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Aromatic and phenol profile of "Muscat of Hamburg" grapes and wine modified by leaf removal
No full textDjelomična defolijacija u zoni grozdova jedan je od najčešćih ampelotehničkih zahvata korištenih u proizvodnji grožđa u cilju poboljšanja mikroklimata loze te povećanja kvalitete grožđa. Zbog povećanja temperature zraka posljednjih godina nužno je preispitati različite termine provođenja djelomične defolijacije te njihov utjecaj na sintezu sekundarnih metabolita aromatičnih sorata. Tretman djelomične defolijacije obavljen je u fenofazi zametanja bobica. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je djelomična defolijacija utjecala na primarni kemijski sastav grožđa te povećanje sadržaja polifenolnih spojeva u grožđu, ali nije utjecala na prinos te na polifenolni i hlapljivi sastav vina sorte 'Muškat Hamburg'.Leaf removal in the cluster zone is one of the most common ampelotechnical operations used in grape production with the aim of improving the microclimate of the vine and increasing the quality of the grapes. Due to the increase in air temperature in recent years, it is necessary to re-examine the different timings of leaf removal and their impact on the synthesis of secondary metabolites of aromatic varieties. Leaf removal was performed at berry set. Leaf removal affected primary composition (total soluble solids and acidity) and polyphenolic composition of the grapes, but did not affect the yield, polyphenolic and volatile composition of the 'Muscat of Hamburg' wine
Invasiveness and state of the Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) population
No full textPlavi rak (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) je vrsta koja potječe iz zapadnog Atlantika, rasprostranjena diljem europskih obala. Smatra se invazivnom vrstom, visokog reproduktivnog potencijala i izuzetne sposobnosti širenja populacije. Njegove biološke značajke izražavaju se mogućim negativnim utjecajem na okoliš i biološku raznolikost raznih lokaliteta, te ugrožavanjem flore i faune istog staništa. Temeljem dosadašnjih znanstvenih istraživanja, ovaj rad prikazuje podatke o distribuciji, procjeni brojnosti, strukturi i biometrijskim karakteristikama populacije plavog raka, kao i statusu invazivnosti europskih obala, s posebnim osvrtom na Jadransko more. Suzbijanje invazivnosti i otklanjanje daljnje opasnosti za bioraznolikost temelji se na preporukama za stalnim monitoringom i izlovom, korištenjem filtera na brodovima prilikom izmjene balastnih voda, te stalnim praćenjem brojnosti.The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) is a species originally from the Western Atlantic, spreaded throughout the European coasts. It is considered an invasive species, with high reproductive potential and exceptional ability to spread the population. Its biological features are expressed by a possible negative impact on the environment and biological diversity of various localities, and by endangering the flora and fauna of the same habitat. Based on previous scientific research, this thesis presents data on distribution, abundance estimation, structure and biometric characteristics of the blue crab population, as well as the invasiveness status of European coasts, with special reference to the Adriatic Sea. Suppression of invasiveness and elimination of further threats to biodiversity is based on recommendations for constant monitoring and fishing, usage of filters on ships when changing ballast water, and constant abundance monitoring
Repellent effect of essential oils on adult individuals of pollen beetle (Brassicogethes sp.)
