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Nickel concentration in five wild edible saprotrophic mushroom species collected from Croatia
No full textCilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi bioakumulacijski potencijal, odnosno koncentraciju teškog metala nikla (Ni) u pet vrsta jestivih saprotrofnih gljiva (Agaricus campestris L., Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P.Kumm., Clitocybe inversa (Sowerby) Vizzini, Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch), P.Kumm., i Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer) prikupljenih sa sedam lokaliteta (Trakošćan, Medvednica, Petrova gora, Skrad, Krk, Labinština i Motovun) na području Republike Hrvatske. U tu su svrhu prikupljeni uzorci šumskog tla i gljiva (klobuk i stručak) u periodu od siječnja do prosinca 2021. godine te su isti analizirani pomoću optičke emisijske spektrometrije s induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-OES). Rezultati su pokazali da je u svim uzorcima tla prisutan Ni u rasponu od 1,62 do 3,55 mg kg-1, dok je u dijelovima klobuka, svih pet vrsta gljiva, sadržaj Ni veći nego u dijelovima stručka. Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost između dostupnosti Ni u tlu i prosječne koncentracije Ni (mg kg-1) u anatomskim dijelovima klobuku i stručku vrsta: A. campestris (BSAF=3,08 i 2,22), A. mellea (BSAF=2,59 i 1,55), C. inversa (BSAF=2,38 i 1,75), C. nebularis (BSAF=2,56 i 1,91) i M. procera (BSAF=2,94 i 1,94). Procijenjeni dnevni unos Ni konzumacijom analiziranih gljiva bio je ispod graničnih vrijednosti, kako je sugerirano modeliranjem unosa hranom (DIM) i vrijednostima indeksa zdravstvenog rizika (HRI). Stoga, ovo istraživanje naglašava važnost utvrđivanja potencijala bioakumulacije Ni samoniklih jestivih gljiva, kao i mogućih zdravstvenih opasnosti povezanih s njihovom konzumacijom.The aim of this paper was to determine the bioaccumulation potential, i.e., the concentration of the heavy metal nickel (Ni) in five species of edible saprotrophic fungi (Agaricus campestris L., Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P.Kumm., Clitocybe inversa (Sowerby) Vizzini, Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch), P.Kumm., i Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) from seven localities (Trakošćan, Medvednica, Petrova gora, Skrad, Krk, Labinština and Motovun) in the Republic of Croatia. For this purpose, samples of forest soil and mushrooms (cap and stem) were collected in the period from January to December 2021 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the Ni content in all soil samples ranged from 1.62 to 3.55 mg kg-1, while the Ni content in the parts of the caps of all five fungal species was higher than in the parts of the stem. A positive correlation was observed between the availability of Ni in the soil and the average Ni concentration (mg kg-1) in the anatomical parts of the cap and the stipe of the species: A. campestris (BSAF=3.08 and 2.22), A. mellea (BSAF=2.59 and 1.55), C. inversa (BSAF=2.38 and 1.75), C. nebularis (BSAF=2.56 and 1.91), and M. procera (BSAF=2.94 and 1.94). The estimated daily Ni intake from the consumption of the studied mushrooms was below the thresholds, as suggested by the dietary intake modeling (DIM) and the health risk index (HRI) values. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of determining the Ni bioaccumulation potential of wild edible mushrooms and the potential health risks associated with their consumption
Determination of volatile components in mandarin flower
No full textIstraživanje mirisnih komponenata cvjetova proučavano je tijekom posljednjih deset godina kako bi se razumjela biosinteza, emisija, regulacija i ekološki utjecaji emitiranih cvjetnih hlapljivih spojeva. Cvjetni mirisi igraju važnu ulogu, posebno u komunikaciji između cvjetajućih biljaka i njihovih oprašivača, kao i u odbijanju herbivora. U ovom radu fokusiralo se na cvjetove tri različite sorte japanske mandarine Unshiu: Chahare, Okitsu i Saigon, s ciljem identifikacije kemijskih spojeva u njihovim hlapljivim komponentama te istraživanje sličnosti i razlika među sortama iste citrusne vrste. Analiza uzoraka provedena je pomoću SPME-GC-MS tehnike, koja je pokazala da su terpeni bili kvantitativno najzastupljeniji spojevi kod sve tri sorte, s postotkom monoterpena od 58,57% za Chaharu, 60% za Okitsu i 36,43% za Saigon. Svaka od tih sorti imala je jedinstveni mirisni profil s identificiranim specifičnim hlapljivim komponentama koje su se razlikovale neovisno o dominantnim spojevima. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da se miris različitih sorti iste citrusne vrste može znatno razlikovati, ovisno o specifičnim mirisnim karakteristikama i udjelu pojedinih komponenata.Research on the aromatic components of flowers has been conducted over the last ten years
