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Effect of programed physical exercise on the improvement of quality of life in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj programiranoga tjelesnoga vježbanja na unaprjeđenje kvalitete života hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od posttraumatskoga stresnoga poremećaja (PTSP-a). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 140 hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata oboljelih od PTSP-a, prosječne životne dobi od 60,4 godine, muškog spola. Ispitanici su nakon inicijalnog mjerenja nasumično razvrstani u eksperimentalnu (N=70) i kontrolnu grupu (N=70). U istraživanju su se koristili sljedeći mjerni instrumenti: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 „PCL-5“, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale „K10“, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indeks „PSQI“, WHO Quality of Life – BREF „WHOQOL – BREF“ i mjerni instrumenti za mjerenje antropometrijskih mjera visine tijela (VT), mase tijela (MT), indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM), opsega trbuha (OT), te postotaka masnog tkiva, mišićnog tkiva i visceralnog masnog tkiva. Deskriptivna statistika varijabli prikazana je uz pomoć aritmetičkih sredina i standardnih devijacija. Normalitet distribucije testirao se K-S testom. Za obradu podataka koristila se analiza varijance (ANOVA) za izračun eventualnih početnih razlika između eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe, a analizom varijance za ponovljena mjerenja (RMANOVA) analizirale su se promjene tijekom trajanja istraživanja u eksperimentalnoj i bez intervencije u kontrolnoj grupi. Nakon što su se utvrdile statističke značajnosti, naknadne razlike između grupa izračunale su se post-hoc testom s Bonferronijevom korekcijom. Statistička značajnost za sve testove postavila se na p<0.05. Nakon 12-tjedne intervencije programiranim tjelesnim vježbanjem, ukupna vrijednost „PCL-5“ liste se smanjila kod eksperimentalne grupe za 26.7%, što se pokazalo statistički značajnima (t-vrijednost=16.838, p<0.001, ES=1.06). Postotak „niske“ razine psihološkog distresa se povećao s 14.0% na 24.6%, dok se postotak „visokog“ rizika psihološkog distresa smanjio s 86.0% na 75.4% kod eksperimentalne grupe, što se pokazalo statistički značajno (p<0.001). Ukupna vrijednost kvalitete spavanja se poboljšala kod eksperimentalne grupe za 29.3%, što se pokazalo statistički značajnima (t-vrijednost=21.665, p<0.001, ES=1.11). Vrijednost tjelesne mase značajno se smanjila kod eksperimentalne grupe za 5.8% (t-vrijednost=2.511, p=0.015, ES=0.32), isto kao i vrijednost indeksa tjelesne mase za 2.6% (t-vrijednost=8.716, p<0.001, ES=0.19). Vrijednost opsega trbuha značajno se smanjio kod eksperimentalne grupe za 3.3% (t-vrijednost=3.488, p<0.001, ES=0.30), kao i vrijednost postotka masne mase za 4.8% (t-vrijednost=9.802, p<0.001, ES=0.25). Vrijednost postotka mišićne mase se povećala kod eksperimentalne grupe za 2.5%, ali se razlike nisu pokazale
statistički značajnima (t-vrijednost=-1.492, p=0.141, ES=0.20), dok se vrijednost visceralnog masnog tkiva smanjila kod eksperimentalne grupe za 11.7%, što se pokazalo statistički značajnima (t-vrijednost=14.730, p<0.001, ES=0.50). Vrijednost svih domena kvalitete života koje se odnose na tjelesno zdravlje (t-vrijednost=-34.015, p<0.001, ES=2.81), psihološko zdravlje (t-vrijednost=17.665, p<0.001, ES=3.06), socijalne odnose (t-vrijednost=18.447, p<0.001, ES=1.23) i okolišno zdravlje (t-vrijednost=21.574, p<0.001, ES=3.58) se povećala kod eksperimentalne grupe, što se pokazalo statistički značajnima.
Potvrđeno je da programirano tjelesno vježbanje u trajanju od 12 tjedana, statistički značajno: smanjuje simptome PTSP-a hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, smanjuje psihološki distres hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, poboljšava kvalitetu sna hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, poboljšava antropometrijske pokazatelje tjelesne mase, indeksa tjelesne mase, opsega trbuha, te postotka masnog tkiva, mišićnog tkiva i visceralnog masnog tkiva hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, poboljšava kvalitetu života hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, čime su potvrđene sve hipoteze.
