Repository Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb
Not a member yet
3827 research outputs found
Sort by
Lanscape ecology analysis of Istria
No full textKrajobrazna ekologija primjenjuje holistički pristup u promatranju krajobraza kao heterogene cjeline, prepoznajući ga kao kompleksan sustav sastavljen od međuovisnih zakrpa. Proučava interakcije između ljudskih i prirodnih prostornih procesa te procese unutar ekosustava. Promatranjem tih interakcija stječe se cjelovito znanje o uzročno-posljedičnim odnosima prirodnih i kulturnih krajobraza te potrebi za njihovom zaštitom i upravljanjem.
Krajobrazna ekologija je doprinijela razumijevanju strukture, funkcije i promjena krajobraza kroz vrijeme, naglašavajući njegovu prostornu heterogenost i kompleksnost kao funkcionalne jedince. Utvrđivanje strukture krajobraza omogućava uvid u njegove funkcije te promjene prije i nakon antropogenih intervencija. Ovaj rad se fokusira na utvrđivanje krajobrazne strukture obuhvata Istre te istražuje mogućnosti primjene metoda i načela krajobrazne ekologije u krajobraznom planiranju.Landscape ecology applies a holistic approach to observing landscapes as heterogeneous entities, recognizing them as complex systems composed of interdependent patches. It studies the interactions between human-induced and natural spatial processes, as well as the processes within ecosystems. By observing these interactions, comprehensive knowledge of the cause-and-effect relationships in natural and cultural landscapes is gained, along with the need for their protection and management.
Landscape ecology has contributed to understanding the structure, function, and changes of landscapes over time, emphasizing their spatial heterogeneity and complexity as functional units. Determining the structure of the landscape provides insight into its functions and changes before and after anthropogenic interventions. This paper focuses on determining the landscape structure of Istria and explores the possibilities of applying landscape ecology methods and principles in landscape planning
Conceptual solution of the central park in Novo Brestje in Zagreb
No full textUnutar ovoga rada utvrđene su smjernice za revitalizaciju javnih zelenih prostora Novog Brestja i preispitana je mogućnost njihovog povezivanja u zeleni sustav naselja. Kao krajnji cilj rada formiran je prijedlog konceptualnog rješenja centralnog parka naselja. U svrhu izrade tih ciljeva provedene su terenske opservacije, tematske inventarizacije i višekriterijske analize šireg i užeg područja rada. Na temelju tih podataka predložene su smjernice za uređenje zelene infrastrukture naselja te zahvati uređenja potrebni za aktivaciju prostora i stvaranje prostornog identiteta. Predložene su smjernice za poboljšanje pješačke i biciklističke povezanosti sa zelenim površinama te je generiran širi spektar aktivnosti i ambijenata naselja. Predloženim konceptualnim rješenjem centralnog parka postigao se prepoznatljiv i ugodan ambijent s dinamičnom izmjenom aktivnih i pasivnih sadržaja. Predložen je novi, unaprijeđeni identitet naselja Novo Brestje, kao primjer mogućih pozitivnih promjena zagrebačkih stambenih četvrti.Within this paper, guidelines for the revitalization of public green spaces in Novo Brestje were established and the possibility of connecting them into the green system of the settlement was reviewed. As the final goal of the paper, a proposal for a conceptual solution of the central park of the settlement was formed. For the purpose of creating these goals, field observations, thematic inventories and multi-criteria analyzes of the wider and narrower areas of work were carried out. On the basis of these data, guidelines were proposed for the arrangement of the green infrastructure of the settlement, as well as the arrangements necessary for the activation of the space and the creation of a spatial identity. Guidelines were proposed for improving pedestrian and bicycle connections with green areas, and a wider spectrum of activities and surroundings of the neighborhood was generated. The proposed conceptual solution of the central park achieved a recognizable and pleasant ambience with a dynamic change of active and passive contents. A new, improved identity of the Novo Brestje neighborhood was proposed, as an example of possible positive changes in Zagreb's residential districts
