Repository of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb - KIFoREP
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PILATES DURING PREGNANCY: PRACTICAL GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF MOTHER AND CHILD
No full textOvaj stručni diplomski rad bavi se prednostima pilatesa za trudnice i nudi praktične smjernice za sigurno i učinkovito vježbanje. Rad se temelji na stručnim izvorima raznih studija kako bi se trudnicama pružio koristan alat za održavanje zdravlja tijekom trudnoće. Pilates se pokazao korisnim za trudnice jer poboljšava držanje, jača mišiće, povećava fleksibilnost te smanjuje bolove u leđima, anksioznost i stres. U radu je osmišljen individualni program vježbanja prilagođen trudnicama, koristeći veliku fitnes loptu. Program obuhvaća vježbe istezanja, jačanja i disanja, koje su detaljno opisane s ciljem pravilne i sigurne izvedbe. Pilates pruža trudnicama učinkovitu metodu vježbanja s kojom mogu održati tjelesnu kondiciju i pripremiti se za porod. Važno je da se trudnice prije početka bilo kojeg programa vježbanja konzultiraju s liječnikom kako bi osigurale svoje zdravlje, ali i zdravlje svoje bebe.This professional work explores the benefits of Pilates for pregnant women and provides practical guidelines for safe and effective exercise. The thesis is based on expert sources from various studies to offer pregnant women a useful tool for maintaining health during pregnancy. Pilates has proven to be beneficial for pregnant women as it improves posture, strenghthens muscles, increases flexibility and reduces back pain, anxiety and stress. The thesis includes the individual exercise program tailored to pregnant women, using a large fitness ball. The program comprises stretching, strenghtening and breathing exercises which are described in detail with the aim of proper and safe execution. Pilates provides pregnant women with an effective exercise method to maintain physical fitness and prepare for childbirth. Iti s important for pregnant women to consult with a doctor before starting any exercise program to ensure their own health and the health of their baby
Pedagogical competencies of handball coaches
No full textCilj ovog rada je detaljnije opisati pedagoške kompetencije rukometnih trenera. S obzirom na to da se konkretno radi o ekipnom sportu - rukometu, u početku je kroz nekoliko poglavlja opisan rukomet kao sport i njegov značaj, povijesni razvoj rukometa, pravila rukometa te pojava i vrste rukometnih trenera. Cijeli diplomski rad temelji se na pedagogiji sporta i rekreacije pa je i taj dio detaljnije objašnjen. Pojam kompetencije objašnjen je kroz različite definicije različitih autora te kroz teorijske pristupe kompetencijama. Glavni dio ovog diplomskog rada, kao što se može vidjeti iz naslova, su pedagoške kompetencije koje su rastavljene na osam različitih dimenzija i detaljnije su opisane kako bi se stekao dojam važnosti pojedinih dimenzija u procesu trenerova odgoja, obrazovanja i rada sa mladim sportašima. Na kraju su navedeni i predstavljeni primjeri dobre prakse pod kojima se podrazumijevaju primjeri aktivnih rukometnih trenera s područja grada Varaždina koji rade ili su radili sa rukometašima svih dobnih kategorija.The aim of this thesis is to describe in detail the pedagogical competencies of handball coaches. Given that this specifically concerns a team sport - handball, the initial chapters describe handball as a sport and its significance, the historical development of handball, the rules of handball, and the emergence and types of handball coaches. The entire thesis is based on the pedagogy of sport and recreation, and this section is also explained in more detail. The concept of competence is explained through various definitions by different authors and through theoretical approaches to competencies. The main part of this thesis, as indicated by the title, focuses on pedagogical competencies, which are divided into eight different dimensions and described in detail to highlight the importance of each dimension in the process of coaching, education, and working with young athletes. Finally, examples of good practice are presented, which include examples of active handball coaches from the city of Varaždin who work or have worked with handball players of all age categories
DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR BETWEEN STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND KINESIOLOGY IN ZAGREB
