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Programming plates according to the drawing 050-00082-E
No full textU radu je prikazan postupak programiranja izrade ploče prema crtežu 050-00082-E. Prvo je analiziran crtež ploče te je na osnovi zahtjeva na crtežu i ostale tehničke dokumentacije definiran stroj na kojem je moguće izraditi ploču. Nakon toga definirane su operacije obrade, alati za izradu te odgovarajući režimi obrade za pojedine operacije izrade. Da bi se izvršilo CNC programiranje izrade još je potrebno definirati Plan alata, Plan stezanja i Plan rezanja. Nakon toga radi se G-kod programa te 3D simulacija izrade kojom utvrđujemo moguće greške, putanju alata, odnosno „realni“ prikaz budućeg proizvoda. Slijedi izrada probnog komada, ispravljanje eventualnih tehnoloških pogrešaka te serijska izrada. Svaki izrađeni proizvod se kontrolira prema Planu kontrole te se izrađuje dokumentacija o kvaliteti koja se otprema zajedno sa proizvodom.This paper presents the procedure for programming the design of the plate according to drawing 050-00082-E. At first, the drawing of the plate was analysed and, based on the requirements of the drawings and other technical documentation, was defined a machine on which the plate could be made. After that, the processing operations, the tools for making and the appropriate treatment regime for the individual production operations are defined. In order to perform CNC programming, it is still necessary to define the Tool Plan, Clamping Plan and Cutting Plan. Thereafter, it is the G-code of the program and the 3D simulation of the work by identifying possible mistakes, the path of the tool, or the "realistic" presentation of the future product. The production of a test piece is following, correction of possible technological errors and serial production. Each manufactured product is checked according to the Quality control Plan and a Quality documentation is produced that is shipped together with the product
Maintenace of robots in the roofing tiles factory Dilj d.o.o. Vinkovci
No full textU ovome završnom radu opisane su strategije održavanja, te razvoj robotike. Opisan je proces održavanja robota u tvornici crijepa, važnost i ciljevi održavanja, proces preventivnih aktivnosti koje se provode u tvornici prilikom održavanja robota, te primjer jednog korektivnog održavanja robota. Pravilno i redovito održavanje je od velike važnosti za tvornicu jer u slučaju kvara robota tvornica ima velike gubitke. Zbog toga je održavanje u tvornici na visokoj razini, kako ne bi došlo do kvarova i mogućih gubitaka.In this final work are described maintenance strategies and robotics development. There is also described the process of maintenance of robots in the tile factory, the importance and maintenance goals, the process of preventive activities carried out at the factory while maintaining robots, and an example of a corrective maintenance of the robot. Proper and regular maintenance is of great importance for the factory because in the case of a failure of the factory robots, there are great losses. That's why maintenance at the factory is high, so there are no failures and possible losses
The most important families of diptera in agriculture
No full textRod Diptera jedan je od najbrojnijih redova malih do srednje velikih kukca. Imaju četiri razvojna stadija (jaja, ličinke, kukuljice i imago). Štetnici su biljaka, nametnici domaćih životinja, prenosioci bolest, a manji broj parazitira na štetnim kukcima. Imaju pomičnu glavu sa velikim sastavljenim očima i usnim ustrojem prilagođenim za lizanje, sisanje ili bodenje.
Najvažnije porodice iz reda Diptera svrstane su u tri podreda: Nematocera - mušice ili dugoticalci, Brachycera – muhe ili kratkoticalci i Cyclorrhapha – muhe. Od spomenutih su opisana dva koja su važna za poljoprivredu. To su podred Nematocera i Cyclorrhapha. U podored Nematocera ubrajaju se brojne porodice, od kojih su spomenute Tipulidae-Komari, Bibionidae-Dlakave mušice i Cecidomyidae-Mušice šiškarice. U porodici komari bitna je vrsta: Komar (Tipula Oleracea L.). Dlakave mušice također imaju jednu bitnu vrstu: Vrtne mušice (Bibio hortulanus L.). Porodica mušica šiškarica ima četiri bitne vrste: Jesenska mušica (Mayetiola destructor Say), sedlasta mušica šiškarica (Haplodiplosis mareinata Winn.), žuta pšenična mušica šiškarica (Contarinia tritici Kirby) i lucernina cvijetna mušica (Contarinia medicaginis Kief.).
