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Possibilities of improving the business of the family farm by utilizing agricultural residues
No full textDostupnost energetskih sirovina u današnje vrijeme postaje sve veći problem. Ratne i političke neprilike te ograničenost zaliha fosilnih goriva dodatno pridonose porastu cijena i nedostupnosti fosilnih izvora energije. Dio rješenja javlja se u obliku obnovljivih izvora energije, a u ovom diplomskom radu stavljen je naglasak na iskorištavanje poljoprivredne biomase. Jedan od načina iskorištavanja poljoprivredne biomase je kao sirovine za stvaranje energije. Na taj način osim stvaranja energije sprečava se nepotrebno gomilanje i zagađenje okoliša neiskorištenim poljoprivrednim ostacima. Analizom primarnih i sekundarnih podataka napravljen je pregled dosadašnjih projekata na temu iskorištavanja biomase. Također utvrđeno je kolike su potencijalne količine poljoprivredne biomase u određenim državama te koji su njihovi glavni izvori. Kao primjer dobre prakse koji pokazuje mogućnost unapređenja obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva kroz iskorištenje poljoprivrednih ostataka uzeto je gospodarstvo obitelji Grivičić. Obitelj Grivičić prelaskom s tradicionalne ratarske proizvodnje na proizvodnju agropeleta, postaje poduzeće EURO-TIM d.o.o. koje na inovativan i ekološki način nastoji iskoristiti poljoprivredne ostatke te tako spriječiti gomilanje neiskorištene biomase na svojim poljima. Poslovanje poduzeća EURO-TIM d.o.o. prikazano je pomoću kalkulacije troškova, dok se napredak poslovanja nastalog uvođenjem novih praksi mjerio pokazateljima uspješnosti poslovanja (ekonomičnost i rentabilnost) koji ukazuju na pozitivne učinke uvođenja proizvodnje agropeleta kao načina iskorištavanja biomase u njihovo poslovanje. Prema tome, može se zaključiti kako je primjena dobre prakse na način kao što je to prikazano primjerom, odličan primjer iskorištavanja poljoprivrednih ostataka, sprečavanja nagomilavanja organske tvari i onečišćenja okoliša, stvaranja dodatne dobiti za svoje gospodarstvo te pozitivnog utjecaja na lokalnu zajednicu.The availability of energy resources in today's world is becoming an increasingly significant problem. Conflicts and political instability, as well as limited reserves of fossil fuels, further contribute to rising prices and the inaccessibility of fossil energy sources. Part of the solution comes in the form of renewable energy sources and this graduate thesis focuses on the utilization of agricultural biomass. One way of the utilization of agricultural biomass is by generating energy. This not only creates energy but also prevents unnecessary accumulation and environmental pollution from unused agricultural residues. Through the analysis of primary and secondary data this thesis provides an overview of previous projects related to the agricultural biomass utilization. It also identifies the potential quantities of agricultural biomass in specific countries and their primary sources. As an example of best practices that shows the improvement of family farm through the utilization of agricultural residues, the Grivičić family farm is taken as a case study. The Grivičić family, by transitioning from traditional crop production to agro-pellet production, transforms it business in the form of EURO-TIM Ltd., aims to utilize agricultural residues on innovative and environmentally friendly ways and thereby prevent the accumulation of organic biomass in their fields. The business of EURO-TIM d.o.o. is analyzed using cost calculations, while the business performance after the introduction of new practices is measured by indicators (efficiency and profitability), showing the positive effect of introduced changes. After all it could be concluded that the implementation of best practices as demonstrated by the example in this thesis could be an excellent example of how to utilize agricultural residues, prevent the accumulation of organic matter, environmental pollution, generate additional profits for their farm, and have a positive impact on the local community
Monitoring of the flight of olive kernel borer by developing and using model based on artificial neural networks
No full textMaslinin moljac (Prays oleae Bernard, 1788) jedan je od najznačajnijih štetnika masline. U maslinicima radi štete velikih gospodarskih razmjera, najčešće u obliku opadanja plodova, slabijem urodu i sporijem rastu stabla. Kako bi se njegova prisutnost na terenu ranije uočila, predložen je razvoj modela za automatsku detekciju temeljen na prepoznavanju sadržaja slika pomoću umjetnih neuronskih mreža. Postavljanjem lovki s feromonima, prikupljanjem i fotografiranjem uzoraka, na lovkama ulovljenih, odraslih oblika P. oleae na ljepljivim pločama, anotiranjem fotografija i učenjem neuronske mreže, razvijen je model za automatsko praćenje ovog štetnika. Osim vrste P. oleae, model je naučen prepoznavati ostale kukce kao i ostale elemente na slikama. Preciznost prepoznavanja odraslih oblika moljca iznosila je 59 % u odnosu na vizualni pregled, a veća je od preciznosti prepoznavanja ostalih štetnika i ostalih elemenata na fotografijama ljepljivih ploča.Olive kernel borer (Prays oleae Bern ard, 1788) is one of the most significant pests of olive tree.
