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Experimental and theoretical description of vitamin D
No full textCilj ovog rada je opisati svojstva vitamina D te izrada infracrvenih spektara za različite uzorke vitamina D. Vitamin D potpomaže apsorpciju kalcija u kosti te je kao takav odgovoran za pravilno formiranje kostiju. Osobe koje su dovoljno izložene sunčevoj svjetlosti, kroz kožu dobivaju vitamin D, a moguće ga je uzeti i kroz hranu te kroz razne dodatke prehrani. Deficit vitamina D sa sobom nosi brojne negativne posljedice, a neke od njih su: veće šanse za dobivanje karcinoma, oboljenje od kardiovaskularnih bolesti te razvoj alergija i astme. U današnje vrijeme veliki broj ljudi pati od simptoma koji su uzrokovani manjkom vitamina D. Sjedilački način života, užurbani život te poslovne prilike doprinijele su tome da ljudi što manje borave na zraku, a samim time i na suncu, zbog čega dolazi do nedostatka vitamina D. No, danas postoje različite vrste suplementacije koja može nadomjestiti vitamin D. U okviru ovog rada, infracrvenom spektroskopijom snimljeni su spektri za vitamin D2, D3, te za smjesu vitamina D, cinka te vitamina C. Također, za navedene vitamine provedeni su izračuni u programskom paketu Gaussian 09. Izračunati spektri, kao i eksperimentalni, pokazuju vrhove karakteristične za vitamin D. Tako se uočavaju karakteristični vrhovi za izopropilnu skupinu, za C-H veze, za C=C veze, za C-O veze te O-H-O veze. Konačno, uspoređivanjem snimljenih spektara i izračunatih, jasno je vidljivo da izračuni dobro potvrđuju snimljene spektre.The aim of this paper is to describe the properties of vitamin D and to create an infrared spectrum for different samples of vitamin D. Vitamin D supports the absorption of calcium in the bones and as such is responsible for the proper formation of bones. People who are sufficiently exposed to sunlight get vitamin D through their skin, and it is also possible to take it through food and various nutritional supplements. Deficiency of vitamin D brings with it numerous negative consequences, some of which are: higher chances of getting cancer, suffering from cardiovascular diseases and the development of allergies and asthma. Nowadays, a large number of people suffer from symptoms caused by a lack of vitamin D. Sedentary lifestyles, busy lives and business opportunities have contributed to the fact that people spend as little time in the air as possible, and at the same time in the sun, which is why vitamin D deficiency occurs No, today there are different types of supplements that can replace vitamin D. In the framework of this work, infrared spectroscopy was used to record spectra for vitamin D2, D3, and for a mixture of vitamin D, zinc, and vitamin C. Also, for the mentioned vitamins, calculations were performed in the program package Gaussian 09. The calculated spectra, as well as the experimental ones, show peaks characteristic for vitamin D. Thus, characteristic peaks for the isopropyl group, for C-H bonds, for C=C bonds, for C-O bonds and O-H-O bonds are observed. Finally, by comparing the recorded and calculated spectra, it is clearly visible that the calculations confirm the recorded spectra well
The influence of working media properties on energy characteristics of refrigeration processes
No full textRashladni procesi odvijaju se posredstvom radnih tvari koje imaju povoljna termodinamička svojstva pri niskim temperaturama. U radu se opisuju svojstva sljedećih radnih tvari: amonijak, ugljikov dioksid, R-22 (klorodifluorometan), propan te
R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroetan) i ispituje utjecaj na karakteristične veličine u termodinamičkom procesu. Korišten je računalni program REFPROP pomoću kojeg su izračunata termodinamička svojstva čistih fluida kojeg je izradio NIST. Termodinamički proces prikazuje se u odgovarajućim termodinamičkim dijagramima kako bi se vidio utjecaj svojstava radnih tvari na energijske značajke. Budući da se sve više pridaje važnost zaštiti okoliša i utjecaja radnih tvari na okoliš, opisat će se primjena radnih tvari na isti.Refrigeration processes use working media that have favorable thermodynamic properties at low temperatures. The paper describes the properties of the following working media: ammonia, carbon dioxide, R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane), propane and
R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and examines the influence on the characteristic thermodynamic variables in the thermodynamic process. The computer program REFPROP was used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids created by NIST.