Iz podreda Cyclorrhapha, porodica voćne muhe ima četiri bitne vrste: Maslinina muha (Batrocera/ Dacus/ oleae Rossi), mediteranska voćna muha (Ceratitis capitata Wied.), trešnjina muha (Rhsgoletis cerasi L.) i šparogina muha (Platyparea poeciloptera Schrk.). Porodica cvjetne muhe imaju četiri vrste: Kupusna muha (Delia radicum Bouche), lukova muha (Delia antiqua Meig.), siva žitna (ozima) muha (Dalia coarctata Fall.) i repina muha (Pegomyia betae Panz.). Gole muhe imaju dvije bitne vrste: Mrkvina muha (Psila rosae F.) i češnjakova muha (Suilia lurida Meig.).Diptera order is one of the most numerous orders out of small to medium sized insects. They have four development stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and imago). Great damages to plants are made by them, also they are domestic animals parasites, disease carriers and only small number of them are parasites on harmful insects. They have movable head with big connected eyes and lip structure adjusted for licking, suction or pricking.
The most important families from Diptera order are classified in three suborders: Nematocera, Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. From mentioned, two of them are important in agriculture. Those are suborders Nematocera and Cyclorrhapha. In Nematocera suborder, many families are included, from which Tipulidae, Bibionidae and Cecidomyidae are mentioned. Significant species in Tipulidae suborder is Tipula Oleracea L. Also, Bibionidae order has one important kind, named Bibio hortulanus L. Cecidomyidae family has four significant species: Mayetiola destructor Say, Haplodiplosis mareinata Winn, Contarinia tritici Kirby and Contarinia medicaginis Kief.
Suborder cyclorrhapha, a family of friut flies, has four species: Batrocera/ Dacus/ oleae Rossi, Ceratitis capitata Wied, Rhsgoletis cerasi L. and Platyparea poeciloptera Schrk. Flower fly family has four species: Delia radicum Bouche, Delia antiqua Meig. Dalia coarctata Fall and Pegomyia betae Panz. Bare flies have two significat species, and they are: Psila rosae F. and Suilia lurida Meig
Alelochemicals of alelopathy disease - biological phenomena
No full textBiljke su nositelji života na Zemlji i bez njih opstanak ostalih bića ne bi bio moguć. Dok je o utjecaju biljaka na ljude i okoliš mnogo toga iscrpno napisano kroz cijelu pisanu povijest, intenzivnija istraživanja o međusobnom odnosu samih biljaka su počela tek u dvadesetom stoljeću. Odnos pri kojem neke biljke mogu pozitivno ili negativno utjecati na druge biljke, odnosno mogu djelovati inhibitorno ili stimulativno na klijavost sjemena i rast okolnih biljaka, nazivamo alelopatija.
Cilj završnog rada je opisati alelopatiju, mehanizme alelopatskog djelovanja, te alelokemikalije, toksine kojima biljke "brane" svoje stanište od drugih biljaka. U radu su opisani i neki laboratorijski pokusi provedeni u Hrvatskoj da bi se ustanovila alelopatska sposobnost pojedinih biljaka koje bi mogle poslužiti kao prirodni herbicid. Alternativnim korištenjem alelopatskih biljaka umjesto kemijskih sredstava u poljoprivredi smanjili bi se negativni utjecaji na okoliš.Plants are the carriers of life on Earth and without them the survival of other creatures would not be possible. While the influence of plants on humans and the environment has been extensively written throughout the written history, intensive research about the relationship between plants began only in the twentieth century. The relationship in which some plants may have a positive or negative influence on other plants, or can act to inhibit or stimulate seed germination and growth of surrounding plants, is called allelopathy.