to understand the biosynthesis, emission, regulation, and ecological impacts of emitted
floral volatile compounds. Floral scents play a significant role, particularly in the
communication between flowering plants and their pollinators, as well as in deterring
herbivores. Using the example of the flowers of three varieties of Japanese mandarins
(Unshiu): Chahare, Okitsu, and Saigon, the aim was to identify the chemical compounds in
their volatile components and explore the similarities and differences among varieties of the
same citrus species. Sample analysis was carried out using the SPME-GC-MS technique,
revealing that monoterpenes were quantitatively the most abundant compounds in all three
varieties, accounting for 58.57% in Chahare, 60% in Okitsu, and 36.43% in Saigon. Each of
these varieties had a unique aromatic profile with specific volatile components identified,
which differed independently of the dominant compounds. These results indicate that the
scent of different varieties within the same citrus species can vary significantly depending on
specific aromatic characteristics and the proportion of individual components
Agronomic and nutritive properties of tomato grown in floating hydroponics
No full textTehnika plutajućeg hidropona svojim brojnim prednostima kao što je smanjenje upotrebe supstrata, hraniva i vode za navodnjavanje, omogućuje uzgoj plodovitog povrća. Rajčica za svježu potrošnju najviše se uzgaja tehnikom na supstratu, a metoda plutajućeg hidropona omogućila bi uzgoj isključujući nedostatke trenutno prisutne tehnike u uzgoju. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi mogućnosti uzgoja rajčice u plutajućem hidroponu temeljem utvrđenih gospodarskih i nutritivnih svojstava. Testirani su hibridni kultivar 'Florantino' i tri sorte 'Vita bella', 'Žuta kruška' i 'Choco cherry'. Među gospodarskim svojstvima određivan je broj plodova po biljci, masa ploda, prinos po biljci i udio netržnih plodova, a od nutritivnih svojstava udio suhe i topive suhe tvari te sadržaj vitamina C, β-karotena i likopena. Hibrid 'Florantino' pokazao se kao najuspješniji u uzgoju tehnikom plutajućeg hidropona na temelju praćenih svojstava.The floating hydroponic technique, with its many advantages such as reducing the use of substrate, nutrients, and water for irrigation, enables the cultivation of fruitful vegetables. Tomatoes for fresh consumption are mostly grown using the drip irrigation technique, and the floating hydroponic method would enable cultivation excluding the shortcomings of the currently present cultivation technique. The aim of the work was to determine the possibilities of growing tomatoes in a floating hydroponic based on established properties. The hybrid cultivar 'Florantino' and three varieties 'Vita bella', 'Žuta kruška' and 'Choco cherry' were tested. The analysed properties where: number of fruits per plant; fruit weight; yield per plant; proportion of non-marketable fruits; proportion of dry and soluble dry matter; content of vitamin C, β-carotene and lycopene. The hybrid 'Florantino' proved to be the most successful in cultivation using the floating hydroponic technique based on the monitored properties
Quantification of the aluminium toxicity in maize using multispectral analysis
No full textAluminij (Al) je treći najzastupljeniji element u Zemljinoj kori, te se njegovo otapanje povećava
pri kiselom pH. Kisela tla zauzimaju veliki dio svjetskih obradivih tala, a pri pHH2O nižem od 5,5
aluminij postaje toksičan za biljke. Uzgoj kukuruza (Zea mays L.) na kiselom tlu može biti uzrok
smanjenja prinosa za više od 50 %. Toksičnost Al3+ očituje se inhibicijom rasta korijenovog
sustava, ali se simptomi mogu uočiti i na nadzemnim organima. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi
fiziološke promjene nadzemnih organa kukuruza uzgajanog u uvjetima toksičnih koncentracija
aluminija korištenjem nedestruktivnih metoda multispektralnih analiza. Istraživanje je
provedeno u kontroliranim uvjetima komora rasta, na ukupno 50 biljaka uzgajanih u hranjivim
otopinama s različitim koncentracijama aluminija (0, 50, 100, 200 i 400 µM dm-3 AlCl3).
Multispektralno snimanje svake biljke je provedeno nakon 13 dana uzgoja u tretmanima,
pomoću uređaja CropReporter® (PhenoVation, Wageningen, the Netherlands). U tretmanima
sa aluminijem u koncentracijama od 100 µM dm-3, 200 µM dm-3 i 400 µM dm-3 vidljiv je pad
vegetacijskih indeksa koji ukazuju na izravni ili neizravni toksični učinak aluminija na
fotosintetske pigmente. Pad sadržaja fotosintetskih pigmenata kao posljedicu ima smanjenu
apsorpciju svijetlosti. S porastom koncentracije aluminija rasla je i refleksija u RRed, RGreen, RBlue,
RSpcGrn, te RFarRed spektrima, što ukazuje da u uvjetima toksičnosti aluminija dolazi do smanjenja
usvajanja svjetlosne energije, što će posljedično dovesti do smanjenja fotosintetske aktivnosti.
