Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
Not a member yet
1705 research outputs found
Sort by
Development of sport and recreational shooting in the area of the city of Slatina and its surroundings
No full textSportska rekreacija, odnosno sportsko-rekreacijsko streljaštvo, specifično je područje tjelesne aktivnosti koje karakterizira posebna struktura programa primjerenih potrebama i interesima korisnika svih uzrasta, različitog nivoa sposobnosti i zdravstvenog stanja. U radu se istražuju mogućnosti razvoja sportsko-rekreacijskog streljaštva kao sredstva za unaprjeđenje turizma na području grada Slatine i okolice. Grad Slatina, sa svojim prirodnim i kulturnim resursima, nudi značajan potencijal za integraciju streljaštva u turističku ponudu. Analizirani su postojeći resursi i infrastruktura, uključujući šume Papuka, jezera Javorica i Slanac te ruralna područja uz rijeku Dravu. Identificirane su potrebe za modernizacijom postojećih streljana i izgradnjom novih objekata te pratećih sadržaja poput ugostiteljskih objekata i smještajnih kapaciteta. Kroz potencijalne razvojne projekte, financiranje iz EU fondova, iz javnih sredstava i privatnih investicija te uz suradnju s lokalnom zajednicom, streljaštvo može postati ključna značajka turističke ponude Slatine. Promocijske strategije usmjerene na digitalni marketing, suradnju s turističkim agencijama i sudjelovanje na sajmovima turizma i sporta bit će ključne za privlačenje posjetitelja. Taj pristup može značajno doprinijeti gospodarskom razvoju i poboljšanju kvalitete života u regiji.Sports recreation, specifically sports recreational shooting, is a specialized area of physical activity characterized by a specific program structure tailored to the needs and interests of users of all ages, different levels of ability, and health conditions. This study explores the possibilities for developing sports recreational shooting as a means to enhance tourism in the city of Slatina and its surroundings. The city of Slatina, with its natural and cultural resources, offers significant potential for integrating shooting into its tourist offerings. The existing resources and infrastructure, including the Papuk forests, Javorica and Slanac lakes, and rural areas along the Drava River, were analyzed. The needs for the modernization of existing shooting ranges and the construction of new facilities, as well as accompanying amenities such as hospitality establishments and accommodation capacities, were identified. Through potential development projects, funding from EU funds, public resources, and private investments, and collaboration with the local community, shooting can become a key component of Slatina's tourism offerings. Promotional strategies focused on digital marketing, collaboration with travel agencies, and participation in tourism and sports fairs will be crucial for attracting visitors. This approach can significantly contribute to economic development and improve the quality of life in the region
Effects of ballistic training on sprint and jump performance
No full textCilj: balistički trening jedan je od tipova treninga s opterećenjem koji za cilj ima unaprjeđenje brzinsko-eksplozivnih svojstava, međutim, nedostaje odgovor na pitanje koji od tri najčešća rekvizita, šipka (zlatni standard), bučica i rusko zvono, će imati najveći utjecaj na izvedbu skoka, sprinta te jakost i snagu. Primarni cilj istraživanja bila je analiza učinka različitih balističkih treninga s otporom na izvedbu skoka i sprinta. Sekundarni cilj istraživanja bila je analiza učinka različitih balističkih treninga s otporom na jakost i snagu.
Metode: u istraživanju je sudjelovalo 36 zdravih ispitanika muškog spola. Kriteriji za sudjelovanje u istraživanju su: (a) minimalno iskustvo u treningu s opterećenjem u trajanju od 6 mjeseci (b) uspješno savladane tehnike izvedbi vježbi sukladno rekvizitu s kojim provode trening. Isključujući kriteriji za odabir ispitanika: (a) akutne i kronične ozljede lokomotornog sustava (b) prisustvovanje na manje od 80% treninga. Prije početka testiranja i provedbe trenažnog procesa ispitanici su tjedan dana ranije imali jednom dnevno trening učenja tehnike (45 minuta) u trajanju od 5 dana (ponedjeljak-petak) učenje tehnike izvedbe trzaja, nabačaj-izbačaj te čučanj-potisak s rekvizitom koji im je dodijeljen u istraživanju. Inicijalno testiranje provelo se kroz 4 dana gdje su se prvi dan prikupili podaci o morfološkim karakteristikama te testirala izvedba sprinta i skoka. Sljedeći dan testirala se jakost kroz 3 vježbe (čučanj, potisak s ravne klupe i mrtvo dizanje) nakon čega slijedi dan odmora i utvrđivanje 1 RM u vježbama trzaj, nabačaj, izbačaj i čučanj-potisak. Finalno testiranje provelo se 5 dana nakon završenog programa kako bi se izbjegli akutni učinci zadnjeg treninga po istom postupku kao inicijalno testiranje. Eksperimentalne grupe provele su osmotjedni balistički trening s otporom tri puta tjedno (ponedjeljak, srijeda i petak). Vježbe koje su se koristile u trenažnom procesu su: trzaj, nabačaj, izbačaj i čučanj-potisak.
