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PROGRESSION OF KINESITHERAPY IN THE REHABILITATION OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS AFTER MENISCUS REPAIRS
No full textKoljenski zglob najsloženije je građen zglob u ljudskom tijelu. Sukladnost zglobnih tijela koljena osiguravaju medijalni i lateralni meniskus. Pomicanjem meniska pri pokretima konveksno zglobno tijelo prati konkavno zglobno tijelo. Također, povećavaju dodirnu površinu i prenose opterećenje s femura na tibiju.
Puknuća meniskusa koja nastaju traumatski, zahvaćaju mlađu populaciju s vidljivim simptomima. S druge strane, degenerativna puknuća meniskusa nastaju kroz niz godina uslijed stalnog opterećenja te se javljaju kod starije populacije.
Konzervativno liječenje meniskusa uključuje fizikalnu terapiju i kineziterapiju, dok operativno zahtijeva šivanje meniskusa ili meniscektomiju. Meniscektomija doprinosi bržem oporavku te je glavna metoda liječenja kod sportaša. Povratak sportu je nakon mjesec dana. Šivanje meniskusa zahtijeva dulji i kompleksniji oporavak, stoga se produžuje vraćanje sportskim aktivnostima.
Rehabilitacija osobe nakon šivanja meniskusa sastoji se od 3 faze. Započinje od prvog dana nakon operacije uz fizikalne agense. Primjenjuju se vježbe izometrije, jačanja, istezanja, ravnoteže i propriocepcije. Svaka faza sadržava određene kriterije koji moraju biti zadovoljeni za prelazak u sljedeću fazu. Osoba koja se vraća sportu izvodi specifične testove prije povratka na teren.
U radu će biti prikazan program rehabilitacije za tjelesno aktivnu osobu nakon šivanja meniskusa.The knee joint is the most complex joint in the human body. The congruence of the knee joint bodies is ensured by the medial and lateral meniscus. During movement, the convex joint body follows the concave joint body through the movement of the meniscus. Additionally, they increase the contact surface and transfer the load from the femur to the tibia.
Meniscus tears that occur acutely affect a younger population with visible symptoms. On the other hand, degenerative meniscus tears develop over many years due to constant loading and are seen in the older population.
Conservative treatment of the meniscus includes physical therapy and kinesitherapy, while surgical treatment requires meniscus repairs or meniscectomy. Meniscectomy contributes to a faster recovery and is the primary treatment method for athletes. The reutrn to sports is after one month. Meniscus repairs requires a longer and more complex recovery, thereby delaying the return to sporting activities.
The rehabilitation of a person after meniscus repairs consists of three phases. It begins on the first day after the surgery with physical agents. Exercises include isometric, strengthening, stretching, balance, and proprioception activities. Each phase has specific criteria that must be met to advance to the next phase. A person returning to sports performs specific tests before returning to the field.
This work will present a rehabilitation program for physically active individuals after meniscus repairs
Utjecaj nošenja standardne policijske opreme na povećanu pojavu asimetrije u hodu i stajanju kod pristupnika temeljne policije Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske
No full textAim The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to determine if standard police equipment affects the increase in walking and standing asymmetry. Regarding the primary objective, three specific objectives were established for three independent studies (Study 1, Study 2 and Study 3). Study 1 aims to assess whether standard police equipment affects the increase in asymmetry in the spatio-temporal parameters of the basic gait of police officers. Study 2 aimed to assess whether the standard police equipment affects the increase in the asymmetry of the forces and the pressures under the front, the middle and the back of the foot of the basic police. Study 3 aims to evaluate whether the standard police equipment affects the increased display of asymmetry during the stay of the basic police.
Study 1 methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited police recruits who were part of a one-year academy training program intended to become part of the Croatian police service. Typically, a police academy recruits between 750 and 1000 people each year. 900 police recruits were screened and selected to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria strictly stipulate that all participants must be free of acute or chronic locomotor and mental diseases, which could prevent them from participating in the study. Exclusion criteria included participants suffering from locomotor disease (injury) or mental illness (depression or other illness) and who were ill at the time of the study. To analyse the spatial parameters of gait, we used the Zebris pedobarographic platform (FDM; GmbH, Munich, Germany). This advanced device includes 11,264 sensors with a sampling rate of 100 Hz and a sensor area of 149 cm × 54.2 cm. Its main function is to capture, process and produce gait characteristics in dynamic (lying) and static (resting) conditions. All procedures were anonymous and compliant in the Declaration of Helsinki. In addition, all participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study. This study was approved by the Ministry of the Interior and Police Academy "Josip Jovic" and the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia (ethics code number: 511-01-128 -23-1).