No full textVrlo visoka razina rezistentnosti repičina sjajnika na insekticide onemogućava proizvođačima učinkovitu zaštitu uljane repice. Zbog toga je potrebno pronaći nova alternativna nekemijska rješenja, a jedno od njih je korištenje eteričnih ulja. Dosadašnjim laboratorijskim pokusima utvrđen je vrlo visoki repelentni učinak određenih eteričnih ulja na odrasle oblike repičina sjajnika u lociranju biljke domaćina. U praksi bi aplicirano eterično ulje moglo odbiti odrasle oblike repičina sjajnika od glavnog usjeva pri čemu bi primjena insekticida u potpunosti mogla izostati. U ovom istraživanju očekuje se utvrditi repelentno djelovanje eteričnih ulja na odrasle oblike repičina sjajnika. Tijekom 2021. prikupljeni su odrasli oblici repičina sjajnika otresanjem terminalnih cvatova u entomološki kavez, a prije postavljanja pokusa 40 sati bili su bez izvora hrane. Za provedbu pokusa korištena su eterična ulja zvjezdastog anisa, bosiljka, eukaliptusa, lavande, limuna i paprene metvice razrijeđena s acetonom u omjeru 1:10, a 40 μl primijenilo se na 3 cm2 filtar papira. Na 6-kanalni olfaktometar spojene su posude s tretiranim filtar papirom u koje je umotan netretirani terminalni cvat uljane repice, a kao kontrola korišten je filtar papir tretiran acetonom. U sredinu olfaktometra postavljeno je 10 odraslih oblika repičina sjajnika te je brojano koliko jedinki prijeđe završnu liniju prema određenom izvoru mirisa u 90 sekundi nakon puštanja. Rezultati pokazuju da je 60 % jedinki repičinog sjajnika odabralo izvor bez mirisa. Eterična ulja s mirisom bosiljka i eukaliptusa najmanje su privukla pozornost jedinki odnosno samo 4,5 % od ukupnog broja. Menta, kao i anis, privukla je 22,7 % kukaca dok aceton kao kontrola nešto manje od 20%. Limun se pokazao kao najlošiji miris te je privukao 26,1 % odraslih jedinki, međutim sva eterična ulja korištena u pokusu pokazala su repelentno djelovanje na odrasle oblike repičinog sjajnika.The very high level of resistance of pollen beetle to the insecticide makes it impossible for producers to effectively protect oilseed rape. For this reason, it is necessary to find new alternative non-chemical solutions, and one of them is the use of essential oils. Previous laboratory experiments have established a very high repellent effect of certain essential oils on the adult forms of the pollen beetle in locating the host plant. In practice, the applied essential oil could repel the adult forms of pollen beetle from the main crop, in which case the application of insecticides could be completely absent. In this research, it is expected to determine the repellent effect of essential oils on the adult forms of the pollen beetle. During 2021, the adult forms of the rape plant were collected by shaking off the terminal inflorescences in an entomological cage, and before setting up the experiment, they were without a food source for 40 hours. For the experiment, essential oils of star anise, basil, eucalyptus, lavender, lemon and peppermint diluted with acetone in a ratio of 1:10 were used, and 40 μl was applied to 3 cm2 of filter paper. To the 6-channel olfactometer, vessels with treated filter paper were connected, in which an untreated terminal flower of oilseed rape was wrapped, and filter paper treated with acetone was used as a control. In the middle of the olfactometer, 10 adult forms of the pollen beetle were placed, and it was counted how many individuals crossed the finish line towards a certain source of smell in 90 seconds after release. The results show that 60% of the only pollen beetle chose the odourless source. Essential oils with the smell of basil and eucalyptus attracted the least attention of individuals, i.e. only 4.5% of the total number. Mint, as well as anise, attracted 22.7% of insects, while acetone as a control slightly less than 20%. Lemon turned out to be the worst smell and attracted 26.1% of adults. In general, all the essential oils used in the experiment showed a repellent effect on the adult forms of the pollen beetle
Importance of yeasts nutrient supplements addition in the production of Graševina and Pinot noir wines