Rezultati: analizom varijance za ponovljena mjerenja visine skoka utvrđeno je kako izbor rekvizita statistički značajno ne utječe na vrijednost SJ-as (p > 0,05). Analiza varijance utvrdila je da izbor rekvizita statistički značajno ne utječe na vrijednost CMJ-as (p > 0,05). Statistički značajna razlika ostvarena je u varijabli SMAX-as (p = 0,00). Kod mjerenja sile prilikom odraza nije ostvarena statistički značajna razlika između grupa ispitanika koji su provodili trening različitim rekvizitima u varijablama SJs-as, CMJs-as i SMAXs-as (p > 0,05). U promatranoj brzini izvedbe potvrđeno je analizom varijance da izbor rekvizita statistički značajno ne utječe na vrijednost varijabli SJv-as i CMJv-as (p > 0,05). Statistički značajna razlika između grupa ispitanika koji su provodili trening različitim rekvizitima potvrđena je
analizom varijance u varijabli SMAXv-as (p = 0,01). Analiza varijance utvrdila je da izbor rekvizita statistički značajno ne utječe na vrijednost varijable SDM-as (p > 0,05). Rezultati potvrđuju kako izbor rekvizita statistički značajno utječe na varijable ubrzanja, 5M-as, 10M-as i 20M-as (p 0,05). Analizom varijance testova jakosti potvrđeno je da izbor rekvizita statistički značajno utječe na vrijednost varijable BP (p < 0,05) gdje grupa koja je provodila trening sa šipkom ostvaruje statistički značajno poboljšanje rezultata u odnosu na druge dvije grupe, međutim Tukey Post-Hoc pokazuje statistički značajne razlike inicijalnog i finalnog testiranja kod grupe BB u sve tri varijable (SC, BP i MD), dok kod grupa DB i KB statistički značajna razlika pronađena je samo u varijabli SC (p < 0,05).
Zaključak: ovo istraživanje potvrdilo je razlike između korištenih rekvizita prilikom provedbe balističkog treninga s otporom. Zaključno, balistički trening koji obuhvaća tehnike olimpijskog dizanja sa različitim rekvizitima ostvaruje različite adaptacije na ljudski organizam u sposobnostima sprinta, skoka te jakosti i snage. Biomehaničke različitosti pojedinog rekvizita proizvode drugačiji trenažni podražaj koji rezultira različitim trenažnim adaptacijama. Ovi nalazi mogu biti od koristi i u praktičnoj primjeni ovisno o cilju transformacijskog procesa. Primjerice ukoliko želimo razvijati sposobnost ubrzanja kroz balistički tip treninga rekviziti koji će polučiti bolje rezultate su bučica ili rusko zvono, dok ukoliko želimo unaprijediti jakost bolji izbor je rad sa šipkom.Goal: Ballistic training is a type of resistance training aimed at improving speed-strength properties. However, it remains unclear which of the three most common equipment types—barbell (gold standard), dumbbell, or kettlebell—has the greatest impact on jump, sprint, strength, and power performance. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different ballistic resistance training on jump and sprint performance. The secondary aim was to analyze the effect on strength and power.
Methods: The study involved 36 healthy male participants. Inclusion criteria were (a) a minimum of 6 months of resistance training experience and (b) proficiency in exercise techniques specific to the equipment used in the training. Exclusion criteria were (a) acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries and (b) attending less than 80% of training sessions. Before testing and training, participants underwent a week-long technique training session (45 minutes daily, Monday to Friday) to learn snatch, clean and jerk, and push press techniques with the assigned equipment. Initial testing was conducted over 4 days: the first day for collecting morphological characteristics and testing sprint and jump performance, the second day for strength testing through three exercises (squat, bench press, and deadlift), followed by a rest day and 1RM determination for snatch, clean and jerk, and push press. Final testing was conducted 5 days after the program ended to avoid acute effects, following the same procedure as the initial testing. Experimental groups underwent an eight-week ballistic resistance training program three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) using snatch, clean and jerk, and push press exercises.