Study 1 results Compared to the “no load” condition, a standardized load of 3.5 kg/7.5 kg/10 kg was administered. A load of 7 lb significantly increased asymmetries in the spatial parameters of gait, as follows: heavy gait phases (mean difference = 1.05), load response (mean difference = 0.31), single member support (mean difference = 0.31), single limb support (mean diff. = 0.56), pre-swing (average change = 0.22) and swing (average change = 0. 90), while no significant asymmetry was observed in leg rotation, step length and stride length. For gait time parameters, we observed a significant asymmetry in stride time (mean difference = -0.01), while no difference was observed in walking cadence and speed.
Study 1 conclusions Results indicate that the additional fee of 3. 5 kg / 7.7 lb are more likely to increase the asymmetries in the spatial components of the gait cycle, compared to the temporal parameters. Thus, external policing can have dangerous effects by increasing the general asymmetry of the body, which can lead to a higher risk of injury and reduced performance to perform specific daily tasks.
Study 2 method The sample of respondents for Study 2 was determined in Study 1 (see detailed information in Study 1). The absolute values of ground reaction forces and plantar pressures under different regions of the foot were evaluated with a pedobarographic platform (Zebris FDM). Skewness was calculated as (xright - xleft) / 0.5 × (xright + xleft) × 100%, where the term "x" denotes a specific parameterbeing computed, and if it is closer to 0, the value of x is more reflective.
Study 2 results Significant differences in ground reaction forces and plantar pressures between the left and right foot were observed when a "3.5 kg load" was added. Compared to the “no load” condition, carrying a “3.5 kg load” resulted in an increase in ground reaction force and plantar pressure. The load of 3.5 kg significantly increased the gait asymmetries for the peak ground reaction forces under the forefoot (ES = 0.29), midfoot (ES = 0) and hindfoot (ES = 0, 19) regions). For plantar pressure peaks, only the asymmetry under the midfoot region increased significantly (ES = 0.19).
Study 2 conclusion The results of this study show that a "3.5 kg load" significantly increases the ground reaction force and the asymmetry of the forefoot and midfoot pressure compared to the condition " without charge". Due to higher loads, increased kinetic gait asymmetry may have negative effects on future pain and discomfort in the leg region, possibly causing stress fractures and deviant gait biomechanics in police recruits.
Study 3 method The sample of respondents for Study 3 was determined in Study 1 (see detailed information in Study 1). The characteristics of the leg in a standing position were assessed with the Zebris FDM pedobarographic pressure platform.
Study 3 results Carrying a load of 3.5 kg significantly increased the area of the 95% confidence ellipse (Δ = 15.0%, p = 0.009), the path length of the centre of pressure (Δ = 3.3%, p = 0.009). 023) and the average speed (Δ = 11.1%, p = 0.014), the length of the minor axis (Δ = 8.2%, p 0.002). 05).
Study 3 conclusions The results of suggest that the spatial and temporal parameters of the foot may be more sensitive to change during the transport of heavy loads, especially the characteristics of the centre of pressure.Cilj Glavni cilj ovog doktorskog rada je utvrditi utječe li standardna policijska oprema na povećanje asimetrije hodanja i stajanja. Što se tiče primarnog cilja, utvrđena su tri specifična cilja za tri neovisne studije (Studija 1, Studija 2 i Studija 3). Studija 1 ima za cilj procijeniti utječe li standardna policijska oprema na povećanje asimetrije u prostorno-vremenskim parametrima osnovnog hoda policijskih službenika. Studija 2 imala je za cilj procijeniti utječe li standardna policijska oprema na povećanje asimetrije sila i pritisaka ispod prednjeg, srednjeg i stražnjeg dijela stopala temeljne policije. Studija 3 ima za cilj utvrditi utječe li standardna policijska oprema na povećanu pojavu asimetrije tijekom stajanja službenika temeljne policije.
