Repository Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb
Not a member yet
3827 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluating the yield of alfalfa and clover-grass mixtures using Landsat 8 and 9 satellite imagery
No full textPrecizna poljoprivreda se oslanja na moderne tehnologije poput GNSS-a i daljinskog motrenja za racionalnije upravljanje vrijednim resursima na poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu. Korištenjem podataka o refleksiji svjetlosti s lista dobivamo uvid u bujnost vegetacije i varijabilnost unutar usjeva. Informaciju o varijabilnosti možemo iskoristiti za prilagodbu agrotehničkih mjera u svrhu povećanja kvalitete i količine prinosa. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi korelaciju vrijednosti vegetacijskih indeksa dobivenih analizom satelitskih snimaka Landsat 8 i 9 s gravimetrijski izmjerenim prinosom lucerne i djetelinsko-travnih smjesa. Kao pokazatelj reprezentativnosti regresije korišten je koeficijent determinacije između vrijednosti triju različitih vegetacijskih indeksa i količine prinosa suhe tvari i zelene mase u tri košnje usjeva. Rezultati su pokazali čvršće veze vegetacijskih indeksa s prinosom zelene mase nego s prinosom suhe tvari i time imaju mjesto kao obećavajuć alat u planiranju proizvodnje daljinskim motrenjem.Precision agriculture relies on modern technologies such as GNSS and remote sensing to efficiently manage valuable farm resources. Using data on light reflected from leaves, we gain insights into the vegetation density and variability within the crop. Information about this variability can be used to adjust agrotechnical measures in order to increase yield quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the values of vegetation indices obtained through the analysis of Landsat 8 and 9 satellite images and gravimetrically measured yields of alfalfa and clover-grass mixtures. The coefficient of determination was used as an indicator of the regression representativeness between the values of three different vegetation indices and the yield of dry matter and fresh cut biomass in three crop harvests. The results showed stronger connections of vegetation indices with fresh cut biomass yield than with dry matter yield, indicating their potential as a promising tool in production planning through remote sensing
Price risk analysis in grape production
No full textKljučno pitanje većine uspješnih poduzetnika jest pokrivenost vlastitih troškova ostvarenim prihodima. Instrument koji se koristi za izračunavanje navedene stavke je točka pokrića. Model točke pokrića se koristi kao pomoć u poslovnom odlučivanju jer olakšava ponekad zahtjevne odluke u odabiru najbolje strategije poslovanja. Ove odluke postale su još i teže uslijed nekolicine događaja koji su zadesili čovječanstvo u posljednjih nekoliko godina. Pandemija COVID-19 i ratovi koji se i dalje vode u nekim dijelovima svijeta, najveći su pokretači pada svjetske ekonomije te imaju sve veći efekt na cijene, investicije i razmjenu dobara diljem svijeta. Porast cijena kroz sve kategorije proizvoda i usluga uvelike je promijenila način poslovanja i životni stil poduzetnika, a isto tako i potrošača. Poljoprivredni proizvođači su bili obavezni suočiti se s uvećanim cijenama inputa za podizanje vlastitih kultura. Cijene su i dalje u porastu, a proizvođači se i dalje prilagođavaju svakodnevnim promjenama. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati utjecaj porasta cijene inputa u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji na primjeru obiteljske vinarije iz Krapinsko-zagorske županije. Kalkulacija korištena u radu temelji se na modelu točke pokrića i ekonomskim pokazateljima efikasnosti poslovanja, kao što su ekonomičnost, proizvodnost i marža sigurnosti. Temeljem prikupljenih podataka i dobivenim kalkulacijama, logično bi bilo zaključiti da su porastom ukupnih i varijabilnih troškova 2022. godine, ekonomski pokazatelji u blagom padu u odnosu na prethodnu, dok rezultati ukazuju na kompleksniju situaciju. Poslovanje promatranog gospodarstva kao cjeline, se pokazalo efikasno, ekonomično i profitabilno u proizvodnim sezonama 2021. i 2022. godine.The main question for most successful entrepreneurs is compensating costs with their earnings. The instrument used for calculating the former is the break-even point. The break-even model is used as a helping tool in business decision making, because it makes a lot of difficult choices seem much easier. These types of decisions became even more difficult after a number of incidents that came upon humanity in the last couple of years. Pandemic COVID-19 and the wars that are still going on in some parts of the world are the biggest enforcers of the world’s economic downfall and have an increasingly large influence on prices, investments and product exchange around the globe. Prices going up across all categories