Dynamics of the behavior of piglets from different legal parks of high-fertility sows
No full textProces odbijanja predstavlja veliki izazov u proizvodnji svinja. To uključuje rano odvajanje prasadi od krmača, što rezultira naglim prelaskom u prehrani s mlijeka na posebno formuliranu hranu. Ovo složeno kombiniranje različitih legla u novu grupu, gdje svinje imaju ograničen prostor i mogućnosti za stalnu interakciju, što ih sprječava da u potpunosti pokažu prirodna agonistička ponašanja neophodna za uspostavljanje društvene hijerarhije. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj istražiti kako spontano miješanje prasadi utječe na agresivno ponašanje prasadi tijekom procesa odbijanja. Video kamere korištene su za dokumentiranje dva boksa u uzgajalištu, a izravno promatranje korišteno je za procjenu broja interakcija između prasadi, uključujući i agresivno ponašanje i igru. U boksu I utvrđeno je da je prasad iz istog legla bila manje agresivna jedna prema drugima od prasadi iz različitih legala. Agresivnost je zabilježena 36 puta među prasadi iz istog legla i 62 puta među prasadi iz različitih legla. U usporedbi sa boksom I, u boksu II nije bilo velike razlike u agresivnom ponašanju između prasadi iz istog legla i prasadi iz različitih legla nakon miješanja. U oba boksa nije bilo statistički značajnih razlika u trajanju agresivnog ponašanja. Više napada zabilježeno je na početku miješanja, točnije u prva dva dana od miješanja.The weaning process presents a significant challenge in pig production. It involves the early separation of piglets from sows, resulting in an abrupt transition from milk to specially formulated feed. This complex combination of different litters into a new group, where pigs have limited space and opportunities for constant interaction, prevents them from fully displaying natural agonistic behaviors necessary for establishing a social hierarchy. This study aimed to explore how spontaneous mixing of piglets affects aggressive behavior during the weaning process. Video cameras were used to document two pens in the breeding facility, and direct observation was employed to assess the frequency and duration of suckling as well as the number of interactions among piglets, including aggressive behavior and play. It was observed in Pen I that piglets from the same litter were less aggressive towards each other compared to piglets from different litters. Aggression was recorded 36 times among piglets from the same litter and 62 times among piglets from different litters. Compared to pen I, in pen II, there was no significant difference in aggressive behavior between piglets from the same litter and piglets from different litters after mixing. No significant differences were detected in attack duration between resident and mixed liiters. More attacks were recorded at the beginning of the mixing, specifically during the first two days after mixing
Economic analysis of the recommended improvement of milk production on a family farm
No full textPad prodajne cijene mlijeka i rast cijena inputa glavni su razlozi značajnog smanjena broja proizvođača mlijeka u Republici Hrvatskoj. Gospodarstva s manjim brojem grla i ograničenim poljoprivrednim površinama ne mogu doseći ekonomsku isplativost poslovanja. S druge strane mljekarstvo u državama članicama Europske unije čini znatan udio vrijednosti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Mljekarstvo se specijalizira, poboljšavaju se prinosi i mali proizvođači dobivaju priliku za rast. Isto se može postići i u Republici Hrvatskoj na način da se proizvođači usmjere na proizvodnju vlastite stočne hrane i na tov vlastite teladi. Na taj način pojeftinila bi se proizvodnja i ostvario veći dohodak gospodarstva. Podaci dobiveni iz ovog rada ukazuju na to kako su preporučene mjere pozitivnog karaktera jer se njihovom primjenom proizvodnja, prihod i dohodak na gospodarstvu povećavaju, dok cijena koštanja mlijeka pada.Fall in the selling price of milk and the increase in input costs are the main reasons for the significant decrease in the number of milk producers