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    Utjecaj Aspergillus clavatus i Mortierella elongata na bioaktivne spojeve i prinos salate

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    This master's thesis investigates the impact of plant growth-promoting fungi (Aspergillus clavatus and Mortierella elongata) on the yield components (height, diameter, mass) and content of bioactive compounds (phenols, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The research was conducted through an open-field experiment, applying different subcultures of these PGP fungi to lettuce plants. Statistical analysis using the ANOVA method and Tukey's post-hoc test confirmed significant differences of bioactive compounds in inoculated treatments in comparision to uninocultaed (control). Higher values indicate that used PGP fungi, significantly enhance lettuce nutritional quality and contribute to the lettuce resilience, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje utjecaj gljiva koje potiču rast biljaka (Aspergillus clavatus i Mortierella elongata) na komponentne prinosa (visina, promjer i masa) i sadržaj bioaktivnih spojeva (fenoli, flavonoidi, neflavonoidi, ukupni klorofil, klorofil a, klorofil b, karotenoidi, askorbinska kiselina i antioksidativni kapacitet) u salati (Lactuca sativa L.). Istraživanje je provedeno pokusom na otvorenom, primjenom različitih potkultura ovih PGP gljiva na biljke salate. Statistička analiza metodom ANOVA i Tukeyjevim post-hoc testom potvrdila je značajne razlike bioaktivnih spojeva u inokuliranim tretmanima u usporedbi s neionkuliranim (kontrola). Više vrijednosti pokazuju da korištene PGP gljive značajno poboljšavaju nutritivnu kvalitetu salate i doprinose otpornosti salate, doprinoseći održivoj poljoprivrednoj praksi

    Insects in the diet of humans and domestic animals - challenge or potential for circular economy?

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    S rastućom svjetskom populacijom, rastu i izazovi proizvodnje dovoljne količine hrane za ljude i domaće životinje. Proizvodnja hrane životinjskog porijekla veliki je zagađivač okoliša i zauzima značajan udio poljoprivrednih površina. Kukci, s visokim sadržajem proteina i odličnom učinkovitošću u pretvaranju organskog otpada, predstavljaju održivu alternativu. Pretpostavka je da integracija kukaca u prehranu ljudi i životinja odgovara načelima cirkularne ekonomije, te pritom ima značajan doprinos očuvanju resursa i promicanju održivog razvoja. Uz prikaz povijesti entomofagije, nutritivne vrijednosti kukaca i zahtjeva za uzgoj kukaca, opisan je i zakonodavni okvir koji regulira korištenje kukaca u hrani za ljude i životinje. Analizirani su se resursi potrebni za uzgoj kukaca i kako se njihovo korištenje uklapa u cirkularnu ekonomiju, koji su sve nusproizvodi pri uzgoju kukaca i kako se mogu koristiti.As the world's population grows, so do the challenges of producing enough food for humans and domestic animals. The production of food of animal origin is a major polluter of the environment and occupies a significant share of agricultural land. Insects, with their high protein content and excellent efficiency in converting organic waste, represent a viable alternative. The assumption is that the integration of insects into the diet of humans and animals corresponds to the principles of the circular economy, and at the same time has a significant contribution to the conservation of resources and the promotion of sustainable development. Along with the presentation of the history of entomophagy, the nutritional value of insects and the requirements for growing insects, the legislative framework that regulates the use of insects in human food and animal feed is also described. An analysis was made of the resources needed for insect breeding and how their use fits into the circular economy, all the by-products of insect breeding and how they can be used

    Multiparametric soil assessment using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy

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    Ispitivanje tla ključna je komponenta praćenja okoliša, poljoprivredne proizvodnje i upravljanja zemljištem. FTIR-ATR spektroskopija omogućuje brzo, nedestruktivno ispitivanje uzoraka tla uz minimalnu pripremu koja djeluje mjerenjem infracrvene apsorpcije komponenti tla u širokom spektralnom rasponu, dajući molekularni otisak uzorka. Istraživanje uključuje analizu arhiviranih uzoraka tla iz programa monitoringa tla na području melioracijskih područja Vidrice i Luke koja se nalaze unutar doline rijeke Neretve, prikupljenih u razdoblju od 2009. – 2023. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je razvoj i testiranje metode multiparametrijske procjene zdravlja tla temeljene na osnovnim indikatorima ispitanima tradicionalnim laboratorijskom metodama i korištenjem FTIR-ATR spektroskopije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako se uzorci tla ne razlikuju kvalitativno tijekom ispitivanog razdoblja od 2009. – 2023. godine, već postoje razlike u udjelu pojedinih komponenti sastava.Soil testing is a key component of environmental monitoring, agricultural production and land management. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy enables fast, non-destructive testing of soil samples with minimal preparation, which works by measuring the infrared absorption of soil components in a wide spectral range, giving a molecular fingerprint of the sample. The research includes the analysis of archived soil samples from the soil monitoring program in the area of the Vidrice and Luke areas located in the Neretva River valley, collected in the period from 2009 to 2023. Therefore, the goal of the research was the development and testing of a multiparametric soil health assessment method based on basic indicators tested by traditional laboratory methods and using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The results of the research showed that the soil samples did not differ qualitatively during the examined period from 2009 to 2023, but there were differences in the proportion of individual components of soil

    Assessment of the quality of irrigation water for end users in the Neretva river valley

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    Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati i odrediti kakvoću površinske i podzemne vode za navodnjavanje kod krajnjih korisnika na području doline rijeke Neretve. Uzorkovanje vode provedeno je tijekom vegetacijske sezone u razdoblju od svibnja do listopada. Uzorkovana je voda na dva različita vodozahvata koju proizvođači koriste za navodnjavanje: površinska voda iz kanala uz parcelu na kojoj se uzgajaju mandarine, a podzemna voda iz bunara za navodnjavanje oranice s rajčicom i kupusom. Analizirani su fizikalno-kemijski pokazatelji: električna vodljivost (EC), pH, koncentracije natrija, klorida, nitrata i sulfata. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna električna vodljivost površinske vode iznosila 0,84 dS/m, dok je kod podzemne vode iznosila 2,71 dS/m, što ukazuje na veću zaslanjenost podzemne vode. Koncentracija natrija u podzemnoj vodi bila je značajno viša u usporedbi s površinskom vodom, dok su kloridi također bili viši u podzemnoj vodi. Prema FAO klasifikaciji, podzemna voda pokazuje umjerena do ozbiljna ograničenja za upotrebu zbog povišene koncentracije natrija i klorida, dok površinska voda pokazuje manja ograničenja. Zaključeno je da podzemna voda zbog višeg stupnja zaslanjenosti predstavlja veći rizik za dugoročnu upotrebu u navodnjavanju, osobito za osjetljivije kulture poput rajčice.The objective of this study was to assess the quality of surface and groundwater used for irrigation by end users in the Neretva River Valley. Water samples were collected during the growing season, from May to October, at two different sources: surface water from a canal adjacent to a mandarin orchard and groundwater from a well used to irrigate a field with tomatoes and cabbage. The analysis focused on key physical and chemical parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and concentrations of sodium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate. The results indicated that the average electrical conductivity of the surface water was 0.84 dS/m, while the groundwater had a higher value of 2.71 dS/m, reflecting greater salinity in the groundwater. Sodium concentrations were notably higher in the groundwater compared to the surface water, with chloride levels also significantly elevated. Based on FAO classification, the groundwater presents moderate to severe limitations for irrigation due to its elevated sodium and chloride levels, whereas the surface water exhibits fewer restrictions. The study concluded that the higher salinity of the groundwater poses a greater risk for long-term irrigation, particularly for salt-sensitive crops like tomatoes

    The role of agricultural policy in preventing rural depopulation

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    Poljoprivredna politika igra ključnu ulogu u suzbijanju ruralne depopulacije kroz niz mjera usmjerenih na revitalizaciju ruralnih područja. Osim potpore mladim poljoprivrednicima za osnivanje gospodarstava, politika promiče razvoj infrastrukture poput cesta i škola te potiče diverzifikaciju ekonomskih aktivnosti. Podrška lokalnim inicijativama, kao i obrazovanje o održivim praksama, ključni su u očuvanju tradicije i kulture ruralnih zajednica. Poljoprivredna politika treba biti integralni dio šire strategije koja uključuje gospodarstvo, socijalnu politiku i prostorno planiranje radi stvaranja održivih i prosperitetnih ruralnih područja. Održavanje ravnoteže između očuvanja poljoprivredne tradicije i uvođenja modernih pristupa ključno je za dugoročni uspjeh u borbi protiv depopulacije ruralnih područja.The role of agricultural policy in preventing rural depopulation is pivotal, employing a range of measures aimed at revitalizing rural areas. Besides supporting young farmers to establish farms, the policy promotes infrastructure development such as roads and schools, while encouraging economic diversification. Support for local initiatives, along with education on sustainable practices, is crucial in preserving the tradition and culture of rural communities. Agricultural policy should be an integral part of a broader strategy incorporating economic, social, and spatial planning to create sustainable and prosperous rural areas. Striking a balance between preserving agricultural tradition and adopting modern approaches is essential for long-term success in combating rural depopulation

