Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
Not a member yet
1705 research outputs found
Sort by
Differences in the Impact of Classical Periodization and USRPT Periodization on Performance in the 100-Meter Freestyle Swimming
No full textU ovom istraživanju su se utvrditi učinci „USRPT“ principa treninga u trajanju od 4 tjedana. Uzorak ispitanika sadržavao je 24 plivača mlađih dobnih skupina kronološke dobi od 10 do 13 godina. Svi ispitanici su bili članovi plivačkog kluba Peraja te se ispitivanje provodilo na 25-metarskom bazenu Svetice i Jelkovec. Uzorak varijabli sadržavao je dob, antropometrijske mjere (visinu tijela i masu tijela), rezultat u plivanju 100 metara slobodno na inicijalnom testiranju i finalnom testiranju te njihovo prolazno vrijeme unutar 50 metara.
Postupak je počeo s inicijalnim testiranjem plivanja 100 m slobodnim načinom plivanja sa startom iz vode. Nakon toga, plivači su bili podijeljeni u dvije grupe. Prva grupa je primjenjivala klasičnu periodizaciju, a druga USRPT program. Program je trajao četiri tjedna i na kraju je plivačima ponovno izmjeren rezultat na 100 m slobodnim načinom plivanja sa startom iz vode. Karakteristika USRPT programa je plivanje kratkih dionica s relativno kratkom pauzom između ponavljanja na željenom tempu utrke.
Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako se klasična i USRPT periodizacija neće statistički značajno razlikovati u rezultatima na 100 metara slobodno.In this research, an attempt was made to determine the effects of the "USRPT" training principle lasting 4 weeks. The sample of respondents contains 24 swimmers of younger age groups, chronologically aged between 10 and 13 years old. All subjects are members of the swimming club Peraja and the test was conducted in a 25-meter pool. The sample
of variables contained age, anthropometric measurements (body height and body mass), heart rate, number of strokes, result in swimming 100 meters freestyle at the initial testing and final testing and their passing time within 50 meters.
The procedure will began with the initial testing of swimming 100 m freestyle from the water. After that, the swimmers were devided into two groups. The first group applied classic periodization, and the second according to the USRPT program. The program lasted four weeks and at the end the swimmers were re-measured in the 100 m freestyle from the water. A characteristic of the USRPT program is swimming short sections with a relatively short break between repetitions at the desired race pace.The results of the research showed us that standard and USRPT periodization will not statistically significantly differ in the results of the 100-meter freestyle
Children's rights in sport - review paper
No full textPrava djece u sportu su važna tema koja je često zanemarena. Istraživanja u području zlostavljanja djece u sportu ukazuju da oko 20% djece koja sudjeluju u natjecateljskim sportovima doživljava oblike zlostavljanja i iskorištavanja, dok se njihovih osnovnih ljudskih prava ugrožava kod otprilike 10% djece. Oblici ugroze mogu biti različiti, a uključuju fizička i psihička zlostavljanja, te ponekad i zlouporabu i iskorištavanje. Važno je prepoznati da ovi problemi mogu varirati učestalošću i intenzitetom ovisno o vrsti sporta, ali i sustavu i dionicima istog. Postoji potreba za uspostavljanjem zaštitnih mehanizama i pridržavanjem dječjih prava u sportu kako bi se osigurala sigurna i pravedna okolina za sve sudionike. Konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o pravima djece u određenoj mjeri štiti prava djece, a temeljne odredbe Konvencije ugrađene su i u zakonodavne regulative država na međunarodnoj razini. Unatoč tomu, pojedina kršenja prava djece u sportu, osobito u domeni zlostavljanja, nisu u potpunosti definirana ili se različito definiraju. U radu se istražuju prava djece u sportu i načini kršenja istih, a istraživanje je provedeno prikupljanjem, analizom i prezentiranjem podataka uglavnom recentnih istraživanja u vidu znanstvenih i stručnih članaka, te pravno obvezujućih dokumenata.Children's rights in sports are an important topic that is often neglected. Research shows that about 20% of children who participate in competitive sports experience forms of abuse and exploitation, while their basic human rights are threatened in approximately 10% of children. The forms of threat can be different, and include physical and psychological abuse, and sometimes abuse and exploitation. It is important to recognize that these problems can vary in frequency and intensity depending on the type of sport, as well as the system and its stakeholders. There is a need to establish safeguards and uphold children's rights in sport to ensure a safe and fair environment for all participants. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) protects children's rights to a certain extent, and the basic provisions of the Convention are incorporated into the legislative regulations of countries at the international level. Despite this, certain violations of children's rights in sports, especially in the domain of abuse, are not fully defined or are defined differently. The paper investigates the rights of children in sports and ways of violating them, and the research was carried out by collecting, analyzing and presenting data mainly from recent research in the form of scientific and professional articles and legally binding documents
Differences between the levels of performance of direction changes speed with and without dribbling ball at women football players
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi razlike u razini izvedbe promjene pravca kretanja sa i bez vođenja lopte te utvrditi povezanost između varijabli za procjenu brzine promjene pravca kretanja i varijable za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa sprinta sa i bez vođenja lopte. Mjerenje je provedeno na uzorku od 33 nogometašice dobi od 18 do 27 godina (21,44±3,18 god), visine 160 do 183 centimetara (168,69±5,03cm) i težine 53 do 79kg (61,88±6,18kg). Izračunati su deskriptivni pokazatelji: aritmetička sredina (AS) i standardna devijacija (SD) te minimalan (min) i maksimalan (maks) rezultat mjerenja. Analizirane su varijable koje determiniraju sprint na 20 metara (3,63±0,23s bez lopte, 4,18±0,31s sa loptom ), brzinu promjene pravca kretanja sa testovima: 93639 naprijed-natrag (8,83±0,52s bez lopte, 11,33±0,73s sa loptom), 93639 s okretom (8,14±0,39s bez lopte, 10,38±0,67s sa loptom), izvedbom testa slalom (7,49±0,89s bez lopte, 11,16±1,20s sa loptom ), zig-zag (6,09±0,49s bez lopte, 8,94±0,76s sa loptom) i 20 yardi (5,23±0,25s bez lopte, 6,31±0,33s sa loptom). Primjenom T testa za zavisne uzorke analizirane su značajnosti razlike promjene pravca kretanja bez lopte u odnosu na promjenu pravca kretanja s loptom. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, zaključujemo da postoji statistički značajna razlika između svih provedenih testova sa i bez lopte te da vođenje lopte povećava vrijeme izvedbe svakog testa. Nogometašice su bez vođenja lopte brže i brže mijenjaju smjer u odnosu na nogometašice sa vođenjem lopte. Najmanja razlika vidljiva je u testu MES20M što je i očekivano s obzirom na jednostavnost testa, odnosno na to da se test izvodi bez promjene smjera kretanja. Razlike se povećavaju kako se povećava i složenost izvedbe testa te je tako najveća razlika dobivena u testu slalom (MAGSL). Ovaj test sadrži najveći broj promjena pravca kretanja pod određenim kutom te se tako gubi na brzini vođenja lopte. Nogometašice su za 3,67s odnosno 32,9% brže istrčale test bez vođenja lopte. Kod testa 20yardi dobivena je najmanja razlika kod promjene pravca kretanja. Ovaj test sadrži samo dvije promjene pravca kretanja, a nogometašice su istrčale za 1,08s odnosno 18,7% brže bez vođenja lopte. Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije izračunata je povezanost između varijabli. Sličniji testovi imaju i veći stupanj međusobne korelacije pa tako primjerice testovi s promjenama pravca kretanja i okretima za 180 stupnjeva imaju veći stupanj međusobne korelacije kako s loptom tako i bez lopte.The aim of this thesis was to determine the differences in the level of performance during change of direction with and without the ball among female football players and to establish the connection between variable for estimated direction change speed and variable for estimated explosive power like sprint with and without ball. The measurement was carried out on a sample of 33 players, aged 18-27 (average 21.44 ± 3.18a ages), height 160-183 centimeters (168.69 ±5.03 cm), and weight 