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The impact of climate change on beneficial plant-microorganism associations
No full textKlimatske promjene imaju značajan utjecaj na korisne asocijacije između biljaka i mikroorganizama poput bakterija i gljiva koje potiču rast biljaka (PGPB i PGPF), mikoriza i rizobija. Promjene u temperaturi, razini ugljičnog dioksida, količini padalina te učestalosti ekstremnih vremenskih događaja mogu nepovoljno utjecati na ove odnose. Primjerice, povišene temperature i suša mogu smanjiti efikasnost rizobija u fiksaciji dušika, dok kod mikoriza mogu dovesti do poremećaja unosa vode i hranjivih tvari za biljku. Promjene u reakciji i sastavu tla te dostupnosti hranjivih tvari uvjetovane klimatskim promjenama mogu smanjiti broj korisnih mikroorganizama ili promijeniti njihove funkcije. U ovo radu sabrana su dosadašnja istraživanja o utjecaju pojedinih klimatskih čimbenika na biljke i njihove mikrobne partnere što je važno za održavanje stabilnosti ekosustava, produktivnosti usjeva te za razvoj održive poljoprivredne prakse.Climate change has a significant impact on beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi (PGPB and PGPF), mycorrhizae and rhizobia. Changes in temperature, carbon dioxide levels, rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather events can adversely affect these relationships. For example, elevated temperatures and drought can reduce the efficiency of rhizobia in nitrogen fixation, while in the case of mycorrhizae they can lead to disturbances in the intake of water and nutrients for the plant. Changes in the reaction and composition of the soil and the availability of nutrients caused by climate change can reduce the number of beneficial microorganisms or change their functions. This paper summarizes previous research on the influence of certain climatic factors on plants and their microbial partners, which is important for maintaining ecosystem stability, crop productivity and for the development of sustainable agricultural practices
Impact of tillage and straw management on soil physical properties of fluvisol and crop yield
No full textPoznato je da neke prakse obrade tla negativno djeluju na sadržaj organske tvari, strukturu tla i zbijenost. Konzervacijski sustavi obrade tla predstavljaju pozitivnu alternativu za očuvanje strukture, konzervaciju tla i vode. Nastoji se pronaći optimalna agrotehnička praksa kojom će se ublažiti negativni utjecaj klimatskih promjena na poljoprivrednu proizvodnju i degradaciju tla. Cilj istraživanja je u agroekološkom području testirati utjecaj sustava obrade tla na određena svojstva fluvisola (volumnu gustoću tla, mehanički otpor tla, trenutačnu vlažnost tla, kapacitet tla za vodu, stabilnost strukturnih agregata, sadržaj organske tvari) i prinos kultura u trogodišnjem razdoblju. Pokusno polje postavljeno je na Pokušalištu Šašinovec (Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Agronomski fakultet) u split-plot raspored s trima ponavljanjima za svaki sustav obrade (CT - oranje lemešnim plugom (18 – 20 cm) u jesen (A) + tanjuranje u proljeće; MT - obrada tla kombiniranim oruđem (kultivator+tanjurača+valjak) (10 – 15 cm) u proljeće; RT - podrivanje (35 – 40 cm) u jesen (A) i primjena kombiniranog oruđa (10 – 15 cm) u proljeće) u razdoblju od 2019. do 2021. godine. Svaki blok (100 m x 10 m) predstavlja različit sustav obrade te je razdvojen na dio s malčem (slamom) ili bez malča koji čini podfaktor (50 m x 10 m) pokusa. Uzorkovanje je provedeno na Pokušalištu Šašinovec u proljeće poslije sjetve i u jesen poslije žetve svake istraživane godine. Ukupno je kroz trogodišnji period uzeto 648 uzoraka tla koji su analizirani u ovlaštenom laboratoriju te 216 terenskih mjerenja uzorkovano penetrometrom. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, korištenje malča i reducirane obrade (MT i RT) smanjuje volumnu gustoću tla, pri čemu je pod RT varirao ovisno o vremenu uzorkovanja dok je pod MT nakon primjene u drugoj godini istraživanja pozitivan efekt zabilježio kontinurano do kraja istraživanja. Utvrđeni su mehanički otpori ispod ograničavajućih vrijednosti za razvoj korijena prilikom svih mjerenja te je kontinuirana primjena vertikalne obrade s malčem ključna za smanjenje zbijenosti tla. Plitka obrada (MT) malčem povećala je kapacitet zadržavanja vode u tlu i trenutačnu vlažnost tla tijekom višegodišnjeg istraživanja. Prethodno navedena obrada nakon tri godine ostvarila je