The aim of the final work is to describe allelopathy, allelopathic mechanisms, and allelochemicals, toxins that plants use to "defend" their habitat from other plants. Some laboratory experiments conducted in Croatia have also been described in order to establish the allelopathic ability of some plants that could serve as a natural herbicide. Alternative use of allelopathic plants instead of chemical agents in agriculture, would reduce negative environmental impacts
Plum cultivation 2017 in company M-agro
No full textŠljiva potječe iz Azije, gdje je bila poznata još u starom vijeku. Njeni sočni plodovi krasili su viseće vrtove Babilona. Šljive se mogu podijeliti prema različitim kriterijima, ali najpoznatija podjela je na europske i japansko-kineske. U Hrvatskoj je udio plantažnih nasada šljive svega oko 7 % u odnosu na ukupnu proizvodnju voća, a oko 90 % proizvodnje šljive odnosi se na ekstenzivan način uzgoja. Iako isplativ, plantažni uzgoj šljive u Hrvatskoj nije ni približno iskorišten. Obrt pod nazivom M-agro upisan je 2005. godine sa sjedištem u Lukaču. Pokrenute su djelatnosti: proizvodnja vina, uzgoj žitarica, mahunarki i uljanog sjemena, uzgoj grožđa te uzgoj šljive. Od sorti su zastupljene čačanska ljepotica, čačanska rodna, stenley te president na površini 2,93 ha. Sve poslove osim berbe obavljaju članovi obitelji.Plum derives from Asia, where it was familiar until old ages. Its juicy berries were decoration in high garden of Babilon. Plum trees can divide on many categories, but most well-known are European and japanese-chinese plum. Content of plum plantation in Croatia is about 7% from total fruit production and about 90% of plum cultivation is extensive breeding. Although beneficial, plum cultivation in Croatia is not completely well-worn. Company named M-AGRO was registered in 2005. in Lukač with next economic activities: winemaking, cereal and pulse cultivation, grape farming and plum cultivation. Planted cultivars are cacanska ljepotica, cacanska rodna, stanley and president on 29 300 m² agricultural area. Family members are working all bussines activities except harvesting
Tight and hardly permeable agricultural land
No full textTlo je površinski dio Zemljine kore kojeg čine frakcije različitih krupnoća prah, glina, pijesak, šljunak.
Zbijenost tla je jedan od najznačajnijih pokazatelja kvalitete tla. Ono se pored erozije ubraja u najrazornije i najopasnije djelovanje na tlo, koje utječe na agroekološki kompleks u cjelini. Također, utječe i na niz drugih fizikalnih, kemijskih, bioloških, mehanizacijskih, organizacijskih i ekonomskih parametara.
Cilj ovoga rada je opisati nastanak i mjere popravka zbijenog i teško propusnog poljoprivrednog tla. Zbijenost tla umanjuje njegovu proizvodnu sposobnost. Na zbijenom tlu primjenjuju se različite agrotehničke mjere popravke u ovisnosti o stupnju zbijanja, raspoloživoj mehanizaciji i agroekološkim uvjetima. Najčešći oblik zbijanja tla u našim proizvodnim uvjetima je taban obrade (pluga i tanjurače), a najčešća i najučinkovitija mjera popravke je podrivanje. Potrebno je izbjegavati prometovanje i obradu po prevlažnom tlu, treba reducirati broj prohoda strojevima i oruđima pri obradi tla i treba varirati dubinu obrade tla svake godine.Soil is the surface part of the Earth's crust, which is made up of different fractions of dust, clay, sand, pebbles.
Soil compaction is one of the most important indicators of soil quality. Soil erosion and soil compaction are the most dangerous soil threats, which affecting the whole agro-ecological complex. It also affects a number of other physical, chemical, biological, mechanization, organizational and economic parameters.
