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Landscape values of the wide area of Ljubač bay as a basis for protection and development planning
No full textLjubački zaljev smješten je u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Zadarske županije, između otoka Paga i kopnenog dijela Zadarske županije. Prepoznatljiv je po svojim prirodnim, kulturnim i vizualnim krajobraznim kvalitetama. U Ljubačkom zaljevu smještena su naselja Ljubač i Rtina koji se suočavaju sa problemima depopulacije te sve intenzivnijih turističkih sezona i prateće izgradnje u području. Pretpostavlja se da vrijednosti krajobraza nisu u cijelosti prepoznate, a prostorno planska dokumentacija nije detaljno obradila i zaštitila prostor. Cilj je utvrditi posebne kvalitete područja kao i potencijalne degradacije koje mogu proizaći iz identificiranih trendova razvoja. Ljubački zaljev prostor je brojnih prirodnih, kulturnih i vizualnih kvaliteta krajobraza koje je potrebno očuvati. Provodi se analiza prostornih čimbenika u QGIS programu. Nakon toga provodi se modeliranje kvaliteta krajobraza programom ProVal 2000. Analizirane prostorne kvalitete stavljaju se u tri kategorije: prirodno-ekološke, društveno-kulturne i vizualno-doživljajne. Na kraju se dobije združeni model kvaliteta krajobraza koji pokazuje najprivlačnija područja. Zaključno su predložene smjernice zaštite, očuvanja i razvoja Ljubačkog zaljeva u cilju prevencije degradacije prostora te održavanja njegove prirodnosti i jedinstvenosti.Ljubač bay is located in the northwestern part of Zadar County, between the island of Pag and the mainland of Zadar County. It is recognizable for its natural, cultural and visual landscape qualities. The Ljubač bay is home to the settlements of Ljubač and Rtina, which are facing the problems of depopulation and increasingly intense tourist seasons and accompanying construction in the area. It is assumed that the values of the landscape have not been fully recognized, and the spatial planning documentation has not processed and protected the area in detail. The goal is to determine the special qualities of the area as well as the potential degradations that may result from the identified development trends. Ljubač bay is an area of numerous natural, cultural and visual landscape qualities that need to be preserved. An analysis of spatial factors is carried out in the QGIS program. After that, landscape quality modeling is carried out using the ProVal 2000 program. The analyzed spatial qualities are placed in three categories: natural-ecological, social-cultural and visual-experiential. In the end, a combined landscape quality model is obtained that shows the most attractive areas. In conclusion, the guidelines for the protection, preservation and development of the Ljubač bay are proposed to prevent the degradation of the area and maintain its naturalness and uniqueness
Fauna of spring pests of oil rape in the Veliki Bukovec
No full textUljana repica jedna je od najznačajnijih industrijskih kultura koje se uzgaja radi sjemena.
Preradbom sjemena dobiva se ulje koje se koristi u industrijske svrhe i za prehranu ljudi.
Tijekom cijele vegetacije uljane repice prisutni su različiti štetnici koji smanjuju prinos uljane
repice, stoga je potrebno pratiti njihovu pojavu i brojnost da se spriječe ekonomske štete.
Najvažnije štetne vrste uljane repice su proljetne pipe, repičin sjajnik, pipa komušarica i mušica
komušarica. U višemjesečnom istraživanju praćena je pojava štetnika žutim posudama.
Prilikom praćenja dinamike štetnika zabilježen je najveći broj jedinki vrste repičinog sjajnika i
proljetnih repičinih pipa.Oilseed rape is one of the most important industrial crops grown for seed. Oil is obtained by
processing the seeds, which is used for industrial purposes and for human consumption.