Ovaj diplomski rad ukazuje na mogućnosti korištenja multispektralnih analiza u svrhu
kvantifikacije fenotipskih promjena nadzemnih organa kukuruza u uvijetima toksičnosti
aluminija.Aluminum (Al) is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and its dissolution
increases at acidic pH. Acidic soils occupy a large part of the world's arable soils, and aluminum
toxicity occurs at a pHH2O lower than 5,5. Growing corn (Zea mays L.) on acidic soil can cause
yield reductions of more than 50%. The toxicity of Al3+ is manifested by the inhibition of the
growth of the root system, but the symptoms can also be observed on the above-ground
organs. The aim of the work was to determine the physiological changes in the above-ground
organs of corn grown under conditions of toxic concentrations of aluminum using nondestructive
methods of multispectral analysis. The research was conducted in controlled
conditions of growth chambers, on a total of 50 plants grown in nutrient solutions with
different concentrations of aluminum (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM dm-3 AlCl3). Multispectral
imaging of each plant was performed after 13 days of cultivation in the treatments, using the
CropReporter® device (PhenoVation, Wageningen, the Netherlands). Treatments with
aluminum in concentrations of 100 µM dm-3, 200 µM dm-3 and 400 µM dm-3, caused reduction
of vegetation indices is visible, which indicates direct or indirect toxic effects of Al on the
photosynthetic pigments. With the increase in aluminum concentration, the reflection in the
RRed, RGreen, RBlue, RSpcGrn and RFarRed spectra also increased, which indicates that in conditions
of aluminum toxicity there is a decrease in the absorption of light energy, which will
consequently lead to a decrease in photosynthetic activity. This work show the usefulness
multispectral analysis for the purpose of quantifying the phenotypic changes of above-ground
organs of corn under conditions of aluminum toxicity
Technologies of 3D print which can be used in biotechnology
No full textBioosjetnik može se definirati kao kompaktni analitički uređaj ili jedinica koja sadrži biološki ili biološki dobiveni osjetljivi element, koji je pričvršćen na fizikalno-kemijskom pretvornik s ciljem mjerenja jednog ili više analita.
Integracija mikrofluidnih i bioosjetničkih tehnologija pruža mogućnost spajanja kemijskih i bioloških komponenata u jedinstvenu platformu i nudi nove mogućnosti za buduće bioosjetničke aplikacije uključujući prenosivost, jednokratnost, otkrivanje informacija u stvarnom vremenu, točnost i istodobnu analizu različitih analita u jednom uređaju. Ovaj rad ima za cilj predstavljanje napretka i postignuća u području trodimenzijski ispisanog bioosjetnika temeljenog na mikrofluidima. Rad opisuje
prednosti spajanja trodimenzionalnog ispisa i bio osjetnika ilustrirajući svestranost koju takva integracija obećava u budućnosti za nova područja biološkog inženjerstva, biomedicinske studije, biotehnologije, praćenje okoliša i preciznu poljoprivredu.A biosensor can be defined as a compact analytical device or unit that includes a
biological or biologically derived sensitive recognition element immobilized on a
physicochemical transducer for measuring one or more analytes.
The integration of microfluidic and biosensor technologies provides the possibility of
combining chemical and biological components into a single platform and offers new
possibilities for future biosensing applications including portability, disposable, real
time detection, accuracy and simultaneous analysis of different analytes in a single
device. This paper aims to present the progress and achievements in the field of
threedimensionally printed biosensor based on microfluidics. The paper describes the
advantages of combining 3D pri nting and biosensors, illustrating the versatility that
such integration promises in the future for new fields of biological engineering,
biomedical studies, biotechnologies, environmental monitoring and precision
agricultur
Applied molecular analysis regarding microbiotic fecal residue of wild bee species
No full textPčele kao glavni biljni oprašivači imaju ključnu ulogu u održavanju ravnoteže cjelokupnog
ekosustava. Solitarne pčele su nerijetko s u kontaktu sa medonosnim pčelama kao zadružnim
kukcima te mogu međusobno utjecati na sastav crijevne mikrobiote koja utječe na zdravlje
jedinki, ali i cijele zajednice. Provedbom DNA metabarkodiranja uzoraka fecesa triju vrsta
solitarnih pčela (Hoplitis adunca, Osmia bicornis, Megachile sculpturalis) utvrđene su
prehrambene preferencije i prisutnost mikroorganizama u crijevnoj mikrobioti jedinki. Biljne
preferencije prilikom ishrane ukazuju na biljke roda Echium sp., Prunus sp. i Ranunculus sp.