Metode Studije 1 U ovoj presječnoj studiji regrutirali smo policijske novake koji su bili dio jednogodišnjeg programa obuke u akademiji s namjerom da postanu dio hrvatske policijske službe. Obično policijska akademija svake godine regrutira između 750 i 1000 ljudi. 900 policijskih novaka pregledano je i odabrano za sudjelovanje u studiji. Kriteriji uključivanja strogo propisuju da svi sudionici ne smiju imati akutne ili kronične lokomotorne i psihičke bolesti koje bi ih mogle spriječiti u sudjelovanju u istraživanju. Kriteriji za isključenje podrazumijevali su sudionike koji pate od bolesti lokomotornog sustava (ozljeda) ili mentalne bolesti (depresija ili druga bolest) i koji su bili bolesni u vrijeme istraživanja. Za analizu prostornih parametara hoda koristili smo pedobarografsku platformu Zebris (FDM; GmbH, München, Njemačka). Ovaj uređaj uključuje 11.264 senzora s brzinom uzorkovanja od 100 Hz i površinom senzora od 149 cm × 54.2 cm. Njegova glavna funkcija je prikupljanje, obrada i opis karakteristika hoda u dinamičkim (kretački) i statičkim (mirujući) uvjetima. Svi postupci bili su anonimni i u skladu s Helsinškom deklaracijom. Osim toga, svi su sudionici dali pisani informirani pristanak za sudjelovanje u studiji. Studiju su odobrili Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova i Policijska akademija "Josip Jović" i Etičko povjerenstvo Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska (etički kod broj: 511-01-128 -23-1).
Rezultati studije 1 U usporedbi sa stanjem "bez opterećenja", primijenjeno je standardizirano opterećenje od 3.5 kg/7.5 kg/10 kg. Opterećenje od 7 lb značajno je povećalo asimetrije u prostornim parametrima hoda, kako slijedi: faze pojačanog hoda (srednja razlika = 1.05), odgovor na opterećenje (srednja razlika = 0.31), faza potpore jednog ekstremiteta (srednja razlika = 0.31), faza potpore jedne noge (srednja razlika = 0.56), predzamah (prosječna promjena = 0.22) i faza zamaha (prosječna promjena = 0.90), dok nije zabilježena značajna asimetrija u rotaciji donjeg ekstremiteta, duljina koraka i duljina dvokoraka. Za parametre vremena hoda, uočili smo značajnu asimetriju u vremenu koraka (srednja razlika = -0.01), dok nije primijećena razlika u kadenci i brzini hoda.
Zaključci studije 1. Rezultati pokazuju da dodatno opterećenje od 3,5 kg / 7,7 lb vjerojatnije povećava asimetrije u prostornim komponentama ciklusa hoda u usporedbi s vremenskim parametrima. Vanjsko opterećenje može imati negativne učinke povećanjem ukupne asimetrije tijela, što može dovesti do povećanog rizika ozljeda te smanjene sposobnosti za obavljanje specifičnih svakodnevnih zadataka.
Metoda Studije 2 Uzorak ispitanika za Studiju 2 određen je u Studiji 1 (pogledajte detaljne informacije u Studiji 1). Apsolutne vrijednosti sila reakcije podloge i plantarnih pritisaka pod različitim regijama stopala opisane su pedobarografskom platformom (Zebris FDM). Asimetrija je izračunata prema formuli (xdesno - xlijevo) / 0.5 × (xdesno + xlijevo) × 100%, pri čemu pojam "x" označava specifičan parametar koji se računa, a što je vrijednost bliža 0, to je parameter više stvaran.
Rezultati studije 2 Značajne razlike u silama reakcije podloge i plantarnom pritisku između lijevog i desnog stopala zabilježene su pri dodatku opterećenja od 3,5 kg. U usporedbi sa stanjem bez opterećenja, nošenje opterećenja od 3,5 kg rezultiralo je povećanjem sila reakcije podloge i plantarnog pritiska. Opterećenje od 3,5 kg značajno je povećalo asimetrije hoda u vršnim silama reakcije podloge ispod prednjeg dijela stopala (ES = 0,29), srednjeg dijela stopala (ES = 0) i stražnjeg dijela stopala (ES = 0,19). Što se tiče vršnih vrijednosti plantarnog pritiska, značajno je porasla samo asimetrija ispod srednjeg dijela stopala (ES = 0,19).
Zaključak studije 2 Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da opterećenje od 3,5 kg značajno povećava sile reakcije podloge te asimetriju pritiska prednjeg i srednjeg dijela stopala u usporedbi sa stanjem bez opterećenja. Zbog većih opterećenja, povećana kinetička asimetrija hoda može imati negativne učinke na pojavu bolove i nelagodu u području donjih ekstremiteta, potencijalno uzrokujući stres frakture i odstupanja u biomehanici hoda kod novih policijskih službenika.
Metoda Studije 3 Uzorak ispitanika za Studiju 3 određen je u Studiji 1 (pogledajte detaljne informacije u Studiji 1). Karakteristike nogu u stojećem položaju procijenjene su pomoću pedobarografske platforme Zebris FDM za mjerenje pritiska.