No full textPravilan tijek alkoholne fermentacije bitan je faktor u proizvodnji vina. Da bi alkoholna fermentacija imala pravilan tijek, posebnu pažnju treba posvetiti postupku rehidracije kvasca. Značajan utjecaj u pripremi ima dodatak hranjiva koji osnažuje stanice kvasca na samom početku. U istraživanju su korištena dva komercijalno dostupna hranjiva i EvolutionTM, koja su dodana u postupku rehidracije kvasaca. Primjena hranjiva rezultirala je većim brojem živih stanica kvasaca tijekom fermentacije, te u ukupnom broju stanica kvasaca neovisno od korištenog komercijalnog dostupnog soja kvasca.The proper course of alcoholic fermentation is an important factor in wine production. To assure good fermentation kinetic, it is necessary to properly imply yeasts rehydration step. A significant influence in the preparation has a nutrient supplement that strengthens yeasts cells at the very beginning. In the research, we studied two commercially available nutrients Go-Ferm Sterol FlashTM and Go-Ferm Protect EvolutionTM, which were added in the process of yeast rehydration. Nutritious Go-Ferm Sterol FlashTM showed better results in the number of alive yeast cells during fermentation, and in the total number of yeast cells independent of the yeasts used
In vitro methods of elimination of potato virus M from traditional potato cultivar ‘Brinjak’
No full text'Brinjak' je tradicijski kultivar krumpira koji se generacijama uzgaja u Lici. Otporan je na plamenjaču i običnu krastavost krumpira, no zbog zaraze virusima u proizvodnji ne može postići svoj puni potencijal rodnosti. M-virus krumpira (eng. potato virus M, PVM) može smanjiti prinos gomolja od 11-45%. Primjenjujući tri različite in vitro metode pokušali smo eliminirati M-virus krumpira kojim je ovaj kultivar zaražen. Korištene su metode kulture izoliranih meristema bez prethodne terapije, kulture meristema nakon termoterapije na 37 C i kulture meristema nakon elektroterapije. Metodom ELISA ispitana je prisutnost M-virusa krumpira u listovima krumpira 'Brinjak' tretiranih trima navedenim metodama. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najveći postotak biljaka oslobođenih od M-virusa krumpira dobiven nakon tretmana termoterapijom u kombinaciji s kulturom meristema (94,1 %). Elektroterapijom u kombinaciji s kulturom meristema oslobođeno je 64,7 % uzoraka krumpira, a izolacijom meristema bez prethodnih tretmana 53,8 % prethodno zaraženih uzoraka kultivara 'Brinjak'.‘Brinjak’ is a traditional potato cultivar that has been grown in Lika for generations. It is resistant to late blight and common potato scab. However, due to virus infection during production, it cannot achieve its full yield potential. PVM (Potato virus M) can reduce tuber yield by 11-45%. Applying three different in vitro methods, we tried to eliminate the PVM with which this cultivar was infected. The methods that were used were isolated meristems without previous therapy, meristems after thermotherapy at 37 C and meristems after electrotherapy. Then, the presence of PVM virus, in the leaves of cultivar ‘Brinjak’, was determined by using the ELISA method. The results showed that the highest percentage of virus-free plants of potato ‘Brinjak’ was obtained after treatment with thermotherapy in combination with meristem culture (94.1%). Electrotherapy in combination with meristem culture eliminated viruses from 64.7% of treated plants, while by the culture of isolated meristems without prior treatment PVM was eliminated from 53.8% of the plants
Estimation of golden jackal (Canis aureus) abundance with random encounter model
No full textU posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća u Hrvatskoj i Europi je zabilježen porast brojnosti i širenje populacija zlatnog čaglja (Canis aureus) zbog čega su potrebne sofisticirane metode praćenja te vrste. Cilj ovog rada bio je procijeniti gustoću i veličinu populacije zlatnog čaglja koristeći kamere s pasivnim infracrvenim senzorom i model nasumičnih susreta (eng. random encounter model; REM) za kojeg nije potrebna identifikacija životinja na razini jedinke. Istraživanje je provedeno u državnom otvorenom lovištu IX/13 "Senj". Procijenjena gustoća populacije bila je 1.47 ± 0.41 čagljeva/km2 i brojnost c. 90–160 čagljeva. Model nasumičnih susreta doprinos je razvoju metodologije za monitoring čaglja i korisna je metoda za procjenu populacijskih parametara čaglja.In the last several decades in Croatia and Europe, an