Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
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DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF EXPLOSIVE POWER OF SOCCER GOALKEEPERS
No full textNogomet se kao kompleksna polistrukturalna aktivnost sastoji od mnogo pokreta i kinezioloških sadržaja, a za izvođenje najvažnijih jednu od ključnih uloga ima eksplozivna snaga. Kao što je prikazano u jednadžbi specifikacije uspjeha u nogometu, brzina i eksplozivnost kod vratara imaju najveću ulogu u postizanju uspjeha. Iako se u moderno vrijeme uloga vratara značajno promijenila i oni sve više sudjeluju kao aktivni 11. igrači i izvode veliki broj akcija u igri nogom za što je također potrebna optimalna razina eksplozivne snage, ona se i dalje najviše ispoljava u vratarskim intervencijama na golu kao što su branjenje udaraca i prostora raznim vrstama odraza s hvatanjem ili odbijanjem lopte, te boksanjem lopti. U ovom radu će se pojasniti osnove biomehanike vratarskog bacanja u branjenju gola i kako u skladu s tim razvijati eksplozivnu snagu na specifičan način. To ćemo postići metodama balističkog, pliometrijskog i kontrastnog treninga. Bitno je napomenuti da je za razvoj maksimalne razine eksplozivne snage potrebna i optimalna jakost cijeloga tijela.Soccer as a complex polystructural activity consists of many movements and kinesiology contents and for the performing the most important ones, explosive power has one of the key roles. As shown in the soccer success specification equation, speed and explosiveness of the goalkeepers play the biggest role in achieving success. Although the role of the goalkeepers in modern time significantly changed and they more and more participate in the game as an active 11th player and perform a large number of actions in the game with foot, which also requires optimal explosive power, it is still the most manifested in the goalkeepers actions on the goal such as defending the goal and space by various types of take-offs with catching or deflecting, and punching the ball. This paper will explain fundamental biomechanics of the goalkeeper diving while defending the goal and how accordingly to that develop explosive power in a specific way. We will achieve that with the methods of ballistic,plyometric and contrast training. It is important to note that for the development of the maximum level of explosive power, optimal strength of the whole body is required
The correlation between alpine skiing and school success
No full textOvo istraživanje analizira utjecaj treniranja alpskog skijanja na školski uspjeh kod djece. Uz to ispitano je i kakve su promjene raspoloženja kod djece nakon treninga, kako broj treninga i broj izostanaka iz škole utječe na školski uspjeh te koji je razlog treniranja skijanja. U istraživanju je korištena samoprocjena roditelja putem anketnog upitnika u obliku Google obrasca. Roditelji su ispunjavali anketni upitnik koji je vezan za njihovu djecu u dobi od 8 do 15 godina. Uz deskriptivnu statistiku, za obradu podataka korišten je i t-test za zavisne uzorke, neparametrijske metode Pearsonova Hi-kvadrata i Mann-Whitney U testa. Rezultati istraživanja prema t-testu su pokazali da treniranje skijanja nema statistički značajan utjecaj na promjenu školskog uspjeha (t=1,48; p=0,17; uz uvjet p<0,05). Međutim, prema Pearsonovom Hi-kvadrat testu dokazana je statistički značajna povezanost između treniranja skijanja i školskog uspjeha (x²=5,32; p=0,02; uz uvjet p<0,05). S obzirom na rezultate, glavna hipoteza ovog rada potvrđena je djelomično. Za buduća istraživanja preporučuje se provođenje istraživanja s većim uzorkom ispitanika te istraživanje s duljim razdobljem promatranja ispitanika. Također, buduća istraživanja trebala bi istražiti specifične mehanizme kroz koje skijanje utječe na školski uspjeh i emocionalno zdravlje djece, uključujući različite dobne skupine. Prepreka za generaliziranje činjenica je premali broj ispitanika koji iz objektivnih razloga nije veći.This study analyzes the impact of alpine skiing training on the academic success of children. Additionally, it examines the changes in children's mood after training, how the number of training sessions and school absences affect academic success, and the reasons for participating in skiing. The study utilized parental self-assessment via a questionnaire in the form of a Google form. Parents filled out the questionnaire related to their children aged 8 to 15. Besides descriptive statistics, a t-test for dependent samples, non-parametric Pearson's Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for data processing. According to the t-test results, skiing training does not have a statistically significant impact on the change in academic success (t=1.48; p=0.17; with a condition p<0.05). However, Pearson's Chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between skiing training and academic success (x²=5.32; p=0.02; with a condition p<0.05). Considering the results, the main hypothesis of this work is partially confirmed. For future research, it is recommended to conduct studies with a larger sample size and over a longer observation period. Additionally, future research should investigate the specific mechanisms through which skiing affects children's academic success and emotional health, including various age groups. A limitation for generalizing the findings is the small sample size, which, for objective reasons, could not be larger