The aim of this paper is to describe the emergence and repair of compacted and heavily permeable agricultural soils. Soil dampening reduces its production capacity. On compacted soils, various agrotechnical repair measures can be are applied, depending on the degree of compaction, available mechanization and agroecological conditions. The most common form of soil compaction in our production area is the tillage pan (plow and disc), and the most common and most effective repair measure is subsoiling. There is a need to avoid traffic and treatment on the surface of the soil, reduce the number of troughs in machinery and tools when treating the soil and vary the depth of soil treatment every year
Methods and materials for raising quality of soil
No full textTlo je osnovni uzgojni medij za većinu poljoprivrednih kultura zbog čega je potrebno
održavati i podizati njegovu kvalitetu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je opisati neke od metoda (malčiranje,
zelena gnojidba i kompostiranje) kojima se pripremaju i primjenjuju prirodni materijali za
podizanje kvaliteta tla. Malčiranje podrazumijeva prekrivanje tla organskom tvari čime se
snižava temperatura tla, sprječava brzo isparavanje vode i rast korova, a povećava brojnost
organizama i obogaćuje tlo hranivima. Zelenom gnojidbom se utječe pozitivno na kemijskofizikalna
i mikrobiološka svojstva tla kroz povećanje sadržaja organske tvari u tlu zaoravanjem
biljaka (siderata) uzgojenih isključivo za tu namjenu. Kompost predstavlja organsko gnojivo
nastalo radom mikroorganizama u kontroliranoj oksidativnoj razgradnji prvenstveno biljnih
ostataka pomiješanih sa stajskim gnojivima, životinjskim ostatcima i mineralnim dodatcima.
Primjenom komposta tlo se obogaćuje biljci pristupačnim hranivima koja imaju produženo
djelovanje, povećava se sadržaj organske tvari tla i mikrobiološke aktivnosti, a smanjuje se rizik
ispiranja hraniva čime se podiže kvaliteta tla.Soil is the primary breeding medium for most agricultural crops, which is why it is
necessary to maintain and raise its quality. Purpose of this thesis is to describe some of the
methods ( mulching, green manure and composting ) that prepare and apply natural materials for
raising soil quality. Mulching means covering the soil with organic matter that lowers the
temperature of the soil, prevents rapid water evaporation and enriches soil with nutrients. Green
manure affects positively on chemical-physical and microbiological characteristics of the soil by
increasing the content of organic matter by plowed plants which are grown specifically for this
purpose. Compost is an organic fertilizer made by microorganisms in a controlled oxidative
degradation of plant residues, preferably mixed with manure, animal residues and mineral
supplements. By using of compost, the soil is enriched with plant nutrients which have
prolonged effect, have increased organic matter content, microbial activity and reduce the risk of
nutrient leaching which increases the qualty of soil
Inspection and testing of safety valves
No full textSukladno pravilniku o tlačnoj opremi (NN 79/16) sigurnosni pribor označava uređaje konstruirane sa svrhom zaštite tlačne opreme od prekoračenja dopuštenih graničnih vrijednosti, uključujući uređaje za izravno ograničavanje tlaka poput sigurnosnih ventila, uređaje sa sigurnosnim rasprsnim diskom, zaštitne šipke, uređaje za kontrolirano rasterećenje od tlaka (CSPRS) te uređaje za ograničavanje koji služe za pokretanje uređaja za korigiranje veličina ili omogućuju isključivanje ili isključivanje i blokadu kao što su presostati, termostati ili regulatori razine te mjerni i regulacijski uređaji sa sigurnosnom funkcijom (SRMCR).