Ovim istraživanjem uspostavila se povezanost između kinezioloških sadržaja, opterećenja i metoda programiranoga tjelesnoga vježbanja s učinkom u smislu unaprjeđenja kvalitete života hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a, uključenih u eksperimentalni program vježbanja. Upravo zbog navedenog rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu poslužit za izradu znanstveno utemeljenih smjernica programiranoga tjelesnoga vježbanja kojima će se pozitivno utjecati na unaprjeđenje kvalitete života hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-a. Znanstveno dokazane spoznaje koje su proizašle iz ovog istraživanja osigurale su smjernice za praktičnu primjenu i razvoj prvog prilagođenog prevencijskog programa tjelesnog vježbanja u Hrvatskoj za hrvatske branitelje oboljele od PTSP-a. Time će se unaprijedit skrb za hrvatske branitelje oboljele od PTSP-a u vidu poboljšanja kvalitete njihova života. Izvorni znanstveni doprinos rada ogleda se u vrednovanju i boljem razumijevanju utjecaja programiranoga tjelesnoga vježbanja na kvalitetu života hrvatskih branitelja oboljelih od PTSP-aThe aim of the study was to determine the impact of programmed physical exercise on the improving quality of life among Croatian war veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study included 140 Croatian war male veterans from the Homeland war, suffering from PTSD, average age 60,4 years of age. After the initial measurement, participans were ramdomly divided in experimental (N=70) and control (N=70) group. The following instruments were used for assesment: PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV „PLC-5“, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale „K10“, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index „PSQI“, WHO Quality of Life – BREF „WHOQOL – BREF“ and measuring instruments for body hight, body mass, Body Mass Index, abdominal circumference, and percentages of fat tissue, muscle tissue and visceral fat. Descriptive statistics of the variables are presented with the help of arithmetic means and standard deviations. The normality of the distribution was tested with the K-S test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data processing to calculate possible initial differences between the experimental and control groups, and the analysis of variance for repeated measurements (RMANOVA) was used to analyze changes during the research period in the experimental and without intervention in the control group. After statistical significance was determined, subsequent differences between groups were calculated by post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance for all tests was set at p<0.05. After a 12-week intervention with programmed physical exercise, the total value of the "PCL-5" list decreased in the experimental group by 26.7%, which proved to be statistically significant (t-value=16.838, p<0.001, ES=1.06). The percentage of "low" level of psychological distress increased from 14.0% to 24.6%, while the percentage of "high" risk of psychological distress decreased from 86.0% to 75.4% in the experimental group, which proved to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The total value of sleep quality improved in the experimental group by 29.3%, which proved to be statistically significant (t-value=21.665, p<0.001, ES=1.11). The value of body mass decreased significantly in the experimental group by 5.8% (t-value=2.511, p=0.015, ES=0.32), as did the value of the body mass index by 2.6% (t-value=8.716, p<0.001, ES =0.19). The value of the abdominal circumference significantly decreased in the experimental group by 3.3% (t-value=3.488, p<0.001, ES=0.30), as well as the value of the percentage of fat mass by 4.8% (t-value=9.802, p<0.001, ES= 0.25). The percentage value of muscle mass increased in the experimental group by 2.5%, but the differences were not statistically significant (t-value=-1.492, p=0.141, ES=0.20), while the value of visceral fat decreased in the experimental group by 11.7% , which turned out to be statistically significant (t-value=14.730, p<0.001, ES=0.50). The value of all quality of life domains related to physical health (t-value=-34.015, p<0.001, ES=2.81), psychological health (t-value=17.665, p<0.001, ES=3.06), social relationships (t -value=18.447, p<0.001, ES=1.23) and environmental health (t-value=21.574, p<0.001, ES=3.58) increased in the experimental group, which proved to be statistically significant. It has been confirmed that programmed physical exercise lasting 12 weeks, statistically significantly: reduces the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, reduces the psychological distress of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, improves the quality of sleep of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, improves the anthropometric indicators of body mass, body mass index, abdominal circumference, and the percentage of fat tissue, muscle tissue and visceral fat tissue of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, improves the quality of life of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, thus confirming all hypotheses.
This research established a connection between the kinesiology content, load and methods of programmed physical exercise with the effect in terms of improving the quality of life of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD, included in the experimental exercise program. Precisely because of the above, the results of this research can be used to create scientifically based guidelines for programmed physical exercise that will have a positive effect on improving the quality of life of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD. The scientifically proven knowledge that emerged from this research provided guidelines for the practical application and development of the first customized preventive exercise program in Croatia for Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD. This will improve care for Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD in the form of improving their quality of life. The original scientific contribution of the work is reflected in the evaluation and better understanding of the impact of programmed physical exercise on the quality of life of Croatian veterans suffering from PTSD
PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING MESOCYCLE OF THE MEN'S HANDBALL YOUTH NATIONAL TEAM OF CROATIA
No full textU ovom specijalističkom diplomskom radu detaljno je opisano planiranje i programiranje mezociklusa muške rukometne kadetske reprezentacije Hrvatske (U-19) koji sam kao izbornik planirao i programirao, te isti na kraju i sproveo zajedno sa svojim stručnim stožerom u ljeto 2021 godine.