FACTORS OF PREMATURE CESSATION OF ROWING
No full textCilj ovoga rada bio je objasniti najčešće čimbenike preranog prestanka bavljenja veslanjem. 73 bivša veslača i 18 bivših veslačica činilo je uzorak ispitanika. Za prikupljanje podataka o čimbenicima preranog prestanka bavljenja veslanjem korišten je upitnik na hrvatskom jeziku osmišljen u programu ''Google obrasci'' koji se sastojao od 30 pitanja. Analizirajući rezultate provedene ankete utvrđeno je da su ispitanici najčešće odustajali od veslanja u dobi od 15 – 20 godine (45,1%), a zatim od 20 – 25 godine (35,2%) što pokazuje da u rasponu od 15 – 25 godine od veslanja je odustalo 80,3% ispitanika. Zauzetost mladih ljudi školskim i akademskim obvezama su glavni čimbenici prestanka bavljenja veslanjem, koje navodi 23,1% ispitanika. Manjak slobodnog vremena također je jedan od glavnih razloga odustajanja od veslanja kod 15,4% ispitanika, dok je kompetentnost trenerskog kadra (kao i nedostatak motivacije) imala utjecaj na prestanak bavljenja veslanjem kod 11% ispitanika. Ostali najčešći čimbenici prestanka bavljenja veslanjem su poslovne obveze te kolege i odnosi u klubu (9,9%), zatim pojava ozljede ili bolesti (6,6%), nedovoljna financijska sredstva (4,4%) i obiteljske obveze (4,4%). Školske i akademske obveze zajedno sa aktivnim treniranjem veslanja oduzimaju puno vremena sportašu i uvelike otežavaju potpunu posvećenost i sportskim i obrazovnim obvezama. U jednom trenutku života mladi sportaši najčešće moraju donijeti veliku odluku, a to je nastaviti s treniranjem ili se posvetiti obrazovanju. Nažalost većina mladih sportaša, pa tako i veslača, završi svoju sportsku karijeru odlaskom na fakultet te se veslanjem nastavljaju baviti samo rekreativno. Obrazovne institucije bi svakako trebale omogućiti sportašima, u dogovoru sa profesorima, prilagođeni raspored koji bi dozvoljavao promjene prema sportskim obvezama. Također bi sportaše trebalo podržati i financijski, od strane klubova, saveza i sponzora, financirajući im odlaske na natjecanje te kupnju opreme. Pružanjem podrške veslačima omogućuje im se daljnje sudjelovanje u sportu te ostvarivanje ne samo sportskih već i drugih ciljeva.The aim of this work was to explain the most common factors of premature cessation of rowing. 73 former rowers and 18 former rowers made up the sample of respondents. To collect data on the factors of premature cessation of rowing, a questionnaire in the Croatian language designed in the "Google Forms" program was used, which consisted of 30 questions. Analyzing the results of the conducted survey, it was determined that the respondents most often gave up rowing at the age of 15-20 (45.1%), and then at the age of 20-25 (35.2%), which shows that in the range of 15-25 years 80.3% of respondents gave up rowing. Young people's busyness with school and academic obligations are the main factors for stopping rowing, cited by 23.1% of respondents. Lack of free time is also one of the main reasons for giving up rowing in 15.4% of respondents, while the competence of the coaching staff (as well as lack of motivation) had an impact on the cessation of rowing in 11% of respondents. Other most common reasons for stopping rowing are work commitments and colleagues and relationships in the club (9.9%), followed by injury or illness (6.6%), insufficient financial resources (4.4%) and family obligations (4.4 %). School and academic obligations together with active rowing training take up a lot of the athlete's time and make it very difficult to fully dedicate to both sports and educational obligations. At one point in their lives, young athletes usually have to make a big decision, which is to continue training or dedicate themselves to education. Unfortunately, most young athletes, including rowers, end their sports careers by going to college and continue rowing only recreationally. Educational institutions should definitely allow athletes, in agreement with professors, an adapted schedule that would allow changes according to sports obligations. Athletes should also be supported financially, by clubs, federations and sponsors, financing their trips to competitions and the purchase of equipment. Providing support to rowers enables them to further participate in sports and achieve not only sporting but also other goals