Rezultati studije 3 Nošenje opterećenja od 3,5 kg značajno je povećalo površinu 95%-tnog intervala pouzdanosti elipse (Δ = 15,0%, p = 0,009), duljinu puta središta pritiska (Δ = 3,3%, p = 0,023) i prosječnu brzinu (Δ = 11,1%, p = 0,014), duljinu manje osi (Δ = 8,2%, p 0,005).
Zaključci Studije 3 Rezultati sugeriraju da prostorni i vremenski parametri stopala mogu biti osjetljiviji na promjene tijekom prenošenja tereta, osobito karakteristike središta pritiska
ENTREPRENEURIAL PROJECT OF OPENING A FITNESS CENTRE IN THE CITY OF PULA
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je analizirati isplativost otvaranja fitnes centra na području grada Pule. Analizom tržišta ispitani su nedostatci postojećih fitnes centara kako bi se minimizirale pogreške u vlastitom poslovanju. Kroz sastavnice poduzetničkog plana nastojala se utvrditi financijska opravdanost ovog projekta te su prikazane potrebne investicije, troškovi i projekcije prihoda. Prikaz cjelovitog poslovnog plana omogućit će uspješno pokretanje i održivost fitnes centra, pružajući temelje za daljnji razvoj i rast u konkurentnom tržišnom okruženju.The aim of this thesis was to analyze the profitability of opening a fitness center in the city of Pula. A market analysis was conducted to identify the shortcomings of existing fitness centers to minimize potential mistakes in one’s own business operations. Through the components of the entrepreneurial plan, an effort was made to determine the financial feasibility of this project, along with the necessary investments, costs, and revenue projections. The presentation of a comprehensive business plan will enable the successful launch and sustainability of the fitness center, providing a foundation for further development and growth in a competitive market environment
Determining factors related to the success of beginner skiers in ski school
No full textSkijanje, kao specifičan oblik tjelesne aktivnosti, ima značajnu ulogu u razvoju djece. Ovaj rad istražuje ulogu skijanja u tjelesnom, emocionalnom i socijalnom razvoju djece te analizira čimbenike koji utječu na uspješnost učenja osnovnih skijaških tehnika. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na povezanost skijanja i cjelovitog razvoja djeteta, uključujući motoričke, psihološke i socijalne aspekte. Rad također razmatra izazove i specifičnosti ovog sporta te čimbenike poput motivacije, straha, dobi i kompetencija učitelja skijanja. Istraživanje je provedeno u obliku anketnog upitnika između 84 roditelja djece koja su pohađala školu skijanja, s ciljem dobivanja uvida u psihološke i socijalne čimbenike povezane s napretkom njihovog djeteta. Rezultati pokazuju da većina djece (72,6 %) izrazito uživa u učenju skijaških vještina, dok njih 70,2 % pokazuje visoku motivaciju za napredovanje. Istovremeno, 96,4 % roditelja smatra da njihovo dijete skija prvenstveno zbog izazova, a ne zbog zabave. Kao ključni čimbenici u napretku istaknuti su samopouzdanje djeteta i podrška iz okoline, dok je strah identificiran kao česta prepreka, osobito kod mlađe djece. Roditelji pritom ističu da se strah može uspješno prevladati uz pozitivan pristup i stručno vodstvo. Zaključci rada mogu poslužiti kao korisne smjernice učiteljima i trenerima skijanja u osmišljavanju pristupa koji potiče unutarnju motivaciju te minimizira negativne psihološke čimbenike kod djece.Skiing, as a specific form of physical activity, plays an important role in children's development. This paper explores the role of skiing in the physical, emotional, and social development of children and analyzes the factors influencing the success of learning basic skiing techniques. Special emphasis is placed on the connection between skiing and the overall development of the child, including motor, psychological, and social aspects. The paper also addresses the challenges and specific features of this sport, focusing on factors such as motivation, fear, age, and the competence of ski instructors. The research was conducted through a survey questionnaire among 84 parents of children who attended a ski school, with the aim of gaining insight into the psychological and social factors related to their child’s progress. The results show that the majority of children (72.6%) greatly enjoy learning skiing skills, and 70.2% demonstrate high motivation to improve. At the same time, 96.4% of parents believe that their child engages in skiing primarily as a challenge rather than for fun. Key factors in progress were identified as the child’s self-confidence and environmental support, while fear was recognized as a common obstacle, particularly among younger children. However, parents emphasize that fear can be successfully overcome through a positive approach and professional guidance. The conclusions of the study may serve as useful guidelines for ski instructors and coaches in designing approaches that foster intrinsic motivation and minimize negative psychological factors in children
