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Perceived benefits and barriers in the purchase and consumption of omega-3 enriched eggs
No full textCilj rada je ispitati percipirane koristi i barijere potrošača u kupnji i konzumaciji jaja
obogaćenih omega-3 masnim kiselinama te utvrditi povezanost sociodemografskih obilježja i
ponašanja potrošača u kupnji i konzumaciji jaja obogaćenih omega-3 masnim kiselinama.
Online anketno istraživanje provedeno je na prigodnom uzorku od 159 ispitanika u Hrvatskoj.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako više od polovice ispitanika nije upoznato s omega-3
obogaćenim jajima dok 40 % navodi da znaju više o ovom proizvodu. Samo 18 % ukupnog
broja ispitanika izjasnilo se kako kupuje takva jaja i to najčešće u supermarketima. Kao najveću
barijeru pri kupnji ovog proizvoda ispitanici navode cijenu i dostupnost jaja. Kao najveću korist
konzumacije ovih jaja ispitanici ocjenjuju njihov doprinos u smanjenju rizika obolijevanja od
kroničnih kardiovaskularnih bolesti i bolesti krvnih žila.
S obzirom na to kako se današnji potrošači sve više okreću zdravijim navikama i prate novitete
u prehrambenim trendovima, postoji potencijal za daljnji rast potražnje za omega-3 obogaćenim
jajima. Rezultati mogu pomoći pri oblikovanju marketinške strategije s ciljem povećanja
prodaje omega-3 obogaćenih jaja.The aim of this study is to examine consumers' perceived benefits and barriers in purchasing
and consuming eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, and to determine the relationship
between socio-demographic characteristics and consumer behavior in the purchase and
consumption of omega-3 enriched eggs. An online survey was conducted on a convenience
sample of 159 respondents in Croatia.
The research results showed that more than half of the respondents are not familiar with omega-
3 enriched eggs, while 40% state that they know more about this product. Only 18% of the total
number of respondents reported buying such eggs, mostly in supermarkets. The biggest barrier
to purchasing this product, as indicated by respondents, is the price and availability of the eggs.
The greatest benefit of consuming these eggs, according to respondents, is their contribution to
reducing the risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases and vascular diseases.
Considering that today's consumers are increasingly adopting healthier habits and keeping up
with innovations in dietary trends, there is potential for further growth in the demand for omega-
3 enriched eggs. These results can help shape a marketing strategy aimed at increasing the sales
of omega-3 enriched eggs
Nutritional composition of fresh nettle leaf packaged in modified atmosphere conditions
No full textSvježi list koprive bogatog je nutritivnog sastava te obiluje brojnim fitokemikalijama visokog antioksidacijskog kapaciteta, a zbog čega je to zeleno lisnato povrće vrlo značajnih funkcionalnih vrijednosti. S obzirom na visoku stopu respiracije, očuvanje nutritivnih i senzorskih svojstava svježeg lista koprive kroz određeno razdoblje čuvanja izuzetno je zahtjevan proces, a posebice u svrhu konzumacije u svježem stanju. Stoga je i cilj ovoga istraživanja bio utvrditi promjenu sadržaja specijaliziranih metabolita (SM) svježeg lista kultivirane koprive pakiranog u uvjetima modificirane atmosfere tijekom razdoblja čuvanja od 9 dana. Kopriva korištena u istraživanju uzgojena je u hidroponskom sustavu dotjecanja i otjecanja. Za potrebe pakiranja varirana su dva ambalažna materijala, biaksijalno orijentirani polipropilen (BOPP) i polietilen niske gustoće (PE-LD) koje karakteriziraju različita barijerna svojstva (propusnost na plinove, vodenu paru itd.), a za potrebe pakiranja u uvjetima modificirane atmosfere kombiniran je sljedeći sastav plinova: atmosfera A: 5 % O2 i 10 % CO2; atmosfera B: 5 % O2 i 5 % CO2. Kontrolni uzorak predstavljao je zapakirani svježi list koprive u spomenuta dva tipa ambalažnog materijala u normalnoj atmosferi (zrak). Zapakirani svježi listovi koprive skladišteni su u razdoblju od 9 dana na temperaturi 4 ± 2 °C prosječne vlažnosti zraka od 60 %. Tijekom navedenog razdoblja analizirao se sadržaj: vitamina C, ukupnih fenola (flavonoida i neflavonoida), ukupnih klorofila (klorofila a i