of products and services have changed how people go about their business and lifestyle, but also had a huge effect on consumers. Agricultural farmers have been forced to deal with increased input prices for the upbringing of their respected crops. Prices are still on the rise and the producers are still trying to adapt to changes happening on a daily basis. The main objective of this paper is to determine the influence of rising input prices in agricultural production based on a family winery in Krapinsko-zagorska county. The calculation used throughout the paper is based on break-even point model and economic indicators of business efficiency, such as cost-effectiveness, productivity and the safety margin. Based on the gathered data and calculations used, it would only be logical to conclude that with total and variable costs going up in the year 2022., economic indicators would go down when compared to the year before, while the results point to a more complex situation. The studied business subject has, as a whole, proved to be efficient, economical and profitable in the production seasons 2021./2022
Nanobiochar and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Mixture Synergistically Increases Soil Nutrient Availability and Improves Wheat Production
No full textRecently, nanomaterials have received considerable attention in the agricultural sector, due to their distinctive characteristics such as small size, high surface area to volume ratio, and charged surface. These properties allow nanomaterials to be utilized as nanofertilizers, that can improve crop nutrient management and reduce environmental nutrient losses. However, after soil application, metallic nanoparticles have been shown to be toxic to soil biota and their associated ecosystem services. The organic nature of nanobiochar (nanoB) may help to overcome this toxicity while maintaining all the beneficial effects of nanomaterials. We aimed to synthesize nanoB from goat manure and utilize it with CuO nanoparticles (nanoCu) to influence soil microbes, nutrient content, and wheat productivity. An X-ray diffractogram (XRD) confirmed nanoB synthesis (crystal size = 20 nm). The XRD spectrum showed a distinct carbon peak at 2θ = 42.9°. Fourier-transform spectroscopy of nanoB’s surface indicated the presence of C=O, C≡N–R, and C=C bonds, and other functional groups. The electron microscopic micrographs of nanoB showed cubical, pentagonal, needle, and spherical shapes. NanoB and nanoCu were applied alone and as a mixture at the rate of 1000 mg kg−1 soil, to pots where wheat crop was grown. NanoCu did not influence any soil or plant parameters except soil Cu content and plant Cu uptake. The soil and wheat Cu content in the nanoCu treatment were 146 and 91% higher, respectively, than in the control. NanoB increased microbial biomass N, mineral N, and plant available P by 57, 28, and 64%, respectively, compared to the control. The mixture of nanoB and nanoCu further increased these parameters, by 61, 18, and 38%, compared to nanoB or nanoCu alone. Consequently, wheat biological, grain yields, and N uptake were 35, 62 and 80% higher in the nanoB+nanoCu treatment compared to the control. NanoB further increased wheat Cu uptake by 37% in the nanoB+nanoCu treatment compared to the nanoCu alone. Hence, nanoB alone, or in a mixture with nanoCu, enhanced soil microbial activity, nutrient content, and wheat production. NanoB also increased wheat Cu uptake when mixed with nanoCu, a micronutrient essential for seed and chlorophyll production. Therefore, a mixture of nanobiochar and nanoCu would be recommended to farmers for improving their clayey loam soil quality and increasing Cu uptake and crop productivity in such agroecosystems
Digital systems for monitoring pests in apple production
No full textUvođenjem novih informacijskih tehnologija u preciznu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju razvijaju se digitalni sustavi za praćenje štetnika. Prednost je korištenja takvih sustava u pružanju informacija o prisutnosti štetnika i dinamici njegove populacije u nasadu u stvarnom vremenu, što pomaže proizvođačima u donošenju odluka o mjerama zaštite, u optimizaciji proizvodnje te pridonosi održivoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Stoga u posljednje vrijeme na tržištu raste broj razvijenih digitalnih sustava i dostupnih pametnih lovki za praćenje štetnika jabuke, posebno jabukova savijača, čija je točnost u prepoznavanju štetnika jednaka vizualnom pregledu stručnjaka. Osim jabukova savijača, korištenjem digitalnih sustava učinkovito se prate i drugi ekonomski štetnici jabuke, kao i štete, stoga bi njihovo korištenje u skoroj budućnosti moglo postati standard u proizvodnji jabuke i drugih poljoprivrednih kultura.With the introduction of new information technologies in precision agricultural production, digital systems are being