increase in abundance and expansion of golden jackal (Canis aureus) populations have been observed, making sophisticated methods for monitoring of this species necessary. The aim of this study was to estimate population density and size of golden jackal using passive infrared sensor cameras and random encounter model (REM) that does not require individual identification of animals. Survey was conducted in state open hunting ground IX/13 "Senj". Estimated population density was 1.47 ± 0.41 jackals/km2 and abundance c. 90–160 jackals. The random encounter model adds to the methodological development of jackal monitoring and is a useful method for estimation of jackal population parameters
Fauna of arthropods on carrots at Vrana LLC
No full textMrkva je jedna od deset najvažnijih povrtnih kultura za ljudsku prehranu. U svijetu se uzgaja na površini od 11,5 milijuna hektara, a godišnji prinos iznosi 428 milijuna tona. Mrkva se prvenstveno uzgaja zbog korijena koji se konzumira na razne načine. S obzirom da je korjenasto povrće, tijekom uzgoja najopasniji su podzemni štetnici koji oštećuju korijen. Istraživanje je provedeno na proizvodnim površinama Vrana d.o.o na površini od jednog hektra. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi korisnu i štetnu faunu člankonožaca u intenzivnom nasadu mrkve i visinu njihove populacije s obzirom na razvojni stadij kulture. Za utvrđivanje faune člankonožaca koristili su se pregled tla prije sjetve, žute ljepljive ploče i vizualni pregled biljaka. Istraživanje se provodilo na poljoprivrednim površinama Vrana d.o.o. u razdoblju od ožujka do srpnja 2023. Prilikom pregleda tla prije sjetve, pronađeni su žičnjaci, dok najveći dio štetne faune člankonožaca čine jedinke iz reda dvokrilaca (Diptera) i jednakokrilaca (Homoptera). Korisnu faunu člankonožaca u najvećem broju zauzimaju ose pršilice (Syrphidae) i božje ovčice (Coccinellidae), a indiferentna fauna člankonožaca u najvećem broju se javlja iz porodice Thaumatomyia.Carrot is one of the top ten essential vegetable crops for human consumption. Globally, it is cultivated on an area of 11.5 million hectares, with an annual yield of 428 million tons. Carrots are primarily grown for their roots, which are consumed in various ways. Due to being a root vegetable, the most significant threats during cultivation are underground pests that damage roots. The research was conducted on the production fileds of Vrana LLC, on an area of one hectare. The aim of the study is to determine the beneficial and harmful arthropod fauna in an intensive carrot plantation and assess their population levels based on the growth stage of the crop. To determine the arthropod fauna, pre-sowing soil inspection, yellow stickey traps, and visual plant inspection were employed. The research was conducted from March to July 2023 on fields at Vrana LLC. During the pre-sowing soil inspection, wireworms were found, while the majority of harmful arthropod fauna consisted of species from the order Diptera and order Homoptera. The beneficial arthropod fauna is predominantly composed of hoverflies (Syrphdae) and ladybugs (Coccinellidae), while the indifferent arthropod fauna mainly represented by the family Thaumatomyia
The influence of physico-chemical soil indicators on the burrowing of wild boars
No full textPovećanjem populacije divljih svinja (Sus scrofa) u Europi i Svijetu povećao se i broj šteta u određenim područjima. Na području lovišta III/29 „Prolom“ praćenjem stanja livada primijećeno je da određene livadne površine divlje svinje ruju redovito, dok neke livade ostaju netaknute. Cilj rada je utvrditi da li fizikalni i kemijski indikatori tla utječu na preferenciju rovanja. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno na području lovišta, a analiza tla je obavljena na Zavodu za opću proizvodnju bilja, na Agronomskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Iz dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da nije pronađena bitna razlika u kemijskom sastavu tla između rovanih i ne rovanih livada. Značajnija razlika uvidjela se u koncentraciji sumpora (S). Prosječna koncentracija sumpora na rovanim livadama je 0,097 ± 0,032, a na ne rovanim livadama 0,070 ± 0,014 s p vrijednosti od 0,009. Podaci dobiveni kroz ovakvo istraživanje u budućnosti mogu pridonijeti boljem gospodarenju populacijom divljih svinja, sprečavanjem nastanka šteta koje nastaju rovanjem te boljem poznavanju biologije i ekologije te vrste divljači.As the population of wild boars (Sus scrofa) increased throughout Europe and the World in general, so did the amount of damages done in certain areas. On hunting ground III/29 “Prolom”, by observing the condition of the meadows, it was noticed that certain meadow areas are being dug by wild boars regularly, whilst some remain intact. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the chemical composition of the soil impacts wild boar’s choice of digging location. Sampling of the soil was conducted on hunting grounds, and the analysis was performed at the Department of General Agronomy at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture. Results show no significant differences in chemical composition of the soil between the dug and the un-dug meadows. A more significant difference was detected in sulphur (S) concentrations in the soil. In burrowed meadows the average concentration of sulphur was 0.097 ± 0.032, and in non-burrowed meadows was 0.070 ± 0.014 with a p value of 0.009. Data gathered through this type of research can contribute to better management and better understanding of biology and ecology of wild boar population and prevention of damages that occurred by their digging
Spatial variability of soil chemical properties in Maksimir Park
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi prostornu varijabilnost kemijskih značajki tla (pH vrijednost, sadržaj humusa, ukupnog dušika i sumpora, kroma, bakra, olova i cinka) na području Parka Maksimir. Uzorkovanje je provedeno u kolovozu 2022. godine na 12 lokacija unutar parka na dubini od 0-30 cm. Ciljane kemijske značajke tla utvrđene su standardnim laboratorijskim metodama, a za prikaz prostorne varijabilnosti značajki tla i izradu kartografskih prikaza korištena je deterministička prostorna interpolacijska tehnika Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Rezultati ukazuju da je tlo Parka Maksimir jako kisele do alkalne reakcije. Kiselo tlo prevladava u sjevernom šumskom dijelu parka, dok je alkalno tla smješteno u južnom dijelu parka u blizini prometnica. Sadržaj humusa ukazuje da je tlo u Parku dosta (3,9 %) do vrlo jako humozno (13,7 %) te dobro (0,168 %) do vrlo bogato (0,562 %) opskrbljeno ukupnim dušikom. Količina ukupnog sumpora na području Parka varirala je od 0,074 % do 0,119 % s prosječnom vrijednošću od 0,094 % i koeficijentom varijacije od 11,9 %. Sadržaj akumuliranih metala u prosjeku je iznosio 48,3 mg Pb/kg, 97,8 mg Zn/kg, 32,1 mg Cu/kg, 97,9 mg Cr/kg. Na svim promatranim lokacijama u Parku sadržaj olova i bakra bio je ispod prepisanih MDK vrijednosti, dok je u sjevernim dijelovima parka s kiselom reakcijom tla sadržaj cinka i kroma premašio propisane MDK vrijednosti (60 mg Zn/kg i 40 mg Cr/kg) u rasponu od 63,0-114,0 mg Zn/kg i 88,0-99,5 mg Cr/kg.The aim of this thesis was to determine the spatial variability of soil chemical characteristics (pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen and sulphur, chromium, copper, lead and zinc contetnt) in the Maksimir park located in Zagreb. Soil sampling was carried out in August 2022 at 12 locations at a depth of 0-30 cm. The selected soil chemical properties were determined by standard laboratory methods, and the deterministic spatial interpolation technique Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) was used to display the spatial variability of the soil properties. The results indicate that the soil of Maksimir Park is highly acidic to alkaline. Acidic soil predominates in the northern forest part of the park, while alkaline soil is located in the southern part of the park near roads. The organic matter content indicates that the soil in the Park is quite (3.9%) to very highly supplied (13.7%) by organic matter, as well as good (0.168%) to very rich (0.562 %) supplied with total nitrogen. The amount of total sulfur in the Park varied from 0.074% to 0.119% with an average value of 0.094% and a coefficient of variation of 11.9%. The average content of accumulated metals was 48.3 mg Pb/kg, 97.8 mg Zn/kg, 32.1 mg Cu/kg, 97.9 mg Cr/kg. In all observed locations in the Park, the content of lead and copper was below the prescribed threshold values, while in the northern parts of the park with an acidic soil reaction, the zinc and chromium content exceeded the prescribed threshold values (60 mg Zn/kg and 40 mg Cr/kg) in the range from 63.0-114.0 mg Zn/kg and 88.0-99.5 mg Cr/kg
