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Inventory and identification of grapevine in the Ozalj-vivodina vineyard area
No full textPosljednjih desetljeća sve se više posvećuje pažnji očuvanja i revitalizacije autohtonog sortimenta. Također provedeni su brojni projekti s ciljem identifikacije, inventarizacije i kolekcioniranjem autohtonih sorti, čiji su rezultati pohranjeni u nacionalnim kolekcijskim nasadima. Projekt „Identifikacija i inventarizacija autohtonih sorata vinove loze Ozaljsko-vivodinskog vinogorja“ započeo je 2016.-te godine u suradnji Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i Grada Ozlja, te je prvi takav projekt na tom području. Cilj istraživanja je provesti inventarizaciju sorata vinove loze na području Ozaljsko-vivodinskog vinogorja te identificirati nepoznate sorte pronađene tijekom istraživanja. Obilaskom vinograda prikupljeno je 25 uzoraka. Za identifikaciju sorata korišteni su OIV deskriptori, odnosno ampelografske i ampelometrijske metode, te molekularno-genetičke metode. Genetička identifikacija se provela pomoću PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) na osnovu „SSR“ molekularnih markera. Na ukupnom setu uzoraka potvrđeno je 8 poznatih sorata te 3 nepoznata genotipa od kojih je kod jednoga morfološkim opisom utvrđeno da se najvjerojatnije radi o poznatoj sorti.In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to the preservation and revitalization of indigenous grape varieties. Numerous projects have also been carried out with the aim of identifying, inventorying, and collecting indigenous varieties, with the results stored in national collection vineyards. The project "Identification and Inventory of Indigenous Grape Varieties in the Ozalj-Vivodina Wine Region" began in 2016 in collaboration between the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb and the City of Ozalj, and it is the first such project in this area. The aim of the research is to conduct an inventory of grape varieties in the Ozalj-Vivodina wine region and to identify unknown varieties discovered during the research. Through field visits to vineyards, 25 samples were collected. For the identification of varieties, OIV descriptors were used, i.e., ampelographic and ampelometric methods, as well as molecular-genetic methods. Genetic identification was conducted using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) based on "SSR" molecular markers. From the total set of samples, 8 known varieties were confirmed, as well as 3 unknown genotypes, one of which was most likely identified as a known variety based on morphological description
Evaluation of the development of agriculture in the counties of Adriatic Croatia
No full textPredmet ovog rada je usporedba razvijenosti poljoprivrede u županijama Jadranske Hrvatske primjenom višekriterijske metode Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). Definirano je osam kriterija, razvrstanih u tri skupine razvojnih pokazatelja: strukturalno-organizacijski, ekonomski i socio-demografski. Rezultati pokazuju da je, prema kompozitnoj ocjeni koja se sastoji od parcijalnih ocjena svih osam kriterija, najrazvijenija poljoprivreda u Ličko-senjskoj županiji, koja je vodeća prema šest od osam kriterija. S druge strane, poljoprivreda Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije ocijenjena je najmanje razvijenom jer zaostaje prema većini korištenih kriterija. Istraživanje također ukazuje na značajnu nepodudarnost između razvijenosti poljoprivrednog sektora i općeg društveno-gospodarskog razvoja. Naime, iako je Ličko-senjska županija vodeća u poljoprivredi, prema službenom indeksu razvijenosti svrstava se među najnerazvijenije regije u Hrvatskoj. Ovaj kontrast naglašava složenost faktora koji utječu na razvoj pojedinih regija i ističe potrebu za diferenciranim pristupom u oblikovanju poljoprivrednih politika.This paper compares the agricultural development of counties in Adriatic Croatia using the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). Eight criteria were defined, categorized into three groups of development indicators: structural-organizational, economic, and socio-demographic. Results show that, according to the composite score consisting of partial scores for all eight criteria, agriculture is most developed in Lika-Senj County, which leads in six out of eight criteria. On the other hand, agriculture in Dubrovnik-Neretva County is assessed as the least developed, lagging behind in most of the criteria used. The research also indicates a significant mismatch between the development of the agricultural sector and overall socio-economic development. Namely, although Lika-Senj County is a leader in agriculture, according to the official development index, it is ranked among the least developed regions in Croatia. This contrast highlights the complexity of the factors influencing the development of individual regions and emphasizes the need for a differentiated approach in shaping agricultural policies