Results: Analysis of variance for repeated measures on jump height revealed that the choice of equipment did not significantly affect SJ-as values (p > 0,05). The analysis also confirmed no significant effect on CMJ-as values (p > 0,05). A significant difference was found in the SMAX-as variable (p = 0,00). For jump force measurement, no significant difference was found between equipment in SJs-as, CMJs-as, and SMAXs-as variables (p > 0,05). For jump speed, analysis of variance showed no significant effect of equipment choice on SJv-as and CMJv-as variables (p > 0,05), but a significant difference was found in SMAXv-as (p = 0.01). The analysis confirmed no significant effect of equipment on the SDM-as variable (p > 0,05).
Results showed that equipment choice significantly affected acceleration variables 5M-as, 10M-as, and 20M-as (p 0,05). Strength test analysis showed that equipment choice significantly affected the BP variable (p < 0,05), with the barbell group showing significant improvements over the other two groups. Tukey Post-Hoc analysis revealed significant differences between initial and final tests in all three strength variables (SC, BP, and MD) for the barbell group, while significant differences were found only in the SC variable for the dumbbell and kettlebell groups (p < 0,05).
Conclusion: This study confirmed differences between equipment types in ballistic resistance training. Conclusively, ballistic training involving Olympic lifting techniques with different equipment results in different adaptations in sprint, jump, strength, and power abilities. Biomechanical differences of each equipment type produce different training stimuli, resulting in varied training adaptations. These findings can be practically applied depending on the transformation process goal. For example, if the goal is to improve acceleration through ballistic training, dumbbells or kettlebells are more effective, whereas for strength improvement, barbells are a better choice
Comparison of efficiency of the kinesiology program body technique and pelvic floor muscle strenghtening exercises in women with stress urinary incontinence
No full textCilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinkovitost dva kineziološka programa vježbanja na dobivena stanja ginekoloških nalaza, funkcionalnih testova, kvalitete života i subjektivne vitalnosti prije i nakon programa kod žena s urinarnom inkontinencijom (UI). Pretpostavke su bile kako će oba programa polučiti pozitivne učinke na ginekološke nalaze, funkcionalnost testova, kvalitetu života i vitalnosti, ali će novi kineziološki pristup Body tehnike imati značajnije učinke na promatrane parametre u odnosu na konzervativni pristup treninga jačanja zdjeličnog dna (PFMT).
Metode istraživanja: U ovom randomiziranom, kontroliranom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 46 ispitanica ženskog spola prosječne dobi 51±7 godina, koje su prije provođenja istraživanja bile podvrgnute ginekološkom nalazu i patile su od UI. Od 46 ispitanica, slučajnim odabirom je njih 23 sudjelovalo u eksperimentalnom programu Body tehnike, dok je preostalih 23 sudjelovalo u programu konzervativnog pristupa PFMT-a u trajanju od 8 tjedana. Uključujući kriteriji su bili dob između 35 i 65 godina, pozitivan test na UI, rezultati upitnika o UI-u kod inicijalnog pregleda 6 ili više, trajanje simptoma duže od 6 mjeseci, najmanje 12 mjeseci od vaginalnog poroda, normalna tjelesna težina, dok su isključujući kriteriji bili prethodna kirurška korekcija UI-a, trudnoća, urodinamski verificirani prekomjerno aktivni detruzor, stupanj genitalnog prolapsa > 2, neurološke bolesti i kronična terapija lijekovima koji izravno utječu na mehanizme kontinencije. Za utvrđivanje ginekološkog nalaza koristili su se sljedeći parametri: perineometar, upitnik za smanjenje simptoma inkontinencije ICIQ-UI SF, PAD test te dnevnik mokrenja. Antropometrijska mjerenja su uključivala mjerenje bikristalnog raspona zdjelice, mjerenje promjene opsega prsnog koša na mamilarnoj razini, mjerenje promjene opsega na razini 10. rebra te mišićni test samoprocjene svjesnosti aktivacije mišića zdjelice (TAMZ). Na kraju, kvaliteta života i vitalnost su izmjereni upitnicima ICIQ-LUTSqol i SVS. Za utvrđivanje učinkovitosti oba programa se koristila analiza varijance za ponovljena mjerenja.