    Landscape design of green area at the intersection of Jarunska ulica and Selska cesta in Zagreb

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    U ovome radu preispitala se mogućnost krajobraznog uređenja zelene površine smještene pored križanja Jarunske ulice i Selske ceste u Zagrebu. Zelena površina se nalazi na frekventnoj lokaciji čineći gravitacijsku točku i čvorište mnogobrojnih gradskih funkcija, no međutim, neuređena je unatoč frekventnom korištenju i zadržavanju stanovnika i prolaznika. Na temelju inventarizacija i analiza prostora definiran je projektni program i smjernice uređenja, te je predloženo krajobrazno idejno rješenje. Prijedlog uređenja uključilo je olakšavanje kretanja korisnika, te boravak na lokaciji u prirodnom ambijentu, te je kreiran upečatljiv prostorni identitet.This paper examines the possibility of landscaping the green area located next to the intersection of Jarunska ulica and Selska cesta in Zagreb. The green area is situated in a busy location, serving as a focal point and hub for numerous city functions. However, despite its frequent use by residents and passersby, it remains undeveloped. Based on the inventory and spatial analyses, a project program and design guidelines were defined, and a conceptual landscape design solution was proposed. The design proposal includes facilitating user movement and providing a natural environment for staying at the location, thus creating a distinctive spatial identity

    Trends and innovations in the cultivation of cut flowers

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    Cvjetne vrste za rez najprodavaniji su proizvod cvjećarske industrije. Stanje tržišta i broj ljudi na Zemlji ukazuju da postoji sve veća potražnja za ovom skupinom ukrasnog bilja. Segment tehnološkog napretka zahvatio je i ovu granu proizvodnje, stoga se od proizvođača očekuje da unaprijeđuju svoju proizvodnju u tehnologiji i razvoju novih kultivara. Posljedica toga je sve veći interes među potrošačima, koji ponudu sortimenta mogu vidjeti na različite načine. Pregledom literature utvrđen je značajan tehnološki napredak u uzgoju i prodaji cvjetnih vrsta za rez u svijetu i glavnim centrima potrošnje. Anketnim ispitivanjem hrvatskih proizvođača utvrđeno je da se proizvodnja na hrvatskom tržištu razvija, ali da postoji još prostora za napredak.Cut flowers are the best-selling product of the floriculture industry. The state of the market and the number of people on Earth indicate that there is an increasing demand for this group of ornamental plants. The segment of technological progress has also affected this branch of the production; therefore, producers are expected to improve their production in technology and the development of new cultivars. The result is an increasing interest among consumers, who can view the assortment in different ways. A review of the literature revealed significant technological progress in the cultivation and sale of cut flower species in the world and in the main centers of consumption. A survey of Croatian producers determined that production on the Croatian market is developing, but that there is still room for improvement

    Use of veterinary-medicinal products in the treatment of varroosis

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    Grinja varroa (Varroa destructor) je nametnik medonosne pčele koja napada pčelinje leglo i odraslu pčelu. Pčelinje zajednice koje su napadnute sa grinjom slabe i velika infestacija varroe može dovesti do ugibanja cijele pčelinje zajednice. Varroa još uvijek predstavlja ozbiljne probleme u pčelarstvu jer uzrokuje velike gubitke pčelinjih zajednica. Samu grinju nije moguće potpuno ukloniti iz pčelinjih zajednica, ali uz pomoć preparata na bazi organskih kiselina i sintetskih tvari moguće je smanjiti njen broj kako bi pčelinja zajednica mogla normalno funkcionirati. Cilj ovog rada je bio navesti sva odobrena sredstva koja su dozvoljena za tretiranje pčelinjih zajednica protiv varroe na području Hrvatske.The varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is a pest of honey bees that attacks bee brood and adult bees. Bee colonies that are attacked with mites are weak and a large varroa infestation can lead to the death of the entire bee colony. Varroa still poses serious problems in beekeeping because it causes great damage. The mite itself cannot be completely removed from bee colonies, but with the help of preparations based on organic acids and synthetic substances, it is possible to reduce its number so that the bee colony can function normally. The aim of this paper was to list all the approved means that are allowed for the treatment of bee colonies against varroa in the territory of Croatia