b), ukupnih karotenoida te antioksidacijski kapacitet. Nakon 9 dana skladištenja, uzorci lista koprive pakiranog u BOPP ambalažnom materijalu imali su viši sadržaj vitamina C, ukupnih polifenola, ukupnih klorofila te sukladno navedenom viši antioksidacijski kapacitet, dok su pak uzorci pakirani u PE-LD materijal imali značajno veći sadržaj ukupnih karotenoida. Atmosfera sastava 5 % O2 i 10 % CO2 prilikom pakiranja u modificiranoj atmosferi utjecala je na održavanje visokog udjela vitamina C, ukupnih polifenola, ukupnih klorofila te antioksidacijskog kapaciteta, dok je atmosfera sastava 5 % O2 i 5 % CO2 pogodovala višoj koncentraciju karotenoida u svježem zapakiranom listu koprive. Temeljem rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti kako ambalažni materijal BOPP, kao i atmosfera plinskog sastava: 5 % O2 i 10 % CO2 pridonose ne samo očuvanju specijaliziranih metabolita, nego dolazi i do porasta u koncentracijama specijaliziranih metabolita tijekom razdoblja skladištenja (9 dana) u odnosu na svježi list koprive.The fresh nettle leaf has a rich nutritional composition and is rich in numerous phytochemicals with high antioxidant capacity, which is why it is a green leafy vegetable with very significant functional values. Considering the high respiration rate, maintaining the nutritional and sensory properties of a fresh nettle leaf over a storage period is an extremely demanding process, especially for fresh consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine changes in the content of specific metabolites (SM) in fresh nettle leaves packed under modified atmosphere during a storage period of 9 days. The nettle used in this study was grown in a hydroponic system with inflow and outflow. Two packaging materials, biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), characterized by different barrier properties (permeability to gases, water vapor, etc.) were used for packaging. For modified atmosphere packaging, the following gas composition was combined: Atmosphere A: 5 % O2 and 10 % CO2; Atmosphere B: 5 % O2 and 5 % CO2. The control sample was a fresh nettle leaf packed in the above two different types of packing material under normal atmosphere (air). The packed fresh nettle leaves were stored for 9 days at a temperature of 4 ± 2 °C and an average humidity of 60 %. During this period, the content of: Vitamin C, total phenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids), total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and b), total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity were analysed. After 9 days of storage, the nettle leaf samples packed in BOPP packaging material showed higher content of vitamin C, total polyphenols, total chlorophyll and, accordingly, higher antioxidant capacity, while the samples packed in PE-LD showed significantly higher content of total carotenoids. The atmosphere with the composition of 5 % O2 and 10 % CO2 during packaging in a modified atmosphere influenced the maintenance of high levels of vitamin C, total polyphenols, total chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity, while the atmosphere with the composition of 5 % O2 and 5 % CO2 favoured a higher concentration of carotenoids in freshly packaged nettle leaves. From the research results, it can be concluded that both the packaging material BOPP and the gas composition of the atmosphere: 5 % O2 and 10 % CO2 not only contributed to the preservation of specialized metabolites, but also to an increase in the concentrations of specialized metabolites during the storage period (9 days) compared to fresh nettle leaf
The influence of microorganisms on the bioremediation process and the significance of the genus Pseudomonas in bioremediation
No full textRazličite grane industrije, urbanizacija i rast svjetskog stanovništva dovode do sve većeg zagađenja okoliša i narušava zdravlje ljudi i ekosustava. Onečišćujuće tvari u tlu dovode do oštećenja ili gubitka određenih funkcija i kakvoće tla. Jedna od metoda koja se koriste za sanaciju onečišćenih tala je bioremedijacija. Bioremedijacija koristi mikroorganizme da bi se smanjila koncentracija štetnih tvari u tlu, najčešće tako da ih se razgrađuje do produkata koji su manje ili nisu uopće štetni (ugljikov dioksid, vodu i biomasu).