HOW TO RAISE INTEREST IN ROWING AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PRIMORSKO-GORANSKA COUNTY AND OVERCOME POTENTIAL BARRIERS
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se istraživanjem kako potaknuti interes za veslanje među osnovnoškolcima u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji te kako prevladati potencijalne barijere koje sprječavaju sudjelovanje djece u ovom sportu. Veslanje, kao sport nudi brojne zdravstvene i društvene benefite za djecu. Unatoč tome, popularnost veslanja među osnovnoškolcima u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji je niska. Cilj istraživanja bio je prepoznati interese i prepreke koji utječu na interes djece za veslanje. Korištena je metoda anketiranja među osnovnoškolcima u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji. Uzorak ispitanika uključivao je 103 djece, ravnomjerno raspoređenih po spolu i dobi od 9 do 15 godina. Rezultati su pokazali da djeca uglavnom nisu upoznata s veslanjem i njegovim prednostima. Glavne prepreke uključuju nedostatak informacija, percepciju veslanja kao zahtjevnog sporta i nedostatak podrške u školi. S druge strane, faktori koji bi mogli potaknuti interes uključuju bolju promociju veslanja, dostupnost opreme i blizinu veslačkih klubova. Zaključak istraživanja je da je potrebno provesti sustavnu kampanju informiranja i edukacije o veslanju, kao i osigurati bolje uvjete za treniranje kako bi se povećao interes među osnovnoškolcima. Također, preporučuje se uključivanje veslanja kao izvannastavne aktivnosti i organizacija veslačkih događanja koja bi mogla privući djecu i njihove roditelje.This thesis explores how to stimulate interest in rowing among elementary school students in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and how to overcome potential barriers that prevent children from participating in this sport. Rowing, as a sport, offers numerous health and social benefits for children. Despite this, the popularity of rowing among elementary school students in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County is low. The aim of the research was to identify the interests and obstacles that affect children's interest in rowing. A survey method was used among elementary school students in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The sample included 103 children, evenly distributed by gender and aged 9 to 15 years. The results showed that children are generally not familiar with rowing and its benefits. The main obstacles include a lack of information, the perception of rowing as a demanding sport, and a lack of support in school. On the other hand, factors that could stimulate interest include better promotion of rowing, availability of equipment, and proximity to rowing clubs. The conclusion of the research is that it is necessary to conduct a systematic campaign of information and education about rowing, as well as to ensure better conditions for training to increase interest among elementary school students. It is also recommended to include rowing as an extracurricular activity and to organize rowing events that could attract children and their parents
DEVELOPMENT OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FROM 2010
No full textRitmička gimnastika kao sportska disciplina prepoznatljiva je po kombinaciji složenih tehničkih elemenata, akrobatskih elemenata i upotrebi rekvizita sa izražajnim pokretima i koreografijom te interpretaciji glazbe kroz pokrete gimnastičarke. Estetska privlačnost i tehnička zahtjevnost ritmičke gimnastike čine je jednim od najatraktivnijih sportova za žene.
U posljednjih desetak godina došlo je do značajnog razvoja ritmičke gimnastike na području cijele Republike Hrvatske. Zahvaljujući sustavnom radu na popularizaciji ovog sporta svake se godine povećava broj djevojčica koje se njime počinju rekreativno baviti već u najranijoj dobi oko treće godine života, a u natjecateljski program prelaze oko šeste godine. U ovom su razdoblju osmišljeni novi programi i sustavi natjecanja kojima se postigla masovnost i obuhvaćen je velik broj djevojčica različitih uzrasta i razine programa. Natjecanja koja se održavaju na gradskom, regionalnom i državnom nivou doprinijela su podizanju natjecateljske kvalitete vježbačica i daljnjem razvoju ritmičke gimnastike u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Otvaranje novih klubova u regiji „Sjever“ i povećanje broja djevojčica koje se u najranijoj dobi uključuju u trenažni proces, te uvođenje novih natjecateljskih programa i povećanje broja natjecanja na svim nivoima, značajno doprinose podizanju natjecateljske kvalitete gimnastičarki koje na međunarodnom planu i velikim natjecanjima ostvaruju sve bolje rezultate.