povećanje stabilnosti strukturnih agregata. Sadržaj organske tvari se povećavao najviše nakon tri godine primjene MT-a. Prinosi su varirali tijekom tri godine istraživanja. Soja nije pokazala značajne razlike dok je kukuruz imao najbolje rezultate s dubokom podrivanjem tla u drugoj godini. Treća godina je pokazala da je jara pšenica s primjenom slame imala značajno veće prinose. Kombinacija analize fizikalnih svojstava tla s praćenjem prinosa ratarskih kultura omogućuje bolje razumijevanje utjecaja obrade tla i primjene malča na održavanje plodnosti tla i poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Zabilježeni su pozitivni utjecaji plitke obrade sa zadržavanjem malča, nasuprot konvencionalnom okretanju tla gdje niti zadržavanje malča ne pridnosi smanjenju degradacije fizikalnih svojstva. Ujednačeni prinosi na testiranim sustavima ukazuju na prednosti napuštanja tradicionalnih sustava obrade tla i lakši prelazak na konzervacijske sustave. U budućnosti je potrebno nastaviti istraživanje u drugim agroekološkim uvjetima te ukazivati na nedostatke i degradaciju tla konvencionalnim sustavom obrade tla.The management of Fluvisols represents a crucial aspect of sustainable agriculture due to
their high fertility and susceptibility to soil degradation. Among the numerous factors
influencing soil health and crop productivity, impact of tillage practices and straw management
stands out as a critical area of study. This integrated approach plays a pivotal role in shaping
the physical properties of Fluvisols and significantly affects crop yield. Tillage practices,
ranging from conventional to conservation methods, profoundly influence Fluvisol structure
and soil-water dynamics. The choice of tillage method determines the degree of soil
disturbance, affecting soil aggregation, porosity, and moisture retention. Additionally, it
influences the breakdown of organic matter and nutrient availability, ultimately impacting the
soil's fertility and capacity to support crop growth. Understanding the intricacies of different
tillage techniques and their repercussions on Fluvisol physical properties is essential for
sustainable land management. Simultaneously, the management of straw, a crop residue, is
gaining recognition for its role in soil health. Incorporating straw into Fluvisols alters soil
structure, enhances organic matter content, and influences moisture retention. Strategic straw
management practices, such as mulching or incorporation into the soil, present opportunities
to mitigate erosion, reduce evaporation, and bolster soil fertility. However, the effectiveness of
these strategies is contingent upon various factors including climate, soil type, and crop
rotation. This study aims to delve into the integrated impact of tillage practices and straw
management on the physical properties of Fluvisols and subsequent crop yield. By scrutinizing
the interactions between these practices, it endeavors to provide insights that can guide
sustainable soil management strategies tailored to Fluvisol characteristics and regional
agricultural needs. Through a holistic understanding of these interactions, this research seeks
to contribute to the development of informed agricultural practices that optimize productivity
while preserving the long-term health and fertility of Fluvisol.
The research was conducted on the surfaces of the Šašinovec Experimental Farm, University
of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture (45°50' N; 16°11' E; 120 m above sea level), in the area of the
City of Zagreb. The location belongs to the Western Pannonian region. The average annual
temperature is 10,4 °C, while the average annual precipitation is 852,3 mm. The soil texture is
silt clay loam (Fluvisol). The soil is slightly alkaline, with moderate humus content, rich in P2O5
and K2O, and well supplied with total nitrogen content. The experimental field was set up in a
split-plot design with three replications for each tillage system. Each block (100 m x 10 m)
represents a different tillage system, with mulch (straw) or without mulch as a sub-factor (50
m x 10 m). The tillage systems are as follows: conventional tillage - plowing with a moldboard
plow (18 - 20 cm) in autumn and harrowing in spring; minimum tillage - soil tillage with
combined implements (cultivator + harrow + roller) (10 - 15 cm) in spring; reduced tillage -
subsoiling (35 - 40 cm) in autumn and application of combined tool (10 - 15 cm) in spring.
Shredded wheat straw is applied every year after sowing the designated crop at a rate of 2,75
t/ha (140 kg per plot). Planned crops (soybean, maize, wheat) were sown according to the
usual crop rotation. Sampling and soil property analysis for the following soil physical
properties were monitored: soil water content, bulk density, water holding capacity, penetration
resistance, water-stability of structural aggregates. Soil samples for soil analysis were taken
immediately after sowing and immediately after harvesting. Samples were taken from two
depths (0 - 10 cm; 10 - 20 cm) in three replications for each depth, totaling 108 samples per
measurement. Soil water content, bulk density, and water holding capacity were determined
by gravimetric drying at 105 °C over a period of 72 hours from an undisturbed soil sample with
a volume of 100 cm3. The dynamics of compaction status will be monitored by handheld
penetrometer (Eijkelkamp Penetrologger). The measurement procedure included 4
replications per plot, totaling 72 measurements per sampling. Samples for determining the
water-stable aggregates percentage were air-dried after careful preparation by hand, and then
vibrationally sieved for 30 seconds. Each fraction of aggregates was weighed to determine
their proportion in the soil using Kemper and Rosenau (1986) method. For climate
interpretation of the 30-year period meteorological data from the Zagreb-Maksimir station was
used and compared with dana from meteorological station at the Šašinovec Experimental
Farm. Yields were determined by weighing each harvested plot. The organic matter content
will be determined on each plot (a total of 18 samples per measurement). Statistical data
analysis, (two-factorial) experiment will be set up in a split-plot design, with tillage as the main
factor and mulching as the sub-factor. The impact of tillage, mulch, and their interactions on
yield and soil physical properties was tested for each year of the study. Data on soil physical
properties throughout the years of the study was statistically analyzed using analysis of
variance (ANOVA) adapted for split-plot design, utilizing the statistical program SAS 14.3.
According to the results, the combination of mulch and RT reduced the bulk density of the soil
in the first year of the trial, while the MT and CT treatments had no positive effect. Penetration
resistance measurements were below the root development thresholds throughout the
experiment and there were no positive effects of the reduction in penetration resistance by the
interaction of mulch and RT on the tested treatments in the first year. MT and RT with mulch
increased the water holding capacity of the soil in contrast to the bare treatments, and the
same positive effect was found for soil water content in the previously mentioned treatments.
The values of water-stable aggregates were not affected in the CT and MT treatments with
mulch, while a relative increase in stability was observed in the RT treatment with mulch
compared to the treatments without and with mulch. The organic matter content was not
positively influenced by the MT and RT treatments with mulch, while the CT treatment with
mulch had a positive effect in contrast to the treatment with mulch. The yield of soybeans
reached relatively higher values in MT and RT treatments with mulch than in untreated
treatments. In the following experimental year, the bulk density was significantly lower only in
the RT treatment with mulch than in the MT and CT treatments with mulch. A similar effect was
observed when measuring the penetration resistance. The water holding capacity of the soil
was significantly higher in the MT and RT treatment with straw than in the CT treatment with
straw. There were also significant differences in soil water content values, with MT and RT
treatments with mulch having higher values than CT treatments with mulch, furthermore, all
mulch treatments had higher values than the treatments without mulch. Interestingly, the
values for the water-stable aggregates were higher in the bare MT and RT treatments than in
the mulch treatment. The same effect was observed in the values for organic matter content
and yield of maize. In the third year of the trial, the bulk density was lower in the MT and RT
treatment with mulch than in the CT treatment with mulch. Significantly lower penetration
resistance was observed in all treatments with mulch compared to bare stems. In terms of
water holding capacity, MT and RT treatments with mulch had significantly higher values than
bare plots. For soil water content, MT and RT tree with mulch showed significantly higher
values than CT tree with mulch. The value of water-stable aggregates was significantly higher
in the MT treatment with mulch than in the other mulch treatments. The organic matter content
was also significantly higher in the MT treatment with mulch than in the other mulch treatments.
Finally, the yield of spring wheat was significantly higher in the MT and RT treatments with
mulch than in the CT treatment with mulch. In summary, it can be said that the continuous
application of non-inverting tillage with mulch contributes significantly to the reduction of soil
degradation. From the collected results, it can be concluded that the use of conventional
ploughing is no longer necessary, as soil degradation is greater and yields are not higher than
with other vertical tillage systems. The continuous use of straw mulch also contributes
significantly to improving the physical properties of the soil and maintaining the sustainability
of land use. Furthermore, tillage systems that combine vertical and shallow tillage with mulch
can mitigate the losses caused by ever-changing climatic conditions while providing farmers
with economic and environmental stability
Programmed cultivation of raspberry
No full textZbog povećane potražnje za svježim plodovima maline, proizvodnja malina značajno se
proširila i razvila diljem svijeta. Uobičajeno maline su se u Hrvatskoj proizvodile u sezoni od
sredine lipnja do sredine srpnja. Razvoj novih kultivara te novih tehnologija u proizvodnji
sadnica i plodova je omogućilo proizvođačima produžiti sezonu berbe malina u Hrvatskoj.
Uvođenjem novog tipa sadnica sa već diferenciranim generativnim organima („long cane“)
omogućilo nam je manipulaciju najvažnijih dijelova sezone berbe u preciznim vremenskim
intervalima. Cilj ovog rada je otkriti koji kultivar i koje vrste sadnica imaju potencijal za razvoj
programiranog uzgoja malina u Hrvatskoj s obzirom na okolišne uvjete.Due to the increased demand for fresh raspberries, raspberry production has expanded and
developed considerably. Traditionally, raspberries were grown in Croatia in the season from
mid- June to mid-July. The development of new cultivars and new technologies in planting
stock production and fruit production made it possible to extend the harvest season in Croatia.
The introduction of a new type of raspberry planting material with already differentiated
generative organs („long cane“) has enabled us to manipulate the most important parts of the
harvest season at precise time intervals. The aim of the study is to find out which cultivar and
which planting material has the potential for the development of programmed raspberry
cultivation in Croatia, taking into account the environmental conditions
Soil morpfhological features: formation, specifics and significance
No full textMorfologija tla podrazumijeva na terenu vidljive ili opipljive značajke tla (sklop profila, boja, poroznost, posebne pedogenetske tvorevine, tekstura i struktura, konzistencija, zakorjenjenost) i šireg zemljišta (reljef, stjenovitost i kamenitost, vegetacija). Ona je odraz pedogenetskih faktora i procesa u nekom području. Velik dio fizikalnih, bioloških i kemijskih svojstava tla može se procijeniti već temeljem njegove morfologije. Stoga je cilj ovog preglednog rada bio objasniti uvjete formiranja i specifična obilježja (kao i načine utvrđivanja na terenu) glavnih morfoloških značajki tla te ukazati na mogućnosti njihovog korištenja za brzu procjenu pogodnosti tla za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Zaključeno je da je morfologija tla iznimno vrijedan preliminarni pokazatelj kvalitete tla, kao i da morfološki opis osigurava ispravno uzorkovanje profila tla. Pritom je opis tla nužno provoditi detaljno, kompetentno i u skladu s odgovarajućom metodologijom.Soil morphology includes visible or tangible features of the soil (horizon sequence, soil color, porosity, pedofeatures, texture and structure, consistency, rooting) and the wider terrain (relief, rockiness and stoniness, vegetation). It reflects soil-forming factors and processes in a given area. A large part of physical, biological, and chemical soil properties can be assessed based on soil morphology. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explain the conditions of formation and specific characteristics (as well as field determination methods) of the main soil morphological features, and to indicate the possibilities of using them for a quick assessment of soil suitability for agricultural production. It was concluded that soil morphology is a very valuable preliminary indicator of soil quality, and that its description ensures proper soil profile sampling. However, soil description must be carried out in detail, with competence, and in accordance with appropriate methodology
Pathogenic miroorganisms of Permafrost
No full textPermafrost predstavlja još uvijek nedovoljno istražen genetski resurs. Njegovo otapanje otkrilo je tek osnovni uvid u raznolikost mikroorganizama koji uključuje brojne bakterije, arheje i viruse. Nedavna istraživanja dokazuju da su među virusima permafrosta najzastupljeniji dsDNA bakteriofagi, no ono što predstavlja najveću brigu je prisutnost brojnih humanih i animalnih patogena. Porast temperature i produljenje ljetne sezone brzo topi ledene mase u tlu, što ubrzava procese naglog otapanja i produbljuje aktivni sloj permafrosta. Naglo otapanje u područjima viših nadmorskih visina rezultira odvajanjem aktivnog sloja ili velikim klizištima tla te stvara krateraste doline. Modeli procjena predviđaju da će gubitak ugljika uzrokovan naglim otapanjem biti ekvivalentan 40 % gubitka očekivanog od postupnog otapanja. Trenutno imamo ograničeno razumijevanje kako se mikrobi odazivaju na takve nagle promjene i promjene u količinama leda, ugljika i hranjivih tvari.Permafrost represents a still insufficiently explored genetic resource. Its thawing has revealed only a basic insight into the diversity of microorganisms, including numerous bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Recent research proves that among the viruses in permafrost, dsDNA bacteriophages are the most prevalent, but the greatest concern lies in the presence of numerous human and animal pathogens. Rising temperatures and the extension of the summer season rapidly melt the ice masses in the soil, accelerating the processes of sudden thawing and deepening the active layer. Sudden thawing in higher altitude areas results in the separation of the active layer or large landslides, creating crater-like valleys. Estimation models predict that carbon loss caused by sudden thawing will be equivalent to 40 % of the loss expected from gradual thawing. Currently, we have a limited understanding of how microbes respond to such sudden changes and changes in the amounts of ice, carbon, and nutrients
Students' attitudes towards food waste
No full textOvaj završni rad analizira stavove zagrebačkih studenata o otpadu od hrane s ciljem dobivanja uvida u njihovo ponašanje, znanje i stavove prema ovom značajnom društvenom problemu.Otpad od hrane postao je jedan od ključnih pitanja modernog društva te ima velike ekonomsk, ekološke i socijalne posljedice. U istraživanju su sudjelovali studenti različitih fakulteta i sociodemografskih obilježja, a rezultati su pokazali da većina ispitanika baca između 5% i 15% hrane, pri čemu se najviše baca povrće, voće i meso. Najčešći razlozi za bacanje su višak pripremljene hrane, istek roka trajanja i kvarenje. Također, ispitanici su izrazili svjesnost o važnosti smanjena otpada od hrane te su ponudili razne preporuke poput planiranje obroka, pravilnog skladištenja hrane i doniranje viška hrane. Ovi rezultati mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnje edukativne programe usmjerene na smanjenje otpada od hrane među studentskom populacijom.This thesis analyzes the attitudes of Zagreb students towards food waste with the aim of gaining insight into their behavior, knowledge and attitudes towards this important social issue.
Food waste has become one of the most important issues in modern society and has significant economic, environmental and social consequences. Students from different faculties and with different socio-demographic characteristics took part in the study. The results showed that the majority of respondents waste between 5 and 15% of food, with vegetables, fruit and meat being the most frequently thrown away. The most common reasons for food waste are oversupply of prepared food, expired best before date and spoilage. In addition, respondents were aware of the importance of reducing food waste and made various recommendations, such as meal planning, proper food storage and donating surplus food. These results can serve as a basis for further educational programs aimed at reducing food waste among the student body
Strategies for reducing food waste and their impact on environmental conservation
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje strategije za smanjenje prehrambenog otpada i njihov utjecaj na
okoliš. Kroz analizu literature, studije slučaja i primjere dobre prakse, istražuju se različiti
pristupi poput prevencije otpada, redistribucije viška hrane i recikliranja. Cilj je identificirati
najučinkovitije strategije te zakonodavstvo i politike za smanjenje otpada, i njihov
potencijalni utjecaj na očuvanje okoliša. Rezultati pokazuju da strategije poput prevencije
otpada, redistribucije viška hrane i recikliranja pružaju korisne smjernice za djelovanje u
borbi protiv prehrambenog otpada i zaštiti okoliša za buduće generacije. Ovaj rad naglašava
važnost promicanja održivih praksi u prehrambenom sektoru radi stvaranja održivijeg i
otpornijeg prehrambenog sustava.This paper examines strategies to reduce food waste and their impact on the environment.
Using literature reviews, case studies and best practice examples, different approaches such as
waste prevention, redistribution of surplus food and recycling are examined. The aim is to
identify the most effective strategies, legislation and policy measures to reduce waste and
their potential impact on environmental conservation. The results show that strategies such as
waste prevention, redistribution of surplus food and recycling are useful guidelines for
measures to combat food waste and protect the environment for future generations. This paper
highlights the importance of promoting sustainable practices in the food sector to create a
more sustainable and resilient food system
Nutritional and antimicrobial properties of products made from goat and donkey milk
No full textKozje i magareće mlijeko zbog svojih specifičnih svojstava, poput visoke probavljivosti, visokog
sadržaja esencijalnih nutrijenata, bioloških i funkcionalnih specifičnosti proteina kao i
prisustva specifičnih enzima, imaju značajan prehrambeni i terapeutski učinak na ljudski
organizam. Kozje mlijeko se ističe od ostalih vrsta mlijeka po specifičnom okusu koje se
pripisuje značajnom sadržaju kaprilne, kapronske i kaprinske masne kiseline, dok magareće
mlijeko sadrži veći udio laktoze koja ga čini pogodnim za proizvodnju fermentiranih proizvoda.
Upravo zbog velike količine laktoze magareće mlijeko nije preporučljivo za osobe koje su
intolerantne na laktozu. Za razliku od kozjeg mlijeka koje se sastoji od velikog udjela masti i
proteina te se najviše prerađuje u sir, mlijeko magarica pripada albuminskoj vrsti mlijeka pa je
pogodnije za preradu u fermentirana mlijeka. Obje vrste mlijeka karakterizira brojna
antimikrobna, antioksidativna i antiupalna svojstva. Cilj rada je usporediti nutritivna,
antimikrobna i terapeutska svojstva proizvoda (sir, jogurt, probiotička fermentirana mlijeka)
od kozjeg i magarećeg mlijeka.Goat's and donkey's milk have a significant nutritional and therapeutic effect on the human
body due to their specific properties such as high digestibility, high content of essential
nutrients, biological and functional characteristics of proteins and the presence of specific
enzymes. Goat's milk differs from other types of milk in its particular flavour, which is due to
its high content of caprylic, capric and caproic fatty acids. On the other hand, donkey milk
contains a high proportion of lactose, which makes it a suitable substrate for the production
of fermented products, although its high lactose content makes it unsuitable for people with
lactose intolerance. Unlike goat's milk, which has a high fat and protein content and is usually
processed into cheese, donkey's milk is a type of milk that contains protein and is therefore
more suitable for processing into fermented milk products. Both types of milk are rich in
antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this article is to
compare the nutritional, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties of products (cheese,
yoghurt, probiotic fermented milk) made from goat's and donkey's milk
Impact of intensive agriculture on the biodiversity of entomofauna
No full textIntenzivna poljoprivreda jedan je od glavnih uzroka gubitka bioraznolikosti. Da bi se istražio
utjecaj intenzivne poljoprivrede na entomofaunu, provedeno je istraživanje populacije kukaca
(Insecta) i paučnjaka (Arachnida) na površini pod strnom žitaricom tritikale i na livadi na
području sela Lužan. Fauna je prikupljana kečiranjem u razdoblju od travnja do lipnja 2023.
godine. Rezultati su pokazali razlike u brojnosti i dominantnosti pojedinih redova na ova dva
staništa; red Hemiptera i Coleoptera bili su brojniji na površini pod tritkaleom, dok su na livadi
bili brojniji Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera i Orthoptera. Shannon-Wiener indeks bio je
viši za livadu što pokazuje veću bioraznolikost i stabilnost ovog staništa. Zbog sve većeg širenja
poljoprivrednih površina, potrebno je provoditi više istraživanja o utjecaju poljoprivrede na
bioraznolikost.Intensive agriculture is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. In order to investigate the
impact of intensive agriculture on entomofauna, a survey of the population of insects (Insecta)
and spiders (Aranea) was conducted on the triticale field and grassland in the area of the village
of Lužan. The fauna was collected by sweep netting in the period from April to June 2023. The
results showed differences in the abundance and dominance of certain orders in these two
habitats; the order Hemiptera and Coleoptera were more numerous on the triticale field, while
Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera were more numerous in the meadow. The
Shannon-Wiener index was higher for the grassland, which is a indicator of greater biodiversity
and stability of this habitat. Due to the increasing expansion of agricultural areas, it is necessary
to conduct more research on the impact of agriculture on biodiversity