BASKETBALL COACH AS THE KEY TO GOOD COMMUNICATION
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se komunikacijskim vještinama u suvremenom društvu koje su potrebne trenerima u sportu. Komunikacija se prikazuje kao ključan alat trenerske prakse, ne samo u prenošenju tehničko – taktičkih znanja, već i u izgradnji međuljudskih odnosa, motivaciji sportaša, uspjehu i upravljanju emocionalno nabijenim situacijama. Treneri u suvremenom društvu sudjeluju u svim oblicima komunikacije – intrapersonalnoj, interpersonalnoj, komunikaciji u maloj grupi, javnoj te masovnoj komunikaciji. Uspješnost trenerskog posla uvelike ovisi o interpersonalnoj komunikaciji tj. interakciji između trenera i sportaša, ali u suvremenom društvu se nikako ne smiju zanemariti ni ostali vidovi komunikacije, koji se ne mogu izbjeći. Treneri s razvijenim komunikacijskim vještinama su učinkovitiji u rješavanju sukoba, motiviranju igrača i prijenosu taktičko - taktičkih informacija, što u konačnici rezultira boljim momčadskim rezultatom
U teorijskom dijelu rada obrađeni su osnovi pojmovi i oblici komunikacije, važnosti intrapersonalne, interpersonalne, komunikacije u maloj grupi, javnoj i masovnoj komunikaciji općenito, važnost emocionalne inteligencije te specifičnosti komunikacije u sportskom kontekstu kao važne komponente u prenošenju poruka i održavanju autoriteta trenera kao lidera momčadi.
U istraživačkom dijelu analizirana je komunikacija triju hrvatskih trenera: Ante Nazora, Josipa Sesara i Marijana Bagarića, kroz njihove javne nastupe. Cilj je bio prikazati na koji način različiti stilovi javne komunikacije utječu na percepciju trenera, atmosferu unutar momčadi i komunikaciju s medijima i publikom i gdje još postoji prostora za napredak da bi se mogle odrediti smjernice daljnjeg razvoja ove profesije.
Rezultati pokazuju kako su autentičnost, jasnoća izražavanja i kontrola neverbalnih signala ključni za uspješnu komunikaciju trenera. Zaključno, komunikacijske vještine nisu urođene, već ih se može razvijati i nadograđivati, što ih čini neizostavnim dijelom obrazovanja i profesionalnog razvoja svakog sportskog trenera.This thesis examines the communication skills required by sports coaches in modern society. Communication is presented as a key tool in coaching practice—not only for transmitting technical and tactical knowledge, but also for building interpersonal relationships, motivating athletes, achieving success, and managing emotionally charged situations. Coaches in contemporary society engage in all forms of communication: intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and mass communication. The success of coaching largely depends on interpersonal communication, i.e. the interaction between the coach and the athlete, but other forms of communication, which are increasingly unavoidable, must not be neglected either.
Coaches with well-developed communication skills are more effective in resolving conflicts, motivating players, and delivering tactical information, which ultimately leads to better team performance.
The theoretical part of the thesis addresses the basic concepts and forms of communication, the importance of intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and mass communication, the role of emotional intelligence, and the specific features of communication within the sports context as a vital component in message delivery and in maintaining the coach’s authority as a team leader.
The research section analyses the communication of three Croatian coaches, Ante Nazor, Josip Sesar, and Marijan Bagarić, based on their public appearances. The goal was to show how different styles of public communication affect the perception of the coach, the atmosphere within the team, and communication with the media and the public, as well as to identify areas for improvement that could guide further development of the profession.