Guidelines for the modern production of button mushroom in Croatia
No full textPlemenita pečurka (Agaricus bisporus Imbach) jestiva je gljiva iz porodice Agaricaceae te se kao takva smatra jednom od najčešće korištenih gljiva u kuhinji, ne samo u Republici Hrvatskoj već i u svijetu. Budući da je plemenita pečurka prilično osjetljivi za uzgoj, cilj diplomskog rada bio je prikazati sve bitne uvjete koje treba zadovoljiti da bi, u konačnici, sam uzgoj mogao biti uspješan. U uvodnom dijelu rada definirat će se tema i ključni problemi koji proizlaze iz uzgoja plemenite pečurke. U daljnjim poglavljima analizirat će se ekološka važnost ove gljive, kao i njezina morfološka, biološka, nutritivna i ljekovita svojstva. Osim toga, posebna pažnja bit će posvećena suvremenim tehnologijama uzgoja plemenite pečurke, uključujući korake koje proizvođači trebaju slijediti radi uspješne proizvodnje i plasmana na tržište. Međutim, ključan preduvjet za samu proizvodnju ipak je posjedovanje i određenog znanja o gljivama, njihovoj biologiji, ekologiji, ali uvjetima za uzgoj koji su neizostavni za uspješnu proizvodnju i plasman gljiva. Ovaj rad ima za cilj informirati čitatelja o svim aspektima vezanim uz uzgoj plemenite pečurke, te pružiti smjernice za buduće istraživanje i razvoj u ovom sektoru.The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus Imbach) is an edible mushroom from the Agaricaceae family and is considered one of the most commonly used mushrooms in the kitchen, not only in the Republic of Croatia, but also in the world. Since the button mushroom is quite sensitive to cultivation, the aim of the thesis was to show all the essential conditions that must be met in order for the cultivation to be ultimately successful. In the introductory part of the thesis, the topic and the most important problems arising from the cultivation of the edible mushroom are defined. Further chapters analyze the ecological importance of this mushroom as well as its morphological, biological, nutritional and medicinal properties. Special attention is also paid to modern cultivation technologies of the edible mushroom, including the steps that producers should follow for successful production and marketing. However, an important prerequisite for the production itself is the possession of certain knowledge about mushrooms, their biology, ecology, but also the cultivation conditions that are essential for the successful production and marketing of mushrooms. This article aims to inform the reader about all aspects of button mushroom cultivation and provide guidelines for future research and development in this sector
Evaluacija sustava uzgoja krumpira u Hrvatskoj s obzirom na njihovu održivost
No full textCroatian potato production is threatened by numerous pathogens and arthropod pests, for e.g. late blight (Phytophtora infestans deBary), early blight (Alternaria solani Sorauer), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.), wireworms (Agriotes spp). Chemical pesticides are sprayed regularly to suppress pests and avoid yield and quality losses. The aim of the thesis was to understand the current situation in potato production in Croatia in the Međimurje county and to evaluate the sustainability of the production. A questionnaire, focused on IPM implementation and broader plant protection, was created. Important data were obtained, analysed and shown in graphs using the excel. Obtained data showed, that current potato production in Croatia is dependent on chemical pesticide. However, farmers are opened to biological and other alternative control solutions, if they could access more information about it and if they had a chance to discuss appropriate approaches with an experienced advisor/mentor.Proizvodnji krumpira Hrvatskoj prijete brojni uzročnici bolesti i štetnici člankonošci, npr. plamenjača (Phytophtora infestans deBary), koncentrična pjegavost krumpira (Alternaria solani Sorauer), krumpirova zlatica (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.), žičnjaci (Agriotes spp.). Da bi se spriječio napad i izbjegli gubici prinosa i očuvala kvaliteta, redovito se primjenjuju kemijski (sintetski) pesticidi. Cilj diplomskog rada bio je razumjeti trenutno stanje u proizvodnji krumpira u Hrvatskoj na području Međimurske županije i ocijeniti njenu održivost. Izrađen je upitnik usmjeren na provedbu mjera integrirane zaštite bilja te na širi kontekst zaštite od štetnih organizama. Prikupljeni podaci su sistematizirani, analizirani i grafički prikazani u MS Office programu Excel. Dobiveni podaci pokazali su da trenutna proizvodnja krumpira u Hrvatskoj ovisi o kemijskim pesticidima. Poljoprivrednici su otvoreni za primjenu alternativnih rješenja i proizvoda za biološko suzbijanja no smatraju da im nedostaje više informacija i rasprava i razgovor o odgovarajućim pristupima s iskusnim savjetnikom/mentorom
Changes in the structure of subsidies paid for agriculture and rural development in the period 2013. - 2022.