No full textU današnjem suvremenom svijetu, svijest o važnosti i dobrobiti tjelesne aktivnosti još uvijek nije na zadovoljavajućoj razini, dok s druge strane imamo sve veće udjele sedentarnog ponašanja osobito kod djece i mladih ponajviše zbog modernizacije i tehnološkog napretka društva. Dobrobiti tjelesne aktivnosti očituju se u snižavanju krvnog tlaka, poboljšanju inzulinske osjetljivosti, boljem snu, regulaciji stresa, kognitivnim funkcijama i sl.. Cilj je ovog istraživanja analiza tjelesne aktivnosti i sedentarnog ponašanja studentica i studenata Kineziološkog fakulteta i Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Ukupno 250 studenata, prosječne dobi 20,7 godina je ispunilo upitnik KINAKT u formi Google obrasca koji se sastoji od 18 pitanja i ukupno 53 čestice. Za utvrđivanje razlika između studenata dva fakulteta u razini tjelesne aktivnosti i sedentarnog ponašanja te razlika prema spolu korišten je Mann-Whitney U-test na razini pogreške statističkog zaključivanja p˂0,05. Dobivena je statistički značajna razlika u tjelesnoj aktivnosti gdje su studenti Kineziološkog fakulteta aktivniji od studenata Agronomskog fakulteta, a studeni oba fakulteta aktivniji od studentica. Kod sedentarnog ponašanja razlike između studenata obzirom na fakultet i spol su statistički značajne u tri od ukupno 10 promatranih varijabli. Između fakulteta se radi o varijablama koje ispituju koliko studenti prosječno dnevno provode u učenju, hodanju po trgovačkim centrima te pred kompjuterom radi učenja. Po spolu su razlike statistički značajne za prve dvije prethodno navedene varijable dok se treća odnosi na to koliko prosječno dnevno provedu vremena pred kompjuterom radi zabave.In today's modern world, awarness of the importance and benefits of physical activity is still not at a satisfactory level, while on the other hand, we have increasing shares of sedentary behavior, especially among children and young people, mainly due to the modernization and technological progress of society. The benefits of physical activity are manifested in lowering blood pressure, improving insulin sensitivity, better sleep, stress regulation, cognitive functions, etc. The aim of this research is to analyze physical activity and sedentary behavior of female and male students of the Faculty of Kineisology and the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb. A total of 250 students, with an average age of 20,7 years, filled out the KINAKT questionnaire in the form of a Google form consisting of 18 questions and a total of 53 items. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine the differences between the students of the two faculties in the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as differences by gender, at the level of error of statistical inference p˂0,05. A statistically significant difference in physical activity was obtained where students of the Faculty of Kinesiology are more active than students of the Faculty of Agriculture, and male students of both faculties are more active than the female students. In the case of sedentary behavior, the differences between students with regard to faculty and gender are statistically significant in three out of 10 observed variables. Among the faculties, it is about variables that examine how much students on average per day spend studying, walking around shopping centres and in front of the computer for studying. By gender, the differences are statistically significant for the first two aforementioned variables, while the third relates to how much they spend on average per day in front of the computer for entertainment
Comparison of different methods to prescribe HIIT
No full textIntenzitet aktivnosti najvažnija je akutna varijabla koju treba odrediti za izazivanje željene fiziološke adaptacije tijekom treninga izdržljivosti. Intenzitet VIIT-a najčešće se određuje kroz postotak MAB-a. Međutim nogometaši tijekom utakmice provode značajan dio vremena na intenzitetima iznad vVO2max, odnosno MAB-a. VIIT kratkog formata se također provodi intenzitetom koji prelazi MAB, stoga metoda koja koristi postotak MAB-a možda i nije najbolji izbor za programiranje individualiziranog VIIT-a. Metode programiranja koje koriste postotke vIFT-a i kombinaciju postotka ASR-a uzimaju u obzir i intenzitete iznad MAB-a, te kao takve imaju veći potencijal za programiranje individualiziranog VIIT-a kratkog formata. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li razlika u akutnoj reakciji nogometaša između vremenski definiranog VIIT-a programiranog koristeći postotak vIFT-a i treninga koji koristi postotak ASR-a. Pored toga, utvrditi koja će metoda programiranja VIIT-a biti superiornija u akumulaciji veće količine vremena u zoni ≥90% FSmax, uz što manji metabolički i percepcijski stres. Petnaest visoko treniranih nogometaša (dobi 20,33 ± 2,23 godina, visine 184,43 ± 5,88 cm i težine 76,63 ± 5,07 kg) odradili su dva VIIT-a u trajanju od 10 minuta koji su uključivali interval rada u trajanju od 15 sekundi na intenzitetima od 95% vIFT-a i 20%ASR-a (MAB + 20% ASR), te interval pasivnog odmora istog trajanja. Oba treninga rezultirala su visokim postotkom akumulacije vremena u zoni ≥90% FSmax. Međutim bez statistički značajne razlike između metoda programiranja VIIT-a u kardiorespiratornim p = 0,46 (t@90%FSmax), metaboličkim p = 0,58 (La) i percepcijskim p = 0,07 (SPOt) parametrima akutne reakcije.Exercise intensity is the most important acute variable that needs to be determined for inducing the desired physiological adaptation during endurance training. HIIT intensity is most commonly prescribed using percentage of MAS. However, soccer players spend a significant portion of their time during a match at intensities above vVO2max, or MAS. Short format HIIT is also performed at an intensity that exceeds MAS, so a method based on a percentage of MAS might not be the best choice for designing individualized HIIT. Methods that use percentages of vIFT and a combination of ASR percentage take into account intensities above MAS and, as such, have greater potential for designing individualized short format HIIT. The aim of this research is to determine if there is a difference in the acute response of soccer players between time - defined HIIT designed using a percentage of vIFT and training that uses a percentage of ASR. In addition, the study aims to determine which method will be superior in accumulating a greater amount of time in the ≥90% HRmax zone with minimal metabolic and perceptual stress. Fifteen highly trained soccer players (age 20.33 ± 2.23 years, height 184.43 ± 5.88 cm, and weight 76.63 ± 5.07 kg) completed two 10-minute HIIT sessions, each consisting of 15-second work intervals at intensities of 95% vIFT and 20% ASR (MAS + 20% ASR), followed by 15-second passive recovery. Both methods resulted in a high percentage of time accumulated in the ≥90% HRmax zone. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the methods in terms of cardiorespiratory p = 0.46 (t@90%HRmax), metabolic p = 0.58 (La), and perceptual p = 0.07 (RPE) acute response
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOTBALL GAME SYSTEM MANCHESTER CITY FC IN THE SEASON 2022. 2023.
No full textRad govori o karakteristikama sustava nogometne igre koje je koristio „Manchester City FC“ u sezoni 2022. / 2023. Prikazana je detaljna analiza sustava koje je klub koristio tijekom uspješne sezone. Svaki od korištenih sustava temelji se na unaprijed dogovorenim pozicijama i zadaćama za svakog igrača. Igrači svoje poslove obavljaju sa stajališta faze obrane i faze napada. Sustav je uravnotežen i fleksibilan te odgovara karakteristikama igrača. Govori se o prilagođavanju svakog sustava u alternativne oblike, ovisno o rezultatu tijekom natjecanja. To podrazumijeva stizanje negativnog rezultata i zadržavanje pozitivnog. Rad prikazuje sustav igre 1- 4- 3- 3 pomoću kojeg je klub došao do svoje najuspješnije sezone u povijesti kluba, osvojivši 5 trofeja. Teorijski su objašnjene karakteristike igrača na pojedinim pozicijama kao i karakteristične situacije u pojedinim podfazama i fazama nogometne igre. Kroz kratak prikaz ovog sporta opisane su karakteristike nogometa s najvećim naglaskom na opis i analizu karakteristika momčadskih sustava i formacija tijekom treninga i natjecanja. Ovaj rad detaljno analizira svrhu primjene, usvajanja i usavršavanja te najvišu automatizaciju pojedinih segmenata igre kao i uloge igrača te stručnog stožera. Početak razvoja modernih sustava pomaže stručnjacima u shvaćanju osnovnih principa i faza nogometne igre. Također je objašnjen način treniranja u vrhunskom nogometu s glavnim naglaskom na taktiku. Tu spadaju metode i vrste rada koje je trener koristio zajedno sa svojim stručnim stožerom. Organizacija sustava igre traži prilagodbu prije natjecanja, zatim potrebu mijenjanja tijekom natjecanja i unaprijeđenje sustava nakon natjecanja kao priprema za sljedeću utakmicu. Jako je važno uklopiti stečene navike igrača u zahtjeve modernog sustava. Rad objašnjava na koji način kvalitetno prenijeti igraču zahtjeve