The thermodynamic process is shown in the appropriate thermodynamic diagrams in order to see the influence of the properties of the working media on the energy characteristics. Since the importance of environmental protection and the impact of working media on the environment is becoming more and more important, the application of working media to it will be described
Synthesis and photophysics of oligopeptides with arginine and modified tyrosine or BODIPY carboxylic acid
No full textU ovome radu provedena je sinteza dipeptida i tripeptida u otopini uz Boc-zaštitne skupine. Ciljne molekule su Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (1) i BODIPY-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (2). Tripeptid 1 u svojoj strukturi sadrži fotokemijski reaktivni tirozin koji u fotokemijskoj reakciji generira kinon-metid, dok dipeptid 2 sadrži BODIPY fluorofor. Oba peptida sadrže diargininski fragment za koji se očekuje nekovalentno vezanje na polinukleotide. Nadalje, fotokemijskim pobuđivanjem spoja 1, nekovalaletno vezanog za polinukleotide, očekuje se da će se generirati kinon-metidi koji će alkilirati polinukleotide, dok je fluorofor u spoju 2 uveden kako bi se nekovalentno vezanje vizualiziralo i kako bi se priredili fluorescentni indikatori za polinukleotide. Uspješno su sintetizirani spojevi Boc-Tyr-OH (4, η = 88 %), Boc-Tyr-OBn (5, η = 65 %), Boc-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (6, η = 69 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OH (9, η = 49 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OMe (11, η = 25 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OMe (14, η = 66 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-ONHS (16, η = 68 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OH (15, η = 27 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OBn (18, η = 98 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (20, η = 58 %), BODIPY-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (2, η = 32 %), dok je Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (1, η = 9 %) dobiven u smjesi s drugim spojevima. Svi sintetizirani spojevi okarakterizirani su 1H i 13C NMR spektroskopijom. Spoj 2 dodatno je okarakteriziran masenom spektrometrijom visoke rezolucije, FTIR-ATR-om i temperaturom tališta. U svrhu ispitivanja fotofizičkih svojstva, provedena su UV-Vis i fluorescencijska mjerenja. Za spoj 2 u acetonitrilnoj otopini određena je vrijednost molarnog apsorpcijskog koeficijenta (ε = 90500 dm^3 mol^-1 cm^-1, pri 499 nm), kvantni prinos fluorescencije (ՓF = 0,52) i vrijeme života singletnog pobuđenog stanja
(τ = 1,21 ns).This thesis features the synthesis of a dipeptide and a tripeptide in solution using the Boc-protecting group chemistry. The target molecules were Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (1) and BODIPY-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (2). Tripeptide 1 contains a photochemically reactive modified tyrosine, which can generate quinone methide in the photochemical reaction, while dipeptide 2 contains a BODIPY fluorophore. Both peptides contain a diarginine fragment for which non-covalent bonding to polynucleotides is anticipated. Furthermore, upon the photochemical excitation of the compound 1 non-covalently bound to a polynucleotide, the generation of quinone methides is anticipated, leading to the alkylation of polynucleotides, whereas the fluorophore in compound 2 was introduced for the visualization of the non-covalent binding to develop fluorescent indicators for polynucleotides. We successfully synthesized Boc-Tyr-OH (4, η = 88 %), Boc-Tyr-OBn (5, η = 65 %), Boc-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (6, η = 69 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OH (9, η = 49 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OMe (11, η = 25 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg-(2Z)-OMe (14, η = 66 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-ONHS (16, η = 68 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OH (15, η = 27 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-OBn (18, η = 98 %), Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (20, η = 58 %), BODIPY-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-OBn (2, η = 32 %), while Boc-Arg(2Z)-Arg(2Z)-Tyr[m-CH2N(CH3)2]-OBn (1, η = 9 %) was obtained in a mixture with other compounds. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, compound 2 was characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry, FTIR-ATR and melting point determination. To investigate photophysical properties, we conducted UV-Vis and fluorescence measurements. For compound 2 in acetonitrile solution, we determined the molar absorption coefficient (ε = 90500 dm^3 mol^-1 cm^-1 at 499 nm), fluorescence quantum yield (ՓF = 0,52) and lifetime of the singlet excited state (τ = 1,21 ns)