The results indicate that authenticity, clarity of expression, and control of non-verbal signals are crucial for successful coaching communication. In conclusion, communication skills are not innate but can be developed and enhanced, making them an essential part of the education and professional development of every sports coach
OCCUPATIONAL KINESIOLOGY: Correct Posture and Movement Habits and Exercises with the Aim of Preserving the Health of the Musculoskeletal System of Administrative Workers
No full textThe manual presents educational material intended for students and graduate kinesiologists, occupational safety professionals, ergonomics specialists, occupational health and safety specialists, doctors, and all other professionals who participate in the occupational health and safety system of administrative workers. The main purpose of this manual is to systematically distinguish the most common incorrect and correct movement patterns when performing various work tasks at the workplace of administrative workers. The manual is also easy to understand by end users, i.e. administrative workers. One of the most significant characteristics of administrative workers’ work tasks is working at the computer. Today, almost everyone works at the computer. Children in school, students, and workers work at the computer in a large number of professions. Therefore, this manual is intended for a large number of people and professions. The occupational kinesiology exclusively promotes the daily application of natural forms of movement, i.e. functional patterns of human locomotion, because they are safe for health and economical with regard to energy consumption. Natural forms of movement such as walking, lifting, lowering, turning, sitting, getting up, etc. make up for an indispensable segment of this manual. The positions and movements described in this manual represent the application of basic movement structures of natural forms of movement in the daily life of administrative workers, pupils, students, and persons of other professions who in everyday life sit, work at a computer, rotate, get up, walk, etc. Occupational Kinesiology – Correct Posture and Movement Habits and Exercises with the Aim of Preserving the Health of the Musculoskeletal System of Administrative Workers is based on the results of scientific researchOccupational Kinesiology – Connection of Posture and Movement Habits and Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Disorders of Administrative Workers carried out within the project Development of e-learning systems, management and monitoring of occupational safety under the European Social Fund. This manual presents a concrete application of the blend of a scientific and professional knowledge aimed at effective primary prevention of musculoskeletal disorders caused by incorrect mechanics of movement and work of administrative workers. For details on the results of this scientific research, see Chapter 6. Results of research in the field of occupational kinesiology of administrative workers. The most common correct and incorrect postural movements habits and exercises for effective prevention of musculoskeletal diseases in this manual are described in text, pictures, and videos. By activating links and/or scanning QR codes, it is possible to instantly display videos
Differences in the Level of Motor Skills Knowledge Acquisition Among Students Led by Different Educators
No full textPrimarni je cilj ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi razlike u razini usvojenosti motoričkih znanja učenika koji sudjeluju u standardnom programu Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture (TZK) pod vodstvom magistra primarnog obrazovanja i učenika koji sudjeluju u eksperimentalnom programu „Osnovna škola kao cjelodnevna škola“ pod vodstvom magistra kineziologije. Sekundarni je cilj bio utvrditi razlike u kinantropološkim obilježjima između učenika u dva različita programa TZK-a. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 79 ispitanika koji su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine. Kontrolnu skupinu ispitanika (G-1) činili su učenici iz standardnog programa pod vodstvom magistra primarnog obrazovanja, a eksperimentalnu skupinu (G-2) činili su učenici iz eksperimentalnog programa pod vodstvom magistra kineziologije. Provedena su dva mjerenja, inicijalno i finalno, u razmaku od tri mjeseca u kojima se ocjenjivala usvojenost motoričkih znanja kolut naprijed, kolut natrag, trčanje iz visokog starta do 40 m, pretklon u zglobu kuka poznatiji kao hip hinge i čučanj. Iz područja kinantropoloških obilježja provedena su mjerenja visine tijela, tjelesne mase, opsega struka, skoka u dalj s mjesta i stiska šake. Rezultati su pokazali da su učenici eksperimentalne skupine (G-2) ostvarili statistički značajniji napredak u usvojenosti svih motoričkih znanja. Tijekom tromjesečnog razdoblja, učenici koji sudjeluju u standardnom programu ostvarili su statistički značajno veći napredak u varijablama stiska šake i maksimalnog primitka kisika u odnosu na učenike koji sudjeluju u eksperimentalnom programu, dok su učenici u eksperimentalnom programu ostvarili veći rezultat u varijabli skok u dalj s mjesta, ali bez statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na učenike u standardnom programu. Ovo istraživanje naglašava potrebu za sustavnom integracijom kineziologa u primarno obrazovanje kao ključan korak prema povećanju razine tjelesne aktivnosti i motoričke kompetencije učenika. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao osnova za razmatranje uvođenja kineziologa u primarno obrazovanje. Preporučuje se provođenje longitudinalnog istraživanja koje bi detaljno istražilo učinke eksperimentalnog programa, uključujući ostale aspekte razvoja učenika. Time bi se omogućilo sveobuhvatno sagledavanje utjecaja eksperimentalnog programa ne samo na motorički razvoj i kompetencije, već i na cjelokupan razvoj učenika.The primary aim of this study was to determine the differences in the level of motor skill acquisition between students in a standard program led by a master of primary education and students in an extended program (full-day school) program led by a master of kinesiology. The secondary aim was to identify differences in kinanthropological characteristics between students in these two distinct programs. The study involved 79 subjects divided into two groups. The control group (G-1) consisted of students in the standard program led by a master of primary education, while the experimental group (G-2) comprised students in the full-day school program led by a master of kinesiology. Two measurements were conducted, initial and final, with a three-month interval, assessing the acquisition of motor skills including forward roll, backward roll, 40-meter sprint from a standing start, squat and hip hinge. Kinanthropometric measurements included body height, body mass, waist circumference, standing long jump, and handgrip strength. Results indicated that students in the experimental group (G-2) achieved statistically significant improvements in the acquisition of all motor skills. Over the three-month period, students in the standard program demonstrated statistically significant greater progress in handgrip strength and maximal oxygen uptake compared to full-day school students. Conversely, full-day school students achieved higher results in the standing long jump, although the difference was not statistically significant compared to the control group. This research emphasizes the necessity for systematic integration of kinesiologists in primary education as a crucial step towards increasing students physical activity levels and motor competence. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for considering the introduction of kinesiologists in primary education. It is recommended to conduct a longitudinal study to thoroughly investigate the effects of the full-day program, including other aspects of student development. This would enable a comprehensive examination of the impact of the experimental full-day school program not only on motor development and competencies but also on the overall development of students
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE ELEMENTARY GAMES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE MOTOR SKILLS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
No full textIgra i želja za igranjem sastavni su dio čovjekove prirode, a posebice u razdoblju djetinjstva. Optimalni utjecaj na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti i održavanje istih u godinama koje slijede, moguće je poticati već u predškolskoj i školskoj dobi djece primjenom različitih elementarnih igara. Motoričke sposobnosti koje se primjenom elementarnih igara razvijaju su: brzina, jakost i snaga, izdržljivost, fleksibilnost, koordinacija, preciznost i ravnoteža. Dječja igra ispunjava važne razvojne elemente, a tjelesna je aktivnost jedan od temeljnih preduvjeta za optimalni rast i razvoj te ima iznimni utjecaj na zdravlje djece. Djeca koja su tjelesno aktivna, boljih su kognitivnih i socio-emocionalnih obilježja. Igrom dijete razvija određene vještine i osjećaje samostalnosti, sigurnosti i samokontrole te jača samopouzdanje. U radu su navedena osnovna obilježja motoričkih sposobnosti, te opis elementarnih igara primjerenih za razvoj i održavanje bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti s obzirom na dob djece.Play and the desire to play are integral parts of human nature, especially in childhood. The optimal influence on the development of motor skills and their maintenance in the following years can be encouraged already in preschool and school-age children by using various elementary games. Motor abilities that are developed through the application of elementary games are: speed, strength and power, endurance, flexibility, coordination, precision and balance. Children's play fulfills important developmental elements, and physical activity is one of the basic prerequisites for optimal growth and development and has an exceptional impact on children's health. Children who are physically active have better cognitive and socio-emotional characteristics. Through play, the child develops certain skills and feelings of independence, security and self-control, and strengthens self-confidence. In the paper, the basic characteristics of motor skills are listed, as well as a description of elementary games appropriate for the development and maintenance of motor skills, considering the age of children
KICKBOXING AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT SELF-PERCEPTION
No full textTema rada je kickboxing kao prostor razvoja slike o sebi kod adolescenata. U teorijskom dijelu rada daje se uvid o slici o sebi, adolescenciji kao razvojnom razdoblju i kickboxingu. U istraživačkom dijelu rada, cilj je bio utvrditi kakvu sliku o sebi imaju polaznici kickboxinga i utvrditi razlike s obzirom na spol i dob adolescenata, te ispitati kakvu sliku o sebi imaju adolescenti koji se bave kickboxingom u domenama sportska kompetencija i tjelesni izgled. Postupak istraživanja bio je anketiranje, a primijenjeni instrument upitnik „The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents“ iz 2010. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 33 ispitanika, polaznika kikcboxing kluba „Spartan gym“, od kojih je 24 adolescenta i 9 adolescentica. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja ne pokazuju da postoje značajne razlike u procjeni slike o sebi na određenim dimenzijama kod adolescenata s obzirom na spol i dob, no pokazuju bolje rezultate u domeni sportska kompetencija u usporedbi s dosadašnjim istraživanjima. Osim toga, dobiveni rezultati pružaju i općeniti uvid u sliku o sebi kod adolescenata koji se bave kickboxingom pri čemu se može uočiti da ima i pozitivnih procjena na dimenzijama slike o sebi, ali i negativnih. Ističe se potreba za daljnjim istraživanja radi točnijih rezultata.The topic of this thesis is kickboxing as an environment for development of adolescents self-perception. The theoretical part of the paper provides an overview of the concept of self-image, adolescence as a developmental stage, and kickboxing.The research section aimed to examine how adolescents involved in kickboxing perceive their self-image and to determine whether there are differences based on gender and age, furthermore, to examine how adolescents who practice kickboxing perceive their self-image in the domains of sports competence and physical appearance.The research method was a survey and the instrument used was the “Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents” from 2010. A total of 33 participants took part in the study, all members of the kickboxing club “Spartan gym,” including 24 male and 9 female adolescents.The results of the study did not indicate significant gender or age differences in self-image across specific dimensions. However, the participants showed higher scores in the domain of sports competence compared to findings in previous research. The findings offer a general insight into the self-perception of adolescents who practice kickboxing, revealing both positive and negative evaluations across various dimensions. The results underline the importance of further research in order to obtain more precise and comprehensive conclusions
The impact of climate change in the mountains on the functioning of ski centers
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja i dostupne literature spoznati koliko velik utjecaj klimatske promjene u planinskim lancima diljem svijeta imaju na rad i održavanje skijaških centara. Isto tako i proučiti alternativna rješenja i kakvoću tih rješenja uzevši u obzir buduće emisije i daljnje klimatske promjene koje već i sada znatno narušavaju rad skijaških centara i skraćuju skijaške sezone iz godine u godinu. Gledajući posljednjih 50 godina skijaška sezona već se skratila za 30 do 40 dana što je značajno. Kako bi se spriječio daljnji utjecaj klimatskih promjena i smanjile emisije na minimalne razine, svjetske nacije su 2015. potpisale Pariški sporazum o klimatskim promjenama. Mnoge metode kojima se pokušava smanjiti globalno zatopljene u planinama u skladu su sa Pariškim sporazumom. Ovisno o jačini emisija stakleničkih plinova postoje razne prognoze za trajanje skijaške sezone do kraja stoljeća te funkcioniranja ili čak obustave rada skijališta ovisno o nadmorskim visinama na kojima se nalaze. Prosječna snježna granica podići će se za 150 metara za svaki stupanj zagrijavanja što bi značilo da će niža skijališta u konačnici morati prestati sa radom. Veliki problem stvara se kod odabira lokacija domaćina budućih Olimpijskih igara. Sve manje prirodnog snijega na mnogim skijalištima iziskuje umjetno zasnježivanje. To je već dugo korištena metoda koja omogućava normalno održavanje skijaške sezone te bi budući napredak u tehnologiji sustava zasnježivanja mogao omogućiti daljnje održavanje skijaške sezone u narednim godinama. Najveća mana tih sustava su velika uporaba resursa te financijski izdatci. Umjetne podloge kao i zatvorena skijališta neke su od alternativa koje se već koriste dugi niz godina koje bi u budućnosti učinile skijanje sportom neovisnim o godišnjim dobima, iako se znatno razlikuju od skijanja u prirodnim uvjetima na prirodnom snijegu i sviježem zraku. Najizglednije rješenje ako se nastave trenutačne emisije bit će širenje ponude centara na sva godišnja doba raznim ljetnim i proljetnim aktivnostima (biciklizam, planinarenje i drugi) kako bi se uspio održati rad centara i osigurati uspješnost ekonomije lokalnih zajednica.The aim of this thesis is to understand, based on previous research and available literature, how big of an impact climate change in mountain ranges around the world has on the operation and maintenance of ski resorts. Also, explore alternative solutions and the quality of those solutions, taking into account future emissions and further climate change, which are already significantly disrupting the operation of ski resorts and shortening ski seasons year by year. Looking at the last 50 years, the ski season has already been shortened by 30 to 40 days, which is very significant. In order to prevent further impacts of climate change and reduce emissions to minimal levels, world's nations signed the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015. Many methods that are used to reduce global warming in the mountain regions are in accordance with the Paris Agreement. Depending on intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, there are various predicitons for the duration of the ski season by the end of the century and the functioning or even possible closing of ski resorts, depending on the altitudes at which they are located. The average snow line will rise by 150 meters for every degree of temperature rising, which would mean that lower ski resorts would eventually have to close. A major problem arises when choosing the host locations for future Olympic Games. Decrease of natural snow in many ski resorts necessitates for artificial snowmaking. This has long been a method used to keep the ski season going, also future advances in snowmaking technology could allow the season to continue in the coming years. The biggest lack of these systems is the high use of resources and financial outputs. Artificial surfaces as well as indoor ski resorts are some of the alternatives that are already beeing used for many years which would in the future make skiing a sport independent of the seasons, although they are significantly different from skiing in natural conditions, on natural snow and fresh air. The most likely solution, if current emissions continue, will be to diversify the offer of centers for all seasons with various summer and spring activities (cycling, hiking, etc.) in order to maintain the operation of the centers and ensure the economic success of local communities