During the entire rapeseed vegetation, different pests are present that reduce the yield of
rapeseed, so it is necessary to monitor their appearance and abundance to prevent economic
damage. The most important harmful species of oilseed rape are the Ceutorhynchus
pallidactylus, Ceutorhynchus napi, Brassicogethes aeneus, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus and
Dasineura brassicae. Through months of research the appearance of pests was monitored
with yellow water traps. The highest number of pollen beetle and ste weevils were recorded
during vegetation period in spring
Variability of the bovine mitogenome
No full textCijeli mitogenom goveda kroz analizu haplotipova/haplogrupa pruža uvide u evoluciju, filogeografiju i genetičku raznolikost različitih pasmina. U ovom diplomskom radu analiziran je set novodostupnih mitogenoma u GenBank repozitoriju koji se sastojao od 670 sekvenci dužine 16338 parova baza zajedno s referentnim mitogenomom V00654 i 33 referenta mitogenoma kao predstavnike T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, I ,P, R, Q haplogrupa. Set je obuhvatio 77 pasmina raspoređenih kroz 22 države od čega su najzastupljenije Indija s 343, Kina s 271 i Mongolija s 27 jedinki. Identificirano je ukupno 1433 varijabilna mjesta od čega je 788 parsim informativnih i 645 singleton mjesta te je izračunat 481 haplotip uz visoku raznolikost haplotipova od 0.9966. Analiza p-distanci otkrila je veće razlike između određenih kineskih i indijskih pasmina, kao i između indijskih i europskih pasmina. Beast filogenetska analiza klasificirala je 334 mitogenoma u haplogrupu I1, 119 u I2 i 176 mitogenoma u T3 haplogrupu kao najfrekventnije, a filogeografska distribucija navedenih haplogrupa je pokazala da u Kini 110 mitogenoma pripada haplogrupi I1, 93 haplogrupi T3 i 11 hapogrupi I2, u Indiji 219 haplogrupi I1, 105 haplogrupi I2 i 17 haplogrupi T3 te u Mongoliji 12 mitogenoma haplogrupi T3, sedam haplogrupi T2, šest haplogrupo T4 i dva haplogrupi I1. Također, analizom velikog broja mitogenoma haplogrupe I u Beast filogenetskom stablu uočena je pojava četiri subhaplogrupe koje su odvojene s posteriori vjerojatnošću 0.95 što bi moglo predstavljati osnovu za reklasifikaciju I1 i I2 u više subhaplogrupa. Ista podjela I haplogrupe na četiri subhaplogrupe potvrđena je median-joining mrežom uz jasno odvajanje od ostalih haplogrupa. Rezultati MJ mreže i filogenetskog stabla ukazali su na značajnu razliku između haplogrupa I i T3, potvrđujući da su pasmine haplogrupe I potekle od Bos indicusa, dok su pasmine haplogrupe T3 potekle od Bos taurusa. Ova studija doprinos je razumijevanju genetičke raznolikosti i evolucijske povijesti goveda, posebno u kontekstu njihove filogeografske distribucije.The whole mitochondrial genome of cattle provides insights into the evolution, phylogeography and genetic diversity of different breeds. In this thesis, a newly available set of mitochondrial genomes from the GenBank repository consisting of 670 sequences with a length of 16,338 base pairs, together with the mitochondrial reference genome V00654 and 33 mitochondrial reference genomes representing the haplogroups T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, I, P, R and Q were analysed. The set comprised 77 breeds from 22 countries, with India being the most represented with 343 individuals, followed by China with 271 and Mongolia with 27 individuals. A total of 1,433 variable sites were identified, of which 788 were parsimony informative and 645 were singleton sites. A total of 481 haplotypes were calculated, with a high haplotype diversity of 0.9966. Analysis of p-distances revealed major differences between certain Chinese and Indian breeds and between Indian and European breeds. The BEAST phylogenetic analysis classified 334 mitochondrial genomes in haplogroup I1, 119 in I2 and 176 in haplogroup T3, which is the most