Structured catalysts designed and manufactured by 3D printing
No full textStereolitografija, jedna od tehnika aditivne proizvodnje, korištena je za izradu monolitnih nosača katalizatora primjenom fotoosjetljive smole Ceramic resin. Tijekom eksperimentalnog dijela rada izrađeni su strukturirani monolitni nosači katalizatora, primjenom tehnologije
3D-ispisa te su potom korišteni za katalitičku oksidaciju toluena. Na pripremljene strukturirane nosače prethodno je nanesena katalitički aktivna komponenta (MnFeOx) postupkom mokre impregnacije. Ukupno je izrađeno 7 funkcionalnih uzoraka 3D-ispisanih monolitnih nosača katalizatora kako bi se mogao opisati utjecaj različitih omjera Mn i Fe u katalitički aktivnom sloju na katalitičku oksidaciju toluena. Rezultati ispitivanja adhezije katalitičkog sloja na monolitnim nosačima pokazali su izvrsne rezultate s vrlo malim odstupanjima nakon 20 minuta izloženosti djelovanju ultrazvuka radne frekvencije 37 kHz. Učinkovitost pojedinih monolitnih katalizatora praćena je metodom plinske kromatografije. Izmjerene su konverzije toluena pri različitim temperaturama te su određene vrijednosti T10, T50 i T90 koje odgovaraju temperaturama pri kojima su postignute konverzije od 10 %, 50 % i 90 %. Nađeno je da se potpuna konverzija toluena na pripremljenim monolitnim katalizatorima postiže pri temperaturama između 200 i 240 °C. Također je zaključeno je da se maksimalna učinkovitost miješanog oksida MnFeOx može se postići optimiranjem uvjeta pripreme i pažljivim izborom omjera Mn i Fe. Najučinkovitijim se pokazao monolitni katalizator s omjerom Mn:Fe = 2:1.Stereolithography, one of the additive manufacturing techniques, was used to fabricate monolithic catalyst carriers the photosensitive resin Ceramic resin. During the experimental part of the work, structured monolithic catalyst carriers were prepared, which were then used for the catalytic oxidation of toluene. A catalytically active component (MnFeOx) was previously applied to the fabricated structured carrriers by wet impregnation. A total of 7 functional samples of 3D-printed monolithic catalyst carriers were made in order to describe the influence of different ratios of Mn and Fe in the catalytically active layer on the catalytic oxidation of toluene. The results of the adhesion test of the catalytic layer on the monolithic supports showed excellent results with very small deviations after 20 minutes of exposure to ultrasound at an operating frequency of 37 kHz for 20 minutes. The efficiency of individual monolithic catalysts was monitored by gas chromatography. The conversions of toluene were measured at different temperatures and the values T10, T50, and T90 were determined, corresponding to the temperatures at which conversions of 10%, 50%, and 90% were obtained. It was found that the complete conversion of toluene on the prepared monolithic catalysts is achieved at temperatures between 200 and 240 °C. It was also found that the maximum efficiency of the mixed oxide MnFeOx can be achieved by optimization of the preparation conditions and careful choice of the ratio of Mn and Fe. The monolithic catalyst with the ratio Mn:Fe = 2:1 proved to be the most effective
Cost of carbon dioxide emission from selected source
No full textEU je u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća implementirala nove mehanizme s ciljem što efikasnije kontrole utjecaja čovjeka na okoliš. Jedan od takvih mehanizama je „Cap and trade“ sustav ugljikovog dioksida prema kojemu svaka članica sustava dobiva određenu količinu besplatnih emisijskih dozvola. Prekomjernu emisiju stakleničkih plinova, svaka članica je dužna dodatno platiti. Ovaj rad se bavi analizom izravne i neizravne emisije stakleničkih plinova iz odabranog izvora – postrojenja Petrokemije d.d.. U Petrokemiji Kutina, proizvode se mineralna gnojiva, bentonitna glina i čađa. Međutim, proizvodnja čađe je u zastoju od 