Na uspješnost bioremedijacije tla utječu brojni okolišni čimbenici, poput vrste i aktivnosti/brojnosti mikroorganizama, temperature tla, pH tla, vrsti onečišćivača, organske tvari u tlu te sadržaj biljnih hranjiva. Upotrebom in situ i ex situ metoda bioremedijacije mogu se efikasno ukloniti anorganska i organska onečišćenja u tlu. Mikrobni enzimi su velikim dijelom zaslužni za uspješnost bioremedijacije, jer pretvaraju štetne tvari ili ih transformiraju velikom brzinom u manje štetne i okolišu prihvatljive. Vrste iz bakterijskog roda Pseudomonas imaju velik potencijal za razgradnju štetnih tvari zbog svojih fizioloških i metaboličkih aktivnosti. Uspješno uklanjaju onečišćenja koja najviše potječu iz industrije poput teških metala, pesticida i ugljikovodika.Various branches of industry, urbanization and the growth of the world's population lead to increasing environmental pollution and damage the health of people and ecosystems. Polluting substances in the soil lead to damage or loss of certain functions and quality of the soil. One of the methods used for remediation of contaminated soils is bioremediation. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the soil, usually by breaking them down to products that are less or not harmful at all (carbon dioxide, water and biomass).
The success of soil bioremediation is influenced by numerous factors, such as the type and activity/number of microorganisms, soil temperature, soil pH, type of pollutant, organic matter in the soil, and the content of plant nutrients. By using in situ and ex situ bioremediation methods, inorganic and organic pollution in the soil can be effectively removed. Microbial enzymes are largely responsible for the success of bioremediation, because they convert harmful substances or transform them at a high speed into less harmful and environmentally acceptable ones. Species from the bacterial genus Pseudomonas have a great potential for the degradation of harmful substances due to their physiological and metabolic activities. They successfully remove pollutants that mostly come from industry, such as heavy metals, pesticides and hydrocarbons
Effect of soil improvers on phytoremediation of cadmium and mercury from soil using grass miscanthus x giganteus
No full textIstraživanje prezentirano u ovom radu provedeno je u završnoj godini trogodišnjeg eksperimenta koji se provodio na Agronomskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu u razdoblju od 2018. do 2021. godine. Glavni cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih poboljšivača (čisto tlo – kontrola, otpadni mulj iz bioplinskog postrojenja, mikoriza, pepeo MxG) na fitoremedijaciju tla onečišćenog s kadmijem i živom pomoću trave miskantus (Miscanthus x giganteus – MxG), energetske kulture koja se zbog svojih odlika (višegodišnji rast, visoka produktivnost i otpornost) koristi u proizvodnji biomase. Eksperimentalni dizajn postavljen je u plastičnim posudama prema slučajnom bloknom rasporedu, u četiri tretmana i tri ponavljanja. Tretmani su se međusobno razlikovali po dodanom poboljšivaču, dok je razina onečišćenja bila jednaka (100 mg Cd/kg tla i 20 mg Hg/kg tla). Kemijskim analizama određeni su parametri tla te podzemne (rizomi) i nadzemne biomase miskantusa. Prinos se kretao između 5,0 – 5,5 t ST/ha, sadržaj kadmija između 5,98 – 7,12 mg/kg, a sadržaj žive između 41,78 – 101,79 μg/kg u nadzemnoj biomasi. Sadržaj kadmija u podzemnoj biomasi kretao se između 44,3 – 57,2 mg/kg, a žive između 4,24 – 6,05 mg/kg. Koeficijent obogaćivanja (EC) u nadzemnoj biomasi za Cd kretao se između 0,060 i 0,071, što ukazuje na slabu akumulaciju Cd nadzemnom biomasom; a za Hg između 0,002 i 0,005, što znači da miskantus ne akumulira živu u nadzemnoj biomasi. EC u podzemnoj biomasi za Cd se kretao između 0,44 i 0,57, a za Hg između 0,21 i 0,30 što miskantus svrstava u kategoriju biljaka koje usvajaju umjerene količine Cd i Hg. Faktor translokacije (TF) za Cd kretao se između 0,104 i 0,145, a za Hg između 0,008 i 0,024. Dodani poboljšivači nisu imali značajan utjecaj na fitoremedijaciju kadmija i žive iz jako onečišćenog tla. Utvrđeno je da je onečišćenje visokim koncentracijama Cd i Hg nadjačalo utjecaj dodanih poboljšivača. Onečišćenje teškim metalima negativno je utjecalo na prinos. Pokazalo se da pri onečišćenju kadmijem i živom u ispitivanim koncentracijama miskantus nije najprikladniji izbor za fitoekstrakciju jer nadzemnom biomasom godišnje odnosi niske koncentracije teških metala, a vrijednosti u nadzemnoj biomasi premašuju dozvoljene za njeno sigurno spaljivanje. Prema izračunatom koeficijentu obogaćivanja i faktoru translokacije miskantus je pogodniji za korištenje