Zaključno, razvoj ritmičke gimnastike u regiji „Sjever“ od 2010. godine do danas značajno je utjecao na razvoj ritmičke gimnastike kao sportske discipline u cijeloj Republici Hrvatskoj.As a sport discipline rhythmic gymnastics is recognizable by the combination of complex technical elements, acrobatic elements and the use of apparatus with expressive movements, choreography and interpretation of music through the movements of the gymnast. The aesthetic appeal and tehnical demands of rhythmic gymnastics make it one of the most atracttive sports for women.
In the last ten years, there has been a singificant development of rhythmic gymnastics throughout the Republic of Croatia. Thanks to systematic work on the popularization of this sport, the number of girls who starts training it recreationally at the earliest age, around the age of three, and who enter the competitive program around the age of six, increases every year. In this period, new programs and competition systems were designed, which helped to achived larger magnitude and inclusion of girls of different ages and program levels. Competitions held at the city, regional and national level have contributed to raising the competitive quality of gymnast and the further development of rhythmic gymnastics in the Republic of Croatia.
Opening of new clubs in the „northern“ region and the increase in the number of girls who are involved in the training process from an early age, as well as the introduction of new competition programs and the increase in the number of competitions at all levels, have significantly contributed in raising the competitive quality of gymnasts who now achieve better results in international and major competitions.
In conclusion, the development of rhythmic gymnastics in the „northern“ region from 2010 until today has significantly influenced the development of rhythmic gymnastics as a sports discipline in the entire Republic of Croatia
Snowboarding sports equipment
No full textDaskanje na snijegu, kao zimski olimpijski sport, je doživjelo veliki napredak u svim područjima od svojeg začetka, koristeći određene segmente skateboardinga, daskanja na valovima i skijanja. Svoj začetak je doživjelo šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, da bi svoj vrhunac popularnosti ostvarilo 1998. godine kada je daskanje na snijegu kao sport uvršten u program Olimpijskih igara u Naganu. Daskanje na snijegu se sastoji od nekoliko disciplina kao što su freestyle, brzinske discipline (alpine) i boardercross. Svaka od navedenih disciplina zahtijeva poznavanje različitih vrsta znanja i sposobnosti, pa tako i različite opreme. Povećanjem popularnosti daskanja na snijegu dolazi i do napretka u tehnologiji izrade neophodne i zaštitne opreme koja predstavlja važne elemente za daljnji razvoj ovog sporta. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prezentirati i objasniti neophodnu opremu za daskanje na snijegu kroz nekoliko osnovnih disciplina.Snowboarding, as a winter Olympic sport, has experienced great progress in all areas since its beginnings, using individual segments of skateboarding, surfing and skiing. It began in the sixties and seventies and reached its peak of popularity in 1998, when snowboarding was included as a sport in the program of the Olympic Games in Nagano. Snowboarding consists of several disciplines such as freestyle, speed disciplines (alpine) and boardercross. Each of the mentioned disciplines requires comprehension of different types of knowledge and abilities, as well as different equipment. With the increase in popularity of snowboarding, comes the advancement in the technology of manufacturing the necessary and protective equipment, which represents important elements for the further development of this sport. The aim of this thesis is to present and explain the necessary equipment for snowboarding through several basic disciplines
Overthinking
No full textU današnjem svijetu pretjerano razmišljanje (overthinking) postaje sve češći fenomen koji može značajno utjecati na kvalitetu života pojedinca. Ovaj rad će se fokusirati na analizu pretjeranog razmišljanja, s posebnim naglaskom na važnost njegovog prepoznavanja kao temeljnog koraka u rješavanju ove problematike. Temeljni aspekt rješavanja problema pretjeranog razmišljanja je njegovo prepoznavanje. Simptomi pretjeranog razmišljanja mogu varirati, ali često uključuju: stalno preispitivanje odluka, osjećaj tjeskobe, nesanicu te osjećaj paralize pri donošenju odluka. Prepoznavanje ovih simptoma ključno je za preuzimanje kontrole nad vlastitim mislima i emocijama. U radu su istraženi najčešći uzroci pretjeranog razmišljanja; nisko samopouzdanje, perfekcionizam, pretjerano generaliziranje. Osim u općoj populaciji, problematika pretjeranog razmišljanja se također može primijetiti u kontekstu sporta. Sportaši često doživljavaju pritisak da postignu visoke rezultate, što može dovesti do prekomjernog razmišljanja o njihovim sposobnostima. U ovom kontekstu, važno je istražiti kako se emocije kao što su strah, tjeskoba i stres mogu odraziti na sportske uspjehe. Za pojedince koji se bore s pretjeranim razmišljanjem, postoje različite tehnike samopomoći koje su ključne u poboljšanju kvalitete života. Tehnike poput mindfulnessa, meditacije, vođenja dnevnika ili vježbi disanja mogu pomoći u smanjenju anksioznosti i promicanju pozitivnog razmišljanja.In today's world, overthinking is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon that can significantly affect an individual's quality of life. This paper will focus on analyzing overthinking, with particular emphasis on the importance of recognizing it as a fundamental step in addressing this issue. A key aspect of tackling the problem of overthinking is its recognition. Symptoms of overthinking can vary, but often include: constant re-evaluation of decisions, feelings of anxiety, insomnia, and a sense of paralysis when making choices. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for taking control of one's thoughts and emotions. The paper explores the most common causes of overthinking, such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, and excessive generalization. In addition to the general population, the issue of overthinking can also be observed in the context of sports. Athletes often experience pressure to achieve high results, which can lead to excessive rumination about their abilities. In this context, it is important to explore how emotions such as fear, anxiety, and stress can impact athletic performance. For individuals struggling with overthinking, various self-help techniques are essential for improving quality of life. Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, journaling, or breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety and promote positive thinking
ACUTE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL ON RESISTANCE TRAINING PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE WOMEN
No full textCilj ovog randomiziranog, dvostruko slijepog, placebom kontroliranog istraživanja s ukriženim ustrojem bio je utvrditi akutne učinke paracetamola na izvedbu u treningu s otporom kod tjelesno aktivnih žena. Uzorak je činilo 17 aktivnih žena (dob 25,1 ± 2,7 godina, visine: 166,6 ± 4,9 cm, mase 64,2 ± 6,5 kilograma) koje su prvim dolaskom u laboratorij bile upoznate sa samim detaljima istraživanja i testiranjem jednog maksimalnog ponavljanja (1RM) u testu potisak s ravne klupe. Ispitanice su kroz preostala četiri dolaska u laboratorij dobile jedan od četiri moguća uvjeta testa, koji uključuju konzumaciju kofeina, paracetamola, kofeina + paracetamola te placeba. Nakon konzumacije uslijedilo je test ponavljanja testa potisak s ravne klupe do momentalnog mišićnog otkaza sa 75% 1RM. Rezultati ANOVA-e za ponavljana mjerenja bili su: za broj ponavljanja F=1,67, p=0,19; za prosječnu snagu F=1,66, p=0,19; za vršnu snagu F=1,04, p=0,39; za prosječnu brzinu F=1,60, p=0,20; za vršnu brzinu F=1,45, p=0,24. Prema navedenim rezultatima vidljivo je kako je u svim varijablama istraživanja p>0,05 što ukazuje da nema statistički značajne razlike niti u jednom od uvjeta istraživanja. Rezultati donekle iznenađuju i naglašavaju potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima s različitim dozama, populacijama i varijablama ispitivanja kako bi se jasnije razumjeli potencijalni učinci ovih eksperimentalnih uvjeta u kontekstu treninga s otporom. Zaključeno je da paracetamol u konzumaciji 1500 mg nema statistički značajnog učinka u varijablama broja ponavljanja, prosječne i vršne brzine te prosječne i vršne snage u treningu s otporom kod tjelesno aktivnih žena.The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to determine the acute effects of paracetamol on resistance training performance in physically active women. The sample consisted of 17 active women (age 25.1 ± 2.7 years, height: 166.6 ± 4.9 cm, weight: 64.2 ± 6.5 kilograms), who, during their first visit to the laboratory, were informed about the study details and performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test on the bench press. During the remaining four visits to the laboratory, participants were given one of four possible test conditions, which included the consumption of caffeine, paracetamol, caffeine + paracetamol, or placebo. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the conditions in relation to any of the study variables. The number of repetitions performed at 75% 1RM was F=1.67, p=0.19; the mean power during the movement was F=1.66, p=0.19; and peak power was F=1.04, p=0.39. Regarding movement speed, the mean speed was F=1.60, p=0.20, and the peak speed result was F=1.45, p=0.24. According to these results, it is evident that in all study variables, p>0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference in any of the study conditions. The findings highlight the need for further research with different doses, populations, and study variables to better understand the potential effects of these experimental conditions in the context of resistance training. It was concluded that paracetamol consumption at 1500 mg does not have a statistically significant effect on resistance training performance in active women
THE PILATES METHOD IN KINESIOTHERAPY FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
No full textU današnje vrijeme, pilates metoda je vrlo rasprostranjen kineziterapijski program koji pokazuje velike učinke na zdravlje lokomotornog sustava čovjeka i njegov pristup tjelesnom vježbanju. Zbog svojih specifičnih principa i programa koji obuhvaćaju tjelesne i psihosocijalne karakteristike čovjeka, pilates je svoje mjesto pronašao i u kineziterapiji te prevenciji različitih tjelesnih ozljeda i oštećenja. Osobito pozitivni učinci pilatesa očituju se u
liječenju kronične lumbalne boli koja se smatra vodećim faktorom invaliditeta i boli u svijetu što značajno narušava kvalitetu života ljudi. Fokus pilates programa u kineziterapiji kronične lumbalne boli usmjeren je na pravilnu posturu i kontrolu pokreta s naglaskom na stabilnost i jačanje dubokih mišića trupa i mišića zdjelice, uz pravilnu primjenu pilates tehnike disanja.