53-79 kg (61.88 ± 6.18 kg). The following descriptive indicators were measured: arithmetic mean (AM), standard deviation (SD), the minimum (MIN) and the maximum (MAX) result. Variables that were analyzed determine: 20 meter sprint (3.63±0.23s without ball, 4.18±0.31s with ball), 93639 forward-backwards (8.83±0.52s without ball, 11.33±0.73s with ball), 93639 with a turn (8.14±0.39s without ball, 10.38±0.67s with ball), slalom (7.49±0.89s without ball, 11.16±1.20 with ball), zig-zag (6.09±0.49s without ball, 8.94±0.76s with ball) and 20 yard sprint (5.23±0.25s without ball, 6.31±0.33s with ball). The utilized method was the dependent samples t-test which analyzed differences significance between change of direction without the ball compared to change of direction with the ball. According to the results, we can conclude that there is a significant difference between the tests with and without the ball and that the ball dribbling increases tested performance time. Female football players without ball dribbling are faster and achieve higher speed at direction change compared to players with ball dribbling. The smallest difference was noticed at the MES20M test, which was expected considering test simplicity, regarding the fact that the test is performed without direction change. The differences increase as the complexity of test performance increases so the biggest difference obtained was in the slalom test (MAGSL). This test requires the largest amount of changes of direction at an angle, resulting in a loss of ball dribbling speed. The players completed this test 3.67 s, i.e. 32.9 %, faster without dribbling the ball. The 20 yard sprint yielded the smallest difference in change of direction. This test includes only two changes of direction and the players completed it 1.08 s, or 18.7 %, faster when not dribbling the ball. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation of variables. Similar
tests have a higher correlation degree so for example tests with direction change and 180 degree turns are in higher correlation, both with and without ball
Review of the frequency of lower limb injuries in recreational alpine skiers
No full textCilj je ovog rada na temelju sustavnog pregleda literature na temu ozljeda rekreativnih alpskih skijaša analizirati učestalost i vrstu ozljeđivanja u alpskom skijanju na rekreacijskoj razini i definirati čimbenike koji utječu na ozljeđivanje. Postupkom procjene metodološke kvalitete radova analizirano je 14 radova na temelju kojih su dobiveni podaci da se ozljeda u alpskom skijanju na rekreacijskoj razini događa jednom na 1000 skijaških dana. Ozljede donjih ekstremiteta događaju se u 40 % slučajeva, a najčešće se ozljeđuje koljeno te potkoljenica, gležanj i natkoljenica. Uzrok ozljeđivanja je u većini slučajeva pad i gubitak kontrole koji se najčešće događa zbog neprilagođavanja načina skijanja vlastitim sposobnostima i uvjetima na stazi. Također, značajan broj ozljeda događa se nakon sudara s drugim skijašem ili nepomičnim objektom. Rizično ponašanje i precjenjivanje vlastitih sposobnosti definirano je kao ključan čimbenik nastanka ozljeda. Razvoj skijaške opreme posljednjih 50 godina zasigurno je jedan od ključnih čimbenika zbog kojeg je broj i učestalost ozljeđivanja u kontinuiranom padu. Na temelju dostupnih podataka može se zaključiti da je potrebno nastaviti s istraživanjima na temu ozljeda u rekreacijskom alpskom skijanju zbog sve većeg broja skijaša. Osim toga, javlja se potreba za definiranjem i izradom standardiziranog postupka prikupljanja, analize i sinteze podataka kako bi se u budućnosti mogla uspoređivati različita istraživanja i donositi zaključci o broju, učestalosti i vrsti ozljeda na različitim uzorcima ispitanika.The aim of this paper is to analyze the frequency and types of injuries in recreational alpine skiing and to identify the factors influencing injuries, based on a systematic literature review on the topic of injuries among recreational alpine skiers. Through the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, 14 papers were analyzed, providing data indicating that injuries in recreational alpine skiing occur at a rate of one per 1,000 ski days. Injuries to the lower extremities occur in 40% of cases, with the knee, lower leg, ankle, and thigh being the most commonly injured areas. The cause of injuries is most often a fall and loss of control, usually due to a failure to adapt skiing style to one's own abilities and the conditions on the slope. Additionally, a significant number of injuries occur after collisions with other skiers or stationary objects. Risky behavior and overestimation of one's own abilities were identified as key factors in the occurrence of injuries. The development of skiing equipment over the last 50 years is certainly one of the key factors contributing to the continuous decline in the number and frequency of injuries. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that further research on injuries in recreational alpine skiing is necessary due to the increasing number of skiers. Moreover, there is a need to define and develop a standardized procedure for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing data to enable future comparisons between different studies and to draw conclusions about the number, frequency, and types of injuries in different samples of participants
The influenca of pysical activity on the socioemotional and cognitive development of adolescents
No full textOvaj se rad bavi utjecajima tjelesne aktivnosti na kognitivni i socioemocionalni razvoj adolescenata. Tjelesna aktivnost je nešto što dokazano ostavlja pozitivne učinke na svaki aspekt čovjekova života, a svakako na njegovo kognitivno područje. Tjelesna aktivnost utječe na psihološko stanje pojedinca te ima utjecaj na smanjivanje negativnih posljedica stresa. Također, djeluje pozitivno na dizanje raspoloženja, a samim time u velikoj mjeri utječe i na kvalitetu života. Dokazano je da tjelesna aktivnost pozitivno utječe na razvijanje vlastitog samopouzdanja, samopoštovanja, zadovoljstva fizičkim izgledom, a ima i pozitivne učinke na socijalizaciju i razvijanje pozitivnih društvenih odnosa. Tjelesna aktivnost poboljšava spoznajne funkcije te se koristi kao lijek za anksiozna i depresivna stanja te liječenje psihičkih poremećaja. Potrebno je istaknuti da ona nema isti učinak na sve dobne skupine. Postoje razlike u ovim teorijama, ali je dokazano da je tjelesna aktivnost najvažnija za vrijeme adolescencije budući da se u tom razdoblju uspostavljaju stalne navike koje se primjenjuju na daljni tijek života.This will highlight the impact of physical activity on the cognitive and socioemotional development of adolescents. Physical activity is something that has been proven to have positive effects on every aspect of a person's life, and certainly on his cognitive area. Physical exercise contributes to an individual's psychological well-being by reducing the negative effects of stress and increasing mood, and indirectly as a factor in improving the quality of life. It has been proven that it positively affects the development of self-confidence, self-esteem, satisfaction with physical appearance, and also has positive socialization effects. Physical activity improves cognitive functioning, and is also used as a therapy for symptoms of depression, anxiety and addiction. There are differences in these effects with regard to age and gender, but it has been proven that physical activity is most important during adolescence, since it is during this period that permanent habits are established that are applied to the further course of life
Acute response of post-activation performance enhancement on maximal number of repetitions in leg press exercise
No full textSubmaksimalno predopterećenje (PAPE) fenomen je gdje dolazi do povećanja mišićne snage i izvedbe kojem prethodi visoko-intenzivni podražaj u vidu vježbe s opterećenjem koja je biomehanički slična pokretu kojeg se želi potencirati. Njegov utjecaj na voljni mišićni otkaz nije jednoznačno utvrđen, naročito u ženskoj populaciji. Stoga je cilj ovog rada definiranje utjecaja PAPE (90% 1 maksimalnog ponavljanja, 1RM-a) na voljni mišićni otkaz pri izvedbi vježbe nožni potisak (na 70% 1RM-a) kroz broj ponavljanja različitih serija te time i na ukupan trenažni volumen kod žena. Uzorak ispitanika uključivao je 14 žena (dob 23,5 ± 1,9 godina; tjelesna masa 61,4 ± 7,9 kg; visina tijela 165 ± 6,2 cm) bez mišićno-koštanih ozljeda ili drugih zdravstvenih problema čija je srednja vrijednost potisnutoga 1RM-a iznosila 155 ± 31,9 kilograma, a prijavljeno iskustvo