No full textAgrarna politika je segment gospodarske politike koja ima za cilj doprinijeti poljoprivredi i ruralnom razvoju te kroz ovaj rad prikazujemo njen razvoj u razdoblju 2013.-2022. godine. Hrvatska ruralna područja i poljoprivreda imaju visoki potencijal ali zaostaju za prosjekom Europske unije. Neki od problema su rascjepkanost posjeda, manjak obrazovanja među poljoprivrednicima i niske cijene uvoza, kao posljedica integriranja u zajedničko tržište Europske unije. Farme i nasadi u RH su među najmanjima, s lošom infrastrukturom i mehanizacijom, demografski presjek vlasnika OPG-ova je poražavajući u pogledu broja mladih poljoprivrednika. Osnovni cilj rada je bio ustanoviti ciljeve agrarne politike i prikazati mjere korištene kroz analizirano razdoblje s naglaskom na strukturu isplaćenih potpora. Nadalje putem anketnog upitnika provedenog s donositeljima agrarno političkih mjera i samim korisnicima mjera ocijenjena je njihova učinkovitost.Agraricultural policy is a segment of economic policy that aims to contribute to agriculture and rural development, and through this thesis we present its development in the period 2013-2022.year. Croatian rural areas and agriculture have high potential, but fall behind the European Union average. Some of the problems are fragmentation of property, lack of education among farmers and low import prices, as a result of integration into the common market of the European Union. Farms and plantations in the Republic of Croatia are among the smallest, with poor infrastructure and mechanization, the demographic cross-section of OPG owners is devastating in terms of the number of young farmers. The main goal of the thesis was to establish the goals of the agrarian policy and to show the measures used throughout the analyzed period with an emphasis on the structure of the subsidies paid. Furthermore, their effectiveness was assessed through a survey conducted with the adopters of agricultural political measures and the users of the measures themselves
The influence of edible coatings on the bioactive components in 'Chahara' mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulata) during storage
No full textMandarina je voće bogato bioaktivnim komponentama. Neprikladno rukovanje i skladištenje nakon berbe nepovoljno utječu na razine bioaktivnih spojeva. Jestivi omotači imaju značajnu ulogu u smanjenju gubitaka poslije berbe. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati utjecaj triju vrsta jestivih omotača na razine bioaktivnih komponenata u plodu mandarina sorte 'Chahara' iz doline Neretve tijekom tri tjedna njihova skladištenja. Plodovi su tretirani postupkom potapanja u vodene otopine: kitozan (2% w/v), zein (2% w/v) te kombinacijom „sloj po sloj“ obje vrste omotača, uz kontrolu (netretirani plodovi). Na tretiranim mandarinama tijekom tri tjedna skladištenja na 5 °C mjereni su: gubitak mase ploda, udio ukupnih flavonoida, udio ukupnih fenola, askorbinska kiselina, topljiva suha tvar i ukupna kiselost. Plodovi tretirani kombinacijom kitozana i zeina pokazali su najveću srednju vrijednost sadržaja ukupnih polifenola, flavonoida te askorbinske kiseline tijekom skladištenja. Plodovi mandarina tretirani zeinom pokazali su najveći gubitak mase tijekom skladištenja.Mandarin fruit is rich in bioactive components. Improper handling and storage after harvest adversely affects the levels of bioactive compounds. Edible coatings play a significant role in reducing post-harvest losses. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of three types of edible coatings on the levels of bioactive components in mandarin fruit of the ‘Chahara’ variety from the Neretva Valley during three weeks of their storage. The fruit was treated by immersion in aqueous solutions: chitosan (2% w/v), zein (2% w/v) and a combination of both types of coating "layer by layer", with a control (untreated fruits). To determine the influence of edible coatings on bioactive components, the following were measured during three weeks of storage at 5 °C: total flavonoids, total phenols, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids and titratable acid. Fruits treated with a combination of chitosan and zein showed the highest mean content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid during storage. Fruits treated with zein showed the highest weight loss during storage
International trade in cereals - geopolitical risk and the position of the Republic of Croatia
No full textDiplomski rad bavi se istraživanjem složenosti međunarodne trgovine žitaricama, s posebnim naglaskom na geopolitičke rizike i položaj Republike Hrvatske. Geopolitički događaji poput ratova, terorizma i političkih napetosti mogu poremetiti opskrbne lance i destabilizirati tržišta. Tako su pandemija COVID – 19 i ruska agresija na Ukrajinu doveli do nepovoljnih situacija na svjetskom tržištu.