koji se traže od njega, kako u fazi obrane, tako i u fazi napada. Sustavno ponavljanje dovest će do sposobnosti promjene varijante sustava nogometne igre.This paper refers to characteristics of the football game system used by „Manchester City FC“ during 2022. / 2023. season. Detailed analysis used by the club is shown during a successful season. Each used system is based on prearranged positions and tasks for every player. Players are doing their tasks from the point of view of defence and attack. The system is balanced, flexible, and fits the player's characteristics. This paper informs about adaptations of each system in alternantive forms which depend on the result during matches. It means catching up with negative results or keep the positive ones. The professional work shows a 1- 4- 3- 3 game system which helped the club to reach the most successful season in history when they won five trophies. The positions of each player are theoretically explained as well as characteristic situations during different football game phases. A short outline of this sport describes football analysis of formations during the game. This professional work analyses the purpose of application, acquisition, and improvement of defined game parts and players' and managing staff' roles. The beginning of the evolution of modern football game systems helps experts to understand the basic prinicples of the game. The professional work also explains different ways of tactic training on the highest level. This includes different methods that the coach used with his staff. Organisation of the game system refers to adaptation before, during, and after the game. It is very important to fit the player's habits into demands of modern football. The work explains how to best convey information and requirements to players. Those requests refer to defending and attacking obligations. Systematic repetition leads to the highest level of tactical performance in football
The effects of exercise at different times of the day on sleep quality
No full textSvrha: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj vježbanja u različito doba dana na kvalitetu sna i raspoloženje. Metode: Prikupljeni su podaci 18 prigodno odabranih mladih odraslih osoba (raspon dobi: 18-27), od čega 13 žena i 5 muškaraca. Proveden je randomizirani kontrolirani ukriženi pokus u kojem su ispitanici nasumično raspoređeni u AB/BA tretman. Tretman A označavao je provođenje vježbanja svaki drugi dan tijekom jutarnjih sati (do zaključno 14:00h), dok je tretman B uključivao vježbanje u večernjim satima (nakon 21:00h). Pokazatelji kvalitete i kvantitete sna mjereni su Fitbit Charge 3 mjeračima tjelesne aktivnosti (Google Fitbit, SAD) kroz 14 uzastopnih dana i noći. Mjereni pokazatelji sna bili su trajanje spavanja, budnost nakon usnivanja, efikasnost sna i trajanje dubokog sna. Subjektivna procjena kvalitete sna ispitivana je putem The Groningen Sleep Quality Scale, a raspoloženje ispitanika PANAS upitnikom. Studentov T-test za zavisne uzorke korišten je za utvrđivanje statističke značajnosti pojedinih parametara sna i raspoloženja u različitim periodima vježbanja koje se provodilo u dva ciklusa, do 14 sati i nakon 21 sat, te za usporedbu između dana s vježbanjem u odnosu na dane bez vježbanja. Rezultati: Analize su pokazale kako nijedan od parametara kvalitete i kvantitete sna nije bio značajno promijenjen pod utjecajem vježbanja. Nisu uočene značajne razlike u objektivnim parametrima kvalitete i kvantitete sna između dva ciklusa vježbanja kao niti u subjektivnoj procjeni kvalitete sna. Također, nije bilo značajnog utjecaja vježbanja na raspoloženje niti u jednom periodu pokusa. Zaključak: Glavni rezultati ovog istraživanja ne pokazuju direktnu povezanost vremena vježbanja na kvalitetu sna, kao ni tjelesne aktivnosti na raspoloženje. U budućim istraživanjima bilo bi potrebno produljiti vrijeme trajanja istraživanja i uzeti u obzir remeteće faktore uz maksimalnu mogućnost njihove kontrole.Purpose: The aim of this study was established how does exercise at different times of the day influence quality of sleep and mood. Methods: Data was collected from 18 young adults (age range: 18-27), 13 females and 5 males. A randomised crossover design was applied, and participants were randomly assigned to AB/BA treatment. Treatment A dictated exercise on every other day in the morning (until 2 p.m.), while during treatment B exercise was performed in the evening (after 9 p.m.). Indicators of quality and