developed for pest monitoring. The advantage of such systems is that they provide real-time information on the presence of pests and the dynamics of their population in the field, which helps producers make decisions on protective measures, optimize production, and contribute to sustainable agricultural production. Therefore, recently in the market there are more and more developed digital systems and available smart traps for monitoring apple pests, especially codling moth, whose accuracy in identifying pests is equal to the visual inspection of experts. In addition to codling moth, other economic apple pests, as well as damage, can be effectively monitored using digital systems, so their use may become a standard in the apple production of apples and other agricultural crops in the near future
The influence of mechanical weed control and manual hoeing on plot weed infestation and maize yield
No full textPokus s različitim varijantama suzbijanja korova u usjevu kukuruza proveden je u 2021. godini na lokaciji pored naselja Markovo Polje na praškasto ilovastom tlu. Primijenjene su tri varijante suzbijanja korova: 1. mehaničko suzbijanje korova između redova kukuruza motokultivatorom, a unutar redova ručno okopavanje motikom, 2. mehaničko suzbijanje korova samo između redova kukuruza motokultivatorom bez suzbijanja unutar redova, 3. bez ikakvog suzbijanja korova. Na pokusnom polju je pronađeno 14 različitih vrsta korova od kojih su prevladavali Amaranthus retroflexus (običan štir), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ambrozija), Chenopodium album (bijela loboda) i Sorghum halepense (divlji sirak). Najmanja zakorovljenost pokusnih parcela očekivano je bila na parcelama gdje je primijenjena varijanta 1 suzbijanja korova, kod varijante 2 je prosječna masa korova po 1 m2 bila 223%, a kod varijante 3 čak 334% veća u odnosu na varijantu 1. Prinosi kukuruza su bili obrnuto proporcionalni sa zakorovljenosti pokusnih parcela, najviši prinosi su ostvareni kod varijante 1 s prosjekom od 6015 kg ha-1, kod varijante 2 prosječni prinos je bio 2907 kg ha-1, a kod varijante 3 1242 kg ha-1. Kombinacija mehaničkog suzbijanja korova i ručnog okopavanja može biti alternativa korištenju herbicida na manjim obiteljskim gospodarstvima i u ekološkom uzgoju kukuruza.An experiment with different variants of weed control in the maize crop was carried out in 2021 at a location next to the Markovo Polje settlement on silty loam soil. Three variants of weed control were applied: 1. mechanical weed control between the maize rows with a motocultivator and manual hoeing within the rows, 2. mechanical weed control only between the maize rows with a motocultivator without control within the rows, 3. without any control of weeds. In the experimental field, 14 different types of weeds were found, of which Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album and Sorghum halepense prevailed. As expected, the lowest weed infestation of the experimental plots was on the plots where variant 1 of weed control was applied, in variant 2 the average mass of weeds per 1 m2 was 223%, and in variant 3 it was even 334% higher compared to variant 1. Maize yields were inversely proportional to the weed infestation of the experimental plots, the highest yields were achieved in variant 1 with an average of 6015 kg ha-1, in variant 2 the average yield was 2907 kg ha-1, and in variant 3 1242 kg ha-1. The combination of mechanical weed control and manual hoeing can be an alternative to the use of herbicides on smaller family farms and in organic maize production
Bioremediation of Battery Scrap Waste Contaminated Soils Using Coco Grass (Cyperus rotundus L.): A Prediction Modeling Study for Cadmium and Lead Phytoextraction
No full textWith the increasing demand for electronic devices that use batteries, e-waste is also becoming a major threat to the environment. Battery e-waste contains hazardous heavy metals that affect the health of the soil ecosystem. Thus, the present study evaluates the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) phytoextraction potential of coco grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) grown in soils contaminated with battery scrap waste (BSW). Pot experiments were conducted to grow C. rotundus under different treatments (0%: control, T1: 1%, T2: 2%, T3: 3%, and T4: 4%) of BSW mixed with soil (w/w). The results showed that BSW mixing significantly (p 0.98), model efficiency (ME > 0.99), and low root mean square error (RMSE < 5.72). However, the fitness results of the ANN models performed better compared with those of the MLR models. Overall, this study presents an efficient and sustainable strategy to eradicate hazardous HMs by growing C. rotundus on BSW-contaminated soils and reducing its environmental and health consequences
Does the Use of Perennials in Flower Beds Necessarily Imply Sustainability?