2009. godine. Kapaciteti proizvodnje iznose 1.350.000 tona za gnojiva, 32.000 tona za čađu i 60.000 tona za glinu. Petrokemija izvozi svoje proizvode u bliža regionalna tržišta poput Slovenije, Crne Gore i Bosne i Hercegovine, kao i u dvadesetak drugih zemalja. Ova tvrtka posjeduje certifikate za sustave upravljanja kvalitetom (ISO 9001) i upravljanja okolišem (ISO 14001). Uz opis svakog podpostrojenja prikazan je način izračuna za preliminarnu besplatnu dodjelu emisijskih jedinica, a preliminarna ukupna količina emisijskih jedinica se izračunava zbrajanjem dodjela svih podpostrojenja. Ukoliko zbrojimo pojedine dodjele besplatnih emisijskih jedinica za svako podpostrojenje, dobivamo ukupnu količinu besplatnih emisijskih jedinica za postrojenje Petrokemije d.d.. Kada zbrojimo izravnu i neizravnu emisiju ovog postrojenja te od nje oduzmemo ukupnu količinu besplatnih emisijskih jedinica, dobit ćemo troškove emisije ugljičnog dioksida za postrojenje Petrokemija Kutina.In the last few decades, the EU has implemented new mechanisms with the aim of more effective control of human impact on the environment. One such mechanism is the "Cap and trade" system, according to which each member of the system receives a certain amount of free emission permits. Each member is obliged to pay additionally for the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. This paper deals with the analysis of direct and indirect emissions of greenhouse gases from a selected source - the plant of Petrokemija d.d.. Mineral fertilizers, bentonite clay and carbon black are produced at Petrokemija Kutina. However, carbon black production has been at a standstill since 2009. Production capacities are 1,350,000 tons for fertilizer, 32,000 tons for carbon black and 60,000 tons for clay. Petrokemija exports its products to nearby regional markets such as Slovenia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to twenty other countries. This company has a certificate for quality management systems (ISO 9001) and environmental management (ISO 14001). Along with the description of each sub-installation, the method of calculation for the preliminary free allocation of emission units is presented, and the preliminary total amount of emission units is calculated by adding up the allocation of all sub-installations. If we add up the individual free emission units for each sub-plant, we get the total amount of free emission units for the Petrokemija d.d. plant. When we add up the direct and indirect emissions of this plant and subtract the total amount of free emission units from it, we will get the carbon dioxide emission costs for the Petrokemija Kutina plant
By the principles of green chemistry to a drug with improved properties
No full textJedan od izazova s kojim se danas susreće farmaceutska industrija je slaba topljivost većine novo-sintetiziranih djelatnih tvari u intestinalnim fluidima, što rezultira i niskom bioraspoloživosti i slabim farmakoterapijskim učinkom lijeka. U ovom istraživanju, nastoji se poboljšati otapanje modelne djelatne tvari X pristupom koji poštuje načela zelene kemije. Mehanokemijski su pripravljene disperzije čvrste djelatne tvari X u matrici hidrofilnog polimera poli(vinil-pirolidona) (PVP) u planetarnom kugličnom mlinu. Dobivene disperzije karakterizirane su diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom, rendgenskom difrakcijskom analizom praha i infracrvenom spektroskopijom. Pripravljene su tablete čiste netretirane djelatne tvari, mehanokemijski tretirane djelatne tvari, te tablete s čvrstim disperzijama i fizikalne mješavine djelatne tvari i polimera. U pripravi tableta promjera 8 mm korištene su pomoćne tvari poli(etilen-glikol), natrijeva kroskarmeloza, i manitol te postupak granuliranja taljenjem u fluidiziranom sloju. Karakterizacija tableta uključivala je ispitivanje ujednačenosti masa te testiranje njihove tvrdoće i raspadljivosti. Testovi otapanja i profili oslobađanja ukazuju da mehanokemijski tretman pogoduje većoj količini oslobođene djelatne tvari.
Brže oslobađanje djelatne tvari pokazuju tablete bez polimernog nosača. Tablete koje sadrže polimer poli(vinil-pirolidon) pokazuju sporije, ali kontinuirano oslobađanje djelatne tvari. Mehanokemijski pripravljene čvrste disperzije (SD) pokazuju kontinuirano oslobođanje veće količine djelatne tvari u odnosu na one koje sadrže čistu netretiranu djelatnu tvar X.