quantity of sleep were measured using Fitbit Charge 3 activity and sleep monitor (Google Fitbit, USA) throughout 14 consecutive days and nights. Parameters of sleep assessed in this study were total sleep time, wake time after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and duration of deep sleep. In, addition, subjective assessment of sleep quality was done every morning using The Groningen Sleep Quality Scale, while at the same time the PANAS questionnaire was used to evaluate the mood of the participants. Student T – test for dependent samples was applied for determining differences between individual parameters of sleep and mood in different treatment periods and to compare days with exercise versus days without exercise. Results: Analysis showed that none of the parameters of quality and quantity of sleep were significantly affected by the timing of exercise. There were no significant differences noticed in objective or subjective parameters of sleep quality and quantity between two cycles of exercises. Also, no significant effect of exercise on mood was recorded, in any of the exercise treatments. Conclusion: The results of this research show that there is no direct connection between exercise time and sleep quality, as well as connection between physical activity and mood. Future research should focus on extending the duration of the trial, and account for various sleep disruptors which should be controlled as much as possible
APPLICATION OF BADMINTON IN ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION
No full textBadminton je zbog svog kompetitivnog karaktera i primjene u rekreaciji jedan od najatraktivnijih sportova u svijetu. Danas ga igra preko petnaest milijuna registriranih igrača i isto toliko ako ne i više rekreativaca. U Hrvatskoj prvi registrirani klub pojavljuje se 1989. godine, a savez se osniva dvije godine poslije. Danas u svim većim gradovima postoji barem jedan badminton klub. Upravo zbog svoje popularnosti i pozitivnog utjecaja na veliki broj motoričkih sposobnosti i vještina badminton se našao i u školskom kurikulumu osnovnih i srednjih škola. Poučavanje elemenata provodi se metodički, od najjednostavnijih elemenata prema složenijim. Tako možemo reći da se badminton uči od samih početaka, kao što je držanje reketa, pa do najkompleksnije igre, one u paru.Thanks to his competitive character and the fact it's being used recreationally very often, badminton has become one of the most attractive sports in the world. Today it has more then fifteen million registered players and even more casual players. The first registered club in Croatia was foundedin in 1989. and two years later The Croatian Badminton Association. Today, we have at least one badminton club in all major cities in Croatia. Also, because of its big positive influence it has on motor skills, badminton has found his way into the school curicullum as well. It's being studied methodically, from simplest elements to more complex ones. Therefore, we can learn everything, from holding a racket to more complicated things like tactics for doubles
The effectiveness of virtual reality in the implementation of recreational physical exercise in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textPozadina. Napredak digitalne tehnologije doveo je do razvoja aktivnih videoigara (AVG) koje svoj vrhunac pronalaze u tehnologiji virtualne stvarnosti (VR). Cilj. Budući da AVG-ovi potiču korisnika na fizičku pokretljivost, cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati je li ta pokretljivost dovoljna kako bi se zadovoljile propisane smjernice za potrebnu količinu tjelesne aktivnosti (TA). Metoda. Proveden je sustavni pregled literature u kojeg je uključeno 12 primarnih istraživanja koja su zadovoljila postavljene kriterije. Također, provedene su dvije meta-analize od kojih je prva uključila 6, a druga 4 istraživanja. Rezultati. Meta-analizama je dokazano kako se aktivnost unutar VR-a ne razlikuje od tradicionalnog načina vježbanja. Također je dokazano da postoji značajna razlika između aktivnih i pasivnih videoigara, gdje je ukupna veličina učinka (SDM – standardizirana razlika aritmetičkih sredina) iznosila 2,33 u korist AVG-ova. Sustavnim pregledom se iz uključenih istraživanja ekstrahirala varijabla razine TA koja se uspoređivala s propisanim smjernicama, pri čemu je većina istraživanja pokazala učinkovitost u postizanju ciljanog radnog intenziteta. Također, gotovo su sva istraživanja pokazala da ispitanici više uživaju igrajući VR igre