    Morphological and ecological characteristics of mushrooms of the genus Tricholoma

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    Gljive pripadaju zasebnoj mikrobiološkoj skupini organizama značajne ekološke, nutritivne i farmaceutske vrijednosti. Većina gljiva ima izraženo plodno tijelo, iako postoje gljive koje se isključivo mogu vidjeti pomoću mikroskopa. Gljive s izraženim plodnim tijelima se najčešće sastoje od klobuka i stručka i najčešće se nazivaju „makro gljive“. Gljive iz roda vitezovki (Tricholoma) rastu i razvijaju svoja plodna tijela u simbiozi s biljkama. Unutar roda Tricholoma postoje jestive i otrovne vrste gljiva. Neke od jestivih vrsta su: najbolja vitezovka (Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quélet), mišja vitezovka (Tricholoma terreum (Schff. ex. Fr.) Kummer), svilenkasta vitezovka (Tricholoma columbetta (Fr.) Kummer) i čupava kružoliska (Tricholoma vaccinum (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer). Najčešće otrovne vrste su: žutozelena kružoliska (Tricholoma sejunctum (Sow. ex Fr.) Quélet), sjenovita vitezovka (Tricholoma sciodes (Secr.) Mart.), tigrasta vitezovka (Tricholoma pardinum Quélet) i sumporasta vitezovka (Tricholoma sulohureum (Bull. ex Fr.) Kummer). Otrovne vrste najčešće uzrokuju gastrointestinalni sindrom, a kod trovanja s tigrastom vitezovkom (Tricholoma pardinum Quélet) može doći do pojave faloidinskog sindroma.Mushrooms belong to a distinct microbiological group of organisms that are of great ecological, nutritional and pharmaceutical value. Most mushrooms have a distinct fruiting body, although there are also fungi that can only be seen under the microscope. Mushrooms with distinct fruiting bodies usually consist of a cap and a stipe and are commonly referred to as "macrofungi". Mushrooms of the genus Tricholoma grow and develop their fruiting bodies in symbiosis with plants. Within the genus Tricholoma there are edible and poisonous species of mushrooms. Some of the edible species are: Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quélet., Tricholoma terreum (Schff. ex. Fr.) Kummer., Tricholoma columbetta (Fr.) Kummer. and Tricholoma vaccinum (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer. The most common poisonous species are: Tricholoma sejunctum (Sow. ex Fr.) Quélet,, Tricholoma sciodes (Secr.) Mart., Tricholoma pardinum Quélet. and Tricholoma sulphureum (Bull. ex Fr.) Kummer. The poisonous species most frequently cause a gastrointestinal syndrome, and poisoning with the Tricholoma pardinum Quélet. can lead to the occurrence of phalloidin syndrome

    Positive impacts of climate change - adaptations in plant cultivation

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    Glavni utjecaji klimatskih promjena na poljoprivredu su većinom negativni i uzrokuju visoku ranjivost postojećih agroekosustava u Hrvatskoj. Međutim, u sektoru poljoprivrede klimatske promjene imat će i neke pozitivne učinke poput omogućavanja uzgoja nekih novih kultura i sorti na područjima u kojima to do sada nije bilo moguće, upravo zbog produženja vegetacijskog razdoblja. Cilj rada je dati analizu pozitivnih utjecaja i izazova prilagodbe klimatskim promjenama u području uzgoja bilja kroz analizu aktualnih izvješća i znanstvene literature.The main impact of climate change on agriculture is mostly negative and causes high vulnerability of existing agroecosystems in Croatia. However, in agricultural sector, climate change will also have some positive effects such as enabling cultivation of some new crops and varieties in areas where it was not possible to do now, precisely because of the extension of the growing season. The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of the positive impacts and challenges of adaptation to climate change in the field of plant cultivation through the analysis of current reports and scientific literature

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