No full textGreen spaces are becoming increasingly important for cities due to the growing pressures of urbanization and climate change. Along with trees, shrubs, and lawns, flower beds are an important part of urban green spaces. The majority of flower beds in public spaces consist of annual and biennial flower species. Such seasonal flower beds feature eye-catching colors but require significant effort to maintain and manage. Compared to these conventional flower beds, those with herbaceous perennials are more ecologically effective and less costly to maintain, and therefore more sustainable. The aim of this research was to analyze flower beds with perennials in the public green spaces of the city of Zagreb and to develop a tool based on predefined criteria and indicators to evaluate the sustainability of flower beds. In the context of the research, sustainability meant appropriate selection of flower species based on environmental conditions (temperature, light, precipitation), species diversity, greater ground cover and extensiveness of maintenance. The research results showed that there were 327 flower beds with perennials planted in the ground. The constructed Flower Bed Sustainability Index (FBSI) showed that the majority of these perennial beds (56.3%) had a conventional character, as only 28.1% of the beds had a completely correct species selection. This result indicates that the use of perennials does not necessarily guarantee the sustainability of flower beds, since, as in the case of flower beds with seasonal flowers, it depends, among other things, on the correct selection of species adapted to local environmental conditions. The FBSI is shown to be a suitable tool for assessing the degree of sustainability of a flower bed and could be a useful tool in landscape design and management of such types of green spaces
Virtual students' market: by mobile application to multifunctional agriculture
No full textUpotreba mobilnih aplikacija za kupovinu dio je svakodnevice većine ljudi modernog doba, a takav pristup inovacijama i digitalizaciji poslovanja još je u početnoj fazi prihvaćanja u poljoprivrednoj djelatnosti, iako mobilne aplikacije za spajanje poljoprivrednika i kupaca predstavljaju koncept kratkog lanca opskrbe koji podržava ruralni razvoj i multifunkcionalnu poljoprivredu. Mladi ljudi brže prihvaćaju inovacije stoga smo se u ovom radu bavili razvojem aplikacije namijenjene studentima. U teorijskom dijelu bavili smo se ruralnim razvojem i njegovom primjenom u praksi, kratkim lancima opskrbe i inovacijama kao podršci multifunkcionalnoj poljoprivredi. U projektnom dijelu stvorili smo idejni plan razvoja mobilne aplikacije za trgovanje ruralnim i ostalim proizvodima i vještinama namijenjene studentskoj populaciji kroz primjenu metode logičkog okvira, kako bismo pokušali potaknuti stvaranje studentskog poduzetništva i bliskijih ruralno – urbanih veza među studentima.The use of mobile apps for shopping is the everyday norm for most people today. Such an approach to innovations and digitalization of business is still in an early phase of development in the agriculture business, although mobile apps for connecting farmers and customers present a concept of a short supply chain which supports rural development and multifunctional agriculture. Young people are inclined to accept innovations faster, so we concentrated on the development of an app aimed at students. In the theoretical part of our study, we looked at the rural development and its application in practice, short supply chains and innovations as a support for multifunctional agriculture. In the practical part of the work, we developed a concept for development of mobile app for trading of agricultural and other products and skills among student population. By applying logical methods, we sought to initiate and encourage the development of students' businesses and also to develop closer rural and urban links amongst students
Association of FASN, SCD and GH gene polymorphism with fat and fatty acid content in beef meat
No full textKakvoća i hranjiva vrijednost goveđeg mesa u značajnoj su mjeri određene sadržajem masti u
trupu i mesu te udjelom zasićenih i nezasićenih masnih kiselina u masnom tkivu. Dosadašnja
istraživanja u značajnoj su mjeri usredotočena na utvrđivanje učinaka negenetskih (hranidbe,
smještaja) i genetskih čimbenika na odlike fenotipa goveda u proizvodnji mesa, uključujući i
kakvoću mesa koja je značajno determinirana sadržajem i strukturom masnog tkiva. Sadržaj
masnih kiselina u mesu pobuđuje interes potrošača radi određenih potencijalnih zdravstvenih
učinaka te uvjetovanih senzornih učinaka. Nedavna istraživanja pretpostavila su više
potencijalnih gena koji utječu na odlaganje i metabolizam masti. Mogućnost neposrednog
djelovanja na kakvoću goveđeg mesa protežiranjem poželjnih alelnih varijanti kandidat gena
poticaj je predmetnom istraživanju. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi povezanost polimorfizma FASN,
SCD i GH gena sa sadržajem masti i masnih kiselina u mesu junadi. Istraživanje je provedeno
na 104 jedinke različitih genotipova (križanci Holstein pasmine s bikovima četiriju mesnih
pasmina, Belgian Blue, Piemontese, Limousin i Simmental; te junad čistokrvnih pasmina
Simmental, Hereford i Charolais pasmine). Junice su klane u dobi od 14 do 15 mjeseci, muška
junad u dobi od 19 do 20 mjeseci. Nakon klaoničke obrade trupova izvršena je ocjena
konformacije i prekrivenost masnim tkivom, a između 12. i 13. rebra izmjerena je debljina
supkutanog masnog tkiva i uzet uzorak MLD-a u svrhu određivanja sadržaja masnih kiselina.