The role of landscape architecture in the process of urban development of the Republic of Korea through the example of Seoul Metropolitan area
No full textGrad Seoul u svojem povijesnom kontinuitetu razvija iznimne primjere uređenja i oblikovanja otvorenih gradskih javnih površina, posebice parkova, trgova i ulica. Seoul je 1960-ih godina zbog naglog gospodarskog razvoja doživio drastične promjene na urbanističkoj razini, te se zatekao u fazi iznimnog rasta – brzi ekonomski boom je pratila visoka stopa industrijalizacije te brza urbanizacija. U radu će se prikazati kronologija, geneza i osnovna obilježja projekata krajobrazne arhitekture najznačajnijih u procesu razvoja Seoula. Ovim će se radom ispitati i predstaviti pojedine filozofije i pravci kojima su projekti prikazani ovim radom pripadali, te raspravljati o tome kako moderno urbanističko planiranje i tehnologija imaju veliki potencijal za poništavanje šteta uzrokovanih industrijskim rastom na temelju literaturnih izvora i terenskih opservacija, te selekcijom najreferentnijih gradskih projekata čije obilježja iskazuju pozitivne trendove uređenja i/ili oblikovanja te adekvatnog održavanja. Predstaviti će se strukturna i vrijednosna analiza postojećih prostornih i krajobraznih obilježja odabranih primjera. Osnovni kriteriji vrednovanja obuhvatiti će oblikovna, ambijentalna i funkcionalna obilježja lokacija s analizom rezultata koje je pojedini projekt ostvario na određenom prostoru. Zaključuje se kako je usvajanje novih zapadnjačkih pristupa u projektiranju oko 2000. godine, dobro odgovaralo idejama arhitekata i potrebama korejskog naroda kao takvog. Kada su pokreti uzeli zamah pokušali su obnoviti starije urbane oblike nalik tradicionalnom madangu (unutarnje dvorište) i uličicama kao dio novog pristupa. Budući da su temeljna načela gledanja na unutarnje i vanjske prostore kao kontinuirane cjeline, arhitekti mogu potvrditi mogućnost da se specifična tradicija korejske arhitekture može razviti u svoju univerzalniju, globaliziraniju verziju kroz usvajanje novih progresivnijih pristupa.The city of Seoul in its historic continuity develops extreme examples of designing open city surfaces, especially parks, streets and plazas. In the 1960s, due to rapid economic development, Seoul experienced drastic changes at the urban level, and found itself in a phase of exceptional growth - a rapid economic boom was accompanied by a high rate of industrialization and rapid urbanization. The paper will present the chronology, genesis and basic characteristics of the most significant landscape architecture projects in the process of Seoul's development. This work will examine and present certain philosophies and directions to which the projects presented in this work belonged, and discuss how modern urban planning and technology have great potential for undoing the damage caused by industrial growth based on literary sources and field observations, and a selection of the most relevant urban projects whose features show positive trends in arrangement and/or design and adequate maintenance. A structural and value analysis of the existing spatial and landscape characteristics of selected examples will be presented. The basic evaluation criteria will cover the design, ambient and functional features of the locations with an analysis of the results that each project achieved in a certain area. It is concluded that the adoption of new western approaches in designing around the year 2000, well suited the ideas of architects and the needs of the Korean people as such. When the movements gained momentum, they tried to restore older urban forms like the traditional madang (inner courtyard) and alleyways as part of the new approach. Since the fundamental principles of viewing indoor and outdoor spaces as continuous wholes, architects can confirm the possibility that the specific tradition of Korean architecture can develop into its more universal, globalized version through the adoption of new, more progressive approaches