u treningu s otporom bilo je 5,5 ± 3,3 godine. Protokol istraživanja sastojao se od 3 dolaska od kojih se prvi put testirao 1RM, a druga dva puta, nasumičnom podijelom u 2 grupe (temeljem abecednog reda prezimena), provodio kontrolni (KON) i eksperimentalni (PAPE) dolazak kada su se izvodile 3 radne serije do otkaza na 70% 1RM-a nakon 8 minuta pauze. Rezultati nisu utvrdili statistički značajnu razliku u broju ponavljanja prve i druge serije te ukupnog volumena, dok se ta razlika unutar treće radne serije pokazala statistički značajnom (p = 0,037). Ipak, upitno je može li se takav rezultat pripisati PAPE-u s obzirom na duge pauze između serija i vrijeme potencijacijskog djelovanja PAPE. Heterogenost grupe ispitanica po pitanju trenažnog iskustva potencijalni je razlog raspršenosti i time neujednačenosti rezultata u odnosu na prethodna istraživanja te se u budućnosti savjetuje individualiziranje pauza ispitanica. Iako spol ne bi trebao imati značajan utjecaj na ishod rezultata, čini se da žene ostvaruju manje koristi od PAPE-a u pogledu voljnog mišićnog otkaza.Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) is a phenomenon which leads to muscle strength and performance increasement following a high-intensity stimulus in the form of a loaded exercise which is biomechanically similar to the movement being potentiated. Its impact on voluntary muscle failure has not been clearly established, especially in the female population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define the impact of PAPE (90% of 1 maximum repetition, 1RM) on voluntary muscle failure during the leg press exercise (at 70% of 1RM) through the number of repetitions in different sets, and thus on the total training volume among women. The sample included 14 women (age 23.5 ± 1.9 years; body mass 61.4 ± 7.9 kg; body height 165 ± 6.2 cm) without musculoskeletal injuries or other health problems, with an average leg press 1RM of 155 ± 31.9 kg and reported resistance training experience of 5.5 ± 3.3 years. The research protocol consisted of three visits. During the first visit, the 1RM was tested. For the subsequent two visits, participants were randomly divided into two groups based on the alphabetical order of their last names. These visits included a control session (CON) and an experimental session (PAPE), during which participants performed three working sets to failure at 70% of their 1RM after an 8-minute rest. The results did not show a statistically significant difference in the number of repetitions in the first and second sets and the total volume, while the difference in the third working set was statistically significant (p = 0.037). However, it is questionable whether this result can be attributed to PAPE considering the long rest periods between sets and the potentiation duration of PAPE. The heterogeneity of the participants' training experience is a potential reason for the dispersion and thus the inconsistency of the results compared to previous studies, and it is advised to individualize rest periods in future studies. Although gender should not play a significant role in the outcomes, women may experience fewer benefits from PAPE regarding voluntary muscle failure
COMPARISON OF TEST RESULTS FOR REPETITIVE AND EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH PERFORMED WITH THE DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT LEG IN TAEKWONDO ATHLETES
No full textU ovom istraživanju glavni cilj je bio utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima repetitivne i eksplozivne snage između dominantne i nedominantne noge. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 11 taekwondo sportaša (dob = 18 ± 3 godina, visina = 169 ± 22 cm, težina = 68 ± 13 kg) iz kluba Medvedgrad. Testirane su varijable za repetitivnu jakost: jednonožno mrtvo dizanje (JMD), bugarski čučanj (BČ) i kružni udarci u elektronski oklop (KUIUEO); te za eksplozivnu snagu: skok u dalj s mjesta
jednonožni odraz (SUDSMJ) i kružni udarac u elektronski oklop (KUUEO). Podaci su analizirani deskriptivnom statistikom i T testom za zavisne uzorke u programu Statistica. Rezultati su pokazali značajne varijacije u motoričkim sposobnostima među ispitanicima, ali nisu utvrdili statistički značajne razlike između dominantne i nedominantne noge (p > 0,05).