Pandemija COVID-19 značajno je utjecala na svjetsku poljoprivredu, uzrokujući ekonomske štete. Zatvaranje granica smanjilo je dostupnost sjemena i gnojiva, dok su se troškovi proizvodnje povećavali, a ograničenja u trgovini uzrokovala su financijske gubitke proizvođačima.
Ruska agresija na Ukrajinu imala je za posljedicu poremećaje u trgovini, povećanje troškova, te nestabilne tržišne cijene za poljoprivrednike. Fluktuacije u globalnoj ponudi žitarica i uljarica otežale su planiranje i stabilnost prihoda, dok je inflacija povećala životne i operativne troškove.
U radu se nastoji utvrditi povezanost hrvatskog tržišta žitaricama sa svjetskim tržištem žitarica uzimajući u obzir geopolitičke rizike. Stoga, poljoprivrednici bi trebali diverzificirati proizvodnju, trebali bi modernizirati tehnologiju ili sudjelovati u zadrugama ili udrugama.
U razdoblju od 2010. do 2023. godine proizvođačke cijene pšenice, kukuruza i soje bile su relativno stabilne, osim 2022. godine kada se bilježi porast cijena, nakon čega se cijene počinju vraćati na početnu razinu. Što se tiče veleprodajnih cijena bilježi se blagi rast do 2022.
Stvaraoci politike trebaju razviti strategije koje podržavaju poljoprivrednike i njihove inovacije te nuditi financijsku pomoć tijekom nestabilnosti tržišta. Također, trebaju osmisliti sveobuhvatni okvir za upravljanje rizikom, uključiti sustave ranog upozoravanja, napraviti strateške rezerve i financijske alate za ublažavanje geopolitičkih šokova.The diploma thesis deals with the research of the complexity of the international grain trade, with a special emphasis on geopolitical risks and the position of the Republic of Croatia. Geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism and political tensions can disrupt supply chains and destabilize markets. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian aggression against Ukraine led to unfavorable situations on the world market.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected world agriculture, causing economic damage. Border closures reduced the availability of seeds and fertilizers, while production costs increased and trade restrictions caused financial losses to producers.
Russian aggression against Ukraine resulted in trade disruptions, increased costs, and unstable market prices for farmers. Fluctuations in the global supply of grains and oilseeds have made planning and income stability difficult, while inflation has increased living and operating costs.
The paper tries to determine the connection between the Croatian grain market and the world grain market, taking geopolitical risks into account. Therefore, farmers should diversify production, should modernize technology or participate in cooperatives or associations.
In the period from 2010 to 2023, producer prices for wheat, corn, and soybeans were relatively stable, except for 2022, when prices increase, after which prices begin to return to the initial level. As for wholesale prices, a slight increase is recorded until 2022.
Policy makers need to develop strategies that support farmers and their innovations and offer financial assistance during market volatility. Also, they should design a comprehensive framework for risk management, include early warning systems, make strategic reserves and financial tools to mitigate geopolitical shocks
Three inhibitory phenolic acids against common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) had a minimal effect on maize growth in vitro and in vivo
No full textWith the increasing demand for non-chemical weed control methods, phenolic acids have shown promise due to their natural weed inhibitory potential. In this study, the inhibitory effect of ferulic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid was investigated on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and the selectivity of Zea mays L. against these phenolic acids was tested. The seeds of A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays were treated in vitro with three phenolic acids at doses of 200 - 600 × 10-7 mol and in vivo foliar on A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays plants. While all phenolic acids had effects on the early growth of A. artemisiifolia, p-coumaric acid significantly reduced the length of radicle and hypocotyl by more than 60% while the effects on Z. mays were minimal. In vivo assessments using chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging showed selective stress responses in A. artemisiifolia but not in Z. mays after foliar application. The in vitro results show that p-coumaric acid is a promising compound for the control of A. artemisiifolia. However, these phenolic acids at these doses led to an insufficient reduction in photochemical efficiency. Therefore, these natural compounds need to be combined with other methods of weed control.In this study, the inhibitory effect of ferulic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid was investigated on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and the selectivity of Zea mays L. against these phenolic acids was tested. The seeds of A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays were treated in vitro with three phenolic acids at doses of 200 - 600 × 10-7 mol and in vivo foliar on A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays plants. The obtained in vitro data was analyzed in R environment and software. The chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral analysis was conducted after foliar applied phenolic acids on young A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays plants. The data was analyzed in JMP software