Izolacija genomske DNA obavljena je GenELute Blood Genomic DNA kitom, a nakon PCR
umnažanja kodogene sekvence, detekcija alelnih varijanti FASN, SCD i GH gena učinjena
neposredno na gelu nakon cijepanja fragmenta restrikcijskim endonukleazama. Različitosti u
EUROP ocjeni zamašćenosti utvrđene su između GH-CG genotipa u odnosu na GH-CC/GG
(p=0,029), dok je sadržaj masnog i vezivnog tkiva SCD-CT gena imao veću vrijednost u
odnosu na SCD-TT/CC (p=0,044). Značajni utjecaj alelnog polimorfizma FASN gena utvrđen
je na sadržaj C24:1 n-9 i C22:2 n-6 masnih kiselina, sadržaj SFA te odnos ꞷ-6/ꞷ-3 masnih
kiselina. Zapažen je značajan utjecaj polimorfizma SCD gena na sadržaj C15:0, C17:0,
C18:2 n-6 i C18:3 n-3 masnih kiselina te na zbirne udijele SFA. Polimorfizam GH gena
značajno je utjecao na sadržaj C16:0 i C20:1 n-9 masnih kiselina te omjer ꞷ-6/ꞷ-3 masnih
kiselina. Istraživanjem je potvrđen određeni utjecaj polimorfizma FASN, SCD i GH gena na
sadržaj i zbirne udjele manjeg broja masnih kiselina. Utvrđeni učinci alelnih varijanti FASN,
SCD i GH gena podloga su za nastavak istraživanja na većem broju jedinki i drugim
genotipovima goveda uključenim u proizvodnju goveđeg mesa.Beef meat is generally considered a valuable source of nutrients. The quality and nutritional
value of beef is determined by the fat content and the content of fatty acids. Beef is a source
of desirable omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since the quality of the meat
and the content of the beef carcass are influenced by genetic and environmental factors,
numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of changing and improving the content
of fatty acids. Conducted genetic research has hypothesized several potential genes that affect
fat storage and metabolism. The aim of the work was to determine the association of FASN,
SCD and GH gene polymorphisms with the content of fat and fatty acids in beef. The research
was conducted on 104 individuals. For the purposes of the research, Holstein cows were
crossed with bulls of four beef breeds (Belgian Blue, Piemontese, Limousin and Simmental),
while Simmental, Hereford and Charolais were selected from purebred breeds. The heifers
were slaughtered at the age of 14 to 15 months and the bulls at the age of 19 to 20 months.
At 24-hour post-mortem processing of the carcasses, conformation and fat coverage was
evaluated. The subcutaneous fat tissue thickness was measured with a calliper over the m.
longissimus dorsi over the 12th and 13th rib at a point three-fourths of the length of the ribeye
from the split chine bone. Approximately 20 g of subcutaneous fat tissue was taken to
determine subcutaneous fatty acid composition and total lipids, while 100 g of MLD for the total
fatty acid composition. Extraction of DNA was carried out from blood using Blood Genomic
DNA kit. Detection of the FASN, SCD and GH polymorphism included PCR amplification and
subsequent digestion at 37 °C for 4 hours using MscI, Fnu4HI and Alui restriction
endonuclease, respectively. The allele and genotype frequencies were determined, while
statistical analysis was performed by general linear model.