nego tradicionalno vježbajući te imaju slabiju percepciju intenziteta i umora. Zaključak. Kako bi se u potpunosti zadovoljile zdravstvene smjernice, potrebno je barem dvostruko više vremena (300 min/tjedno) provesti igrajući AVG-ove od propisanog minimalnog vremena umjerene TA (150 min/tjedno). Preporučuje se korištenje AVG-ova kao dodatak tradicionalnom načinu vježbanja, jer isključivo oslanjanje na VR bez šireg poznavanja i planiranja može uroditi nedovoljnom količinom TA. Zbog različitih unutrašnjih struktura AVG-ova od kojih samo neke stimuliraju dovoljnu razinu TA, potrebno je biti pažljiv pri odabiru.Background. The advancement of digital technology has led to the development of active video games (AVGs), which find their peak in virtual reality (VR) technology. Objectives. Since AVGs force the user to be physically active, the aim of this study was to examine whether this activity is sufficient to meet the prescribed guidelines for the required amount of physical activity (TA). Methods. A systematic review was conducted that included 12 primary studies that met the set criteria. Also, two meta-analyses were conducted, the first of which included 6 and the second 4 studies. Results. Meta-analyses have proven that the activity within VR is no different from the traditional way of exercising. It was also proven that there is a significant difference between active and passive video games, where the total effect size (SDM – standardized mean difference) was 2,33 in favour of AVGs. The review extracted a TA level variable from the included studies that was compared with the prescribed guidelines, with most studies showing effectiveness in achieving the target work intensity. Also, almost all studies have shown that respondents enjoy playing VR games more than exercising traditionally and have a weaker perception of intensity and fatigue. Conclusion. To fully comply with health guidelines, it is necessary to spend at least twice as much time (300 min/week) playing AVGs as the prescribed minimum time of moderate TA (150 min/week). It is recommended to use AVGs as an addition to the traditional way of exercising, because relying solely on VR without extensive knowledge and planning can result in an insufficient amount of TA. Due to the different internal structures of AVGs, with only some of which stimulate a sufficient level of TA, it is necessary to be careful when choosing a desired AVG
The effect of acute fatigue on the targeted motor skills of young taekwondo players
No full textMotoričke sposobnosti vaţan su aspekt uspjeha u svakom sportu. Cilj ovog istraţivanja je utvrditi utjecaj specifičnog akutnog umora na ciljane motoričke sposobnosti mladih taekwondoaša i rizika od nastanka ozljeda. Istraţivanje je provedeno na 17 mladih taekwondoaša, prosječne dobi 12,47 ± 1,33. Ispitanici su aktivni sportaši te su uključeni u redovni sustav natjecanja. Ispitanici su testirani u 4 testa, kojima se procjenjivala agilnost, eksplozivna snaga, fleksibilnost i dinamička ravnoteţa prije i poslije protokola umaranja. Za procjenu agilnosti koristio se test koraci u stranu (MAGKUS), za procjenu skočnosti koristio se sargent test (MESSAR), za procjenu fleksibilnosti koristio se test prednoţenja iz stojećeg stava (MFLPSS), a za procjenu dinamičke ravnoteţe koristio se test mirnog stajanja na balans platformi gdje su se kod prikaza rezultata koristile dvije varijable; ukupno prijeĎena antero-posteriorna udaljenost (PUT) i prosječno kvadratno odstupanje od početne točke (RMS). Nakon inicijalnog testiranja nad ispitanicima proveden je specifičan protokol umaranja koji se sastojao od 6 jednominutnih borbi s pauzom od jedne minute izmeĎu njih. Kako bi se provjerila uspješnost protokola koristila se modificirana borgova skala za procjenu opterećenja, s bodovima od 0 (umor nije prisutan) do 10 (prisutan je najveći mogući umor). Rezultati modificirane borgove skale pokazuju uspješnost protokola s prosječnim bodovima 8,41 ± 0,76. Razlika prvog i drugog mjerenja testa MAGKUS pokazuje nam da postoji statistički značajno smanjenje rezultata (t=-9,38, p=0,00). Razlika prvog i drugog mjerenja testa MESSAR takoĎer ukazuju na statistički značajno smanjenje rezultata (t=7,88, p=0,00). S druge strane razlika prvog i drugog mjerenja rezultata MFLPSS ukazuje na statistički značajno poboljšanje rezultata (t=-5,94, p=0,00). Rezultati testa za procjenu dinamičke ravnoteţe prikazani su kroz dvije varijable te se kod obje varijable vidi smanjenje rezultata koje nije statistički značajno; PUT (Z=0,64, p=0,52) i RMS (t=-1,45, p=0,17). Provedbom istraţivanja i analizom rezultata zaključeno je kako akutni umor negativno utječe na sve motoričke sposobnosti osim fleksibilnosti na koju ima pozitivan učinak. Produkt toga je povećani opseg pokreta i smanjena kontrola pokreta što u konačnici povećava rizik od nastanka ozljede.Motor skills are an important aspect of success in any sport. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of specific acute fatigue on the targeted motor skills of young taekwondo players and the risk of injury. The research was conducted on 17 young taekwondo players, average age 12,47 ± 1,33. The respondents are active athletes and are included in the regular competition system. The subjects were tested in 4 tests that assessed agility, explosive strenght, flexibility and dynamic balance before and after the fatigue protocol. To assess agility, the step-to-side test (MAGKUS) was used, to assess explosive strenght, the Sargent test (MESSAR) was used, to assess flexibility, the front leg test from a standing position (MFLPSS) was used, and to assess dynamic balance, the standing balance test was used platforms where two variables were used to display the results; total antero-posterior distance traveled (PUT) and root mean square deviation (RMS). After the initial testing, a specific fatigue protocol was performed on the subjects, which consisted of 6 one-minute bouts with a one-minute break between them. In order to check the success of the protocol, we used a modified Borg scale to assess the workload, with points from 0 (fatigue is not present) to 10 (the greatest possible fatigue is present). The results of the modified Borg scale show the success of the protocol with an average score of 8,41 ± 0,76. The difference between the first and second measurements of the MAGKUS test shows us that there is a statistically significant decrease in results (t=-9,38, p=0,00). The difference between the first and second measurements of the MESSAR test also indicate a statistically significant decrease in results (t=7,88, p=0,00). On the other hand, the difference between the first and second measurements of the MFLPSS results indicates a statistically significant improvement in the results (t=-5,94, p=0,00). The results of the dynamic balance assessment test are presented through two variables, and both variables show a decrease in results that is not statistically significant; PUT (Z=0,64, p=0,52) and RMS (t=-1,45, p=0,17). By conducting research and analyzing the results, it was concluded that acute fatigue has a negative effect on all motor abilities, except for flexibility, which has a pozitive effect. The product of that is increased range of motion and reduced control of movement, which ultimately increases the risk of injury
Pain syndromes of the lumbar spine
No full textCilj ovog rada je napraviti sveobuhvatan pregled literature o različitim metodama liječenja nespecifične križobolje, s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu kineziterapije. Prikazane su osnovne spoznaje o lumbalnom bolnom sindromu (LBS), uključujući prevalenciju, rizične faktore i dijagnostičke metode. Istaknuto je da je LBS čest medicinski problem s globalnom prevalencijom, pogotovo među starijom populacijom i ženama. Kineziterapija se ističe kao jedan od najučinkovitijih nefarmakoloških pristupa, koristeći terapijske programe koji
uključuju vježbe jačanja, stabilizacije, istezanja, mobilnosti i primjenu McKenzie metode. Individualizirani pristup u terapiji, uz nadzor stručne osobe, ključan je za uspješno liječenje i poboljšanje kvalitete života pacijenata s LBS-om.The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on various treatment methods for nonspecific low back pain, with a special focus on the role of kinesitherapy. The paper presents fundamental insights into lumbar pain syndrome (LPS), including its prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic methods. It is highlighted that LPS is a common medical issue with global prevalence, especially among the elderly and women. Kinesitherapy stands out as one of the most effective non-pharmacological approaches, utilizing therapeutic programs that include strengthening exercises, stabilization, stretching, mobility, and the application of the McKenzie method. An individualized approach to therapy, under the supervision of a professional, is crucial for successful treatment and improving the quality of life for patients with LPS