Rezultati istraživanja: Oba programa, Body tehnika i PFMT, pokazala su statistički značajne vremenske utjecaje i pozitivne promjene na parametre ginekološkog statusa i antropometrijskih mjera te kvalitete života. Naime, uvidjelo se sljedeće: značajno povećanje snage zdjeličnog dna mjerene perineometrom (F1,44 = 23.064, p < 0.001) te smanjenje stupnja samoprocjene inkontinecije (F1,44 = 27.515, p < 0.001), vrijednosti mase predloška u PAD testu (F1,44 = 8.362, p = 0.006) i manji broj epizoda mokrenja (F1,44 = 17.749, p < 0.001) u parametrima
ginekološkog nalaza, značajno povećanje mjera bikristalnog raspona zdjelice (F1,44 = 133.263; p < 0.001), promjena opsega prsnog koša na mamilarnoj razini (F1,44 = 33.939; p < 0.001), promjena opsega na razini 10. rebra (F1,44 = 15.248; p < 0.001) te mišićnog testa TAMZ (F1,44 = 40.815; p < 0.001), kao i značajno poboljšanje kvalitete života (F1,44 = 35.368; p < 0.001), dok se vrijednosti u području vitalnosti nisu značajno promijenile kod obje grupe (F1,44 = 0.436; p = 0.512). Interakcija vremena i grupe je pokazala kako je eksperimentalna grupa Body tehnike imala značajnije pozitivne i veće učinke na mjere bikristalnog raspona zdjelice (F1,44 = 66.341; p < 0.001) i procjene mišićne svjesnosti TAMZ (F1,44 = 26.544; p < 0.001) u usporedbi s PFMT grupom, dok se u ostalim varijablama pokazala tendencija boljih rezultata bez statistički značajnih interakcija. Ispitanice u grupi Body tehnike su postigle širenje od 2 mm bikristalnog raspona zdjelice pri udisaju, dok su ispitanice u kontrolnoj skupini postigle širenje za 1 mm. Kod TAMZ testa, grupa Body tehnike je poboljšala ocjenu samoprocjene s 0.70 na 2.52 boda, dok je PFMT skupina poboljšala samoprocjenu s 1.20 na 1.39 bodova, od maksimalna 3 ponuđena na skali.
Zaključak istraživanja: Novi kineziološki pristup Body tehnike pokazuje značajno bolje učinke na određene parametre antropometrijskog statusa, poput mjera bikristalnog raspona zdjelice i procjene mišićne svjesnosti TAMZ, s obzirom na PFMT grupu. Iako su vrijednosti promjena u ginekološkim parametrima perineometra, simptoma inkontinencije, PAD testa te dnevnika mokrenja, antropometrijskih mjera promjena opsega prsnog koša na mamilarnoj razini i opsega na razini 10. rebra, kao i kvalitete života i vitalnosti pokazale tendenciju prema boljim rezultatima u programu Body tehnike, nisu bile značajno bolje od PFMT programa. S obzirom na to, može se zaključiti kako novi sustav Body tehnike polučuje nešto bolje učinke nasuprot konzervativnog pristupa PFMT te se može koristiti u preventivne i rehabilitacijske svrhe kod žena koje pate od UI-a.Research goal: The main goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two kinesiological exercise programs on the obtained conditions of gynecological findings, functional tests, quality of life and subjective vitality before and after interventions in women with urinary incontinence (UI). With regard to the main goal, the assumptions were that both programs had equal positive effects on gynecological findings, test functionality, quality of life and vitality, and the new kinesiological approach of the Body technique had more significant effects on the observed parameters, considering the conservative approach to pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT).
Research methods: Forty-six female respondents with an average age of 51±7 years participated in this randomized, controlled study, who had undergone a gynecological examination before the study and suffered from UI. Out of 46 subjects, 23 of them were randomly selected to enter the experimental program of Body techniques, while the remaining 23 entered the program of conservative approach of PFMT for 8 weeks. The inclusion criteria were: age between 35-65 years, duration of symptoms more than 6 months, positive test for UI, minimum 12 months since vaginal delivery, normal body weight, and patients who at the initial examination had UI questionnaire results of 6 or more, while exclusion criteria were previous surgical correction of UI, pregnancy, urodynamically verified overactive detrusor, degree of genital prolapse >2, neurological diseases and chronic therapy with drugs that directly affect continence mechanisms. To determine the gynecological findings, the following parameters were used: perineometer, ICIQ-UI SF incontinence symptom reduction questionnaire, PAD test, and urination diary. Anthropometric measurements included measurement of bicrystalline pelvic span, measures of changes in chest circumference at the mammillary level, measures of changes in circumference at the level of the 10th rib, and a muscle self-assessment test of awareness of pelvic muscle activation (TAMZ). Finally, quality of life and vitality were measured with the ICIQ-LUTSqol and SVS questionnaires. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements was used to determine the effectiveness of both programs.