u procesu fitostabilizacije i proizvodnji biomase na tlima umjereno kontaminiranim teškim metalima.The research presented in this paper was conducted in the last year of a three-year experiment conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, from 2018 to 2021. The main objective of this work was to determine the influence of different amedments (clean soil – control, waste sludge from a biogas plant, mycorrhiza, MxG ash) on phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium and mercury using Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus – MxG), an energy crop used in biomass production due to its characteristics (perennial growth, high productivity and resistance). The experiment was set up in plastic pots as a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments differed from each other by the addition of amedments, while the pollutant levels were the same (100 mg Cd/kg soil and 20 mg Hg/kg soil). Soil parameters and below-ground (rhizomes) and above-ground biomass of Miscanthus were determined by chemical analysis. Yield ranged from 5,0 – 5,5 t ST /ha, cadmium content ranged from 5,98 – 7,12 mg/kg, and mercury content ranged from 41,78 – 101,79 μg/kg in aboveground biomass. Cadmium content in belowground biomass ranged from 44,3 – 57,2 mg/kg and mercury content ranged from 4,24 – 6,05 μg/kg. The enrichment coefficient (EC) in the aboveground biomass ranged from 0,060 to 0,071 for Cd, indicating weak enrichment of Cd in the aboveground biomass, and from 0,002 to 0,005 for Hg, indicating that Miscanthus does not enrich mercury in the aboveground biomass. The EC in belowground biomass ranged from 0,44 to 0,57 for Cd and from 0,21 to 0,30 for Hg, placing Miscanthus in the category of plants that accumulate moderate amounts of Cd and Hg. The translocation factor (TF) for Cd ranged from 0,104 to 0,145, and that for Hg ranged from 0,008 to 0,024. The added soil amendments had no significant effect on the phytoremediation of Cd and Hg from heavily contaminated soils. It was found that contamination with high Cd and Hg concentrations overrode the effect of the added soil amendments. Heavy metal contamination had a negative effect on yield. Miscanthus was found not to be the best choice for phytoextraction when contaminated with Cd and Hg at the concentrations tested, because it accumulates and removes low concentrations of heavy metals per year via the aboveground biomass, and the levels in the aboveground biomass exceed those allowed for its safe combustion. According to the calculations of EC and TF, Miscanthus is better suited for phytostabilization and biomass production on soils moderately polluted with heavy metals
Automatic sprayer operation control
No full textU radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja kroz pojašnjen pristup rada automatske kontrole rada prskalice. Prikazani su moderni sustavi za nivelaciju armature upotrebom senzora i ukazana važnost korištenja GIS navođenja kao glavne smjernice precizne poljoprivrede. U radu su dani konkretni primjeri prskalica na kojima su postavljeni automatski sustavi poput Amatron 3, Arag sustav, BoomTrac Pro gdje su ukazane sve prednosti navedenih. Korištenjem suvremene tehnike i dodatne digitalne opreme omogućena je kvalitetna aplikacija zaštitnih sredstava uz višestruke uštede.The paper presents a modern agricultural technique in the protection of plants through a clarified approach to the operation of the automatic control of the sprinkler operation. Modern systems for leveling reinforcement using sensors are presented and the importance of using GIS guidance as the main guideline of precision agriculture is shown. The paper presents concrete examples of sprayers on which automatic systems such as Amatron 3, Arag system, BoomTrac Pro are installed, where all the advantages of the aforementioned are shown. The use of modern technology and additional digital equipment enables the high-quality application of protective medium with multiple savings
Dynamics of grape drying and changes in 'Plavina' grape quality under controlled conditions in production of prošek