common. The phylogeographic distribution of these haplogroups showed that in China 110 mitochondrial genomes belonged to haplogroup I1, 93 to haplogroup T3 and 11 to haplogroup I2; in India 219 to haplogroup I1, 105 to haplogroup I2 and 17 to haplogroup T3; and in Mongolia 12 mitochondrial genomes belonged to haplogroup T3, seven to haplogroup T2, six to haplogroup T4 and two to haplogroup I1. In addition, analysis of a large number of mitochondrial genomes of haplogroup I in the BEAST phylogenetic tree revealed the appearance of four subhaplogroups separated from each other with a posterior probability of 0.95, which could form the basis for the reclassification of I1 and I2 into multiple subhaplogroups. This division of haplogroup I into four subhaplogroups was also confirmed by a median-joining network, which shows a clear separation from other haplogroups. The results of the MJ network and the phylogenetic tree indicated a significant difference between haplogroups I and T3 and confirmed that the breeds of haplogroup I descended from Bos indicus, while the breeds of haplogroup T3 descended from Bos taurus. This study contributes to the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of cattle, especially in the context of their phylogeographic distribution
Application of carbonic maceration in production of Pušipel wine
No full textKarbonska maceracija je tehnologija proizvodnje laganijih, voćnih crnih vina koja se najviše koristi u francuskoj regiji Beaujolais. Specifičnost ovog istraživačkog rada je ta da je ova tehnologija primijenjena u proizvodnji bijelog vina. Cilj rada je utvrditi razlike u osnovnom fizikalno-kemijskom sastavu i pojedinačnim aromatskim spojevima vina dobivenog tehnologijom karbonske maceracije i standardnom tehnologijom vinifikacije za bijela vina. U istraživačkom radu je opisana tehnologija karbonske maceracije koja je provedena je zatvorenom tanku u atmosferi zasićenoj sa CO2. Obje tehnologija su primjenjene na grožđu sorte 'Moslavac' (syn. Pušipel). Rezultati dobiveni fizikalno – kemijskom analizom i senzornim ocjenjivanjem ukazuju na značajne razlike između vina dobivenog tehnologijom karbonske maceracije i klasične metode vinifikacije.Carbonic maceration is a technology used in production of lighter, fruity red wines that is mostly spread in the French region of Beaujolais. The specificity of this research work is that this technology was applied in the production of white wine. The aim of the work is to determine the differences in the basic physical-chemical composition and individual aromatic compounds of wine obtained by carbonic maceration technology and standard vinification technology for white wines. The research work describes the technology of carbonic maceration, which was carried out in a closed tank in an atmosphere saturated with CO2. Both technologies were applied to grapes of the 'Moslavac' variety (syn. Pušipel). The results obtained by physical-chemical analysis and sensory evaluation indicate significant differences between the wine obtained by carbonic maceration technology and the classic vinification method
Antibacterial properties of Capsicum chinese pepper extract on bacteria Erwinia amylovora and Escherichia coli
No full textBiljne bakterioze predstavljaju značajan globalni i ekonomski problem u uzgoju bilja. Posebno se ističe problem bakterioza na višegodišnjim kulturama, gdje je suzbijanje izrazito sloţeno i dugotrajno, te nerijetko veoma skupo. Najava ukidanja velikog broja sredstava na osnovi bakra, nameće potrebu pronalaska alternativnih sredstava za borbu protiv fitopatogenih bakterija, ali i kontaminirajućih bakterija u hrani. Tu su se posebno učinkovitima pokazali pojedini biljni spojevi (eterična ulja, fenoli, glikozidi...), uz to su ova sredstva ekološki prihvatljiva i često neškodljiva za ljude i ţivotinje. Obzirom da su poznata protuupalna, analgetska i