In olive groves, it can cause damage of large economic proportions , commonly in form of fruit
drop, weaker yield, or stagnant tree growth . To detect its presence in the field as soon as
possible, an automatic model based on the image recognition of image content using artificial
neural networks is used. By setting up phe romone based traps, collecting and photographing
samples of adult P. oleae, annotating photographs and teaching a neural network to use them,
an automatic model is developed for tracking olive kernel borer individuals. Besides the species
P. oleae , the mod el was taught to recognize other pests as well as other elements of proposed
images. The accuracy of recognition of the adult moths was 59 compared to visual inspection
of proposed photographs and was higher that the accuracy of recognition of other pest s and
other elements on photographs of adhesive panels
Procedures of agrarian reform and land consolidation
No full textU današnjoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji velike probleme stvaraju usitnjene poljoprivredne parcele. Postupcima agrarne reforme, između ostalog, moguće je usitnjene parcele sjediniti u veće i ekonomski isplativije proizvodne parcele. Postoji nekoliko postupaka agrarne reforme, a u ovom radu obraditi će se nacionalizacija, eksproprijacija, arondacija i komasacija.In today's agricultural production, fragmented agricultural plots create major problems. Through the procedures of the agrarian reform, among other things, it is possible to unite the fragmented plots into larger and more economically profitable production plots. There are several procedures of agrarian reform, and this paper will deal with nationalization, expropriation, arrondation and consolidation
The use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in rabbit feeding
No full textCilj je ovog završnog rada analiza i interpretacija dostupne literature o upotrebi konoplje u hranidbi kunića, u svrhu predočenja mogućih učinaka koje konoplja ima na zdravlje i razvoj životinje. Kunići se uzgajaju kao hrana ili kao kućni ljubimci. Konoplja svojedobno doživljava ponovno otkrivenje u raznim primjenama. Ovim se radom pokušava utvrditi ima li konoplja novu primjenu u hranidbi kunića.The aim of this paper is to analyze and interpret the available literature on the use of hemp in rabbit feeding, with the purpose of presenting the potential effects that hemp may have on the health or development of the animal. Rabbits are raised either for food or as pets. Hemp is currently experiencing a resurgence in various applications. This paper attempts to determine whether hemp has a new application in the role of rabbit nutrition
The impact of humic acids on soil quality and crop yield
No full textHumusne tvari su velika skupina složenih organskih materijala koje se sastoje od tri glavne komponente: huminske kiseline, fulvinske kiseline i humina. Ove su tvari bitne u održavanju plodnosti tla, poboljšanju njegove strukture te očuvanju ekosustava. Njihov kemijski sastav je vrlo kompleksan te sadrže obilje karboksilnih i fenolnih grupa. Kako bi se bolje razumjela njihova struktura i funkcija, potrebno ih je ekstrahirati iz različitih izvora organskih tvari te provesti analiza. Njihova primjena utječe na kemijska svojstva tla kao što su koncentracija makro i mikroelemenata, ph tla, salinitet te kiselost tla. Uz to utječe i na mikrobiološku i enzimsku aktivnost. Kako bi biljka što prije dobila učinak huminske kiseline, one će se primijeniti folijarnom gnojidbom. Međutim, ona ne bi trebala potpuno zamijeniti gnojidbu tla već je samo dopunska tehnika.Humic substances are a large group of complex organic materials consisting of three main components: humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin. These substances are essential for maintaining soil fertility, improving its structure, and preserving ecosystems. Their chemical composition is highly complex, containing an abundance of carboxyl and phenolic groups. To better understand their structure and function, they need to be extracted from various sources of organic matter and analyzed. Their application affects the chemical properties of the soil, such as the concentration of macro and microelements, soil pH, salinity, and acidity. Additionally, they influence microbiological and enzymatic activity. To ensure that plants quickly receive the benefits of humic acids, they are applied through foliar fertilization. However, this method should not completely replace soil fertilization but should serve as a supplementary technique
Distillation in alambic