U radu je opisan pregled, održavanje i ispitivanje sigurnosnih ventila u skladu sa pravilnikom koji propisuje postupke za stavljanje opreme pod tlakom u uporabu te postupke i rokove pregleda i ispitivanje opreme pod tlakom u radu.According to the Pressure Equipment Regulation (NN 79/16), safety gear are all devices constructed with the purpose of protecting pressure equipment from exceeding limit values. It includes devices for direct pressure limitations such as safety valves, devices with safety rupture discs, protective rods, devices for controlled safety pressure relief (CSPRS) and limitation devices that serve for propulsion of devices that correct values or enable them to switch off or switch off and block systems such as pressostats, thermostats or level regulators and measuring and regulation devices with safety function (SRMCR).The thesis gives an overview of procedures for inspection, maintenance and testing of safety valves according to the Regulation which determines procedures for initiating pressure equipment, procedures and timeframe for inspecting and testing operating pressure equipment
Single-cylinder two-stroke Otto engine with air cooling
No full textMotor s unutarnjim izgaranjem je toplinski stroj u kojem se kemijska energija goriva kroz
kemijski proces izgaranje prevodi u toplinu, a zatim uz pomoć mehanizma i termodinamičkog
procesa ekspanzije prevodi u mehanički rad. U današnje vrijeme motori s unutarnjim izgaranjem
imaju veliku primjenu u automobilskoj industriji, zrakoplovnoj industriji, brodogradnji, tj.
današnji život je nezamisliv bez motora. Ciklusi motora su bazirani na Ottovom i Dieselovom
ciklusu a u novije vrijeme ciklus Otto i Dieselovih motora približio se Sabathe ciklusu.
U završnom radu obuhvaćeno je područje jednocilindričnih dvotaktnih Otto motora s
unutarnjim izgaranjem. Opisan je način rada, izmjenu radnog medija, konstrukcijske značajke i
način zračnog hlađenja motora.The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the chemical energy of the
fuel through the chemical process of combustion translates into heat and then with the help of the
mechanism and the thermodynamic expansion process translates into the mechanical work.
Nowadays, internal combustion engines have great application in the automotive industry,
aviation industry, shipbuilding, today's life is unthinkable without the engine. The engine cycles
were based on the Otton and Diesel cycles, and the Otto and Diesel engines have recently
approached the Sabatha cycle.
The final work covers the area of single cylinder two-stroke Otto internal combustion
engines. Described is the mode of operation, changing the working medium, the design features
and the air cooling mode of the engine
Managing and leading a salesteam
No full textCilj rada je spoznati važnost upravljanja i vođenja tima u prodaji. Način na koji je u radu to predstavljeno je kroz upoznavanje osnovnih pojmova koji su potrebni da bi se mogla shvatiti kompleksnost i važnost upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima. Upoznat će se pojam i važnost prodaje u poduzeću, što je prodaja i njena važnost, tko je kupac i kako ga zadržati, što je to rukovođenje i koje vrste rukovođenja postoje, s pojmom tima i načinima vođenja tima. Kroz Case study analizu napravljeni su informativni razgovori sa djelatnicima kroz koje se željelo doći do informacija o njihovom odnosu prema firmi, njihovom shvaćanju posla, želji za daljnjim učenjem ili napretkom, stavovima i sl. Tako će se vidjeti na primjeru kolika je važnost povratne informacije od djelatnika kao i shvaćanje njihovih stavova, osjećaja, zapažanja, potreba i ideja. Rezultat je osnova za daljnji rad i s tim informacijama više rukovodstvo stvara sliku o potrebama usavršavanja ljudi, izmjenama u poslovanju, kao i načinima nagrađivanja vjernosti i dobroga rada djelatnika.The goal of this project is to get aware of the importance of good managing and leadership skils while running a sales team. In this project this proces is represented through introducing the basic terms needed for understanding the complexity and importance of managing and directing human potentials. Also, the importance of sale sin a company will be introduced as a term along whit the questions of what sales is, its importance, what is menagment and what kind of menagment there are, what a team is and how to lead one. Through a case study analysis, interviews whit emplovees have been made to get to the imformations about their attitude towards the company, their understanding of work aspirations to educate themselves further or progress their point of view, etc. This way we will have an example to see how important feedbacks of the emplovees and the understanding of their opinions feelings, needs, observations and ideas actualy are.The results are the basis for all future actions and way of work those informations demonstrate the higher ranked leadership where there is a need for improvemants developing new skills, professional development, as well as ways to reward loyalty and good work of its staff