antimikrobna svojstva ekstrakta chilli paprike Capsicum chinense, mnoga istraţivanja u veterini i medicini su se usredotočila na ispitivanje antimikrobnih svojstava ekstrakta i emulzije. Njihova primjena u suzbijanju fitopatogenih organizama, osobito fitopatogenih bakterija, je nedovoljno istraţena. U ovom radu istraţuje se potencijal ekstrakta i emulzije čistog kapsaicina, kao njegove glavne aktivne tvari, u suzbijanju fitopatogene bakterije Erwinia amylovora, ali i kontaminirajuće bakterije Escherichia coli u hrani. Provedenim istraţivanjem, došlo se do zaključka da ekstrakt i emulzija imaju antibakterijski učinak na E. amylovora, kao i na E. coli.Bacterial plant diseases represent a global and economic problem in plant production. Major problem is the control of bacterial diseases on perennial crops, where the disease control is quite complicated, long-lasting and expensive. Because of the announced ban of many copper based bactericides, food production industry is in the dire need for alternative bactericidal products. Many plant derivatives, like phenoles, essential oils and glycosides, showed their potential on this matter. One of the advantages of plant derivatives is their eco-friendliness, and their harmlessness for humans and animals, especially insects. It is known that chilli pepper C. chinense extract posesses analgetic, anti-inflamatory and antimicrobial properties. Therefore in the last few years many clinical researches were carried out to prove it's antimicrobial effect, while the research on the plant pathogenic bacteria are rare. Therefore this research focuses on chilli pepper extracts antimicrobial effect on plant pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, but also on a food contaminating bacterium Escherichia coli. Through the experimental part of the research, a conclusion was reached, that the extract, and the emulsion both showed antimicrobial properties against E. amylovora and E. coli
Chemical properties of anthropogenic soils on flysch in the olive groves of Kaštela bay
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi osnovna kemijska svojstva i sadržaj potencijalno
toksičnih elemenata (PTE) u tlima maslinika, te procijeniti onečišćenje tala. Terenski
dio istraživanja proveden je na području Kaštelanskog zaljeva u 30 maslinika. Na
svakoj lokaciji uzet je prosječni uzorak površinskog horizonta (0-30 cm)
antropogenog tla razvijenog na flišu. U prosječnim uzorcima antropogenih tala
maslinika na istraživanom području analizirane su sljedeće fizikalne i kemijske
značajke tla: mehanički sastav tla, reakcija tla, sadržaj ukupnih karbonata, aktivnog
vapna, humusa, fiziološki aktivnih fosfora i kalija te ukupne koncentracije PTE.
Istraživana tla su praškasto-ilovaste teksturne oznake. U svih 30 uzoraka tlo je
alkalne reakcije u rasponu od 7,17 do 7,72 u 1M KCl-u. Tla su jako karbonatna (31,6
– 65,9 %) s visokim sadržajem aktivnog vapna (14,0 – 25,0 %). Utvrđene količine
humusa od 1,55 do 3,65 % analizirana tla čine slabo humoznim. Prisutna je vrlo
slaba opskrbljenost fiziološki aktivnim fosforom, u rasponu od 0,29 do 13,40 mg
P2O5/100 g tla, te dobra opskrbljenost kalijem, u nešto širem rasponu od 8,4 do 66,0
mg K2O/100 g tla. Koncentracije arsena, bakra, olova i cinka (maksimalnih vrijednosti
8,8; 107,1; 27,0 i 95,7 mg/kg) ne prelaze njihove maksimalno dozvoljene
koncentracije u niti jednom uzorku, dok je onečišćenje niklom i kromom prisutno u
53,33 % uzoraka za nikal, te u 86,67 % uzoraka za krom. Dobiveni rezultati
posljedica su kombiniranog utjecaja heterogenosti fliša i različitih antropogenih
utjecaja (obrada, gnojidba, zaštita bilja).The research aimed to determine the basic chemical properties and the content of
potentially toxic elements (PTE) in olive grove soils and to evaluate soil pollution. The
field part of the research was conducted in the Kaštela Bay area in 30 olive groves.