No full textProsušivanje grožđa jedan je od ključnih postupaka u proizvodnji prošeka, desertnog vina s dugom tradicijom proizvodnje u Hrvatskoj. Tradicionalne sorte koje su se koristile u proizvodnji prošeka su autohtone sorte Dalmacije. Jedna od sorata koja se zbog svoje rasprostranjenosti i karakteristika može koristiti u proizvodnji prošeka je autohtona sorta 'Plavina'. Tradicionalna proizvodnja prošeka uključuje prosušivanje grožđa na zraku, međutim razvojem tehnologije otvorile su se i mogućnosti sušenja u kontroliranim uvjetima. Stoga je cilj rada bio utvrditi promjene kakvoće grožđa sorte 'Plavina crna' u kontroliranim uvjetima sušenja. Rezultati su pokazali kako je sušenjem došlo do koncentriranja sadržaja bobice te se povećao sadržaj šećera i organskih kiselina. Prosušivanjem se smanjio sadržaj polifenolnih i hlapljivih spojeva. Kako bi se utvrdio točan utjecaj na konačni proizvod, potrebna su daljnja istraživanjaGrape drying is one of the key processes in prošek production, a sweet wine with long production history in Croatia. Traditional grape varieties use din prošek produsction are Dalmatian native varieties. One of the varieties that can be used due to its characteristics and cultivation area is 'Plavina'. Traditional prošek production includes sun-drying. However, with technology development the drying in contolled conditions was enabled. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the changes in the grape quality of 'Plavina' during the drying in controlled conditions. Results showed that during the drying process the berry content was concentrated due to which sugar content and total acidity increased. On the other hand, the polyphenolic and volatile compounds decresed. To determine specific influences on final product, further research is necessary
Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and a Specimen of Vitis sylvestris
No full textThe biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (‘Plavac mali crni’, ‘Istrian Malvasia’, ‘Graševina’, and ‘Tribidrag’), and one wild (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar ‘Istrian Malvasia’ responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg−1 dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). ‘Graševina’ differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg−1 dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (TIP2;1 and PIP2;1) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent
Agroecological features in the area of the melioration channel for irrigation of the Biđ-bosut field
No full textOsnovne agroekološke značajke (geografske, klimatske, hidrografske, hidropedološke i poljoprivredne) opisane u ovom radu promatrane su na području dovodnog Melioracijskog kanala za navodnjavanje Biđbosutskog polja (DMKBBP). Prikazani pokazatelji dobrim se dijelom temelje na istraživanjima vezanim u sklopu višegodišnjeg (2000.-2022.) projekta, odnosno monitoringa „Vodnog režima poljoprivrednih tala i kakvoće vode na području DMKBBP“, kojeg provodi Agronomski fakultet u Zagrebu. U okviru navedenih praćenja uočene su zanimljive promjene koje valja posebno naglasiti. Primjetno je značajno klimatsko „zasušivanje“ prvenstveno povezano s trendom povišenja srednjih, a posebice maksimalnih temperatura zraka. Također, uočen je trend značajnog povećanja nedostatka (manjka) vode u tlu. Zamjetno je i opadanje srednjih i maksimalnih vrijednosti vodostaja, posebice rijeka Save, Biđa i Bosuta. Temeljni načini vlaženja tala, posebice hipoglejni i humoglejni, osjetno su narušeni zbog značajnog sniženja razine podzemne vode u tlu. U sklopu tradicionalnog uzgoja poljoprivrednih kultura (suho ratarenje) primjetni su ozbiljni problemi zbog nedostatne količine vode (vlage) u tlu. Shodno navedenom, može se zaključiti da je potreba za navodnjavanjem uzgajanih kultura žurna i neizbježna ukoliko želimo stabilnu i ekonomski opravdanu biljnu proizvodnju.The basic agroecological features (geographical, climatic, hydrographical, hydropedological and agricultural) described in this paper were observed in the area of the Melioration Channel for the Irrigation of the Biđ-Bosut Field (MCIBF). The presented indicators are largely based on researches related to the multiyear (2000-2022) project, i.e. monitoring of the "Water regime of agricultural soils and water quality in the MCIBF area", which is carried out by the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb. As part of the aforementioned monitoring, interesting changes were observed that should be emphasized. It is noticeable that significant climatic "drying" is primarily connected with the trend of increasing average, and especially maximum air temperatures. Also, a trend of a significant increase in the lack of water in the soil was observed. There is also a noticeable decrease in the average and maximum values of water levels, especially of Sava, Biđ and Bosut rivers. The fundamental ways of soil wetting, especially hypogleic and humogleic, have been significantly impaired due to a significant decrease in the groundwater level in the soil. As part of the traditional cultivation of agricultural crops (dry farming), serious problems are noticeable due to the insufficient amount of water (moisture) in the soil. Based on the mentioned above, it can be concluded that the need for irrigation of cultivated crops is urgent and inevitable if we want stable and economically justified plant production