No significant effect on carcass fat was observed among FASN genotypes. The FASN-AA
genotype had the lowest EUROP fat grade, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, MLD fat
content and fat/connective tissue percentage in 9th -11th part of the ribs. It was not determined
that other combinations of genotypes significantly affect carcass thickness and fatness,
although the p-values indicate certain relationships where the FASN-AA genotype has a lower
carcass fat value compared to the FASN-GG/GA genotypes and the FASN-GG genotype
(p=0.153 and p=0.211) and fat in MLD (p=0.438; p=0.366). In the SCD genotype, fat, and
connective tissue in the cross-section of the ribs had the highest value in the SCD-TT genotype
compared to the SCD-CC and SCD-CT genotypes (TT > CC > CT; p<0.100). However, a
significant difference (p=0.049) was observed between SCD-TT versus SCD-CT/CC
genotypes and between heterozygous SCD-CT versus SCD-TT/CC homozygous genotypes.
EUROP fat grade in GH genotypes had a high level of significance (p=0.053) with the highest
proportion of fat in the heterozygous GH-CG genotype (CG > CC > GG). It was also determined
that the fat content in the carcass was significantly lower in the heterozygous GH-GC genotype
compared to the GH-CC/GG genotypes (p=0.029). A significant difference between the content
of fat and connective tissue, with a higher value found in the GH-CC genotype compared to
the GH-CG/GG genotypes (p=0.046). Also, a difference was found between the content of fat
and connective tissue in the heterozygous GH-GC genotype compared to the homozygous
GH-CC/GG genotypes (p=0.034).
A significant influence of docosahexaenoic fatty acid was found in FASN-AA genotype
(p=0.024), while docosadiene had a significant influence in FASN-GG genotype compared to
GA/AA genotypes (p=0.009). FASN-GG genotype had a significant value of SFA (p=0.033)
and omega-6/omega-3 ratio (p=0.008). Nondecenoic (p=0.012), eicosadiene (p=0.002) and
docosahexaenoic (p=0.005) fatty acids were statistically more significant in the FASN-AA
genotype compared to the FASN-GA/GG genotypes, which was evident with nondecenoic acid
and in the FASN-GG/AA ratio (p=0.036) of homozygous FASN gene genotypes compared to
FASN-AA genotype. comparing only homozygous types of the FASN gene, the FASN-AA
genotype had a significant value for eicosadiene (p=0.013) and docosadiene (p=0.005) fatty
acids, but also for the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids (p=0.014). The SCD-CC/TT
genotype had a significant influence of pentadecanoic (p=0.049) and heptadenoic (p=0.020)
fatty acids compared to the SCD-TT genotype, behenic fatty acid had a significant influence in
the SCD-TT genotype (p=0.002), as well as total shares of PUFA (p=0.043), omega-3
(p=0.042) and omega-6 (p=0.044) fatty acids, while linoleic (p=0.029), α-linolenic (p=0.028)
and total shares of SFA (p=0.029) had SCD-CC genotype. The results of the comparison of
homozygous genotypes of the SCD gene showed significant values of PUFA (p=0.043),
omega-3 (p=0.042), omega-6 (p=0.044) and the ratio of PUFA/MUFA (p=0.039) fatty acids in
SCD-TT genotype.
GH-CG genotype had a significant value (p=0.039) of palmitic, while GH-GG (p=0.034) had
eicosane fatty acids, and GH-CC genotype (p=0.048) omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio. A
significant value of palmitic (p=0.018), non-decanoic (p=0.039) and eicosenoic (p=0.010) fatty
acids was shown by the GH-GG/GC genotype compared to the GH-CC genotype, which was
confirmed by comparing the heterozygous GH-GC genotype compared to homozygous GHGG/CC genotypes where nondecanoic acid had a significant p-value (p=0.040). The results of
the comparison of only homozygous genotypes of the GH gene showed a significant value of
eicosane fatty acid (p=0.044) in the dominant GH-GG genotype, while the ratio of omega6/omega-3 fatty acids was significant in the GH-CC genotype (p=0.048).