Research results: Both Body technique and PFMT programs showed statistically significant temporal effects and positive changes on parameters of gynecological status and anthropometric measures, as well as quality of life. Namely, there was a significant increase in the strength of the pelvic floor measured with a perineometer (F1,44 = 23.064, p < 0.001), and a decrease in the
degree of self-assessment of incontinence (F1,44 = 27.515, p < 0.001), the value of the mass of the template in the PAD test (F1,44 = 8.362, p = 0.006) and a lower number of urination episodes (F1,44 = 17.749, p < 0.001) in the parameters of gynecological findings, significant increases in measures of bicrystalline pelvic range (F1,44 = 133.263; p < 0.001), measures of changes in chest circumference bone at the mammillary level (F1,44 = 33.939; p < 0.001), measure of changes in circumference at the level of the 10th rib (F1,44 = 15,248; p < 0.001), and the TAMZ muscle test (F1,44 = 40.815; p < 0.001) ), and a significant improvement in the quality of life (F1,44 = 35.368; p < 0.001), while values in the field of vitality did not change significantly in both groups (F1,44 = 0.436; p = 0.512). The interaction of time and group showed that the experimental group of the Body technique had significant positive and greater effects on the measurements of the bicrystalline range of the pelvis (F1,44 = 66.341; p < 0.001) and the TAMZ muscle awareness assessment (F1,44 = 26.544; p < 0.001), with regard to the PFMT group, while in other variables it showed a tendency for better results without statistically significant interactions. Subjects in the Body technique group achieved an expansion of 2 mm in the bicrystalline range of the pelvis during inhalation, while subjects in the control group achieved an expansion of 1 mm. In the TAMZ test, the Body technique group improved their self-assessment from 0.70 to 2.52 points, while the PFMT group improved their self-assessment from 1.20 to 1.39 points out of the maximum 3 offered on the scale.
Research conclusion: The new kinesiology approach of the Body technique shows significantly better effects on certain parameters of anthropometric status, such as the measurement of the bicristal range of the pelvis and the assessment of muscle awareness TAMZ, with regard to the PFMT group. Although the values of changes in the gynecological parameters of the perineometer, incontinence symptoms, PAD test, and urination diary, anthropometric measures of changes in chest circumference at the mammillary level and circumference at the level of the 10th rib, as well as quality of life and vitality showed a tendency towards better results in the program of Body technique, they were not significantly better than the PFMT program. With this in mind, it can be concluded that the new Body technique system shows slightly better effects against the conservative PFMT approach, and it can be used for preventive and rehabilitation purposes in women suffering from UI
TRAINING INTERVENTIONS IN ANKLE INJURY PREVENTION IN FOOTBALL
No full textNogomet je jedan od najpopularnijih i najrasprostranjenijih sportova na svijetu, poznat po svojoj dinamičnosti, brzini i taktičkoj složenosti. On zahtijeva širok spektar tehničko taktičkih vještina kod igrača, kao i spektar fizičke pripremljenosti igrača. Tijekom nogometne igre kroz trenažni proces i kroz same utakmice dolazi do raznih kontakta igrača sa suparničkim igračem, prekomjernog opterećenja, loše tehnike. Sve to su to mogući razlozi ozljede gležnja u nogometu. Ozljede gležnja predstavljaju značajan problem u nogometu, često dovodeći do dugotrajnih izostanaka igrača s terena i smanjenja njihove sportske izvedbe. Ovaj rad istražuje ulogu trenažnih operatora u prevenciji ozljeda gležnja među nogometašima. Kroz analizu relevantne literature, istražujemo različite vrste trenažnih operatora, njihovu primjenu u nogometu te dokaze o njihovoj učinkovitosti u smanjenju rizika od ozljeda gležnja. Nadalje, istražujemo biomehaničke principe koji leže u osnovi prevencije ozljeda gležnja i kako trenažni operatori mogu ojačati stabilnost i fleksibilnost gležnja. Kroz pregled dostupnih studija i empirijskih istraživanja, analiziramo najučinkovitije strategije korištenja trenažnih operatora u programima prevencije ozljeda među nogometašima. Konačno, raspravljamo o praktičnim smjernicama za trenera i sportske stručnjake u implementaciji trenažnih operatora u treninge nogometaša s ciljem smanjenja incidencije ozljeda gležnja i poboljšanja sportske izvedbe.Football is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world, known for its dynamism, speed, and tactical complexity. It demands a wide range of technical and tactical skills from players, as well as various levels of physical fitness. Throughout the game of football, both in training sessions and actual matches, players encounter different forms of contact with opponents, varying intensities during performance, excessive loads, and poor techniques. All of these factors contribute to the potential for ankle injuries in football. Ankle injuries represent a significant issue in football, often leading to prolonged absences from the field and decreased athletic performance.