Testirana je primjenjivost modela u opisu profila oslobađanja djelatne tvari X.One of the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry is the low intestinal solubility of most newly synthesised drugs, resulting in low bioavailability and poor pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of the drug. In this research, an attempt is made to improve the dissolution of drug X through an approach that follows the principles of green chemistry. Dispersions of solid drug X in a matrix of hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were prepared mechanochemically in a planetary ball mill The prepared solid dispersions were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Tablets were prepared with pure untreated drug, with mechanochemically treated drug, and with solid dispersions and physical mixtures of drug and polymer. Excipients like polyethylene glycol, croscarmellose sodium, mannitol, and fluidized bed melt granulation were used to prepare tablets with a diameter of 8 mm. Characterization of the tablets included studying the mass uniformity, and testing its hardness and disintegration. Dissolution tests and release profiles indicate that mechanochemical treatment favors greater amount of drug released. Tablets without polymeric carrier show faster drug release. Tablets that contain polymer poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) show slower and continuous drug release. Mechanochemically prepared solid dispersions (SD) indicate continuous release of higher amount of drug in comparision to those containing pure untreated drug X.
The applicability of mathematical models was tested to describe release profiles of drug X
Electrochemical synthesis of graphene/conducting polymer nanocomposite and its application in supercapacitors
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je prirediti otopinu grafenova oksida (GO) pogodnu za sintezu kompozita vodljivi polimer/GO, provesti sintezu vodljivog polimera te primijeniti dobiveni materijal u superkondenzatoru. Proces elektrokemijskog raslojavanja prirodnog grafita proveden je primjenom anodne i katodne polarizacije grafitne elektrode tijekom više ciklusa. Pri tome su kao osnovni elektrolit upotrijebljene površinski aktivne tvari (PAT) natrijev dodecilbenzensulfonat i natrijev dodecilsulfat. Utvrđeno je da je izmjenična anodna i katodna polarizacija učinkovitija od jednokratne polarizacije. Proces je detaljno istražen i optimiziran praćenjem strujnih tranzijenata i promjene boje otopine te primjenom metode cikličke voltametrije (CV). Pokazano je kako elektrokemijsko raslojavanje ovisi o vrsti radne elektrode, PAT i primijenjenom naponu čije vrijednosti su bile manje od onih primijenjenih u dosadašnjim istraživanjima (2,5 V – 3,2 V). Strukturne i morfološke karakteristike tretirane elektrode i produkta dobivenog u otopini PAT određene su primjenom ultraljubičaste i vidljive spektrofotometrije (UV/Vis spektrofotometrije), Ramanove (RAMAN) spektroskopije, infracrvene spektroskopije s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), dinamičkog raspršenja svjetlosti (DLS), pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM) i mikroskopijom atomskih sila (AFM). Na temelju izračunane potrošnje energije (0,038 – 0,084 kWh g^-1) navedeni postupak raslojavanja svrstan je u niskoenergetski proces. Sinteza
poli(3,4-etilendioksitiofena) i polipirola provedena je iz modelnog elektrolita koji je sadržavao komercijalni GO i micelarnu otopinu natrijeva dodecilbenzensulfonata, natrijeva dodecilsulfata ili poli(natrij 4-stirensulfonata). Određeni su optimalni uvjeti sinteze vodljivih polimera i dokazana je ugradnja GO u njihovu strukturu. Radna elektroda sa slojem PEDOT/GO negativno je polarizirana pri -1,4 V u 0,1 mol dm^-3 otopini KCl. Ovim postupkom GO je preveden u vodljivi oblik odnosno reducirani grafenov oksid (rGO). Poboljšana pseudokapacitivna svojstva ukazala su na uspješno provedenu elektrokemijsku redukciju GO u sloju vodljivog polimera. Sintetizirani vodljivi polimeri ispitani su metodama CV, elektrokemijske impedancijske spektroskopije (EIS), UV/Vis spektrofotometrije, te SEM metodom. Odabrani kompozitni slojevi primijenjeni su kao elektrodni materijali u superkondenzatorima. Stabilnost superkondenzatora ispitana je punjenjem/pražnjenjem superkondenzatora pri konstantnoj vrijednosti struje tijekom 1000 ciklusa, na temelju čega su određeni specifični kapacitet, energija i snaga.The aim of this thesis was to prepare graphene oxide (GO)-containing solution which is suitable for the synthesis of a conducting polymer/GO composite, to carry out conducting polymer synthesis and to apply obtained material in supercapacitor. The electrochemical exfoliation of natural graphite was accomplished by anodic and cathodic polarization of natural graphite electrode in sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution. The multistep change of polarity was more