This research did not establish a significant increase in the content of saturated fatty acids in
the muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue of beef cattle, but a significant influence (p<0.05) of
FASN, SCD and GH gene polymorphisms on individual fatty acids and on the total proportion
of unsaturated fatty acids was determined. Based on the results of the research in question, it
is possible to conclude that more favourable quotients of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ratios
of ꞷ-6/ꞷ-3 fatty acids were determined in the meat of the researched animals. The obtained
research results are significantly different from the authors mentioned in the paper itself,
although the methods used are very similar or identical to those of fellow researchers. One of
the possible reasons may be in the allele frequencies and genotypes of the FASN, SCD and
GH genes, certainly the sampling itself (number of samples) and the methodology of work and
data processing. The explanation of the obtained results of various studies can be that
polymorphisms of the FASN, SCD and GH genes did not significantly affect the composition
of fatty acids, that the markers are not strong enough (informative) if crossbreeds are used in
the research (due to the different frequency of allelic variants), while a small number of breeds
and the number of sampled individuals should be increased in order to make the research
even more extensive and complex. In any case, this research laid a good foundation for further
expansion of the study of the mentioned genes and their influence of polymorphism on the
composition of fat and fatty acids in beef meat
Morphology of fruits and endocarps of autochthonous olive varieties in organic production
No full textU Hrvatskoj je Istra najsjevernija zona uzgoja maslina, a prema svjetskim podacima pripada u
hladnu zonu uzgoja masline. U radu su prikazane morfološke karakteristike plodova i koštica
(endokarpa) autohtonih i introduciranih sorata maslina u ekološkoj proizvodnji na području
Buja u klimatološkoj godini 2022. Morfološki su se okarakterizirale autohtone sorte: 'Istarska
bjelica', 'Črnica' i 'Porečka rosulja' te introducirane sorte: 'Leccino', 'Pendolino', 'Moraiolo' i
'Frantoio'. Prikaz morfoloških karakteristika plodova i koštica (endokarpa) obavljen je prateći
smjernice metodologije za primarnu karakterizaciju sorata maslina prema IOC-u. Sorta
'Porečka rosulja' je imala najveću masu plodova, a sorta 'Pendolino' najmanju masu. Sorte
'Porečka rosulja' i 'Pendolino imaju maksimalni promjer bliže bazi ploda, a ostale promatrane
sorte imaju na sredini ploda. Sorte 'Črnica', 'Leccino' i 'Moraiolo' nema prisutno ispupčenje na
vrhu ploda, sorte 'Pendolino' i 'Frantoio' imaju jedva vidljivo, a sorte 'Porečka rosulja'' i Istarska
bjelica' imaju prisutno ispupčenje. Sorte 'Istarska bjelica', 'Leccino' i 'Moraiolo' imaju jednako
bojenje u fazi zriobe ploda po cijeloj dužini, sorta 'Frantoio' ima bliže bazi ploda, a kod ostalih
sorata je obojenje ploda započinje bliže vrhu ploda. Promatrane sorte ukazuju na unutar sortne
morfološke varijabilnosti u karakteristikama ploda i koštica (endokarpa).Istria is the northernmost olive-growing region in Croatia and belongs to the cold olive-growing
zone according to worldwide data. This paper presents the morphological characteristics of
fruits and pits of autochthonous and introduced olive varieties in organic cultivation in the Buje
area in the climatological year 2022. The autochthonous varieties: 'Istarska bjelica', 'Črnica' and
'Porečka rosulja' and the introduced varieties: 'Leccino', 'Pendolino', 'Moraiolo' and 'Frantoio'
were morphologically characterised. The presentation of the morphological characteristics of
fruits and endocarps was done according to the guidelines of the methodology for primary
characterisation of olive varieties according to the IOC. The variety 'Porečka Rosulja' had the
highest fruit weight, the variety 'Pendolino' the lowest. In the varieties 'Porečka Rosulja' and
'Pendolino' the maximum diameter is closer to the base of the fruit, while in the other observed
varieties it is in the middle of the fruit. The cultivars 'Črnica', 'Leccino' and 'Moraiolo' have no
bulge on the top of the fruit, the cultivars 'Pendolino' and 'Frantoio' have a barely visible bulge,
and the cultivars 'Porečka rosulja' and 'Istarska bjelica' have a bulge. The cultivars 'Istarska
bjelica', 'Leccino' and 'Moraiolo' have the same colouration along the entire length of the fruit
when ripe, in the cultivar 'Frantoio' it is closer to the base of the fruit and in the other cultivars
the colouration of the fruit starts closer to the tip of the fruit. The varieties observed indicate
intravarietal morphological variability in fruit and endocarp characteristics