The condition of macrozoobenthic invertebrates of a backwater of Drava (Halasz Csarda) and lake Šoderica
No full textPoznato je da se putem analize makrozoobentosa može dobiti uvid u ekološko stanje voda. U ovom radu se napravila identifikacija i usporedba organizama koji nastanjuju Halasz Csardu i određeno područje rijeke Drave, dok je pristup jezeru Šoderica bio onemogućen, čime se dobio uvid u stupanj zagađenja tih područja. Ljudska aktivnost na pojedinim lokacijama može značajno utjecati na kvalitetu i sastav vode. Tijekom svibnja, lipnja i srpnja uzimali su se uzorci makrozoobentosa sa obje lokacije te su identificirani do najniže moguće taksonomske kategorije. Izračunom Shannon-Wienerovog i Simpsonovog indeksa došlo se do zaključka da je na obje lokacije diverzitet vrsta nizak, i da je sastav vrsta na lokacijama sličan. Putem sakupljenih indikatorskih vrsta, tj. putem proučavanja otpornosti tih organizama na stupanj onečišćenja vode, došlo se i do zaključka da je njena kvaliteta na obje lokacije barem srednjeg stupnja onečišćenja, iako je na rijeci Dravi njena kvaliteta malo viša.It’s known that the analysis of macrozoobenthos can provide insight into the ecological status of bodies of water. This paper will identify and compare the organisms that inhabit Halasz Csarda and a specific area of the Drava River, while lake Šoderica was inaccessible, providing insight into the degree of pollution in those areas. Human activity in certain locations can significantly affect the quality and composition of water. During May, June, and July, samples of macrozoobenthos were taken from both locations and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic category. By calculating Shannon-Wiener’s and Simpson’s indexes, it’s been concluded that both locations have low diversity of species and show a uniform structure of species in both locations. By studying the gathered indicator species and their resistances to varying degrees of pollution, it’s been concluded that the state of both locations points to at least a medium level of pollution, with Drava’s water quality being of a marginally better condition
Inheritance of horse skin diseases
No full textKoža je najveći organ na tijelu koji ima zaštitnu, osjetnu i regulatornu funkciju. Lošom brigom i pod utjecajem raznih čimbenika koža može biti podložna raznim bolestima. Iako genetika regulira razvoj organa, na fenotip jedinki imaju utjecaj i vanjski čimbenici koji mogu biti ključni za pojavu bolesti. Stoga je za provođenje uspješne terapije potrebno postavljanje ispravne dijagnoze i pronalazak uzročnika. Važno je pokušati smanjiti mogućnost prijenosa genetskih uzročnika kožnih bolesti na daljnje potomke. Takve metode mogu se primijeniti jedino ukoliko nam je poznata genetska pozadina jedinke. Zdrave, skladne, izdržljive i otporne životinje koje će dati iste takve potomke cilj su svake proizvodnje, tako i kod konja. Važno je da konji nisu oboljeli nekom od kožnih bolesti jer to ujedno znači i da im je narušeno opće zdravstveno stanje organizma. Kod konja se pokazuje značajan interes za vanjštinu, osobito kod onih koji se koriste u svrhe razonode i sporta. Sve više se ulaže u otkrivanje, dijagnosticiranje i provođenje uspješnih terapija kod konja.The skin is the largest organ on the body that has a protective, sensory, and regulatory function. With poor care and under the influence of various factors, the skin can be susceptible to various diseases. Although genetics regulate the development of organs, the phenotype of individuals is also influenced by external factors that can be crucial for the appearance of disease. Therefore, to carry out successful therapy, it is necessary to make a right diagnosis and find the causative agent. It is important to try to reduce the possibility of transmission of genetic causes of skin diseases to further offspring. Such methods can only be applied if we know the genetic background of the individual. The goal of every production, including horses are healthy, harmonious, hardy, and resistant animals that will produce the same offspring as they are. It is important that the horses are not suffering from any of the skin diseases, because this also means that their general health condition is impaired. There is a significant interest in horse exterior, especially those used for leisure and sport. More and more investments are being made in discovering, diagnosing, and implementing successful therapies in horse diseases