U prvom dijelu diplomskog rada prikazane su opće zakonitosti planiranja i programiranja kao temeljne strukture za ostvarivanje ciljanih rezultata, te su pojašnjeni svi pojedinačni periodi unutar te strukture. Nadalje, detaljno je prikazan i analiziran mezociklus priprema muške rukometne kadetske reprezentacije Hrvatske za Europsko rukometno prvenstvo za kadete (EHF EURO M19) koje se održavalo u Hrvatskoj. Kronološki se prolazi kroz postupak periodizacije, analizom svake pojedine faze, zatim kroz prikaz i analizu mikrociklusa, te kroz prikaz pojedinog kondicijskog i rukometnog treninga unutar mikrociklusa. Sistematizacija i detaljizacija opisanog upućuje na složenost upravljačke akcije kao što je planiranje i programiranje mezociklusa muške rukometne kadetske reprezentacije Hrvatske za vrhunsku razinu natjecanja.
Neki od detalja kojima je posvećena posebna pažnja su tehničko-taktički aspekt priprema, odabir sustava igre, metodologija rada u svim fazama rukometne igre. zatim problemi, izazovi i prilagodba samog plana i programa priprema. Sinergija i pomoć od strane naših najboljih i najiskusnijih trenera prikazuju se kao bitni čimbenici u ostvarivanju zadanih ciljeva te postizanju vrhunskog rezultata. Samo Europsko prvenstvo kadeta predstavljeno je kronološki kroz sve utakmice prvenstva, s naglaskom na pomno planiranje i programiranje u korelaciji sa ostvarivanjem zadanih ciljeva.This specialist thesis describes in detail the planning and programming of the mesocycle of the men's handball cadet national team of Croatia (U-19), which I planned and programmed as a coach, and finally implemented together with my professional staff in the summer of 2021. In the first part of the thesis, the general laws of planning and programming are presented as the basic structure for achieving the targeted results, and all individual periods within that structure are explained.
Furthermore, the mesocycle of the preparation of the men's cadet handball team of Croatia for the European Cadet Handball Championship (EHF EURO M19), which was held in Croatia, is presented, and analysed in detail. Chronologically, it goes through the periodization procedure, analysing each individual phase, then through the presentation and analysis of the microcycle, and through the presentation of individual conditioning and handball training within the microcycle. The systematization and detailing of the described points to the complexity of the management action, such as the planning and programming of the mesocycle of the men's handball cadet national team of Croatia for the top level of competition.
Some of the details to which special attention is paid are the technical-tactical aspect of preparations, the selection of the game system, the methodology of work in all phases of the handball game. then problems, challenges and adaptation of the preparation plan itself. Synergy and help from our best and most experienced trainers are shown as important factors in achieving the set goals and achieving top results. The European Cadet Championship itself is presented chronologically through all the championship matches, with an emphasis on careful planning and programming in correlation with the achievement of set goals
PERSPECTIVE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AND RECREATION TOURISM IN LIKA AND GORSKI KOTAR
No full textHrvatska je poznata turistička destinacija, a područje Like i Gorskog kotara sve je popularniji izbor za mnoge turiste. To su turističke destinacije u kojoj se turistička ponuda temelji na resursima iz prirode kao što su voda, zrak, šuma i slično. Problem koji se ovim radom želi istražiti je ponuda sportsko-rekreacijskih sadržaja na području Like i Gorskog kotara te korištenje prirodnih resursa na adekvatan i siguran način u svrhu stvaranja turističke ponude. Cilj ovog rada je da se na temelju već istraženih prirodnih potencijala Like i Gorskog kotara prikažu različite mogućnosti turističke ponude u sektoru sportsko-rekreacijskog turizma. Važno je napomenuti kako se na području Like i Gorskog kotara nalaze mnoge rijeke, jezera, planine, nacionalni parkovi i parkovi prirode koje su idealne za sport, rekreaciju i odmor. Postoji turistička ponuda koja se temelji na sportsko-rekreacijskim sadržajima na tom području, ali postoji i prostora za napredak. Na području Like i Gorskog kotara turistima se nude sportsko-rekreacijski sadržaji u vodi poput vožnje kajakom, čamcem, plivanja, ribolova, ali i u planinama poput planinarenja, alpinizma, skijanja i dr. Popularne aktivnosti su lov i vožnja biciklima, dok su za avanturiste osigurani adrenalinski parkovi i sadržaji poput vožnje quadom, zipp line, streličarstvo i slično. Turistička ponuda mora se provoditi u skladu s ekološki održivim turizmom kako bi se sačuvale turističke lokacije i kako bi se osigurao kvalitetan boravak turista uz očuvanje prostora obitavanja domaćih stanovnika. Također, važno je produljiti turističku sezonu na način da se otvore sportski objekti (otvoreni i zatvoreni) u kojim će se provoditi sportsko-rekreacijske aktivnosti za sve zainteresirane posjetitelje i na taj način