No full textU ovom se radu prikazuje i opisuje destilacija na jednostavnom destilacijskom uređaju, prikazuje povijest te početak destiliranja još od prije nove ere. Opisuje se rad i funkcija pojedinih dijelova alambica ključnih za nesmetani protok destilacije. Analiziraju se pojedini spojevi koji se javljaju tijekom destilacijskog procesa te navode prednosti i mane korištenja jednostavnog destilacijskog uređaja.This work shows and describes distillation using a simple distillation apparatus, tracing the history and beginning of distillation back to before the common era. It details the operation and function of key components essential for the smooth flow of the distillation process. The analysis includes specific compounds that appear during the distillation process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using a simple distillation apparatus
Phenology of highbush blueberry varieties cultivated in the Cetingrad area
No full textAmerička borovnica (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) je višegodišnji listopadni grm koji samoniklo raste na kiselim i močvarnim tlima Sjeverne Amerike. Do danas je razvijeno preko 50 sorata ove vrste i uzgaja se diljem svijeta u svrhu prehrane čovjeka. U Hrvatskoj, na području Cetingrada, nalazi se ekološki nasad američke borovnice sa 14 sorata. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati praćenja i bilježenja fenologije 12 sorata američke borovnice. Navedene sorte su: Ivanhoe, Bluejay, Toro, Herbert, Bonus, Patriot, Darrow, Lateblue, Spartan, Elizabeth, Duke i Bluecrop. Fenologija sorata praćena je prema BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenament und Chemosche Industrie) skali prilagođenoj za borovnicu u periodu od 11.4. do 4.7. 2024. godine. Tijekom promatranja zabilježene su faze rasta izbojaka, cvatnja, razvoj plodova, sazrijevanje plodova pa sve do početka berbe. Kao potencijalno dobre sorte za uzgoj na području Cetingrada pokazale su se sorte Spartan, Patriot i Ivanhoe. Zaključak je donesen na temelju njihovog ranijeg sazrijevanja plodova i dužeg perioda trajanja berbe. Kakvoća plodova nije uzeta u obzir.The highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a perennial deciduous shrub that naturally grows in acidic and swampy soils of North America. To date, over 50 varieties of this species have been developed and it is cultivated worldwide for human consumption. In Croatia, in the Cetingrad area, there is an organic plantation of highbush blueberries with 14 varieties. This paper presents the results of monitoring and recording the phenology of 12 varieties of highbush blueberries. The mentioned varieties are: Ivanhoe, Bluejay, Toro, Herbert, Bonus, Patriot, Darrow, Lateblue, Spartan, Elizabeth, Duke, and Bluecrop. The phenology of these varieties was monitored according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale adapted for blueberries, from April 11 to July 4, 2024. During the observation period, the stages of shoot growth, flowering, fruit development, ripening, and the beginning of harvest were recorded. The varieties Spartan, Patriot, and Ivanhoe showed potential as good candidates for cultivation in the Cetingrad area, based on their earlier fruit ripening and longer harvest period. Fruit quality was not considered in this conclusion
Behavior of Croatian consumers when consuming processed fish products
No full textPotrošači su sve skloniji konzumiranju nutritivno bogatih prehrambenih namirnica, pa tako i ribljih prerađevina. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi ponašanje hrvatskih potrošača u
konzumaciji ribljih prerađevina, te stavove o svježoj ribi i ribljim prerađevinama. Online anketno istraživanje provedeno je na prigodnom uzorku veličine 150 ispitanika. Jednovarijatna analiza podataka provedena je u statističkom programu SPSS. Veći udio ispitanika konzumira riblje prerađevine, najčešće nekoliko puta mjesečno, kod kuće i bez posebne prigode. Najvažniji motivi prilikom kupovine ribljih prerađevina za ispitanike su sigurnost, okus i kvaliteta. Najvažnija obilježja ribljih prerađevina za ispitanike su rok trajanja proizvoda te odnos cijene i kvalitete. Ispitanici imaju pozitivne stavove o svježoj ribi i ribljim prerađevinama. Rezultati istraživanja važni su za dionike u sektoru prerade ribe, te stručnjake za marketing hrane u svrhu kreiranja marketinških strategija s ciljem povećanja konzumacije ribljih prerađevina.Consumers are increasingly inclined to consume nutrient-rich foods, including processed fish products. The aim of the research is to determine the behavior of Croatian consumers when consuming processed fish products and their attitudes towards fresh fish and processed fish products. The research was conducted as an online survey with a sample of 150 respondents. The univariate data analysis was carried out using the statistical program SPSS. A large proportion of the respondents consume fish products, usually several times a month, at home and without any special occasion. The most important motives for respondents when buying fish products are safety, taste and quality. The most important characteristics of fish products for respondents are the shelf life of the product and the price/quality ratio. Respondents have a positive attitude towards fresh fish and processed fish products. The research results are important for all stakeholders in the fish processing sector and for food marketing experts to develop marketing strategies to increase the consumption of processed fish products
Corn in horse feeding
No full textKukuruz predstavlja izvrsno energetsko krmivo, lako je dostupan i ima relativno nisku cijenu. U suvremenoj hranidbi konja njegova upotreba često je ograničena ili se izbjegava dok je u prošlosti upotreba kukuruza u hranidbi konja bila češća. Zbog svoje visoke energetske vrijednosti, podložnosti fermentaciji, spore probavljivosti i manjka vlakana, kukuruz se reducirano koristi u hranidbi konja i zamjenjuje ga zob. Zob osigurava stabilniju razinu energije, bolju probavljivost i smanjuje rizik od metaboličkih poremećaja. U ovom radu opisat će se razlozi za i protiv upotrebe kukuruza u hranidbi konja te mehanizmi razgradnje kukuruza u probavilu konja. Izvor energije u kukuruzu predstavlja škrob koji se nalazi u endospermu zrna kukuruza. Upoznat će se suvremeni načini obrade kukuruza i njegov potencijal kao visoko energetskog krmiva u hranidbi različitih kategorija konja.Corn is an excellent energy feed, easily accessible, and relatively low in cost. In modern horse nutrition, its use is often limited or avoided, whereas in the past, the use of corn in horse diets was more common. Due to its high energy value, susceptibility to fermentation, slow digestibility, and lack of fiber, corn is being phased out in horse feeding and replaced by oats. Oats provide a more stable energy level, better digestibility, and reduce the risk of metabolic disorders. This paper will describe the reasons for and against the use of corn in horse feeding, as well as the mechanisms of corn breakdown in the horse's digestive system. The source of energy in corn is starch, which is located in the endosperm of the corn kernel. Modern methods of corn processing will be introduced, along with its potential as a high-energy feed in the diets of different categories of horses
Overview of aromatic plant species used in meditation
No full textPregledom literature istražene su aromatične biljke koje se koriste u meditaciji, s naglaskom na njihove morfološke, biološke i kemijske karakteristike te uporabu u meditaciji. Analizirane biljke vrste su: limun, eukaliptus, karanfil, kamilica, metvica, santal, ruža, ružmarin, ylang ylang i vaniliju.
Svaka od ovih biljnih vrsta ima specifične kemijske komponente koje doprinose njihovoj učinkovitosti u meditaciji. Primjerice, ulje limuna sadrži visok udio limonena koji potiče osjećaj svježine i budnosti, dok eukaliptus sadrži cineol koji pomaže pri opuštanju dišnih puteva. Kamilica je poznata po svojim umirujućim svojstvima, zbog sadržaja apigenina. Santalovo drvo, ruža, ylang ylang i vanilija također su istaknuti po svojim jedinstvenim aromatičnim profilima i pozitivnim učincima na mentalno zdravlje.
Ovaj rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju uloge aromatičnih biljaka u meditaciji i pruža temelj za daljnja istraživanja u ovom području. Upotreba ovih biljnih vrsta može značajno poboljšati meditativne prakse i opće mentalno blagostanje.A literature review explored the aromatic plants used in meditation, focusing on their morphological, biological, and chemical characteristics, as well as their use in meditation. The analyzed plant species are: lemon, eucalyptus, clove, chamomile, mint, sandalwood, rose, rosemary, ylang ylang, and vanilla.
Each of these plant species has specific chemical components that contribute to their effectiveness in meditation. For example, lemon oil contains a high percentage of limonene, which promotes a feeling of freshness and alertness, while eucalyptus contains cineole, which helps in relaxation the airways. Chamomile is known for its calming properties due to its apigenin content. Sandalwood, rose, ylang ylang, and vanilla are also highlighted for their unique aromatic profiles and positive effects on mental health.
This work contributes to a better understanding of the role of aromatic plants in meditation and provides a foundation for further research in this area. The use of these plant species can significantly enhance meditative practices and overall mental well-being