Zaključno, iako postoje varijacije između dominantne i nedominantne noge, razlike nisu statistički značajne, što ukazuje na učinkovito programiranje treninga za uravnoteženje dominantne i nedominantne strane tijela.In this study, the main objective was to determine whether there is a statistically singnificant difference in repetitive and explosive strength motor abilities between the dominant and non
dominant leg. The study involved 11 taekwondo athletes (age = 18 ± 3 years, height = 169 ± 22 cm, weight = 68 ± 13 kg) from Medvedgrad taekwondo club. Variables assessed for repetitive strength included single leg deadlift (JMD), Bulgarian split squat (BČ) and circular kicks on electronic body armor (KUIUEO), while explosive strength was measured through standing long jump single leg leap (SUDSMJ) and circular kick on electronic body armor (KUUEO). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired T tests in Statistica program. The results showed significant variations in motor abilities among the participants but did not establish statistically significant differences between the dominant and non
dominant leg (p > 0,05).
In conclusion, despite observed variations between the dominant and non dominant leg, the differences are not statistically significant, indicating effective training programming for balacing the dominant and non dominant sides of the body
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON MYOSTEATOSIS
No full textNedostatak jasnih saznanja o specifičnim učincima različitih vrsta tjelesnih aktivnosti i prehrane na miostetozu stvara izazove u razvoju prilagođenih preventivnih i terapijskih programa za ovu bolest. Iako su mnoge studije istraživale opće koristi tjelesne aktivnosti na zdravlje mišića, nedostaju precizni podaci o tome kako različite vrste tjelesnih aktivnosti i prehrambene intervencije mogu sinergijski utjecati na razvoj ili napredovanje miosteatoze. Zbog svega navedenoga, ključno je istražiti specifične utjecaje aerobnih i anaerobnih aktivnosti kao i treninga snage i izdržljivosti, različitih prehrambenih pristupa i njihovih kombinacija na prisutnost, progresiju ili reverzibilnost miosteatoze.
Miosteatoza se karakterizira kao stanje koje se očituje nakupljanjem masnog tkiva unutar skeletnih mišića, smanjujući njihovu funkcionalnost i metaboličko zdravlje. Navedeno može dovesti do smanjenja mišićne snage, izdržljivosti i inzulinske osjetljivosti, te povećati rizik od metaboličkih poremećaja. Prevencija i tretman miosteatoze uključuju redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost, posebno aerobne vježbe i trening snage, te uravnoteženu prehranu bogatu proteinima i zdravim mastima. Kombinacija ovih intervencija ključna je za održavanje mišićnog zdravlja i sprječavanje nakupljanja masti u mišićima.