This study explores the role of training interventions in preventing ankle injuries among footballers. Through an analysis of relevant literature, we investigate different types of training interventions, their application in football, and evidence of their effectiveness in reducing the risk of ankle injuries. Furthermore, we explore the biomechanical principles underlying ankle injury prevention and how training interventions can enhance ankle stability and flexibility. By reviewing available studies and empirical research, we analyze the most effective strategies for implementing training interventions in injury prevention programs for footballers. Finally, we discuss practical guidelines for coaches and sports professionals in integrating training interventions into football training sessions with the aim of reducing the incidence of ankle injuries and improving athletic performance
Comparison of alpine skiing with water skiing
No full textRad se bavi teorijskom analizom dvaju sportova, alpskog skijanja i skijanja na vodi, i to koristeći se metodom usporedbe. Usporedba alpskog skijanja i skijanja na vodi temelji se na analizi podataka vezanih uz povijest navedenih sportova, opremu potrebu za izvedbu, same uvjete izvođenja, metodiku i tehnike, karakteristične ozljede te raznolikost sportskih disciplina. Radom je želja prikazati složenu međuovisnost izvedbe, odnosno prakticiranja te potrebnih uvjeta iz čega konačno proizlaze sličnosti i razlike alpskog skijanja i skijanja na vodi.The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of two sports, alpine skiing and water skiing, using the comparison method. The comparison of alpine skiing and water skiing is based on the analysis of data related to the history of the mentioned sports, the equipment needed for performance, the performance conditions themselves, methodology and techniques, characteristic injuries and the variety of sports disciplines. The work aims to show the complex interdependence of performance, i. e. practicing and necessary conditions, from which the similarities and differences between alpine skiing and water skiing finally emerge
DIFFERENCES IN COACHES LEADERSHIP STYLES IN ATHLETES WITHOUT AND WITH DISABILITIES
No full textCilj rada je bio proučiti razlike u stilovima vođenja trenera kod sportaša bez i s invaliditetom. Za provjeru hipoteze u kojoj ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između stila vođenja trenera kod sportaša bez invaliditeta i trenera sportaša s invaliditetom provedeno je istraživanje na populaciji (N=34) trenera, 17 muškaraca i 17 žena, različite dobi, različitog obrazovanja i radnog iskustva 11,56 ± 7,809 godina. Provedena su tri upitnika: Likertov anketni upitnik o dominantnom stilu vođenja, Upitnik za samoprocjenu vodstva i Upitnik rukovođenja u sportu (LSS - Leadership Scale for Sport). Programom Statistica 14.0. dobiveni su pojedini deskriptivni pokazatelji, a razlike između dvije grupe trenera provjerene su t-testom za nezavisne uzorke u sva tri upitnika. Razina statističke značajnosti postavljena je na p < 0,05. Analizom Likertovog anketnog upitnika o dominantnom stilu vođenja dobiveni su rezultati koji pripadaju timskom upravljanju u obje grupe. Ispitanici Upitnika za samoprocjenu vodstva najviše odgovaraju konzultativnom stilu vođenja, dok rezultati u Upitniku rukovođenja u sportu naglašavaju pozitivne povratne informacije, treniranje i instrukcije u obje grupe. T-test za nezavisne uzorke proveden je kroz sva tri upitnika koji je u svima pokazao vrijednosti istog značenja: nema statističke značajne razlike u stilovima vođenja kod trenera sportaša s invaliditetom i trenera sportaša bez invaliditeta.The aim of this study was to examine the differences in coaching leadership styles between athletes with and without disabilities. To test the hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference between the coaching leadership styles of trainers for athletes without disabilities and trainers for athletes with disabilities, a study was conducted on a population (N=34) of trainers, comprising 17 men and 17 women of various ages, educational backgrounds, and work experience averaging 11.56 ± 7.809 years. Three questionnaires were administered: the Likert Survey Questionnaire on Dominant Leadership Style, the Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire, and the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS). Using the Statistica 14.0 program, certain descriptive indicators were obtained, and the differences between the two groups of trainers were tested using the t-test for independent samples across all three questionnaires. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Analysis of the Likert Survey Questionnaire on Dominant Leadership Style yielded results indicating team management in both groups. Respondents of the Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire corresponded predominantly to a consultative leadership style, while results from the Leadership Scale for Sport emphasized positive feedback, training, and instruction in both groups. The t-test for independent samples, conducted across all three questionnaires, consistently showed values indicating the same conclusion: there is no statistically significant difference in leadership styles between trainers of athletes with disabilities and trainers of athletes without disabilities
EXERCICE IN OLDER WOMEN WHAT KEEPS THEM ACTIVE
No full textStarenjem dolazi do opadanja fizioloških funkcija i organskih sustava. Tjelesna aktivnost pomaže čovjeku u unaprjeđenju te očuvanju zdravlja. Kako bi motivirali ljude na tjelesnu aktivnost te im time pomogli u očuvanju i unaprjeđenju zdravlja nužno je znati zbog kojeg motiva su aktivni. Osnovni cilj ovoga istraživanja je proučiti motive vježbanja žena u dobi od 60 do 75 godina radi lakšeg razumijevanja onoga što njih pokreće na aktivnosti te što ih dulje drži aktivnima, kako bismo mogli preporučiti kvalitetne programe tjelesnoga vježbanja. Istraživanje je provedeno na 50 žena koje su uključene u program vježbanja tijekom 3 mjeseca. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako je glavni razlog vježbanja žena u dobi od 60 do 75 godina zdravlje.Aging leads to a decline in physiological functions and organic systems. Physical activity helps in improving and preserving health. To motivate people to engage in physical activity and thereby assist them in maintaining and enhancing their health, it is necessary to know the motives behind their activity. The main objective of this research is to examine the exercise motives of women aged 60 to 75 years to better understand what drives them to be active and what keeps them active for longer periods, so that we can recommend quality exercise programs. The study was conducted on 50 women who participated in an exercise program for 3 months. The results show that the primary reason for exercise among women aged 60 to 75 years is health
ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY AND COORDINATION TESTING BETWEEN CADET AND SENIOR FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
No full textCilj ovoga rada je analizirati razlike u testovima reaktibilnosti i koordinacije između grupe odbojkašica mlađekadetskog uzrasta i grupe odbojkašica seniorskog uzrasta. S obzirom da je poznata činjenica da između takve dvije grupe postoji razlika u razini jakosti i snage, pitanje na temelju kojega je osmišljeno ovo istraživanje je postoji li takva razlika i u brzini reakcije i koordinaciji. Sudjelovalo je 20 odbojkašica od kojih je 10 mlađe kadetskog uzrasta prosječne dobi 14,0 ± 0,67 godina i 10 seniorskog uzrasta prosječne dobi 21,0 ± 2,75 godinu. Provodila su se 4 testa pomoću Sportreact sustava kojima je cilj bio procjena reaktibilnosti i koordinacije. Između grupa nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u rezultatima testova.The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in reactivity and coordination testing results between a group of female volleyball players in the cadet category and a group of senior players. In view of the well-known fact that there are differences between such groups in their levels of strength and power, the question on which this research was based was whether there is any difference between their speed of reaction and coordination. Twenty female volleyball players took part, of which ten were cadets, with an average age of 14.0 ± 0.67 years, and ten were senior players with an average age of 21.0 ± 2.75 years. They underwent four tests using the Sportreact system, aimed at assessing reactivity and coordination. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the test results
MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY
No full textHipertrofija mišića je kompleksan fiziološki proces koji igra kljuĉnu ulogu u razvoju mišićne mase i povećanju repetitivne jakosti. Ovaj rad istražuje faktore, mehanizme i praktiĉne primjene hipertrofije, s posebnim naglaskom na trening, prehranu i oporavak. S obzirom na znaĉajnu ulogu mišićne hipertrofije u sportskim performansama, rehabilitaciji i zdravlju, razumijevanje ovog procesa kljuĉno je za sportaše, trenere, rekreativce i zdravstvene struĉnjake.