Analizom bakteriološkog sastava crijevne mikrobiote utvrđena je prisutnost bakterije
Melissococcus plutonius te prisutnost bakterija Bradyrhizobium sp. i Clostridium sp. Potrebna
su daljnja istraživanja solitarnih pčela i njihovih prehrambenih i ekoloških navika kako bi se
osigurao opstanak i poboljšanje broja njihovih populacija kao jednih od najvažnijih oprašivača
u prirodi.Bees, as primary plant pollinators, play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the entire
ecosystem. Solitary bees often come into contact with honeybees as social insects, and they
can mutually influence the composition of the gut microbiota, which impacts the health of
individuals as well as the entire community. By conducting DNA metabarcoding of fecal
samples from three species of solitary bees (Hoplitis adunca, Osmia bicornis, Megachile
sculpturalis), dietary preferences and the presence of microorganisms in the gut microbiota
of individuals were determined. Plant preferences during feeding point to plants of the genus
Echium sp., Prunus sp., and Ranunculus sp. Through analysis of the bacterial composition of
the gut microbiota, the presence of the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius was established,
along with the presence of bacteria Bradyrhizobium sp. and Clostridium sp. Further research
into the dietary and ecological habits of solitary bees is necessary to ensure the survival and
enhancement of their populations as one of the most important pollinators in nature
Mehanička filtracija u akvakulturi
No full textU ovom radu su opisane metode mehaničke filtracije, odnosno izdvajanja krutih čestica iz vode koje se primjenjuju u održavanju kvalitete vode u različitim akvakulturnim proizvodnim sustavima i u pročišćavanju otpadnih voda. To se postiže gravitacijom, kojom se odvajaju taložive čestice specifične težine veće od vode, filtracijom u užem smislu kojom se odvajaju suspendirane čestice i flotacijom kojom se odvajaju čestice manje specifične težine od vode. Taložive čestice uklanjaju se u bazenima za taloženje, cijevnim taložnicima i hidrociklonima. Filtri kojima se odvajaju suspendirane čestice imaju određenu vrstu sita, poput mrežice ili membrane, medij u obliku zrnaca pijeska ili plastike, ili neki porozni medij koji propušta vodu a zadržava mehaničke čestice. Najfinije čestice suspendiranog otpada izdvajaju se procesom flotacije pomoću struje zraka. Za obradu otpadnih voda iz akvakulturnih sustava koriste se i umjetne močvare
Usporedba audiovizualne procjene i analize karbonatnosti tla temeljem reakcije na klorovodičnu kiselinu
No full textKarbonati su, većinom kao kalcit (CaCO3), prisutni u mnogim tlima, gdje utječu na razne procese i značajke: pH, pristupačnost hranjiva, strukturu itd. Njihov sadržaj se često ispituje Scheiblerovim kalcimetrom, koji mjeri volumen ugljikovog dioksida oslobođenog u reakciji tla s 10%-tnom klorovodičnom kiselinom. Međutim, već i samim opažanjem intenziteta te reakcije (šum i pjena), može se pokušati procijeniti stupanj karbonatnosti tla. U ovom radu, procijenjena je karbonatnost 22 uzorka tla s udjelima karbonata od 3, 5% do 57, 1%. U 90, 1% slučajeva (20 uzoraka), procjena je odgovarala interpretaciji rezultata dobivenih kalcimetrom. U jednom uzorku je došlo do podcjenjivanja, a u drugom do precjenjivanja karbonatnosti tla. Prema tome, audiovizualna procjena je načelno bila pouzdan i brz indikator okvirnog sadržaja karbonata u tlu
Germination of Salvia sclarea L. accessions from the Collection of Medicinal an Aromatic Plants
No full textThe aim of the work was to determine the germination and germination energy of 32 clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) accessions collected in the period 1998-2009 and preserved in the Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture. The highest germination was observed in accessions which have been preserved since 2009 (90 and 94 %) and 2008 (76, 70, 68 and 62 %). It can be concluded that clary sage seeds have very good germination, that they tolerate storage very well, that they have been stored in good conditions and that regeneration in plant gene banks should not be carried out often
Estimation of inbreeding coefficient and generation interval in Pag Sheep – baseline for development of optimum contribution selection
No full textThe aim of the study was to estimate coefficient of inbreeding (FPED) and generation interval (GI) in the population of Pag sheep breed in order to provide a scientifically based background for implementation of optimum contribution selection. The average FPED was 6%, with inconsistent trend in the last decade, and GI was estimated to be 4.44 years. The FPED was higher than reported for majority of few well known European dairy breeds, while the GI was in line with the reports. The estimated FPED calls for attention of the breeders to keep it as low as possible in the future, preferably by following the basic principles of the optimum contribution selection