effective compared to single anodic and cathodic polarization. By using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitoring the current transients and the colour of the resultant solutions, it was shown that the exfoliation process depends on the type of working electrode, surfactants and applied voltage value. The applied voltages (2.5 V – 3.2 V) were much lower than the values used in previous publications. Structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained materials were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry, Raman (RAMAN) spectroscopy, Fouirer-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The energy consumption of the process described in this thesis ranges from 0.038 kWh g^-1 to 0.084 kWh g^-1 and therefore this process is considered to be low energy and cost-effective. Different
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polypyrrole layers were prepared by electrochemical polymerization from an electrolyte which contained commercial GO and sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or poly(4-styrene sulfonate) micellar solution. Optimal synthesis conditions were determined and the incorporation of GO in the polymer layer was proven. Obtained layers were characterized by means of CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV/Vis spectroscopy and SEM. PEDOT/GO layer was polarised at the potential of -1.4 V in 0.1 mol dm^-3 KCl solution in order to reduce GO within the polymer layer. The polarization at negative potentials resulted in improved pseudocapacitive properties of the PEDOT layer, which proves the successfull electrochemical reduction of GO. The best nanocomposite materials were used to assemble symmetric supercapacitors. The stability of supercapacitors was determined by their charging/discharging at constant current during 1000 cycles, and the specific capacitance, energy and power were calculated
Plan upravljanja istraživačkim podacima projekta ReMiCRO
No full text"Mikroplastika u vodi; sudbina, ponašanje i uklanjanje" (HRZZ-IP-2020-02-6033
Metal-organic frameworks and their composites as potential photocatalysts
No full textIntenzivan razvoj industrije rezultira sve većim količinama onečišćujućih tvari, što se negativno odražava na kvalitetu života, kako ljudi, tako i kompletnog živog svijeta. Kako bi se ublažili ili riješili navedeni problemi, primjenjuju se različiti pristupi koji su pokazali stanovite učinke u zaštiti prirode. U novije vrijeme nameće se potreba za novim iskoracima koji će biti ekološki i procesno učinkovitiji, ali i ekonomski isplativiji od do sada primjenjivanih tehnologija. Primjer takvog iskoraka odnosi se na razvoj metalo-organskih mreža i na njima utemeljenih kompozitnih materijala, koji se u posljednjih dvadeset godina sve češće primjenjuju pri rješavanju problema vezanih uz zaštitu okoliša. U dosadašnjoj praksi MOF-ovi su se pokazali kao jako dobri i učinkoviti adsorbensi i potencijalni fotokatalizatori. Budući da su po svom sastavu vrlo kompleksni, podložni su dodatnim istraživanjima i daljnjim izmjenama kako bi se što učinkovitije primjenjivali u različitim područjima. U ovom radu opisane su osnovne značajke MOF-ova i njihovih kompozita, navedeni su postupci njihove sinteze i mogućnosti njihove dodatne modifikacije. Također su opisana potencijalna područja primjene navedenih naprednih materijala, s posebnim naglaskom na primjenu u fotokatalizi.Intensive industry development results in increasing amounts of pollutants, which has a negative impact on the quality of life of both people and the entire living world. In order to alleviate or solve the mentioned problems, different approaches are applied that have shown certain effects in protecting nature. In recent times, there is a need for new steps that will be more ecologically and procedurally efficient, but also more economically profitable than technologies that are applied so far. An example of such a step forward refers to the development of metal-organic networks and composite materials based on them, which in the last twenty years are increasingly used to solve problems related to environmental protection. In practice so far, MOFs have proven to be good and efficient photocatalysts. Since they are complex substance by their composition, they are subject to additional research and further modification in order to be effectively applied in the widest possible area. In this paper, the basic features of MOFs and their composites are described, the procedures for their synthesis and the possibilities of their additional modification are listed. The potential areas of application of the mentioned advanced materials are also described, with special emphasis on the application in photocatalysis
Plan upravljanja istraživačkim podacima projekta DAMAT
No full textPlan upravljanja istraživačkim podacima za HRZZ projekt Dekompozicije i aproksimacije matrica i tenozra (DAMAT) UIP-2019-04-5200