Ovaj pregledni rad temelji se na sustavnom pregledu literature, a baza podataka bila je Pubmed. Ukljuĉeni su radovi objavljeni u zadnjih 7 godina, a od ukupno 704 prikupljena rada pretraživanjem pojma „skeletal muscle hypertrophy“, odabran je 31 relevantan. Kriteriji odabira bili su meta-analize, randomizirani kontrolirani pokusi, pregledni radovi i sistematski pregledi koji su prouĉavali promjene u mišićnoj ili nemasnoj masi ili faktorima mišićnog oštećenja kod netreniranih i treniranih pojedinaca neovisno o spolu i dobi. Ovi faktori ukljuĉuju vrste treninga, intenzitet, volumen, prehranu i genetske predispozicije. Analizirani su i rezultati relevantnih istraživanja koja su se bavila ovim aspektima. Rezultati ovog pregleda literature pokazali su kako veći volumen treninga uz odabir vježbi koje se provode u punoj amplitudi pokreta kroz izduženi položaj mišića daje najbolje rezultate po pitanju povećanja mišićne mase. Uz to, kalorijski suficit, dovoljan unos proteina i kvalitetan oporavak, dodatno pomažu u ubrzati proces mišićne hipertrofije. S obzirom na složenost hipertrofije mišića, daljnja istraživanja su potrebna kako bi se bolje razumjeli mehanizmi i faktori koji utjeĉu na ovaj proces. Razmatranje individualnih razlika i pristup prilagoĊen svakom pojedincu ĉesto je kljuĉ za postizanje najboljih rezultata kada je u pitanju hipertrofija mišića.Muscle hypertrophy is a complex physiological process that plays a vital role in muscle mass development and increasing repetitive strength. This paper explores the factors, mechanisms, and practical applications of hypertrophy, with a particular emphasis on training, nutrition and recovery. Given the significant role of muscle hypertrophy in sports performance, rehabilitation, and overall health, understanding this process is crucial for athletes, coaches, recreational enthusiasts, and healthcare professionals.
This review paper is based on a systematic review of the literature, and the database has been published. Papers published in the last 7 years were included, and from a total of 704 papers collected by searching the term "skeletal muscle hypertrophy", 31 relevant ones were selected. Selection criteria were meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, review papers and systematic reviews that studied changes in muscle or lean mass or factors of muscle damage in untrained and trained individuals regardless of gender and age. These factors include training types, intensity, volume, nutrition and genetic predispositions. The results of relevant research that dealt with these aspects were also analyzed. The results of this literature review showed that a larger volume of training with a choice of exercises that are performed in the full range of motion through an elongated muscle position gives the best results in terms of increasing muscle mass. In addition, caloric surplus, sufficient protein intake and quality recovery additionally help to speed up the process of muscle hypertrophy. Given the complexity of muscle hypertrophy, further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms and factors influencing this process. Considering individual differences and an individualized approach may be the key to achieving optimal results in muscle hypertrophy
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ELEMENTS FROM THE ROTATION GROUP IN ACROBATIC ROCK AND ROLL
No full textAkrobatski rock and roll je sportski, natjecateljski oblik plesa, iznimno zahtjevan kako fizički tako i psihički. „Kickovi“, plesne figure i akrobacije su najznačajniji elementi ovoga sporta. Današnji rock 'n' roll teži što atraktivnijim elementima, bilo da se radi o plesnim figurama ili akrobacijama. Može se izvoditi u paru ili formaciji.
Ovim diplomskim radom pobliže će biti opisani elementi iz grupe rotacija. U početnom dijelu ovoga rada prikazan je povijesni razvoj i značajke akrobatskog rock and rolla te podjela plesnih parova unutar sporta prema kategorijama. Također, pobliže su opisana pravila i akrobacije unutar dvije seniorske kategorije, koje su prema rangu ujedno i završne dvije kategorije parova s najizazovnijim akrobacijama.
Najveća pozornost unutar ovog rada posvećena je elementima iz grupe rotacije, odnosno opisu pravilne izvedbe samih elemenata i postupku njihova poučavanja. Unutar metodskog postupka za poučavanje rotacija prikazane su i glavne pogreške prilikom izvođenja akrobacija i trenerska asistencija za vrijeme poučavanja.Acrobatic rock and roll is a sporty, competitive form of dance, extremly demanding both phisically and mentally. „Kicks“, dancing figures and acrobatics are the most important elements of this sport. Modern-day rock 'n' roll tends to have more attractive dance figures and acrobatic elements. It can be performed in pairs or in formations.
This diploma thesis will describe in more detail the elements from the group of rotations. In the initial part, the historical development and significance of acrobatic rock and roll and the division of dance couples within the sport according to categories are presented. Also, the rules and acrobatics within the two senior categories, which according to rank are also the final two categories of couples with the most challenging acrobatics, are described in more detail.
The greatest attention in this work is devoted to the elements from the rotation group and to the description of the correct performance of the elements themselves and the procedure of their teaching. Within the methodological procedure for teaching rotations, the main mistakes when performing acrobatics and coaching assistance during teaching are shown