Repository Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb
Not a member yet
3827 research outputs found
Sort by
Wild plant species in the area locality Mužilovčica of the Lonjsko polje Nature Park
No full textPrirodno poplavno područje PP Lonjsko polje u nizini rijeke Save i njenih pritoka raspolaže iznimnim prirodnim i kulturnim vrijednostima. Suživot čovjeka i okoliša na ovim prostorima imala su pozitivan i negativan utjecaj na ekosustav. Ramsarski popis štiti ga od 1993., a 3 područja unutar parka nalaze se unutar ekološke mreže Natura 2000. U naselju Mužilovčica na tri lokacije pod većim utjecajem vlage inventariziran je i determiniran floristički sastav. Rezultati inventarizacije uspoređeni su s drugim istraživanjima sa sličnih staništa. Ukupno je utvrđeno 169 biljnih svojti, raspoređenih u 50 porodica i 108 rodova. Najzastupljenije su sjemenjače (Spermathophyta) sa 164 svojti, a ostalih 5 svojti čine papratnjače (Pteridophyta).
Jednosupnica (Monocotyledonae) je utvrđeno 59 svojti iz 11 porodica, a dvosupnica (Dicotyledonae) 105 svojti iz 34 porodice. Sve papratnjače svrstane su u razred pravih paprati osim biljne vrste Selaginella helvetica L. koja pripada razredu crvotočina (Lycopodiopsida). Određene su invazivne i ugrožene svojte te Ellenbergovi indeksi za svaku svojtu. Analizirane su prosječne vrijednosti Ellenbergovih ekoloških indikatora za 5 staništa. Svi indikatori su pokazali približno jednake prosječne vrijednosti osim vlage (U). Odstupanja između prosječnih vrijednosti vlage (U) pokazuju nehomogenost staništa. Prema FCD bazi podataka za Hrvatsku inventarizirane su 4 invazivne biljne svojte i 86 ugroženih biljnih svojti. Od ugroženih posebno su zanimljive ugrožena (EN) flotantna vrsta Marsillea quadrifolia L. koja se jedino ekstenzivnim pašarenjem i redovitim plavljenjem može održati u flori te osjetljiva (VU) Fritillaria meleagris L. svojta hrvatske flore, koja također za opstanak treba vlažne i povremeno plavljene livade.
Invazivno ponašanje zamijećeno je kod neinvazivnih vrsta Glechoma hederacea L. i Potentilla reptans L. Osjetljivost i biološka raznolikost plavljenih staništa zahtijevaju pažljivo osmišljene planove upravljanja kako bi se očuvale ekološke vrijednosti područja PP Lonjsko polje koje je zadnjih desetljeća posebno ugroženo zbog promjene globalne klime i velikog antropogenog utjecaja.The natural flood area of PP Lonjsko polje in the lowlands of the Sava River and its tributaries has exceptional natural and cultural values. The coexistence of man and the environment in these areas had a positive and negative impact on the ecosystem. The Ramsar list has been protecting it since 1993, and 3 areas within the park are within the Natura 2000 ecological network. The results of the inventory were compared with other surveys from similar habitats. A total of 169 plant properties were determined, distributed in 50 families and 108 genera. The most represented are spermatophyta (Spermatophyta) with 164 properties, and the other 5 properties are made up of ferns (Pteridophyta).
Monocots (Monocotyledonae) identified 59 properties from 11 families, and dicotyledons (Dicotyledonae) 105 properties from 34 families. All ferns are classified in the class of true ferns, except for the plant species Selaginella helvetica L., which belongs to the class of wormholes (Lycopodiopsida). Invasive and threatened intrinsic and Ellenberg indices were determined for each of its values. The average values of Ellenberg's ecological indicators for 5 habitats were analyzed. All indicators showed approximately equal average values except moisture (U). Deviations between the average moisture values (U) show the inhomogeneity of the state. According to the FCD database for Croatia, 4 invasive plant traits and 86 endangered plant traits were inventoried. Of the endangered species, especially interesting are the endangered (EN) floating species Marsillea quadrifolia L., which can only be maintained in the flora by extensive grazing and regular flooding, and the sensitive (VU) Fritillaria meleagris L., a taxon of the Croatian flora, which also needs moist and occasionally flooded meadows to survive.
Invasive behavior has been replaced by the non-invasive species Glechoma hederacea L. and Potentilla reptans L. The sensitivity and biological diversity of flooded habitats require carefully designed management plans in order to preserve the ecological values of the PP Lonjsko polje area, which has been particularly threatened in recent decades due to global climate changes and large anthropogenic influence
The production of albumin cheese with addition of basil extract
No full textU proizvodnji sira mozzarelle, koagulacija mlijeka provodi se dodatkom sirila u prethodno zakiseljeno mlijeko. Iz tog razloga, sirutka koja nastaje nakon proizvodnje mozzarelle niže je pH vrijednosti što može rezultirati kiselim okusom skute. Povrh toga, okus skute na kuhano mlijeko javlja se zbog visoke temperature kuhanja sirutke (93-95°C) što često nije prihvatljivo potrošačima. Dodatak začina u proizvodnji sireva vrlo se često koristi u cilju poboljšanja senzorskih svojstava. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti utjecaj dodatka ekstrakta bosiljka na sastav i senzorska svojstva skute. Iz sirutke nastale nakon proizvodnje sira mozzarella proizvedena je skuta u tri šarže. Proizvedeni sirevi iste šarže podijeljeni su u dvije skupine: I) skuta bez dodatka ekstrakta bosiljka, II) skuta uz dodatak vodenog ekstrakta bosiljka (3g/100g skute). Skuta s dodatkom ekstrakta bosiljka imala je značajno niži sadržaj masti (P<0,05). Dodatak ekstrakta bosiljka značajno (P<0,01) je utjecao na boju skute (L*, a*, b*), dok se ocjene senzorskih svojstava skute s ekstraktom bosiljka nisu značajno razlikovale u usporedbi s ocjenama skute bez bosiljka. Kvantitativnom deskriptivnom senzorskom analizom utvrđene su značajno (P<0,05) niže vrijednosti za kompaktnost oblika i dopadljivost izgleda, glatkoće i nježnosti teksture u ustima, te arome i mirisa po kuhanom mlijeku kod skute s dodatkom ekstrakta bosiljka u odnosu na skutu bez bosiljka.In the production of mozzarella cheese, the milk coagulation is carried out by adding rennet to previously acidified milk. For this reason, the whey obtained after the production of mozzarella has a lower pH value, which can lead to an acidic flavour of albumin cheese. In addition, the flavour of albumin cheese on cooked milk occurs due to the high cooking temperature of the whey (93-95°C), which is often unacceptable to consumers. The addition of spices in the production of cheese is very often used to improve the sensory properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the addition of basil extract on the composition and sensory properties of albumin cheese. Albumin cheese was produced in three batches from the whey left over from the production of mozzarella-type cheese. The cheeses produced from the same batch were divided into two groups: I) without the addition of basil extract II) with the addition of aqueous basil extract (3g/100g albumin cheese). Albumin cheese with the addition of basil extract had a significantly lower fat content (P˂0.05). The addition of basil extract had a significant effect (P˂0.01) on the colour of the albumin cheese (L*, a*, b*), while the evaluations of the sensory properties of the albumin cheese with basil extract did not differ significantly from the evaluations of the albumin cheese without basil. Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower scores for compactness of shape and acceptability of appearance, smoothness and tenderness of texture during consumption, as well as for flavour and odour of cooked milk for albumin cheese with added basil extract compared to cheese without basil
From the collapse of the textile industry to the opportunity for endogenous rural development: the example of wool as a resource
No full textTekstilna industrija je kroz povijest imala značajnu ulogu u hrvatskom gospodarstvu, no u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća tradicionalne industrije doživjele su značajan pad. Jedna od dugotrajnih posljedica pada tekstilne industrije u Hrvatskoj je pojava viška vune na tržištu. Uz smanjenu prisutnost tekstilne industrije, potražnja za vunom se smanjila, što je dovelo do viška ponude. Kao rezultat toga, javlja se potreba za novim razvojnim metodama koje osnažuju lokalne aktere i potiču održive prakse endogenog razvoja. Ovaj rad istražuje mogućnosti za endogeni ruralni razvoj, fokusirajući se na vunu kao resurs koji je ranije bio zanemaren. Vuna, koja je dugo smatrana otpadom, predstavlja priliku za gospodarski oporavak i inovacije. Kroz rad se analiziraju intervjui s poduzetnicama u Hrvatskoj koje su pokrenule vlastite projekte u vezi s preradom i korištenjem vune, istražujući njihovu motivaciju, izazove i mogućnosti koje su prepoznale u korištenju ovog prirodnog resursa.The textile industry has historically played a significant role in the Croatian economy, but in recent decades, traditional industries have experienced a substantial decline. One of the long- term consequences of the decline of the textile industry in Croatia is the surplus of wool on the market. With the reduced presence of the textile industry, the demand for wool has decreased, leading to an excess supply. As a result, there is a need for new development methods that empower local actors and promote sustainable practices of endogenous development. This paper explores the possibilities for endogenous rural development, focusing on wool as a previously neglected resource. Wool, which has long been considered waste, now represents an opportunity for economic recovery and innovation. The paper analyses interviews with female entrepreneurs in Croatia who have launched their own projects related to wool processing and utilization, examining their motivations, challenges, and the opportunities they have identified in using this natural resource
Landscape design of the Hrelić market in Zagreb
No full textSajmište Hrelić u Zagrebu, unatoč svojoj prepoznatljivosti i dugogodišnjoj tradiciji,
suočava se s brojnim izazovima zbog zapuštenosti i neadekvatnog održavanja. Cilj ovog
rada bio je izraditi prijedlog idejnog rješenja krajobraznog oblikovanja sajmišta, kako bi
se poboljšala funkcionalnost i vizualna vrijednost prostora. Kroz analizu postojećeg
stanja i potreba sajmišta, predloženi su elementi poput zelenih površina, vodnih
elemenata te šetnica, uz zadržavanje autentičnog karaktera prostora. Glavni rezultati
uključuju idejno rješenje koje nastoji stvoriti ugodniji prostor za boravak, trgovinu i
društvenu interakciju, doprinoseći dugoročnoj održivosti i privlačnosti sajmišta.The Hrelić flea market in Zagreb, despite its recognition and long-standing tradition,
faces numerous challenges due to neglect and inadequate maintenance. The aim of this
thesis was to develop a conceptual landscape design proposal for the market to improve
its functionality and aesthetic value. Through the analysis of the existing conditions and
market needs, elements such as green spaces, water features, and walkways were
proposed, while preserving the authentic character of the space. The main results
include a conceptual design aimed at creating a more pleasant environment for visitors,
commerce, and social interaction, contributing to the long-term sustainability and
attractiveness of the market
Mechanisation for maintenance and olive production
No full textMaslinarstvo podrazumijeva uzgoj maslina i proizvodnju plodova masline koji se mogu koristiti za dobivanje maslinovih ulja ili konzumnih maslina. Maslinarstvo kao grana poljoprivrede RH, EU i svijeta veoma je gospodarski vaţna. EU je najveći svjetski proizvoĎač i potrošač maslina i maslinovih ulja. Osim EU članica značajnu proizvodnju imaju Turska, Maroko, Tunis, Alţir, Kina, Novi Zeland, Juţnoafrička Republika, Čile, Argentina i Kalifornija u SAD-u. Brze i sveobuhvatne izmjene su se odvijale kroz zadnjih nekoliko godina u svijetu bile su ključni pokretač evolucije prakse uzgoja maslina na globalnoj razini. Ov potrebe za promjenama postupno modificiraju tradicionalne scenarije uzgoja maslina zahvaljujući uspješnoj pojavi modernog mehaniziranog i specijaliziranog uzgoja maslina gdje su poboljšanja učinkovitosti resursa i smanjenje troškova proizvodnje postali obvezni. Uzgoj maslinika podrazumijeva sve operacije koji se odnose na agrotehniku tla (gnojidba, odrţavanje tla) kao i na pomotehničke zahvate (formiranje uzgojnih oblika, zaštita, rezidba). Glavni cilj ovih radova je odrţavanje tla i stabala maslina u fazama: pripreme tla za sadbnju, odrţavanje maslinika do pune rodnosti i odrţavanje ravnoteţe rasta i rodnosti maslinika u fazi pune rodnosti maslina.Olive growing means the cultivation of olive orchards and the production of olive fruits that can be used to obtain olive oil or table olives. Olive growing as a branch of agriculture in Croatia, EU and the world is very economically important. The EU is the world's largest producer and consumer of olives and olive oils. In addition to EU members, Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, China, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Argentina and California in the USA have significant production. The rapid and comprehensive changes that have taken place in the last few years in the world have been a key driver of the evolution of olive growing practices on a global scale. These changes are gradually modifying the traditional scenarios of olive cultivation thanks to the successful emergence of modern mechanized and specialized olive cultivation where improvements in resource efficiency and reduction of production costs have become mandatory. Cultivation of olive orchards includes works related to soil agrotechnics (soil maintenance, fertilization) and elaiotechnical (auxiliary) procedures (pruning, formation of cultivation forms, protection). The main goal of these works is to maintain the soil and olive trees in the following phases: preparing the soil for planting, maintaining the olive orchards until full fertility, and maintaining the balance of tree growth and yield of the olives
Life cycle and molecular characterization of the orange spiny whitefly Aleurochanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) as a new quarantine pest of citrus fruits in The Republic of Croatia
No full textNarančin trnoviti štitasti moljac Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleyrodinae) nova je entomološka vrsta u Republici Hrvatskoj i trenutačno ima status karantenskog štetnika Unije, Prilog II, Dio B, i predstavlja ozbiljan fitosanitarni rizik u proizvodnji agruma. Vrsta A. spiniferus u Europi je prvi put otkrivena 2008. godine na području južne Italije. Na prostoru Republike Hrvatske prvi put je nađena i eradicirana 2012. godine. U ostalim mediteranskim područjima, poput Crne Gore, Italije i Grčke, vrsta A. spiniferus aklimatizirala se i pričinja značajne štete, posebice u nasadima agruma. U 2018. godini A. spiniferus identificiran je u proizvodnom nasadu mandarine na krajnjem jugu Republike Hrvatske, a u 2019. godini zabilježeno je njegovo širenje prema sjeverozapadu zemlje, čemu su pogodovali polifagnost štetnika i klimatski uvjeti. Štete pričinja sisanjem biljnih sokova na naličju listova te izlučivanjem obilne medne rose, na kojoj se sekundarno razvijaju gljivice čađavice, što uzrokuje smanjenje procesa fotosinteze i evapotranspiracije biljke. Budući da se radi o novootkrivenom karantenskom štetniku, istraživanja ove vrste nisu provedena na području Republike Hrvatske.
Ciljevi ovog rada bili su istražiti životni ciklus vrste u prirodnim i u kontroliranim uvjetima, izraditi fenogram razvoja vrste, istražiti potencijalne biljke domaćine i analizama odrediti haplotipove na temelju sekvenci citokrom c oksidaze podjedinice I (COI) mitohondrijalne DNA (mtDNA). Istraživanje životnog ciklusa A. spiniferus provedeno je od siječnja 2020. do siječnja 2022. u prirodnim uvjetima u Vitaljini, a uključivalo je prikupljanje, praćenje brojnosti i laboratorijske analize svih pojedinih razvojnih stadija. Istraživanje životnog ciklusa u kontroliranim uvjetima provedeno je u walk-in komorama na četiri različite temperature s istim postotkom relativne vlažnosti zraka u Centru za zaštitu bilja Hrvatske agencije za poljoprivredu i hranu (HAPIH). Tijekom istraživanja štetnika u prirodnim uvjetima utvrđeno je da štetnik razvija tri generacije godišnje, a za razvoj jedne generacije potrebno je od 41 do 105 dana što ovisi o okolišnim čimbenicima. Generacije se međusobno preklapaju, a na agrumima su istovremeno prisutni svi stadiji. U kontroliranim uvjetima najduži razvoj utvrđen je pri temperaturi od 20 °C i trajao je 79 dana. Najkraći razvoj utvrđen je pri temperaturi od 30 °C te je potpuni razvoj završen nakon 42 dana. Testirane biljke (Acca sellowiana Berg. (Myrataceae), Sorbus domestica L. (Rosaceae), Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae), Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) 'Hayward' (Actinidiaceae), Aspidistra elatior Blume (Asparagaceae), Pittospora tobira (Thunb.) 'nanum' (Pittosporaceae)) nisu određene kao potencijalne biljke domaćini, jer na njima nije ostvaren embrionalni i postembrionalni razvoj. Analizom je utvrđena prisutnost dva haplotipa, H1 i H2, u populaciji narančina trnovitog štitastog moljca A. spiniferus u Republici Hrvatskoj. Dva haplotipa pripadaju dvjema različitim haplogrupama. Haplotip H1 vjerojatno je podrijetlom iz Italije, dok se haplotip H2 može povezati s unosom iz Crne Gore. Razvidno je da A. spiniferus zbog svojih bioloških značajki opravdano zaslužuje karantenski status i predstavlja značajan fitosanitarni rizik i ozbiljnu prijetnju u uzgoju agruma što ga čini posebice zanimljivim i istraživanja vrijednim štetnim organizmom. Sustavnim istraživanjem biljaka domaćina, praćenjem populacije štetnika, istraživanjem učinkovitosti prirodnih neprijatelja mogu se razviti učinkoviti programi za suzbijanje ovog štetnika u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Važno je educirati javnost i sve sudionike poljoprivredne proizvodnje o sprječavanju širenja tog karantenskog štetnika jer je edukacija najvažniji resurs uspjeha i učinkovitog suzbijanja.Life cycle and molecular characterization of the orange spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) as a new quarantine pest of citrus fruits in The Republic of Croatia
The orange spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleyrodinae) is a new entomological species in Croatia and currently has the status of a quarantine pest on the Union list, Part II, Annex B. A. spiniferus originates from Southeast Asia and belongs to the genus Aleurocanthus Quaintance & Baker, 1914, which includes about 90 species worldwide. Along with the species Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915, it is one of the economically important pests. It was first detected in Europe in 2008 in southern Italy, and in subsequent years, it has spread to other Mediterranean countries. The adult stage of A. spiniferus is a small insect, measuring only 1.30-1.70 mm, characterized by dark-colored wings. The puparium of A. spiniferus is black and features white marginal wax filaments. It is a polyphagous pest, proven to attack more than 90 plant species from 38 plant families, with species from the genus Citrus spp., Pyrus spp., and Vitis spp., the main economically important host plants. It causes damage by feeding on plant sap on the undersides of leaves and by excreting abundant honeydew on which sooty mold fungi colonize, leading to reduced photosynthesis and evapotranspiration, defoliation, and stunted plant growth. In 2018, the first positive finding in a natural environment was confirmed in Vitaljina, southern Croatia. Along with the four whitefly species recorded on citrus in Croatia so far, Dialeurodes citri Ashmead, 1885, Parabemisia myricae Kuwana, 1927, Aleurothrixus floccosus Maskell, 1914 and Aleuroclava aucubae Kuwana, 1911, it is among the economically important citrus pests. Controlling A. spiniferus is challenging due to its polyphagy, high reproductive potential, overlapping generations, and all developmental stages in the orchard. As it is a newly introduced species, this quarantine pest's biological and ecological characteristics are insufficiently studied. In 2019, its spread towards northwest Croatia was recorded, posing a high phytosanitary risk, especially for the Neretva River valley area, the main citrus-growing region in Croatia. However, due to the limited presence of natural enemies in this area, there is a risk of establishing infestations on new crops and new plantations such as grapevines, pears, apples, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the life cycle of the pest under outdoor and controlled conditions in walk-in chambers at four different temperatures with the same relative humidity, to create a phenogram of the species' development, to determine potential host plants, and to perform analyses based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to reconstruct possible invasion routes of A. spiniferus in Croatia.
Field research on the life cycle of the pest A. spiniferus in natural conditions was conducted from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022, in the locality of Vitaljina, in a private mandarin orchard. The life cycle of A. spiniferus was determined based on monitoring and recording data on the occurrence of all developmental stages of the pest. Yellow sticky traps were used to signal the beginning of the flight of the adult stage, and every 7-10 days during the vegetation period, all present developmental stages were recorded on the underside of the leaves using a 60x hand magnifier. Subsequently, the time frames for the duration of each individual life stage were calculated. In addition to the life cycle, the population dynamics were determined by counting eggs, larvae, puparium and adults on the leaves. Mandarin leaves were also inspected throughout the year, every 7-10 days during the vegetation period and once a month during the dormant period. In 2020, 1620 leaves were analysed, and in 2021, 1512 leaves were from 18 trees. The sampled material was stored in plastic PVC bags and transported to the Institute for Mediterranean Cultures laboratory at the University of Dubrovnik. In the laboratory, the presence of each developmental stage, from eggs to puparia, was determined and recorded on the underside of the leaves using an Olympus SZ40 stereomicroscope. In contrast, the number of adult stages was determined by counting individuals on the underside of the
leaves in the orchard. Each pre-imaginal stage of the pest was expressed as the number of eggs, larvae L1, L2-L3, and L4, as well as adults per 100 cm2 of leaf surface. Climate data from the nearest meteorological station (Dubrovnik airport) were recorded during the research to facilitate the determination of the occurrence of specific developmental stages of the pest in the study of its biology in the southern region of Croatia. Identification of other beneficial entomofauna on the collected leaves was carried out to determine the potential presence of natural enemies of A. spiniferus. Determination of entomofauna was conducted at the Plant Protection Center, CAAF, based on morphological characteristics using relevant keys available in the literature, using an Olympus BX51 binocular light microscope equipped with an Olympus DP25 digital microscopic camera and analySIS doc morphometry software.
The pest's life cycle was investigated in controlled conditions according to the method of Argov et al. (1999) in walk-in climate chambers. Four mandarin seedlings were placed in each individual entomological cage in the climate chambers with fluorescent light, set to a photoperiod of L16:D8, and a relative humidity of 80 ± 10%, while the temperature varied in four treatments: 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C. Subsequently, an artificial infestation with 300 individuals of adult developmental stages of the pest was conducted for 24 hours. The leaf examination was carried out using a hand magnifier with 60x magnification, and the biological development of the species in climate chambers was conducted every three days. All leaves on which pre-imaginal stages were present were marked. Average values of the development length for each developmental stage at different temperatures and under natural conditions. Sexual index determination and oviposition of A. spiniferus were conducted in walk-in chambers. Molecular analysis of A. spiniferus was performed using the PCR method on ten samples. DNA isolation was carried out using the Dneasy Blood & Tissue isolation kit (Qiagen® GmbH, Hilden, Germany), and the isolated DNA was stored at -20°C. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to the method of Uesugi et al. (2016). Visualization of PCR products was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. A 200 bp DNA ladder containing 13 fragments of known lengths was used as a molecular weight standard for DNA determination. After electrophoresis, the gel was examined and photographed using the UVIdoc HD2 system. The amplified mtCOI fragments of 670 bp were purified using the GenElute® PCR Clean-up Kit and sent to Macrogen Europe® service for sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with sequences from the GenBank database using the BLAST program.
In both years of the study, in natural conditions, adult developmental stages were recorded in April. In the climate conditions of southern coastal Croatia, A. spiniferus has three generations per year and overwinters in the fourth larval stage. The total development of A. Spiniferus from egg to adult, in the first year of the study, lasted from 41-105 days, while in the second year it lasted from 49-93 days. Overlapping generations were recorded. In monitoring the population dynamics, maximums of individual developmental stages were recorded in both years of the study. In contrast, for the larvae of the fourth developmental stage, it was not possible due to overlapping generations, and some larvae remained on the leaves and overwintered in that stage. In determining other entomofauna to find natural enemies of A. spiniferus, the Coccinelidae species Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1974) was confirmed. The determination of the sexual index at different temperatures revealed that females predominated in the overall population (0-7-0.8), while the highest number of deposited eggs was observed at 25 °C (506 eggs/24 h). None of the six tested host plants were found to be suitable hosts.
This scientific paper represents a significant contribution to entomological science as it provides a deeper understanding of the biological development of the quarantine pest A. spiniferus. The research was conducted under natural conditions, which allowed for the establishment of a scientific basis for the control and prevention of the spread of this pest,
particularly in the area of intensive citrus production in the Neretva Valley, which is at high risk of infestation by this pest. Furthermore, this study presents the ideal conditions that favor the development of this pest, which can serve as a basis for future research on this species.
Moreover, this paper also contributes to the genetic identification of the species, which is essential in the context of controlling the introduction of plant material from other countries to prevent the possibility of spreading this pest to new areas and host plants. These findings are crucial for preserving citrus orchard productivity in the Neretva Valley and the other regions at risk of infestation by this pest
The potential of the rhizospheric microbiome of organically grown lettuce in the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je odrediti zastupljenost enterobakterija u rizosferi ekološki
uzgojene zelene salate (Lactuca sativa L.) te istražiti osjetljivost sojeva reda Enterobacteriales
prema klinički značajnim antibioticima. Ukupno je sakupljeno 18 uzoraka rizosfernog tla tri
sorti zelene salate (kristalka, puterica i hrastov list) s područja Varaždinske (OPG1) i Istarske
županije (OPG2). Prosječne vrijednosti ukupnog broja mikroorganizama iznosile su 6,92 ±
0,12 log CFU/g za OPG1 te 7,09 ± 0,16 log CFU/g za OPG2, dok je ukupni broj
enterobakterija bio 5,68 ± 0,26 log CFU/g za OPG1, te 5,23 ± 0,42 log CFU/g za OPG2. S
obzirom da su statistički značajne razlike zamijećene samo u ukupnom broju
mikroorganizama i enterobakterija između različitih gospodarstava, ali ne i između sorata,
MALDI-TOF masenim spektrometrom identificirani su samo izolati izolirani iz rizosfernog
tla sorte kristalke (n=120). Ukupno je identificirano šest rodova i 24 različite vrste bakterija,
među kojima su tri roda i 12 vrsta pripadali redu Enterobacteriales, a po zastupljenosti se
isticala vrsta Enterobacter ludwigi (41,2%). Svi izolati enterobakterija (n=85) genotipizirani
su rep-PCR metodom te je selektirano njih 68 kojima je određena antibiotička rezistencija na
10 klasa antibiotika disk difuzijskom metodom. Među ispitivanim sojevima, jedan soj
pokazao je ekstrinzično uvjetovanu rezistenciju na dvije klase antibiotika (1,5%), dva soja
bila su rezistentna na jednu klasu (2,9%), jedan soj bio je rezistentan na jednu klasu
antibiotika (1,5%), a umjereno osjetljiv na drugu, dok su tri soja bila umjereno osjetljiva na
jednu klasu antibiotika (4,4%). Kod ostalih sojeva (n=55) rezistentnost ili umjerena
osjetljivost bila je intrinzično uvjetovana za ispitivane klase antibiotika, dok je šest sojeva bilo
osjetljivo na sve ispitivane antibiotike. Rezultati ovog rada pokazuju da enterobakterije čine
značajan udio ukupne mikrobiote rizosfere zelene salate (1,3 do 8,8%), ali da ni jedan soj ne
pripada skupini multirezistentnih bakterija.The aim of this study was to determine the presence of enterobacteria in the
rhizosphere of organically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to investigate the sensitivity
of Enterobacteriales strains to clinically relevant antibiotics. A total of 18 rhizosphere soil
samples of three varieties of lettuce (Iceberg, Butterhead and Oak leaf) were collected from
Varaždin (OPG1) and Istria (OPG2) Counties. The average values of the total number of
microorganisms were 6,92 ± 0,12 log CFU/g for OPG1 te 7,09 ± 0,16 log CFU/g for OPG2,
while the total number of enterobacteria was 5,68 ± 0,26 log CFU/g for OPG1 and 5,23 ± 0,42
log CFU/g for OPG2. Although statistically significant differences were observed only in the
total number of microorganisms and enterobacteria between the two farms, but not between
cultivars, only isolates isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the Iceberg variety were identified
by MALDI-TOF (n=120). In total, six genera and 24 different types of bacteria were
identified, among which three genera and 12 species belonged to the order Enterobacteriales
and species Enterobacter ludwigi was the most abundant (41,2%). All isolates of
enterobacteria (n=85) were genotyped using the rep-PCR method, and 68 of them were
selected for which antibiotic resistance to 10 different classes of antibiotics was determined
using the disk diffusion method. Among the tested isolates, one showed extrinsically
conditioned resistance to two classes of antibiotics (1.5%), two isolates were resistant to one
class of antibiotics (2.9%), one isolate was resistant to one class of antibiotics (1.5%) and
moderately sensitive to another, while three isolates were moderately sensitive to one class of
antibiotics (4.4%). In the other strains (n=55), resistance or moderate sensitivity was
intrinsically determined for the tested classes of antibiotics, while six strains were sensitive to
all tested antibiotics. The results of this work show that enterobacteria make up a significant
proportion of the total microbiota of the lettuce rhizosphere (1.3 to 8.8%), but that not a single
strain belongs to the group of multiresistant bacteria
Genomic introgression in Croatian cattle breeds
No full textHrvatske pasmine goveda imaju dugu povijest u poljoprivredi Hrvatske. Danas nisu toliko zastupljene u proizvodnji zbog uvezenih komercijalnih pasmina. Međutim, hrvatske pasmine goveda posjeduju gene za otpornost koji su rezultat lokanih adaptacija, što opravdava potrebu za njihovom konzervacijom. Pasmine su se razvijale i prilagođavale različitim geografskim područjima Republike Hrvatske, čime svojim izgledom i prilagodljivošću odražavaju te uvjete. U ovom istraživanju korišten je Illumina Bovine HD BeadChip (777 K) te ukupno 674 goveda raspodijeljena u 25 pasmina. Ključne informacije koje SNP-ovi sadrže korištene su u daljnjim analizama genetske raznolikosti i strukture populacija. Cilj rada bio je identificirati genetsku introgresiju unutar hrvatskih pasmina. Uočeno je izdvajanje slavonsko-srijemskog podolca kao zasebne pasmine već u samim počecima analiza. Buša i istarsko govedo često su se grupirali zajedno tijekom analiza glavnih komponenti i neighbor-net mreža. Analize strukture populacija ukazuju na visoke razine primjese (engl. admixture) unutar pasmine buše, dok su nešto manje razine zabilježene unutar istarskog goveda. Slavonsko-srijemski podolac u analizama strukture populacije ponovno se izdvaja od svih ostalih pasmina korištenih u analizi. Analize migracije gena nisu prikazale protoke gena između hrvatskih i lokalnih pasmina, poput talijanskih i komercijanih. Rezultati ovog rada pokazuju genetsku različitost hrvatskih pasmina goveda u odnosu na ostale pasmine te potvrđuju njihov neupitan status. Za precizniju i pouzdaniju analizu potrebno je povećati uzorak i uključiti dodatne metode identifikacije introgresije.Croatian cattle breeds are deeply rooted in the agricultural history of Croatia. Today, they are not involved in production due to the introduction of imported commercial breeds. However, Croatian cattle breeds possess resistance genes that are the result of local adaptations, which justifies the need for their conservation. These breeds have developed and adapted to various geographical regions of the Republic of Croatia, reflecting those conditions in their appearance and adaptability. In this research, the Illumina Bovine HD BeadChip (777 K) was used, and a total of 674 cattle were divided into 25 breeds. The key information contained in these SNPs was used in further analyses of genetic diversity and population structure. The aim of the study was to identify the genetic introgression within Croatian cattle breeds. The Slavonian-Syrmian Podolian was identified as a separate breed early in the analysis. Buša and the Istrian cattle frequently grouped together in principal component analyses and neighbor-net networks. Population structure analyses indicate high levels of admixture within the Buša breed, while somewhat lower levels were observed within the Istrian cattle. The Slavonian-Syrmian Podolian again stood out as distinct from all other breeds in the structure analyses. Analyzes of gene migration did not show gene flows between Croatian and local breeds, like Italian and commercial breeds. The results of this study highlight the genetic distinctiveness of Croatian cattle breeds compared to other breeds, confirming their unquestionable status. For more precise and reliable analysis, it is necessary to increase the sample size and include additional methods for identifying introgression
The use of GPS collars in hound dogs during driven hunt
No full textGPS ogrlice igraju ključnu ulogu tijekom prigonskog lova jer pružaju detaljne
informacije o kretanju psa, poboljšavaju sigurnost pasa i omogućuju bolju organizaciju
i učinkovitost tijekom lova. Cilj rada je bio pratiti i analizirati kretanje lovačkih pasa
goniča tijekom prigonskog lova na divlje svinje u sezoni 2023./2024. Istraživanje je
provedeno na području državnog otvorenog lovišta III/29 „Prolom“ u kojem je
prikupljeno 94 zapisa kretanja lovačkih pasa različitih pasmina. Zapisi su skinuti s GPS
ogrlica i analizirani pomoću programa Garmin BaseCamp i Qgis. Utvrđeno je da lovci
dnevno koriste u prosjeku dva psa tijekom lova, a najaktivniji psi spadaju u dobnu
kategoriju od tri do pet godina. U prosjeku su mužjaci kod svi istraživani pasmina
prelazili veću udaljenost (16,2 km) za razliku od ženki (15,9 km). Tijekom lova
zabilježeno je da su se psi zadržavali na dijelovima šuma i šikara tj. staništa s gustom
vegetacijom gdje divlja svinja bježi i tako značajno otežava pristup psima.GPS collars play a key role during hunting because they provide detailed
information about the dog's movements, improve dog safety and allow for better
organization and efficiency during the hunt, resulting in better efficiency. The aim of
the work is to monitor and analyze the movement of hound hunting dogs during the
hunt for wild boar in season 2023./2024. The research was conducted in the area of
the state open hunting ground III/29 "Prolom", where 94 records of the movement of
hunting dogs of different breeds were collected. Records from GPS collars were
downloaded and analyzed using Garmin BaseCamp and Qgis programs. It was found
that hunters use an average of two dogs per day during hunting, and the most active
dogs fall into the age category of three to five years. Looking at the overall average for
all investigated breeds, males covered a longer distance (16.2 km) than females (15.6
km). During the hunt, it was recorded that the dogs stayed in parts of forests and
thickets, i.e. habitats with dense vegetation where the wild boar escapes, thus making
it significantly more difficult for the dogs to access them
Chemical and mineral composition of "Paški sir" cheese
No full textPaški sir je ovčji sir zaštićen oznakom izvornosti. Proizvodi se na otoku Pagu isključivo od
mlijeka autohtone paške ovce. Mlijeko za proizvodnju Paškog sira može biti sirovo ili
pasterizirano, u koje se potom dodaje prirodno sirilo životinjskog podrijetla, a dozvoljeno je
korištenje i mikrobne kulture, lizozima i kalcijevog klorida. Iako je Paški sir najpoznatiji hrvatski
sir, dosadašnja istraživanja Paškog sira nisu bila usmjerena na određivanje sadržaja mineralnih
tvari. Njihovim utvrđivanjem može se dobiti bolji uvid u nutritivnu vrijednost Paškog sira s ciljem
dobivanja informacije o zadovoljenju dnevnih potreba organizma za pojedinim mineralnim
tvarima. Za potrebe istraživanja u 18 uzoraka Paškog sira određen je fizikalno-kemijski sastav
standardnim metodama te mineralni sastav metodom induktivne spregnute masene spektrometrije.
Tehnologija proizvodnje Paškog sira nije imala utjecaj na njegov kemijski i makromineralni sastav.
Prosječna ionometrijska kiselost (pH vrijednost sira) kao i sadržaj bakra razlikovali su se ovisno o
tehnologiji proizvodnje.„Paški sir“ cheese is a sheep cheese protected by a designation of origin (PDO). It is
produced on the island of Pag exclusively from the milk of the native Pag sheep. The milk for the
production of „Paški sir“ cheese can be raw or pasteurized, to which natural animal rennet is then
added, and the use of microbial cultures, lysozyme, and calcium chloride is also permitted.
Although „Paški sir“ cheese is the most famous Croatian cheese, previous research on „Paški sir“
cheese has not focused on determining the content of mineral substances. By determining them, a
better insight into the nutritional value of „Paški sir“ cheese can be obtained with the aim of
providing information on meeting the daily needs of the body for certain mineral substances. For
the purposes of research, the physicochemical composition of 18 samples of „Paški sir“ cheese was
determined by standard methods and the mineral composition by the method of inductively coupled
mass spectrometry. The technology of „Paški sir“ cheese production did not affect its chemical and
macromineral composition. The average ionometric acidity (pH value of the cheese) as well as the
copper content differed depending on the production technology