At each location an average sample of the surface horizon (0-30 cm) of
anthropogenic soil on flysch was taken. The following physical and chemical soil
characteristics were analyzed in average samples of anthropogenic olive grove soils
in the research area: the particle size distribution of the soil, soil reaction, the content
of total carbonates, active lime, humus, physiologically active phosphorus and
potassium, and total concentrations of PTE. The studied soils have a silty-clay
texture. In all 30 samples, the soil has an alkaline reaction from 7.17 to 7.72 in 1M
KCl. The soils are highly calcareous (31.6 – 65.9%) with a high content of active lime
(14.0 – 25.0%). The established humus content was low (1.55 to 3.65%). There is a
very weak stock of physiologically active phosphorus, ranging from 0.29 to 13.40 mg
P2O5/100 g of soil, and a good stock of potassium, in a wide range of 8.4 to 66.0 mg
K2O/100 g of soil. The concentrations of As, Cu, Pb and Zn (maximum values of 8.8,
107.1, 27.0 and 95.7 mg/kg, respectively) do not exceed their maximum permissible
concentrations in any sample, while Ni and Cr contamination is present in 53.33%
and 86.67% of samples, respectively. Research results are mostly the result of flysch
as heterogeneous parent material and various anthropogenic influences (tillage,
fertilization, plant protection)
Index of mycoses and pseudomycoses on Croatian fruit species - etiology, horology and pathonymy
No full textVoćne vrste Hrvatske domaćini su velikom broju mikoza, od kojih je dosta zabilježeno i opisano u raznim vrstama radova, međutim do sada nije sastavljen njihov popis. Pretraživanjem knjiga hrvatskih autora i korištenjem baze podataka „Index Fungorum“ sastavljen je Indeks svih mikoza i pseudomikoza do sada zabilježenih u našoj zemlji, koji uključuje etiologiju (gljive uzročnike), horologiju (raširenost) i patonimiju (nazivlje), te njihovu sistematsku pripadnost, poredanih prema vrstama domaćinima. U radu je opisano 229 mikoza na 29 voćnih vrsta, od kojih je najviše mikoza na vinovoj lozi (19), agrumima (14) i trešnji i višnji (14), a najmanje na šipku (1), dudu (2) i žižuli (3). Glavni problem se očituje u tome da za većinu uzročnika bolesti postoji veliki broj sinonima. Stoga, ovaj rad teži povećanju dostupnosti preciznih informacija među stručnjacima, proizvođačima, te općenito agronomima koji se susreću sa različitim nazivima bolesti koji su se neprestano mijenjali tijekom godina.The fruit species of Croatia host a large number of mycoses, many of which have been recorded and described in various types of works, but their list has not been compiled so far. By searching books by Croatian authors and using the "Index Fungorum" database, an Index of all mycoses and pseudomycoses recorded so far in our country was compiled, which includes etiology (causal fungi), horology (distribution) and the pathonymy (name), as well as their systematic affiliation, ordered according to host species. The paper describes 229 mycoses on 29 fruit species, of which the most mycoses are on grapevines (19), citrus fruits (14) and cherries (14), and the least on rose hips (1), mulberries (2) and jujube (3). The main problem is manifested in the fact that there are a large number of synonyms for most of the phytopathogens of the disease. Therefore, this work aims to increase the availability of precise information among experts, producers, and, in general, agronomists who encounter different disease names that have constantly changed over the years
The impact of zoos on people's awareness about preservation of biodiversity of Croatia
No full textBioraznolikost je sveukupnost svih živućih organizama koji su sastavni dijelovi različitih ekosustava. Republika Hrvatska se smatra jednom od najbogatijih zemalja u Europi po bogatstvu bioraznolikosti. Na bioraznolikost u Republici Hrvatskoj utječu različiti faktori poput ljudske aktivnosti koja uključuje prenamjene životinjskih staništa i različite vrste zagađenja te invazivne vrste koje imaju veliki utjecaj na autohtone životinjske vrste. Provedena je anketa pod naslovom ''Utjecaj zooloških vrtova na bioraznolikost u Republici Hrvatskoj'' u trajanju od 90 dana u kojoj je sudjelovalo 233 ispitanika iz cijele Hrvatske. Anketa je sadržavala 31 pitanje, a cilj joj je bio utvrditi stupanj djelovanja zooloških vrtova na svijest ljudi naspram ugroženih i invazivnih životinjskih vrsta koje su sastavni dio bioraznolikosti. Zoološki vrtovi provode mnogobrojne edukacije i radionice kako bi pobliže ukazali probleme vezane za bioraznolikost. Mogućnost poboljšanja uvjeta u zoološkim vrtovima postoji kao i poboljšanje edukacije građanstva radi što boljeg očuvanja bioraznolikosti u Republici Hrvatskoj.Biodiversity includes all living organisms that are parts of different ecosystems. Croatia is considered one of the richest countries in Europe in terms of biodiversity. Things that affect biodiversity are human activities which includes conversion of animal habitats, pollution and invasive species that have major impact on native species. For 90 days a survey called ''The impact of Zoos on biodiversity in Croatia'' was contucted. 