Possibilities of using by-products of fishery and aquaculture
No full textPovećanom konzumacijom plodova mora stavlja se pritisak na proizvodnju u akvakulturi i ribolovu. Trendovi konzumacije plodova mora uvjetovali su prerađivačku industriju za razvijanjem što atraktivnijeg proizvoda. Posljedično, stvaraju se velike količine neiskorištenih nusproizvoda počevši od komercijalno nevažnih vrsta organizama do nusprodukta prerade. Odbačeni biološki materijal predstavlja ozbiljan problem glede zbrinjavanja i ekologije no s druge strane ima veliki potencijal iskoristivosti u različitim industrijskim granama stvarajući proizvode dodane vrijednosti. Industrijska primjena se očituje kroz proizvodnju energije, hrane za akvakulturu; funkcionalne hranu; nutritivne komponentne hrane te farmaceutsku industriju. Ovaj pregled predstavlja različite spojeve visoke komercijalne vrijednosti dobivene preradom iz većinom morskih nusproizvoda, uključujući riblje ulje, želatinu, kolagen, bioaktivne peptide, hitin i hitozan. enzime i astaksantin te navodi njihove moguće primjene u različitim područjima.Increasing consumption of seafood is putting pressure on aquaculture and fisheries production. The trend toward seafood consumption has driven the processing industry to develop the most attractive product possible. As a result, large quantities of unused byproducts are generated, ranging from commercially insignificant organism species to processing byproducts. Discarded biological material poses a serious problem in terms of disposal and ecology, but on the other hand holds great potential for use in various industries, creating value-added products. Industrial applications can be found in the production of energy, food for aquaculture, functional foods, food ingredients and in the pharmaceutical industry. This review presents several compounds with high commercial value obtained by processing most marine byproducts, including fish oil, gelatin, collagen, bioactive peptides, chitin and chitosan, enzymes, and astaxanthin, and lists their potential applications in various fields
Influence of sex and age on the physical properties of the psoas major muscle of the wild boar (Sus scrofa)
No full textZbog brojnosti vrste, meso divlje svinje je zastupljenije u prehrani ljudi u odnosu na druge vrste mesa divljači. Kvaliteta mesa ovisi o brojnim čimbenicima, a spol i dob su među najčešće istraživanima. Stoga je cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio istražiti utjecaj spola i dobi na fizikalne parametre kvalitete mesa divlje svinje. Istraživanje je provedeno na velikom slabinskom mišiću (m. psoas major) 30 muških i 30 ženskih jedinki divlje svinje različitih dobnih kategorija. U predmetnom istraživanju je utvrđen kalo odmrzavanja od 8,51±3,97% te kalo kuhanja od 16,84±6,11%. Otpor presijecanju iznosio je 40,98±10,65 N. Parametri boje po izlaganju mesa zraku su imale sljedeće vrijednosti: L*=40,94±4,84, a*=18,12±2,77; b*=4,59±2,29, dok je pH vrijednost uzorka mesa iznosila 5,77±0,37. Nije utvrđen značajan utjecaj spola na analizirana svojstva, dok je utvrđen značajno (p<0,05) veći kalo kuhanja te porast vrijednosti parametra boje a* s dobi. Interakcije spola i dobi nisu bile značajne.Due to the abundance of the species, wild boar meat is more common in the human diet than other types of game meat. Meat quality depends on many factors, and sex and age are among the most researched. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of sex and age on the physical quality parameters of wild boar meat. The research was conducted on the psoas major muscle of 30 male and 30 female wild boars of different age categories. In the subject research, the thawing loss was determined to be 8.51±3.97% and the cooking loss was 16.84±6.11%. The shear force was 40.98±10.65 N. Color parameters after exposure of meat to air had the following values: L*=40.94±4.84, a*=18.12±2.77; b*=4.59±2.29, while the pH value of the meat sample was 5.77±0.37. No significant influence of sex on the analyzed traits was found, while a significantly (p<0.05) higher cooking loss and an increase in the value of the color parameter a* with age were found. Interactions of gender and age were not significant