Cilj ovog stručnog rada je analizirati dostupne znanstvene studije te istražiti i sintetizirati saznanja o utjecaju različitih vrsta tjelesnih aktivnosti i prehrambenih strategija na miosteatozu. Posebna pažnja bit će posvećena razumijevanju specifičnih mehanizama djelovanja aerobnih i anaerobnih aktivnosti, treninga snage i treninga izdržljivosti kao i njihovih kombinacija na metabolizam masnoća u mišićima te općenito na razvoj miosteatoze. Kroz analizu dostupne literature, cilj je pronaći najefikasnije strategije tjelesne aktivnosti i prehrane za prevenciju, upravljanje i, gdje je moguće, reverzibilnost miosteatoze, pružajući time relevantne smjernice u razvoju personaliziranih terapijskih programa za osobe s ovim stanjem.The lack of clear knowledge regarding the specific effects of various types of physical activity and diet on myosteatosis creates challenges in developing tailored preventive and therapeutic programs for this condition. Although many studies have investigated the general benefits of physical activity on muscle health, precise data on how different types of physical activities and dietary interventions can synergistically influence the development or progression of myosteatosis are missing. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the specific impacts of aerobic and anaerobic activities, as well as strength and endurance training, various dietary approaches, and their combinations on the presence, progression, or reversibility of myosteatosis.
Myosteatosis is characterized by the accumulation of fat tissue within skeletal muscles, reducing their functionality and metabolic health. This can lead to decreased muscle strength, endurance, and insulin sensitivity, increasing the risk od metabolic disorders. Prevention and treatment of myosteatosis involve regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercises and strength training, along with a balanced diet rich in proteins and healthy fats. The combination of these interventions is essential for maintaining muscle health and preventing fat accumulation in muscles.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze available scientific studies and investigate and synthesize knowledge on the impact of different types of physical activities and dietary strategies on myosteatosis. Special attention will be paid to understanding the specific mechanisms of action of aerobic and anaerobic activities, strength training, and endurance training, as well as their combinations, on fat metabolism in muscles and the overall development of myosteatosis. Through the analysis of available literature, the goal is to find the most effective physical activity and dietary strategies for the prevention, management, and, where possible, reversibility of myosteatosis, thereby providing relevant guidelines for the development of personalized therapeutic programs for individuals with this condition
Differences in the perception of physical appearance and symptomatology of eating disorders in competitive and recreational kickboxers
No full textKickboxing je borilački sport koji privlači širok spektar ljudi, od profesionalnih natjecatelja do rekreativnih sportaša. Natjecatelji koji se bave kickboxingom intenzivno treniraju kako bi postigli rezultate, a rekreativci treniraju iz intrinzičnih razloga i kako bi zadovoljili potrebe za tjelesnom aktivnošću, a među njima ima i značajan broj bivših natjecatelja. Natjecatelji se svrstavaju u natjecateljske kategorije prema dobi i prema tjelesnoj masi. Upravo su zbog toga, posebno neposredno prije natjecanja, skloni restriktivnim prehrambenim ponašanjima (redukcija tjelesne mase, dehidracija...) kako bi stekli prednosti nad protivnicima svrstavanjem u nižu težinsku kategoriju. Navedeno može imati negativne posljedice ne samo na fizičko već i na psihičko zdravlje sportaša, a dugoročno može rezultirati i poremećenim navikama hranjenja te različitim simptomima vezanim uz doživljaj vlastitog tijela i tjelesnog izgleda. Sukladno tome, ovim radom ispitat će se i usporediti pojava simptoma poremećaja hranjenja te percepcija i zadovoljstvo tjelesnim izgledom između natjecatelja i rekreativaca kickboxinga.