omogućiti turistima da kvalitetno provedu svoj odmor.Croatia is a well-known tourist destination, and the area of Lika and Gorski kotar are an increasingly popular choice for many tourists. These are tourist destinations where the tourist offer is based on natural resources such as water, air, forest, etc. The problem we want to investigate with this research is the offer of sports and recreational facilities in the area of Lika and Gorski kotar and the use of natural resources in an adequate and a safe way to create a tourist offer. The aim of the work is to present different possibilities of tourist offer in the sports and recreation tourism sector based on the already explored natural potentials of Lika and Gorski kotar. It is important to note that in the area of Lika and Gorski kotar there are many rivers, lakes, mountains, national parks and nature parks which are ideal for sports, recreation and vacation. There is a tourist offer based on sports and recreational facilities in the area, but there is also room for improvement. In the area of Lika and Gorski kotar, tourists are offered sports and recreational facilities in the water such as kayaking, boating, swimming, fishing, but also in the mountains such as hiking, mountaineering, skiing, etc. Popular activities are hunting and cycling, while for adventurers provided adrenaline parks and other facilities such as quad biking, zip line, archery and the like. The tourist offer must be carried out in accordance with ecologically sustainable tourism in order to preserve tourist locations and ensure a quality stay for tourists while preserving the living space of local residents. Also, it is important to extend the tourist season in such a way as to open sports facilities (open and closed) in which sports and recreational activities will be carried out for all interested visitors and thus enable tourists to have a quality vacation
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN LONG JUMP AND HIGH JUMP IN STUDENTS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF THE FACULTY OF KINESIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB
No full textPoznata je činjenica da brzina i skočnost u današnjim modernim sportovima imaju veliku ulogu i kao takvi su zastupljeni u nekom obliku gotovo u svakom sportu. Atletske discipline skok udalj i skok uvis mogu biti dobri pokazatelji skočnosti pojedinca. Studenti kineziologije uglavnom aktivno treniraju u različitim sportovima te treninzi različito utječu na njihovu skočnost. Stoga je korisno istražiti utjecaj različitih trenažnih procesa prema specifičnostima pojedinog sporta na razinu skočnosti. Primarni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi i analizirati razlike između rezultata ostvarenih u dvije atletske discipline (skok udalj i skok uvis) između grupa sportaša iz 10 različitih sportova: nogometa, košarke, rukometa, atletike, juda, odbojke, plivanja, tenisa, taekwondoa i vaterpola te grupa sportašica iz 6 različitih sportova: plesa, nogometa, atletike, rukometa, odbojke i košarke.
Istraživanje kod muških grupa ispitanika utvrdilo je da u varijabli skok uvis postoji značajna razlika između grupa košarkaša u odnosu na vaterpoliste, judaše i nogometaše, dok kod muških ispitanika u varijabli skok udalj postoji značajna razlika između grupe atletičara u odnosu na vaterpoliste, tenisače, plivače, rukometaše i nogometaše. Kod ženskih grupa ispitanika u varijabli skok uvis nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika, a u varijabli skok udalj grupa atletičarki statistički se značajno razlikuje od svih drugih grupa sportašica. Rezultati testiranja pokazuju da sportaši koji za potrebe svog sporta dominantno koriste vertikalne skokove, kao npr. košarkaši, imaju značajno bolji rezultat u skoku uvis od ostalih navedenih sportaša. Međutim, u skoku udalj, u kojem je potrebnija horizontalna skočnost, ne odstupaju značajno niti od jedne grupe sportaša. S druge strane, grupa odbojkaša koji također za potrebe odbojkaške igre na terenu izvode razne oblike skokova u ovom istraživanju nisu pokazali značajno odstupanje u rezultatu u odnosu na ostale sportaše niti u skoku udalj niti u skoku uvis. Navedena saznanja imaju važnu ulogu u planiranju, programiranju i provođenju trenažnih procesa koji će rezultirati povećanjem skočnosti i brzine sportaša, što može pozitivno utjecati na samu situacijsku izvedbu.The significance of jumping ability in modern sports cannot be overstated, as it is a crucial aspect of a vast majority of athletic disciplines. High jump and long jump are indicative of an individual's jumping aptitude and are frequently trained by kinesiology students. This study aims to investigate the effect of sport-specific training methods on the development of jumping ability. The primary objective is to compare the results of high jump and long jump between male students from 10 diverse sports disciplines (football, basketball, handball, athletics, judo, volleyball, swimming, tennis, taekwondo and water polo) and female students from 6 sports (football, handball, basketball, dance, volleyball and athletics).
The findings indicate a noticeable difference in high jump among male basketball players compared to water polo, judo and football players, and in long jump between male athletes compared to male examinees from water polo, tennis, swimming, handball, and football. Conversely, there was no significant difference in high jump among female examinees, however, there was a statistically significant difference in long jump between female athletes and all other female examinees. The results suggest that male basketball players, who primarily train vertical jumps, exhibit better results in high jump compared to other groups, while no distinct differences were observed in long jump. Female volleyball players, who incorporate various types of jumps in their training, did not show any significant differences in either high jump or long jump compared to other groups. These findings have important implications for the planning and implementation of training programs aimed at enhancing jumping ability and speed, which in turn will positively impact athletic performanc
The significance of boules as a part of sports recreation
No full textLjudi sve više biraju rekreaciju kao oblik aktivnosti, koja im je, bez obzira na dob, spol i razinu sposobnosti potrebna za unaprijeđenje zdravlja i poboljšanje kvalitete života. Boćanje je sport koji, zbog svojih karakteristika,pruža mogućnost svim osobama da sudjeluju u njemu.Stoga je u radu, pored osnovnih teorijskih odrednica sportske rekreacije, opisano boćanje kao sport (povijesni razvoj, pravila igre, prostor za izvođenje, oprema) te prikazan njegov značaj kao vrlo primjenjivog i zanimljivog sadržaja sportske rekreacije s posebnim osvrtom na osobe starije životne dobi.People increasingly choose recreation as a form of activity, which, regardless of age, gender and ability level, they need to improve their health and improve their quality of life. Boules is a sport that ensures the implementation of sports recreation, meets the needs of all people who engage in it, including people with disabilities. Some of advantages of boules, which are why more and more people are playing it, are its applicability in different conditions, interesting content, competitive character and independence from the age of the competitors or recreational players
ASYMMETRY OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT SIDES OF THE SWIMMER'S BODY
No full textFunkcionalnom procjenom pokreta (Functional movement screen; FMS) procjenjivali su se stabilnost i mobilnost te potencijalni disbalansi lokomotornog sustava. Prikupljeni su podaci o mobilnosti ramena, rotacijskoj stabilnosti, bilateralnoj mobilnosti i stabilnosti kukova, koljena i skočnog zgloba, stabilnost i kontrola položaja zdjelice te trbušnog zida. Cilj istraživanja bio je na uzorku od 35 plivača, uzrasta kadeta i mlađih juniora, utvrditi postoji li razlika u rezultatima bilateralnih FMS testova na temelju kojih se može zaključiti postojanost asimetrije ili disbalansa lijeve i desne strane tijela kod plivača. Prikupljeni podaci opisani su deskriptivnom statistikom, a razlike u lijevoj i desnoj strani uspoređene su Wilcoxon signed-rank testom.
Istraživanjem je dokazana statistički značajna razlika u bilateralnom FMS testu mobilnost ramena (SML - SMD (Z = 2,072 i p = 0,038)). U preostala četiri bilateralna FMS testa (HS, ILL, ASLR, RS) ne postoje statistički značajne razlike. Podatak o postojanju disbalansa zasigurno je važan pokazatelj da se u trenažnom procesu mora obratiti pažnja na simetričan i obostran razvoj mobilnosti, stabilnosti i funkcionalnosti pokreta s ciljem bolje izvedbe u plivanju i smanjenju vjerojatnosti ozljeđivanja.Functional movement screen(s) (FMS) stability and mobility and potential imbalances of the locomotor system were assessed. Data were collected on shoulder mobility, rotational stability, bilateral mobility and stability of the hips, knee and ankle, stability and control of pelvic position and abdominal wall. The aim of the research was to determine whether there is a difference in the results of bilateral FMS tests based on which it can be concluded the persistence of asymmetry or imbalance of the left and right sides of the body in swimmers. The collected data were described by descriptive statistics, and the differences in the left and right sides were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The research proved a statistically significant difference in the bilateral FMS shoulder mobility test (SML - SMD (Z = 2.072 and p = 0.038)). In the remaining four bilateral FMS tests (HS, ILL, ASLR, RS) there are no statistically significant differences. The data on the existence of imbalances is certainly an important indicator that in the training process must pay attention to the symmetrical and mutual development of mobility, stability and functionality of movements with the aim of better performance in swimming and reducing the likelihood of injury
MONITORING OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE LOAD ON THE EXAMPLE OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS
No full textOva je studija imala za cilj identificirati varijable vanjskog opterećenja temeljene na GPS-u koje potencijalno utječu na unutarnje opterećenja tijekom treninga (parametri izvedeni iz RPE-a: RPE i RPE sesije – sRPE). Podaci o trenažnom opterećenju za 18 mladih nogometaša elitnog ranga prikupljeni su tijekom 81 treninga i 14 utakmica iz prve polusezone 2021./2022, godine. Uzimajući u obzir sva promatranja (treninzi i utakmice), otkrivene su značajne umjerene, visoke i vrlo visoke korelacije (p < 0,05) između vrijednosti RPE i GPS parametara. Korelacija između većine GPS varijabli s vrijednostima sRPE u odnosu na RPE je bila znatno veća. Ovaj rad pruža preliminarne dokaze o korisnosti metode RPE i sRPE za kvantificiranje opterećenja pri treningu kod mladih nogometaša budući da je većina vanjskih pokazatelja koji se temelje na GPS-u bila visoka do vrlo visoka korelacija s parametrima izvedenim iz RPE. Dodatno, varijable vanjskog opterećenja mogu se potencijalno najbolje procijeniti kombinacijom subjektivne procjene opterećenja (RPE skala) i Wellness upitnikom.The goal of this research was to find objective load parameters based on GPS data that could potentially affect internal load during soccer training (measured through RPE-derived parameters: RPE and session-RPE). The researchers collected data on training load for 18 young elite soccer players during 81 training and 14 games from the first half of the 2021/2022 season. After analyzing all the data, the study found high to very high correlations (p < 0.05) between subjective parameters and objective parameters, with the correlation between most GPS variables and sRPE values being higher than that with RPE values. The study provides initial evidence that the RPE and sRPE method can be useful for measuring training load in adolescence soccer players, as most GPS-based external indicators were strongly correlated with RPE-derived parameters. Moreover, external load variables can potentially be estimated best by combining subjective load assessment (RPE scale) and a wellness questionnaire
Analysis of the difference in the performance of the repeated sprint ability and the change of direction in futsal with and without driblling ball
No full textZa futsal je karakteristično da postoji veliki broj visokointenzivnih aktivnosti i cilj je da se sportaš akumulira što manje umora. Cilj rada je bio utvrditi razlike u rezultatima u sposobnosti ponavljanja sprinteva i promjene smjera kretanja sa i bez vođenja lopte kod futsal igrača. Korištena su dva testa za sposobnost ponavljanja sprinteva koji su bili MBI300m, taj test se izvodi na način da sportaš trči 20m 15 puta sa promjenom smjera kretanja dok je drugi test MBI240PSK koji se izvodi na način da sportaš trči 8 puta 40m sa promjeno smjera kretanja te ima 20sek pauze. Testovi za promjenu smjera kretanja su bili MAGT (T – test) i MAG90K (9 3 6 3 9). Istraživanje je provedeno na 13 igrača futsala juniorskog uzrasta (AS±SD, 18±0,71 god) . Rezultati su analizirani putem T – testa te je dobiveno da postoji statistička značajna razlika u rezultatima kod svih testova sa i bez vođenja lopte. Dobiveni rezultati koje nisu bili statistički značajni su %MBI240PSK koja označuje postotak opadanja brzine trčanja sprinteva gdje nema statističke značajne razlike sa i bez vođenja lopte. Također analizirajući opadanja brzine trčanja svakog pojedinog sprinta nije dobivena statistički značajna razlika između drugog sprinta bez lopte sa drugim sprintom sa loptom i tako sve do osmog sprinta bez i sa loptom. Vođenje lopte povećava energetsku potrošnju sportaša za vrijeme submaksimalnih aktivnosti što objašnjava dobivene podatke. U testiranje futsal igrača trebalo bi uvrstiti i testove sa vođenjem i bez vođenja lopte. U testovima sa vođenjem lopte najbolje rezultate su imali igrači koji spadaju u prvu četvorku testirane ekipe te može biti pokazatelj tehničke kvalitete igrača. Testiranje bez vođenja lopte je nužno jer se utvrđuju parametri kondicijske pripremljenosti.Futsal is characterized by a large number of high-intensity activities, and the goal is for the athlete to accumulate as little fatigue as possible. The aim of the work was to determine the differences in results in the ability to repeat sprints and change the direction of movement with and without dribbling the ball in futsal players. Two tests were used for the repeated sprint ability, which were the MBI300m (15*20m), which is performed in such a way that the athlete runs 20m 15 times with a change of direction of movement, while the second test is the MBI240PSK (8*40m), which is performed in such a way that the athlete runs 8 times for 40m with a change of direction of movement and has 20 seconds rest. The tests for change of direction were MAGT (T – test) and MAG90K (9 3 6 3 9). The research was conducted on 13 junior futsal players age ( 0,71). The results were analyzed using the T-test, and it was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the results of all tests with and without dribbling the ball. The variables that were not statistically significant are %MBI240PSK, which indicates the percentage of which sprint decrements where there is no statistically significant difference with and without guiding the ball. Also, analyzing the decrease in speed of each individual sprint, no statistically significant difference was obtained between the second sprint without the ball and the second sprint with the ball, and so on until the eighth sprint without and with the ball. Driving the ball increases the athlete's energy consumption during submaximal activities, which explains the obtained data. In the testing of futsal players, tests with and without guiding the ball should be included. In tests with ball handling, the best results were obtained by players who belong to the first four of the tested team, and this can be an indicator of the technical quality of the players. Testing without driving the ball is necessary because the parameters of fitness preparation are determined
The coach and his educational role
No full textCilj ovog rada je utvrditi koje su karakteristike koje trener treba posjedovati kako bi mogao kvalitetno sudjelovati u odgoju sportaša/rekreativca u bilo kojem stadiju njegovog života (djeca/mladi/odrasli/stari) te objasniti na koji način se te karakteristike manifestiraju u procesu odgoja od najmlađe do najstarije dobi. Prvi dio objašnjava razvoj sporta i odgoja kakvog danas poznajemo te glavne karakteristike i obilježja odgoja. Razvoj sporta datira tisućama godina unazad. U ondašnje vrijeme, treneri nisu imali toliko važnu ulogu koliku imaju danas, stoga posao trenera nije bio od značajne važnosti. Razvojem znanosti provode se istraživanja na polju sporta s ciljem unaprjeđenja treniranosti sportaša. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja treneri konstruiraju trenažne operatore i usmjeravaju svoju izobrazbu. Drugi dio definira ulogu trenera i predstavlja karakteristike koje trener treba posjedovati kako bi uspješno provodio sve svoje uloge. Osim planiranja i programiranja sportske pripreme, trener ima mnoge druge uloge kao što su motivator, komunikator, odgajatelj, prijatelj, psiholog. U trećem dijelu navode se razvojne karakteristike prema dobnim skupinama i koja je uloga trenera sukladna tome. Trenerski se posao odvija na više razina s obzirom na uzrast, a pristup trenera prema sportašu razlikuje se ovisno o uzrastu s kojim radi (u ovom radu sportaši su podijeljeni na 3 skupine: Djeca i mladi adolescenti (0 – 15 godina), radno sposobno stanovništvo (15 – 64 godine) i starija populacija (≥ 65)).The goal of this thesis is to determine the characteristics that a coach needs to possess in order to be able to participate in the education of athletes/recreational individuals in any stage of their life (children/youth/adults/elderly) and how these characteristics should be manifested in the process itself from the youngest to the oldest age. The first part explains the development of sports and education as we know it today and what are the main characteristics and features of education. The development of the sport dates back thousands of years. At that time, coaches did not have such an important role as they do today, therefore the job of the coach itself was not of significant importance. Through the development of science throughout the years, scientists conduct various researches in the field of sports with the aim of improving the training of athletes. Based on the results obtained from these studies, trainers construct training operators and direct their training. The second part defines the role of the coach and presents the characteristics that the coach should possess in order to successfully carry out all his roles. In addition to planning and programming sports preparations, the coach has many other roles such as motivator, communicator, educator, friend, psychologist. In the third part, the developmental characteristics according to age groups are stated and what is the role of the coach accordingly. Coaching work takes place on several levels with regard to age, and the coach's approach to the athlete differs depending on the age he works with (in this work, athletes are divided into 3 groups: Children and young adolescents (0-15 years old), working age population (15-64 years old) and elderly population (≥ 65))
AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COMPETENCE OF MOVEMENT IN THE WATER OF RESPONDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONS
No full texta pojam kompetencije postoje razne definicije i mnoštvo znanstvenih i stručnih radova koji se bave tom problematikom. U ovome istraživanju koristili smo definiciju kompetencije iz Oxfordovog riječnika 2003. „ Kompetencije se objašnjavaju kao: imanje neophodnih znanja i sposobnosti nešto učiniti uspješno te kao skup povezanih znanja,stavova,vještina i drugih osobnih karakteristika koje utječu na glavni dio čijega posla“. Također u ovome radu bazirati ćemo se na pojam svjesnosti koja predstavlja psihičku funkciju. Zbog nedovoljnih kompetencija kretanja u vodi dolazi do brojnih utapanja ljudi te je cilj bio vidjeti koliko su ljudi različitih profesija svjesni tog problema. U kompetencije kretanja u vodi spadaju: skok u vodu,uranjanje glave u vodu, disanje i kontrola disanja ispod i iznad površine vode,rotacije tijela oko uzdužne,poprečne i sagitalne osi u vodoravnom i okomitom položaju tijela na vodi. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je dobivanje uvida o razini svjesnosti o važnosti kompetencija kretanja u vodi. Nastojat će se dobiti podaci o tome kako ispitanici različitih populacija utječu na opću svjesnost o važnosti kompetencija kretanja u vodi kako bi se prikazali mogući čimbenici koju utječu na ovakve stavove. Također će se utvrditi postoji li razlika između ispitanika s obzirom na različitu profesiju zanimanja. Ispitanici ovog istraživanja bili su studenti prve i druge godine Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (127 ispitanika), studenti druge godine Ekonomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (188 ispitanika) te profesori razredne i predmetne nastave osnovnih škola u Zagrebu i Rijeci (76 ispitanika). Istraživanje se provelo putem anketnog upitnika pomoću Likertove skale slaganja ili neslaganja kroz 22 tvrdnje. Prikupljeni podaci obrađeni su u programu za statističku obradu podataka Statistica. Izračunati su osnovni statistički pokazatelji dobiveni na učestalosti odgovora za skupne zasebne varijable te je za ispitivanje razlika između ispitanika s obzirom na različito polje studija društvenih znanosti koristila se univarijantna analiza varijance (ANOVA) i Studentov t-test za nezavisne varijable. Rezultati deskriptivne statistike pokazuju da su najveći rezultati zabilježeni u tvrdnji broj 12 (AS=4,51), a najmanji u tvrdnji broj 18 (AS=2,34). Prema rezultatima Studentovog t-testa ispitanici Kineziološkog fakulteta u Zagrebu najveću statistički značajnu razliku u usporedbi s ispitanicima Ekonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i Profesora pokazali su u tvrdnji broj 2. S obzirom da su kompetencije kretanja u vodi vrlo važne u prevenciji utapanja od iznimne je važnosti pobuditi svjesnostt opće populacije o tom problemu i pronaći načine kako educirati roditelje,adolescente,djecu i odrasle osobe. U ovome istraživanju također se spominju i profesori koji imaju iznimnu ulogu u odgajanju i educiranju djece te je njihov stav o važnosti znanja kretanja u vodi važan.For the concept of competence, there are various definitions and many scientific and professional works dealing with this issue. In this research, we used the definition of competence from the Oxford dictionary in 2003. "Competence is explained as: having the necessary knowledge and ability to do something successfully and as a set of related knowledge, attitudes, skills and other personal characteristics that affect the main part of one's job". Also, in this paper, we will base ourselves on the concept of awareness, which represents a psychological function. Due to the insufficient competences of movement in water, many people drown, and the goal was to see how many people of different professions are aware of this problem. Competences for movement in water include: jumping into water, immersing the head in water, breathing and breathing control below and above the surface of the water, rotation of the body around the longitudinal, transverse and sagittal axes in the horizontal and vertical position of the body on the water. The aim of this research is to gain an insight into the level of awareness of the importance of the competences of movement in water. An effort will be made to obtain data on how the respondents of different populations influence the general awareness of the importance of the competences of movement in the water in order to present the possible factors that influence such attitudes. It will also be determined whether there is a difference between the respondents with regard to the different occupation profession. The subjects of this research were first- and second-year students of the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Kinesiology (127 respondents), second-year students of the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Economics (188 respondents), and teachers of classroom and subject classes in elementary schools in Zagreb and Rijeka (76 respondents). The research was conducted through a questionnaire using a Likert scale of agreement or disagreement through 22 statements. The collected data were processed in the statistical data processing program Statistica. The basic statistical indicators obtained on the frequency of responses for collective and separate variables were calculated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student t- test for indenpendent variable.
The results of descriptive statistics show that the highest results were recorded in claim number 12 (mean=4.51), and the lowest in claim number 18 (mean=2.34). According to the results of the Student's t-test, the subjects of the Faculty of Kinesiology in Zagreb showed the greatest statistically significant difference compared to the subjects of the Faculty of Economics in Zagreb and Professors in statement number 2. Given that the competencies of movement in water are very important in the prevention of drowning, it is extremely important to arouse awareness of the general population about this problem and find ways to educate parents, adolescents, children and adults. This research also mentions professors who have an exceptional role in raising and educating children, and their attitude about the importance of knowledge of movement in water is important