a national level in that context develops as a particular form of mass tourism, for which the reason for visiting the Croatian territory is exclusively sea and the sun. To decrease such exaggerated seasonality and concentration of the tourist traffic in such a short period within the specific regional territory, it is also essential to develop other forms of tourism to offer tourists – foreigners and local tourists coming from other non-coastal parts – with other motives for visiting. One such motive is sports events. Therefore, the main objective of this master’s thesis is to depict how organizing and promoting sports events can aid the development of tourism in the Republic of Croatia, as well as helps reach national strategic goals such as increasing the tourist traffic in the period pre and post-season, not only in the coastal areas but also in other regions of Croatia, increase the average yearly spending generated by tourists and finally strengthen the national tourist brand
The impact of surface type on the speed of direction change for football players
No full textMotoričke sposobnosti su vrlo su važan faktor za postizanje uspjeha u nogometnoj igri. Jedne od najvažnijih motoričkih sposobnosti koje direktno utječu na individualnu uspješnost u nogometnoj igri jesu brzina i agilnost. Visoka razina brzine i agilnosti mogu stvoriti dobre preduvjete za uvećanu sposobnost anticipacije, reakciju na protivnika i njihove odluke, te uslijed nepredvidljivih situacija, neposredno nakon percepcije novonastale situacije, reagirati brže od protivnika. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi utječe li podloga na kojoj se nogometaš kreće na brzinu promjene smjera. Istraživanje je provedeno na 10 seniorskih nogometaša prosječne dobi od 23,40 godina, prosječne visine 184,67 cm i tjelesne mase 81,78 kg testirane u srpnju i kolovozu 2023.godine na podlogama prirodne trave, umjetne trave i u sportskoj dvorani, na parketu. Kroz primjenu eksperimentalnog dizajna istraživanja, promatrane varijable i uspoređivanja su sljedeći motorički testovi: Koraci u stranu (s), 20 jardi (s), T – drill test (s), Arrowhead test (s), Trčanje na 20 metara maksimalnom brzinom (s). Prikupljeni podaci i rezultati svih testova dobiveni su putem visoko preciznih senzora Microgate Witty sustavom fotoćelija. Rezultati testiranja nakon očitavanja i analize pokazali su statistički značajnu razliku između tri podloge (p0,05). Rezultati u svim varijablama iskazuju razliku, ali ne statistički značajnu. Za dobivanje rezultata i obradu podataka korišteni su Witty sustav fotoćelija i Statistica 14.0.Motor skills are one of the key factors in achieving success in football game. Among the most important motor skills that directly impact individual performace in football are speed and agility. A high level of speed and agility can create good conditions for an enhanced ability to anticipate, react to opponents and their decisions, and respond faster than opponents in unpredictable situations immediately after perceiving a newly emerged situation. The aim of this research is to determine whether the surface on which football player moves influences the speed of direction change and reaction speed. The study was condutctet on 10 senior football players with average age of 23,40 years, an average height of 184,68 cm, and an average weight of 81,78 kg tested in July and August of 2023., on three surfaces: natural grass, artificial turf, and on parquet floor in a sports hall. Through application of an experimental research design, the observed variables and comparisons included the following motor tests: Lateral shuffle (s), 20-yard sprint (s), T – drill Test (s), Arrowhead test (s), 20 – meter sprint (s). The collected data and results of all tests were obtained using highly precise Microgate Witty sensor photocell system. The test results revealed a statistically significant difference among the three surfaces (p 0.05). The results for all variables indicate a distinction, albeit not statistically significant. To obtain results and process the data, the Witty photocell system and Statistica 14.0 were employed