Cilj rada je objedniti principe pilatesa i kineziterapijske učinke koji pogađaju bitne mišiće skupine vezane za kroničnu lumbalnu bol te pokrete u lumbalnoj kralježnice. Principi pilatesa obuhvaćeni u programu su središte moći, koncentracija, kontrola, preciznost, disanje i fluidnost, a kineziterapijski učinci uključuju optimalan opseg i obrazac pokreta, povećanje mišićne snage i tonusa te izdržljivosti. Navedene smjernice objedinjene su u smislen i cjelovit
pilates program na prostirkama s pilates loptom i pilates program na reformeru, namijenjen osobama s kroničnom lumbalnom boli koji se rekreativno bave tjelesnom aktivnošću.In today's world, the Pilates method is a widely utilized kinesitherapy program that has shown significant effects on the health of the human locomotor system and the approach to physical exercise. Due to its specific principles and programs that encompass the physical and
psychosocial characteristics of individuals, Pilates has found its place in kinesitherapy and the prevention of various physical injuries and impairments. The particularly positive effects of Pilates are evident in the treatment of chronic lumbar pain, which is considered a leading factor
in disability and pain worldwide, significantly impairing people's quality of life. The focus of the Pilates program in kinesitherapy for chronic lumbar pain is on postural and movement control, with an emphasis on stability and strengthening the deep core muscles and pelvic
muscles, along with the correct application of Pilates breathing techniques. The aim of this paper is to consolidate the principles of Pilates and the kinesitherapy effects that target the
essential muscle groups related to chronic lumbar pain and movements in the lumbar spine. The Pilates principles included in the program are centering, concentration, control, precision, breathing, and flow, while the kinesitherapy effects include optimal range and movement patterns, increased muscle strength and endurance. These guidelines are integrated into a meaningful and comprehensive Pilates mat program with a Pilates ball and a Pilates program on the reformer, designed for individuals with chronic lumbar pain who engage in recreational
physical activity
LATEST RULE CHANGES IN BASKETBALL AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAME
No full textOvaj diplomski rad opisuje povijest nastanka popularnog internacionalnog sporta, njezina utemeljitelja, prva pravila košarkaške igre te faze razvoja tih pravila kroz povijest. Kronologijom su navedena pravila košarkaške igre od začetaka pa sve do danas te utjecaj tih pravila na razvoj ovog predivnog sporta. Također se osvrće na osnivanje najznačajnijih svjetskih košarkaških organizacija i njihovu suradnju i ulogu u ovom sportu. Analizom pravila dolazimo do zaključka da i FIBA i NBA zajedno moraju nastaviti na daljnjem razvoju raznolikosti i globalnom utjecaju, razvijanju mlađih generacija i razvoju tehnoloških inovacija koje će unaprijediti igru i iskustvo za igrače i navijače diljem svijeta.This thesis describes the history of the emergence of a popular international sport, its founder, the first basketball rules, and the phases of development of those rules throughout history. The chronology presents the basketball rules from the beginnings of the game to the present day and how these rules have influenced the development of this wonderful sport. It also discusses the establishment of the most significant global basketball organizations, their cooperation, and their role in this sport. Through an analysis of the rules, it is concluded that both FIBA and the NBA must continue to collaborate in further developing diversity and global influence, nurturing younger generations, and advancing technological innovations that will enhance the game and the experience for players and fans worldwide