Uzorak sudionika činilo je 150 hrvatskih kickboksača, različitih uzrasta. Sudionici su kategorizirani u dvije brojčano podjednako velike skupine: natjecatelji i rekreativci. Procjenjivala se izraženost simptoma poremećaja hranjenja Upitnikom navika hranjenja (EAT – 26, Garner i sur., 1982) te zadovoljstvo tjelesnim izgledom Skalom percepcije tjelesnog izgleda slikovnim podražajima (Figure Rating Scale – FRS, Stunkard, Sorenson i Schlusinger, 1983). Rezultati pokazuju nizak postotak zastupljenosti odstupajućih navika hranjenja kod kickboksača ovog uzorka te da ne postoji razlika u prisutnosti simptoma poremećaja hranjenja između natjecatelja i rekreativaca. Nadalje, potvrđena je razlika u zadovoljstvu tjelesnim izgledom kickboksača; natjecatelji su u usporedbi s rekreativcima značajno zadovoljniji vlastitom slikom tijela.Kickboxing is a combat sport that attracts a wide range of people, from professional competitors to recreational athletes. Kickboxing competitors train intensively in order to achieve results, while recreational players train for intrinsic reasons and to meet the needs for physical activity, and among them there is a significant number of former competitors. Competitors are classified into competition categories according to age and body weight. This is precisely why, especially right before the competition, they are prone to restrictive dietary behaviors (reduction of body mass, dehydration...) in order to gain advantages over their opponents by placing them in a lower weight category. The above can have negative consequences not only on the physical but also on the mental health of the athlete, and in the long term it can also result in disturbed eating habits and various symptoms related to the experience of one's own body and physical appearance. Accordingly, this paper will examine and compare the appearance of symptoms of eating disorders and the perception and satisfaction with physical appearance between competitors and recreational kickboxing players.
The sample of participants consisted of 150 Croatian kickboxers of different ages. They are categorized into two numerically equally large groups: competitors and recreational players. The severity of eating disorder symptoms was assessed with the Eating Attitude Test (EAT – 26, Garner et al., 1982) and satisfaction with body appearance was assessed with the Figure Rating Scale - FRS (Stunkard, Sorenson and Schlusinger, 1983). The results show a low percentage of disorded eating habits in this sample among kickboxers and that there is no difference in the presence of symptoms of eating disorders between competitors and recreational players. Furthermore, the difference in satisfaction with the physical appearance of kickboxers was confirmed; competitors are significantly more satisfied with their own body image compared to recreational players
Influence of parenting styles on children's physical activity
No full textRoditelji imaju ključnu ulogu u odgoju svoje djece, a način na koji pristupaju roditeljskim dužnostima može značajno oblikovati razvoj i ponašanje djece. Svaki roditelj prakticira određeni roditeljski stil koji može imati različit utjecaj na djecu. U ovom radu proučavana su tri specifična roditeljska stila: autoritativni, autoritarni i permisivni, te njihov utjecaj na tjelesnu aktivnost djevojčica koje treniraju odbojku. Cilj rada je istražiti povezanost između različitih roditeljskih stilova i razine tjelesne aktivnosti djevojčica u dobi od devet do trinaest godina koje rekreativno treniraju odbojku u Odbojkaškom klubu Ivanić-Grad. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anketnog upitnika upućenog roditeljima djevojčica koje treniraju odbojku. Upitnik je obuhvatio pitanja o roditeljskim stilovima te o tjelesnoj aktivnosti djece. Analizirani su odgovori roditelja kako bi se utvrdila povezanost između stilova roditeljstva i razine tjelesne aktivnosti njihovih kćeri. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u tjelesnoj aktivnosti djevojčica odgajanih autoritarnim i permisivnim roditeljskim stilom.Parents play a crucial role in raising their children, and the way they approach parental duties can significantly shape the development and behavior of children. Every parent practices a certain parenting style, which can have different impacts on children. This paper examines three specific parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive, and their influence on the physical activity of girls who play volleyball. The aim of the paper is to explore the relationship between different parenting styles and the level of physical activity in girls aged nine to thirteen who recreationally train volleyball at the Volleyball Club Ivanić-Grad. The research was conducted through a survey questionnaire directed at the parents of the girls who train volleyball. The questionnaire included questions about parenting styles and children's physical activity. The parents' responses were analyzed to determine the correlation between parenting styles and the level of physical activity of their daughters. The results of the study show that there is no statistically significant difference in the physical activity of girls raised with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles