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Opportunities to finance entrepreneurship in The European Union
Završni radu temeljen je na analiziranju poduzetničkih mogućnosti u okvirima Europske unije. Poduzetnički pothvati jedan su od glavnih pokretača gospodarskog rasta i jačanja zemlje. Europsku uniju čini zajednica zemalja koje ispunjavaju ciljeve i zadatke propisane od strane Unije. Ključ uspjeha zajednice je međusobna suradnja i integracija, a jedan od ciljeva je upravo jačanje poduzetništva. Zajednica velikim brojem fondova potiče ulazak u poduzetnički pothvat, a svoja financijska sredstva usmjerava ka subvenciji ulaska u poslovni pothvat, ali i ka inoviranju i proširivanju postojećih poduzetničkih aktivnosti svih veličina i područja djelovanja. Ciljevi ovog rada su mnogobrojni no jedan od glavnih ciljeva je čitatelju pobliže vizualizirati ulogu Europskih strukturnih i investicijskih fondova u sklopu financiranja poduzetničkih aktivnosti i ulaganja.The final work is based on analyzing entrepreneurial opportunities within the framework of the European Union. Entrepreneurial ventures are one of the main drivers of economic growth and the strengthening of the country. The European Union is a community of countries fulfilling the objectives and tasks stipulated by the Union. The key to community success is mutual cooperation and integration, and one of the goals is to strengthen entrepreneurship. The community encourages a large number of funds to enter an entrepreneurial venture and directs its financial resources to the subsidies of entry into the business venture, but also to innovating and expanding existing entrepreneurial activities of all sizes and areas of activity. The objectives of this work are numerous but one of the main objectives is to further visualize the role of European structural and investment funds as part of the financing of entrepreneurial activities and investments
Non-destructive testing in the steam boiler tube bundle repair procedure
U radu su opisane kontrole bez razaranja koje se provode prilikom popravaka cijevnog snopa parnog kotla, instaliranog na postrojenju za proizvodnju amonijaka u tvornici mineralnih gnojiva Petrokemija d.d. Kutina. Neplanirani kvar cijevnog snopa, kao vitalnog dijela parnog kotla dovodi do zastoja rada cijelog postrojenja, čime nastaju veliki gubici u proizvodnji.
Kontrole bez razaranja prilikom popravka cijevnog snopa provodi kvalificirano i certificirano osoblje prema definiranom planu kontrole kvalitete te sukladno odgovarajućim normama i propisanim kriterijima prihvatljivosti. Kvalitetu popravka cijevnog snopa osiguravaju i potvrđuju kontrole bez razaranja, čime se u konačnici ostvaruje siguran i pouzdan rad parnog kotla u procesu proizvodnje.This paper describes the non-destructive testing carried out during the repairs of the tube bundle of the steam boiler installed at the ammonia production plant of the fertilizer factory Petrokemija d.d. Kutina. Unplanned failure of the tube bundle, as a vital part of the steam boiler, leads to downtime of the entire plant, which results in large losses in production.
Non-destructive testing during the repair of the tube bundle is performed by qualified and certified personnel according to the defined quality control plan, and in accordance with the appropriate standards and prescribed acceptance criteria. The quality of the tube bundle repair is ensured and confirmed by non-destructive testing, which ultimately achieves safe and reliable operation of the steam boiler in the production process
Volunteers in Sport in Croatia
U radu su analizirani volonteri koji su jedni od četiri vrste sportskih potrošača. Objašnjeno je koja je njihova povezanost sa sportom te način na koji oni pridonose sportu, ali također i sport volonterima. Specifičan cilj ovoga rada je bio analizirati djelatnost volontera u sportu u Republici Hrvatskoj. Teorijska analiza je pokazala kako su volonteri u sportu jako bitni potrošači sportske djelatnosti. Oni ulaganjem svojih vještina i znanja u velikoj mjeri pomažu obavljati poslove prilikom organizacija raznih sportskih događaja. Analizom podataka, prikazano je sudjelovanje volontera na Europskim sveučilišnim igrama Zagreb – Rijeka 2016. Također je putem on-line upitnika provedeno istraživanje o volontiranju u sportu.. Kroz anketiranje ispitanika utvrđeno je kako je veliki broj ispitanika upoznato sa pojmom volontiranja te bi se htjeli okušati u njemu, a određeni broj je već sudjelovao u takvim aktivnostima. Rezultati analize ukazuju na to da bi se trebalo poticati volontiranje u sportskoj djelatnosti jer pozitivno utječe sportska natjecanja ili druge sportske aktivnosti, ali također i osobe koje volontiraju imaju velike koristi.The paper analyzes volunteers who are one of the four types of sports consumers. The paper explains their connection with sports and the way in which they contribute to sports, but also to sports volunteers. The specific goal of this paper was to analyze the activities of volunteers in sports in the Republic of Croatia. Theoretical analysis has shown that volunteers in sports are very important consumers of sports activities. By investing their skills and knowledge, they greatly help to perform tasks when organizing various sports events. Data analysis shows the participation of volunteers in the European University Games Zagreb - Rijeka 2016. Also, an online questionnaire conducted research on volunteering in sports. The survey found that a large number of respondents are familiar with the concept of volunteering and would like to try it, and a number have already participated in such activities. The results of the analysis indicate that volunteering in sports should be encouraged because it positively affects sports competitions or other sports activities, but also people who volunteer have great benefits
Life cycle of Karlovac brewery products
Karlovačka pivovara je pivovara sa dugom tradicijom. Trenutno je druga pivovara na
hrvatskom tržištu, a od 2003. godine pripada grupaciji Heineken. U ovom radu govori se o
životnom ciklusu njenih proizvoda. Životni ciklus proizvoda ima četiri faze – fazu uvođenja,
fazu rasta, fazu zrelosti i fazu opadanja. Svaka od ovih faza ima svoje karakteristike, ali ono što
je neizbježno je prolazak kroz svaku od tih faza. Teorija životnog ciklusa proizvoda temelji se na
teoriji životnog ciklusa čovjeka i u ovom radu će se pobliže objasniti i predstaviti.Karlovac Brewery is a brewery with a long tradition. It is currently the second brewery
on the Croatian market, and since 2003 it has belonged to the Heineken Group. This paper
discusses the life cycle of its products. The product life cycle has four phases - the introduction
phase, the growth phase, the maturity phase and the decline phase. Each of these stages has its
own characteristics, but what is inevitable is going through each of these stages. Product life
cycle theory is based on human life cycle theory and will be explained and presented in more
detail in this paper
Term definition, organization and quality management in public administration and public institutions
U radu se analizira pojmovno određenje i značenje sustava kvalitete, važnost metoda za poboljšanje djelotvornosti kvalitete, pojam, važnost i upravljanje sustavom standardizacije, primjena sustava upravljanja kvalitetom javnih ustanova u Brodsko-posavskoj županiji te se analizira i segment zaštite okoline s aspekta kvalitete.
Pojam kvalitete spominje se i koristi svakodnevno ne samo u poslovnom svijetu nego i sa gledišta svakodnevnoga života. Predstavlja karakteristiku, odnosno specifikaciju koja određuje najveći stupanj uspješnosti u određenom segmentu mjerenja zadovoljenja. Kvaliteta definira stupanj vrijednosti, pouzdanosti i trajnosti nekoga predmeta ili pojave koja će se koristiti i primjenjivati u različitim segmentima te stoga predmeti ili pojave koji predstavljaju naziv „kvaliteta“ moraju imati ili postići najveći stupanj efikasnosti i djelotvornosti.
Upravljanje kvalitetom predstavlja pojam i proces koji organizacija mora svakodnevno i detaljno planirati, organizirati, provoditi i kontrolirati kako bi ostvarili planirane i željene aktivnosti i ciljeve u što kraćem roku, sa što manje problema koji mogu uzrokovati enormne financijske gubitke. Državne uprave i javne ustanove moraju nastojati svakodnevno planirati, provoditi i kontrolirati učinke kvalitete u svim poslovnim jedinicama kako bi na što uspješniji način postigli i održavali stupanj kvalitete koji će omogućiti i pružiti svojim zaposlenicima osjećaj sigurnosti i pripadnosti koji je od velike važnosti.The paper analyzes the conceptual definition and meaning of the quality system, the importance of methods for improving the quality effectiveness, the concept, importance and management of the standardization system, the application of the quality management system of public institutions in the Country of Brod-Posavina and also analyzes the segment of environmental protection from the aspect of quality.
The term quality is mentioned and used on a daily bases, not only in the business world, but also from the point of view of daily life. It represents characteristic, that is the specification, which determines the highest degree of performance and satisfaction in a particular segment of satisfaction measurement. Quality defines the degree of value, reliability and durability of an object or phenomenon that will be used and applied in different segments, and therefore objects or phenomena that represent the name “quality” must have or have the highest degree of efficiency and effectiveness.
Quality management is a concept and process that an organization must plane, organize, implement and control on a daily and detailed bassis to achieve the planned and desired activities and goals as quickly as possible, with as few problems as possible that can cause enormous financial losses. Governments and public institutions must strive to plane, implement and control the quality effects of all business units on a daily bassis in order to achive and maintain a quality level that will enable and provide employees with a sense of security and belonging that is of utmost importance
Analysis of utilization heat energy from a cogeneration plant
Cilj rada je analiza i mogućnosti iskorištenja otpadne energije radi povećanja iskoristivost
kogeneracijskog postrojenja. Analiza iskorištenja toplinske energije je izrađena na kogeneraciji
„Spin Valis“ koja se nalazi u Požegi. Problem kogeneracije je stvaranje velike količine
proizvedene otpadne topline koja se predaje hladnjacima a zatim okolini. Analiza je pokazala da
je najveća količina neiskorištene topline u ljetnim mjesecima dok je u zimskom periodu ta toplina
manja.
Iskorištenjem otpadne topline smanjile bi se količine emisije stakleničkih plinova,
buduće se ne bih koristili drugi energetski energenti. Uz to smanjenje stakleničkih emisija ostvarila
bih se i financijska ušteda jer bi se koristila otpadna toplina umjesto drugih energenata. Načini na
koji bi se mogla iskoristiti otpadna toplina: grijanje stambenih zgrada, kućanstava i poslovnih
prostora s toplinskim podstanicama, korištenje u sušarama pri sušenju, grijanju plastenika. Osim
što se toplinska energija može iskoristiti za grijanje također se može iskoristiti i za hlađenje pri
korištenju apsorpcijskih dizalica topline.The paper aims to emphasize the possibilities of using waste energy to increase the
efficiency of cogeneration. The analysis of thermal energy utilization was made at the cogeneration
"Spin Wallis" located in Požega. The problem of cogeneration is the creation of a large amount of
waste heat produced which is transferred to the coolers and then to the environment. The analysis
showed that the largest amount of unused heat is in the summer months, while in the winter that
heat is lower.
When heat would be used there would be an energy reduction in greenhouse gases,
because there would not be no needs for using other energy sources. In addition to reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, financial savings would be achieved because waste heat would be used
instead of other energy sources. Ways in which waste heat could be used: heating of residential
buildings, households and business premises with thermal substations, use in dryers during drying,
heating of greenhouses. Apart from the fact that thermal energy can be used for heating, it can also
be used for cooling when using an absorption heat pump
Comparative analysis of value added tax in three European countries
Početak završnog rada usko je povezan s poreznim sustavom, porezima te kako se dijele. Predmet istraživanja završnoga rada je komparacija poreza na dodanu vrijednost između tri europske zemlje.
U završnom radu analiziran je porez na dodanu vrijednost u Hrvatskoj, Grčkoj i Španjolskoj, s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku. Ukratko je prikazan razvoj poreza na dodanu vrijednost, te mijenjanje njegovih stopa kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj.The very beggining of the final paper is closely related to value taxes and how they are shared.
The subject of the research is the Comparison value tax between three European countries.
The final study analyzes the values of added tax in Croatia, Greece and Spain, with a special emphasis on Republic of Croatia. The analysis shows a short history of the value of added tax, changing its rate, both in the world, and in the Republic of Croatia
Establishment, role and operations of banks in the Republic of Croatia
Tema ovog završnog rada obraĊuje naĉin osnivanja, ulogu i naĉela poslovanja banke, izvješća o
poslovanju, rizike koji se pojavljuju i njihova neutralizacija u poslovanju, te vrste izvješća o
izraĉunu efikasnosti poslovanja. ObraĊene su relevantne informacije koje bi trebale dati
cijelovitu sliku o banci, koristeći spoznaju o banci kao kreditnoj instituciji, opisujući njene
zadatke i uloge i istiĉući pri tom vaţne sveobuhvatne elemente potrebne za razumijevanje, u
skladu s naslovom teme završnog rada.
S obzirom da se i poslovanje banke odvija po odreĊenim naĉelima, u ovom radu objašnjena je
vaţnost odredbi pravne literature koja regulira tu problematiku, uobiĉajenih financijskih izvješća
kao i institucionalnih okvira sastavljanja izvješća, a objašnjene su vrste i korisnici, kao i pristup
izradi u skladu sa zakonskim propisima.
Kod izrade ovog rada korištena je široka lepeza struĉne literature, kojom se postiglo
razumijevanje banke u skladu s naslovom teme ovog završnog rada.The topic of the final thesis elaborates the methodology of the foundation, roles and principles of
bank’s operations, business reports, the risks that arise and the neutralization of risks, as well as
the types of the reports regarding the calculation of business efficiency. Relevant information
was processed, which should give a complete overview of the bank, using the bank as a credit
institution, describing its missions and roles, highlighting important comprehensive elements,
necessary for understanding in accordance with the title of the final thesis.
Since the bank's operations are conducted according with certain principles, the final thesis
explains the importance of the provisions of the legal literature governing this issue, the usual
financial statements and institutional frameworks for reporting, and explains the types and users,
as well as the approach to preparation in accordance with legal regulations.
While preparing this thesis, a wide range of professional literature was used, which led to the
understanding of the bank in accordance with the title of the topic of this final paper
Protection of maize with agricultural field sprayer Agromehanika
U radu se analizira zaštita kukuruze putem ratarske prskalice, uz primjenu herbicida, na primjeru Agromehanike, često korištenog proizvođača ratarskih prskalica, s posebnim naglaskom na potrebu primjene zaštitne opreme. Radom se opisuje osobine kukuruza, njegova uzgojna obilježja te potrebna primjena agrotehničkih mjera.
Zadatkom se trebalo analiziraju osobine ratarske prskalice te primjena herbicida kojim se suzbijaju pojave oboljenja, te potreba i način primjene različitih vrsta zaštitne opreme.
Kroz rad je ukazano na značaj rukovanja osposobljenih osoba opremom, herbicidima te zaštitnim sredstvima, s ciljem rentabilnog uzgoja kukuruza, te očuvanja zdravlja poljoprivrednih proizvođača i zaštite okoliša.The paper analyzes the protection of maize by field sprayer, with the application of herbicides, on the example of Agromehanika, a frequently used manufacturer of field sprayers, with special emphasis on the need to use protective equipment. The paper describes the characteristics of corn, its growing characteristics and the necessary application of agrotechnical measures.The task was to analyze the properties of the field sprayer and the application of herbicides that control the occurrence of diseases, as well as the need and method of application of different types of protective equipment. The paper points out the importance of handling trained persons with equipment, herbicides and protective equipment, with the aim of profitable cultivation of corn, and preserving the health of agricultural producers and environmental protection
Specific jobs in international trade
Poslove redovitog izvoza obavlja svaki poduzetnik koji izvozi robu iz zemlje u inozemstvo, a poslove uvoza obavljaju poduzetnici koji iz inozemstva uvoze robu u svoju zemlju. Sve što je za jednu zemlju uvoz, za drugu je izvoz i obratno.
U kooperacijske poslove uključuju se poduzetnici koji teže k istom cilju te im je lakše ostvariti ga uz pomoć drugih poduzetnika, a s obzirom na vrstu svoje djelatnosti odlučuju se za određeni oblik, tj. vrstu kooperacijskog posla.
Specifičnim poslovima se bave poduzetnici koji smatraju da će posao biti uspješniji ako se budu bavili nekim od ovih poslova, a razlozi zbog kojih bi neki poduzetnik ušao u ovakav tip posla najviše proizlaze iz nerazvijenosti gospodarstva određene zemlje, a isto tako i iz političkih razloga. Specifični poslovi se dijele na 4 vrste poslova, a to su poslovi vezane vezane trgovine; kompenzacijski poslovi te barter poslovi razmjene, poslovi franšizinga i poslovi lizinga. Kompenzacijski posao najjednostavnije rečeno je razmjena robe za robu. S obzirom na broj sudionika kompenzacija može biti izravna, proširena ili trostrana.
Barter posao je vrsta posla kod kojega se sudionici na temelju posebnog sporazuma, barter sporazuma, obvezuju da će izvršiti međusobnu razmjenu robe i usluga.
Reeksportni posao je vrsta specifičnog posla gdje reeksporter kupuje robu na jednom tržištu a prodaje ju na drugom kako bi sebi osigurao prihod. Vrste su direktni, tranzitni i reeksportni posao s doradbom.
Franšizingom se sa prodavatelja na primatelja franšize prenosi pravo prodaje i proizvodnje uz plaćanje određene naknade. S obzirom na vrstu djelatnosti, razlikujemo franšizing robe, franšizing usluga i industrijski franšizing.
Lizing je suvremeni način financiranja skupe opreme, tehnologije te drugih ekonomskih dobara. Vrste lizinga prema načinu financiranja neizravni i izravni; prema karakteru ugovorne obveze financijski i operativni; prema trajanju kratkoročni i dugoročni te prema predmetu lizinga lizing investicijske opreme, lizing kompletnih postrojenje i lizing robe široke potrošnje trajne vrijednosti.Regular export operations are performed by every entrepreneur who exports goods from the country abroad, and import operations are performed by entrepreneurs who import goods from abroad to their country. Everything that is import for one country is export for another and vice versa. Entrepreneurs who strive for the same goal and it is easier for them to achieve it with the help of other entrepreneurs are included in the cooperative business, and considering the type of their activity, they decide on a certain form, that is the type of cooperative work.
Specific jobs are done by entrepreneurs who believe that the business will be more successful if they do some of these jobs, and the reasons why an entrepreneur would enter this type of business stem mostly from the underdevelopment of a country's economy, as well as political reasons. Specific jobs are divided into 4 types of jobs, which are related trade jobs; compensation business and barter exchange business, franschising business and leasing business. The compensatory business is simply the exchange of goods for goods. Depending on the number of participants, compensation can be direct, extended or tripartite.
Barter job is a type of job in which the participants undertake, on the basis of a special agreement, a barter agreement, to exchange goods and services. A re-export business is a type specific business where a re-exporter buys goods in one market and sells them in another to secure income for himself. The types are direct, transit and re-export business with finishing.
By franchising, the right to sell and produce is transferred from the seller to the franchisee with the payment of a certain fee. Depending on the type of activity, we distinguish between franchising of goods, franchising of sevices and industrial franchising. Leasing is a modern way of financing expensive equipment, tehnology and other economic goods. Types of leasing according to the method of financing indirect and direct; according to the nature of the contractual obligation, financial and operational; by duration of short-term and long-term and by subject of leasing, leasing of investment equipment, leasing of complete plants and leasing of consumer goods of permanent value