233 people from different parts of Croatia participated. There were 31 questions and the goal was to determine how much do Zoos in Croatia impact awareness of people on endangered and invasive species that are part of biodiversity. Zoos do lots of educations for people to understand better the real situation and problems with biodiversity. The possibility of improving conditions in zoos exists same as improving the education of people for better preservation of biodiversity in Croatia
Estimation of the agronomic properties of fiber flax after top dressing with zink microcapsules
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu provedena su istraživanja prihrane mikrokapsula s cinkom na agronomska svojstva predivog lana. Pokus je postavljen na Pokušalištu Maksimir Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Agronomskog fakulteta tijekom 2021. godine. Korištena je metoda slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja i pet različitih varijanti prihrane. Posijana je sorta lana Agatha, a varijante su strukturirane na ovaj način: 1. varijanta kontrola bez mikrokapsula, 2. varijanta mikrokapsule s 0,25 mol/L Zn, 3. varijanta mikrokapsule 0,25 mol/L Zn i 1% kitozana, 4. varijanta mikrokapsule 0,5 mol/L Zn i 5. varijanta mikrokapsule 0,5 mol/L Zn i 1% kitozana. Na osnovi provedene analize varijance utvrđena je signifikantna razlika samo za prinos ukupnog vlakna predivog lana kod 2. varijante. Najveći prinos stabljike prije močenja, prinos i postotak ukupnog vlakna, te prinos i postotak dugog vlakna imala je 2. varijanta s 0,25 mol/L Zn.In this master’s thesis, the investigations of top dressing with zinc microcapsules was carried out on the agronomic properties of fiber flax. The experiment was set up at the experimental field Maksimir of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, during 2021. The experiment was set up according to the RCBD in four replications and five different variants. The fiber flax variety Agatha was sown, and the variants were structured in this way: variant 1. control without the addition of microcapsules; variant 2. microcapsules with 0.25 mol/L Zn; variant 3. microcapsules with 0.25 mol/L Zn and 1% chitosan; variant 4. microcapsules with 0.5 mol/L Zn; and variant 5. microcapsules with 0.5 mol/L Zn and 1% chitosan. Based on the analysis of variance, a significant difference was determined only for the total fiber yield in the 2. variant. The highest yield before retting, yield and content of total fiber and yield and content of long fiber were achieved in the 2. variant top dressing with 0.25 mol/l Zn
Development of viticulture and winemaking on the island of Korčula
No full textVinogradarstvo na otoku Korčuli ima dugu tradiciju koja seže od antičke Grčke i Rimskog
Carstva do suvremenog doba. Unatoč povijesnim promjenama vlasti i brojnim izazovima
poput bolesti, štetnika i političkih prepreka, vinogradarstvo je na Korčuli opstalo i
napredovalo. Danas je otok poznat po autohtonim sortama vinove loze, s naglaskom na bijele
sorte, posebno Pošip bijeli, koji zauzima više od 50% vinograda. Zbog toga je Korčula
prepoznata kao “crni otok bijelih vina“. Izvrsni klimatski uvjeti i specifične mikroklime
omogućuju proizvodnju vrhunskih vina koja pridonose prepoznatljivosti otoka na vinskoj
karti Hrvatske. Korčula time nastavlja svoju bogatu vinsku tradiciju koja je duboko
ukorijenjena u životu lokalnog stanovništva.Viticulture on the island of Korčula has a long tradition, dating back to ancient Greece and the
Roman Empire, continuing through to the modern era. Despite historical changes in
governance and numerous challenges such as diseases, pests, and political obstacles,
viticulture on Korčula has persisted and flourished. Today, the island is known for its
indigenous grape varieties, particularly white grapes, with Pošip bijeli accounting for over
50% of the vineyards. Hence, Korčula is recognized as the "black island of white wines".
Excellent climatic conditions and specific microclimates allow for the production of topquality
wines, contributing to the island's recognition on the wine map of Croatia. Korčula
thus continues its rich winemaking tradition, deeply rooted in the lives of its local inhabitants