in the Republic of Croatia. Farms with a smaller number of livestock and limited agricultural land cannot achieve economic viability. On the other hand, dairy farming in the European Union member states constitutes a significant share of the value in agricultural production. Dairy farming is becoming more specialized, yields are improving, and small producers are getting opportunities for growth. The same can be achieved in the Republic of Croatia by directing producers towards the production of their own livestock feed and fattening their own cattle. This would reduce production costs and generate higher income for the farms. The information obtained from this study indicate that the recommended measures are of a positive nature, as their implementation increases production, income, and revenue in the farm, while the cost price of milk decreases
Influence of different brine types on proteolytic and textural changes in mozzarella-type cheese
No full textMozzarella je meki sir koji pripada skupini pasta filata sireva te je upravo tekstura jedna
od najvažnijih čimbenika njezine kvalitete i prepoznatljivosti. Kako bi se spriječilo stvaranje
kore te gubitak vode iz sira, mozzarella se pohranjuje u salamuri. Sastav salamure od izuzetne
je važnosti s obzirom da se unutar roka trajnosti kvaliteta mozzarelle mijenja kao posljedica
proteolize i izmjene tvari sa salamurom. Stoga, cilj ovoga rada je istražiti utjecaj različitih vrsta
salamure na proteolitičke i teksturne promjene sira u tipu mozzarelle.
Proizvedene su tri šarže sira u tipu mozzarelle te je sir pohranjen u tri vrste salamure:
1) vodena otopina limunske kiseline (0,5 g/L), 2) vodena otopina limunske kiseline (0,5 g/L) i
kalcij-klorida (5 g/L), 3) vodena otopina limunske kiseline (0,5 g/L), kalcij-klorid (5 g/L) i
vodenog ekstrakta bosiljka (20 g suhog bosiljka/L). Uzorkovanje sira provedeno je 0., 5., 10. i
15. dana. Proteolitičke promjene u siru praćene su određivanjem udjela frakcija dušika
topljivih u vodi (WSN %TN) i topljivih u 12%-tnoj trikloroctenoj kiselini (TCA-SN %TN), a
teksturne promjene silom proboda. Fizikalno-kemijskim analizama u siru određen je sadržaj
suhe tvari, proteina i pH. Sadržaj WSN %TN i TCA-SN %TN (P<0,05) kao i sila proboda (P<0,01)
bili su značajno veći u kontrolnom siru, u usporedbi s tretmanima koji su pohranjeni u
salamurama koje sadrže kalcij-klorid.Mozzarella is a soft cheese that belongs to the group of pasta filata cheeses, and its
texture is one of the most important factors in its quality and recognition. In order to prevent
the formation of a hard surface and the loss of water from the cheese, mozzarella is stored in
brine. The composition of the brine is extremely important, considering that the quality of
mozzarella changes within the shelf life as a result of proteolysis and exchange of substances
with the brine. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of different types
of brine on the proteolytic and textural changes of mozzarella type cheese.
Three batches of mozzarella type cheese were produced and the cheese was stored in
three types of brine: 1) aqueous solution of citric acid (0.5 g/L), 2) aqueous solution of citric
acid (0.5g/L) and calcium chloride (5g/L) and 3) aqueous solution of citric acid (0.5 g/L), calcium
chloride (5 g/L) and water extract of basil (20 g of dry basil/L). During the 15-day storage
period, cheese sampling was carried out on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. Proteolytic changes and
textural properties in cheese were monitored by determining the percentage of nitrogen
fractions soluble in water (WSN %TN) and soluble in 12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA-SN %TN),
and changes by rupture strength, respectively. The content of dry matter, protein and pH was
determined in the cheese. WSN %TN and TCA-SN %TN content (P<0.05) as well as rupture
strength (P<0.01) were significantly higher in control cheese, compared to treatments stored
in brines containing calcium chloride
Monitoring of the appearance and number of stem minning weevils in oilseed rape in the area of Međimurje county
No full textUljana repica jedna je od najvažnijih uljarica svijeta, no uzgoj otežavaju određeni štetnici.
Prisutnost štetnika negativno utječe na prinos i kvalitetu kulture, a time i na ekonomsku
isplativost proizvodnje. Bitni štetnici uljane repice su proljetne repičine pipe koje uništavaju
biljne organe te mogu dovesti do značajnog smanjenja prinosa. Pojava i brojnost proljetnih
repičinih pipa praćena je na dva polja uljane repice na lokalitetu Hodošan na području
Međimurske županije. Pojava i brojnost proljetnih repičinih pipa kontinuirano je praćena
jednom tjedno tijekom tromjesečnog razdoblja (3.1. – 23.3.2024.) pomoću žutih ljepljivih
ploča i vizualnim pregledom biljaka - pazušca listova. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su pojavu
proljetnih repičinih pipa na obje lokacije. Utvrđena je ranija pojava male repičine pipe u
odnosu na pojavu velike repičine pipe te je utvrđena mnogo veća brojnost male repičine pipe.
Pojava i brojnost proljetnih repičinih pipa uvjetovana je s više čimbenika. Utvrđena brojnost
proljetnih repičinih pipa može prouzročiti štete u usjevima uljane repice, stoga je bitno
kvalitetno i kontinuirano praćenje pojave i brojnosti ovih štetnika.Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world, but certain pests make
cultivation difficult. The presence of pests has a negative effect on the yield and quality of the
crop, and thus on the economic profitability of production. Important pests of oilseed rape
are the stem mining weevils, which destroys plant organs and can lead to a significant
reduction in yield. The appearance and abundance of stem mining weevils was monitored in
two rapeseed fields in the locality of Hodošan in Međimurje County. The emergence and
abundance of stem mining weevils was continuously monitored once during a three-month
period (3.1. – 23.3.2024.) using yellow adhesive plates and visual inspection of the plants -
axils of leaves. The results of the research showed the appearance of stem mining weevils in
both locations. An earlier appearance of cabbage stem weevil was found in comparison to the
appearance of rape stem weevil, and a much higher number of cabbage stem weevil was
found. The appearance and number of stem mining weevils is conditioned by several factors.
The determined number of stem mining weevils can cause damage to oilseed rape crops,
therefore it is essential to monitor the occurrence and number of these pests in a high-quality
and continuous manner
The role of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi in sustainable ecosystem management
No full textGljive predstavljaju izuzetno važan resurs u biotehnologiji i industriji zbog svoje raznolike primjene i korisnih svojstava. Značaj njihove raznolike primjene u ljudskom zdravlju i industriji sve je prepoznatiji, s posebnim naglaskom na medicinske i biotehnološke primjene. Gljive koljena Basidiomycota i Ascomycota posjeduju različita ljekovita svojstva, kao što su antibakterijska, antifungalna, antivirusna, citotoksična, imunomodulatorna, antioksidativna, antialergijska, antidepresivna, antidijabetička, djelovanja. Gljive su ključne u proizvodnji bioaktivnih kemikalija, uključujući terpene, flavonoide i esencijalna ulja, te igraju važnu ulogu u bioremedijaciji i razgradnji zagađivača. Korištenje gljiva u proizvodnji biogoriva i organskih kiselina, pokazuje njihov potencijal za komercijalizaciju i doprinos održivom razvoju. Osim toga, gljive su ključne u proizvodnji industrijskih enzima, gdje filamentozne gljive kao što su Aspergillus oryzae i Aspergillus niger dominiraju tržištem. Stoga, ovoga rada je prikazati dosadašnje spoznaje, pozitivne učinke te ulogu i potencijal primjene gljiva koljena Ascomycota i Basidiomycota u održivom gospodarenju ekosustavom.Fungi represent an extremely important resource in biotechnology and industry due to their diverse applications and beneficial properties. The significance of their varied applications in human health and industry is increasingly recognized, with particular emphasis on medicinal and biotechnological uses. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota fungi possess various medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, antidepressant, and antidiabetic activities. Fungi are crucial in the production of bioactive chemicals, including terpenes, flavonoids, and essential oils, and play a significant role in bioremediation and the breakdown of pollutants. The use of fungi in the production of biofuels and organic acids demonstrates their potential for commercialization and contribution to sustainable development. Furthermore, fungi are essential in the production of industrial enzymes, where filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger dominate the market. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge, the positive effects and the role and potential of the use of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi in sustainable ecosystem management
Reproductive characteristics of chub Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sunja river
No full textOvim radom se istražuje utjecaj hidrocentrale na reproduktivne značajke klena (Squalius cephalus) u rijeci Sunji. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi vrijeme mrijesta i ostale reproduktivne značajke klena iznad hidrocentrale i u nastavku riječnog toka nizvodno u rijeci Sunji. Također, utvrdit će se abundanca klena u ukupnoj ihtiocenozi, njegova dužinska i spolna struktura, kondicija i dužinsko-maseni odnosi. Uzorkovanje je provedeno na tri lokacije rijeke Sunje: Staza (bez utjecaja hidrocentrale), Mlin (akumulacija hidrocentrale), Klipić (ispod hidrocentrale). Analizom su utvrđene razlike u sastavu ihtiocenoze i abundance klena ovisno o lokaciji. Razlike gonadosomatskog indeksa klena uzrokovani su različitim ekološkim uvjetima te pokazuju da se mrijest ne odvija u isto vrijeme na svim lokacijama. Hidrocentrala ima ključni utjecaj na formiranje okolišnih karakteristika u određenom dijelu toka i tako izravno utječe na reproduktivne značajke klena.This work investigates the influence of the hydropower plant on the reproductive characteristics of the chub (Squalius cephalus) in the Sunja River. The main aim of this research is to determine the spawning time and other reproductive characteristics of the chub above the hydropower plant and in the continuation of the river flow downstream in the Sunja River. The abundance of chub in the total ichthyocenosis, along with its length and sex structure, condition, and length-weight relationship, will also be determined. Sampling was carried out at three locations of the Sunja River: Staza (without the influence of the hydropower plant), Mlin (accumulation of the hydropower plant), Klipić (below the hydropower plant). The analysis revealed differences in the composition of the ichthyocenosis and chub abundance depending on the location. Differences in gonadosomatic index are caused by different environmental conditions and indicate that chub spawning does not occur at the same time in all locations. The hydropower plant has a key influence on the formation of environmental characteristics in a certain part of the stream and thus directly affects the reproductive characteristics of the chub
Oyster farming in the Maloston Bay
No full textKamenica (Ostrea edulis) morski je organizam koji spada u školjkaše, još od davnina stekla je svoju gastronomsku posebnost. Vrsta koja obitava u Malostonskom zaljevu znanstvenicima prirodno je rasprostranjena u Sredozemnom i Crnom moru te u istočnom Atlantiku. Malostonski je zaljev osim po posebnosti fizikalno-kemijskih uvjeta i geografskog položaja poznat i po uzgoju školjkaša. Kamenice iz ovog zaljeva nadaleko su poznate po svojoj iznimnoj kvaliteti. U ovom radu prikazan je proces proizvodnje kamenica te stanje i problemi uzgoja ovog područja.The oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a marine organism that belongs to the bivalve molluscs, and has acquired its gastronomic specialty since ancient times. According to scientists, the species that lives in the Mali Ston Bay is naturally distributed in the Mediterranean and Black Seas and in the eastern Atlantic. The Bay of Mali Ston is known not only for its special physical and chemical conditions and geographical location, but also for the cultivation of shellfish. Oysters from this bay are widely known for their exceptional quality. This paper presents the oyster production process and the state and problems of cultivation in this area
Growth inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium digitatum by application of autochtonous isolates of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas
No full textProizvođači agruma trpe značajne gubitke uzrokovane posliježetvenim bolestima među kojima se posebno ističe zelena plijesan čiji je uzročnik fitopatogena gljiva Penicillium digitatum. Intenzivna primjena sintetskih fungicida uzrokovala je pojavu rezistentnih fitopatogena i potencijalno negativne posljedice na okoliš. U nastojanju da se njihova primjena svede na minimum bez umanjenja kvalitete i kvantitete prinosa agruma, proizvođači se sve više potiču na alternativne pristupe i integrirani sustav suzbijanja posliježetvenih bolesti. Bakterije roda Pseudomonas pokazuju veliki potencijal u biološkoj zaštiti poljoprivrednih proizvoda od fitopatogena. Obzirom da dokazano suzbijaju neke, ekonomski važne patogene, određene vrste i sojevi Pseudomonas sp. komercijano su dostupni kao mikrobiološki preparati. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati antifungalno djelovanje petnaest autohtonih sojeva Pseudomonas sp. izoliranih iz spilje i rizosfere zelene salate, metodom dualnih testova, na najvažnijeg posliježetvenog patogena agruma, Penicillium digitatum. Ukupno 46,7 % autohtonih sojeva Pseudomonas sp. potpuno (26,7 %) ili izraženo (20,0 %) inhibira rast gljive P. digitatum gdje se raspon inhibicije radijalnog rasta kretao od 47,4 ± 0,0 % do 100,0 ± 0,0. Nadalje, 40,0 % sojeva pokazuje slabu inhibiciju (inhibicija radijalnog rasta od 2,9 ± 4,2 % do 32,6 ± 3,7 %), dok 13,3 % sojeva uopće ne djeluje na rast gljive P. digitatum. Sojevi 2020_W2-8, 2022_01_SL2-11, 2022_01_SL2-17 i 2022_01_SMS-16 izolirani iz spilje su u potpunosti inhibirali fungalni rast, odnosno pokazali su se kao najučinkovitiji te su najbolji potencijalni kandidati za primjenu u obliku bioloških preparata za kontrolu i suzbijanje fitopatogene gljive P. digitatum.Citrus producers suffer significant losses caused by postharvest diseases, among which green mold, caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium digitatum, is particularly prominent. The intensive use of synthetic fungicides has led to the emergence of resistant phytopathogens and potentially negative consequences for the environment. In an effort to minimize their use without compromising the quality and quantity of citrus yields, producers are increasingly encouraged to adopt alternative approaches and integrated systems for controlling postharvest diseases. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas exhibit great potential for biological protection of agricultural products against phytopathogens. Given their proven effectiveness in suppressing some economically important pathogens, certain species and strains of Pseudomonas sp. are commercially available as microbiological formulations. The aim of this study is to examine the antifungal activity of fifteen autochthonous strains of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from a cave and a rhizosphere of lettuce using dual culture method against the most important postharvest pathogen of citrus fruits, Penicillium digitatum. Overall, 46.7% of the autochthonous Pseudomonas sp. strains show complete (26.7%) or pronounced (20.0%) inhibititon of the P. digitatum growth, with radial growth inhibition ranging from 47.4 ± 0.0% to 100.0 ± 0.0%. Furthermore, 40.0% of the strains exhibited weak inhibition (radial growth inhibition from 2.9 ± 4.2% to 32.6 ± 3.7%), while 13.3% of the strains had no effect at all on the growth of P. digitatum. The strains 2020_W2-8, 2022_01_SL2-11, 2022_01_SL2-17, and 2022_01_SMS-16 isolated from a cave completely inhibited fungal growth and proved to be the most effective, making them excellent potential candidates for use in biological formulations for the control and suppression of the phytopathogenic fungus P. digitatum