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Poppy seed cultivation for use in human nutrition
No full textCilj ovoga završnog rada je bio opisati tehnologiju proizvodnje maka kojom se osiguravaju povoljni uvjeti za postizanje visokih prinosa sjemena namijenjenih za upotrebu u ljudskoj prehrani, a koja je istovremeno usklađena s preporukom Europske unije za primjenu dobre prakse kojom se sprječava i smanjuje prisutnost alkaloida opijuma u sjemenu i njegovim proizvodima. Sjeme maka izrazito je bogato uljem koje sadrži vrlo visok udio polinezasićenih masnih kiselina. Upravo zbog jedinstvenog nutritivnog sastava sjemena mak koristi nalazi svoju primjenu u ljudskoj prehrani. Međutim zbog alkaloida prisutnih u slami uzgoj maka strogo se regulira te zahtjeva specifične mjere u uzgoju za sjeme i uljekako ne bi došlo do kontaminacije sjemena alkaloidima. U proizvodnji je stoga potrebno posvetiti posebnu pozornost izboru sorte, zaštiti usjeva od bolesti i štetočina koje doprinose kontaminaciji sjemena, podešenju kombajna u žetvi te nakon žetve čišćenju i obradi sjemena.This final work aimed to describe the poppy seed production technology that ensures favourable conditions for obtaining high yields for human consumption, which is at the same time in line with the European Union's recommendations for good practices to prevent and reduce the presence of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and its products. Poppy seeds are rich in oil and have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is precisely because of the unique nutritional composition of poppy seeds that they are used in human nutrition. However, due to the alkaloids contained in the straw, poppy cultivation is strictly regulated, and specific measures are required in the cultivation to avoid contamination of the seeds with alkaloids. During production, it is, therefore, necessary to pay particular attention to the selection of the variety, the protection of crops against diseases and pests that contribute to seed contamination, the adjustment of the harvesting machine during harvesting and the cleaning and processing of the seed after harvesting
Medicinal plants of the island of Brač
No full textOvaj rad napisan je u svrhu istraživanja, pojašnjenja i moderniziranja upotrebe
ljekovitog bilja na otoku Braču. U radu je obrađen Brač i njegove geološke, klimatske
i vegetacijske karakteristike, također je obrađeno i 30 vrsta najčešće korištenih
ljekovitih biljaka, razgovorom s lokalnim stanovništvom otkriveno je kako se znanje
prenosilo između generacija i kako se koristilo navedeno bilje. Detaljno je obrađeno 5
najbitnijih vrsta kao i njihova morfologija i upotreba. Zaključeno je da korištenje
ljekovitog bilja u blagotvorne svrhe na Braču i dalje aktivno točnije da se ponovo
vraća u svakodnevni život sve više.This study aims to investigate, elucidate and modernize the use of medicinal plants on
the island of Brač. The research encompasses Brač’s geological, climatic and
vegetational characteristics. It also delves into 30 of the most commonly used
medicinal plants, uncovering how knowledge has been passed down through
generations and how these plants were and are utilised. Five of the most significant
species are examined in detail, including their morphology and applications. The
study concludes that the beneficial use of medicinal plants on Brač is still active, and
indeed is increasingly reintegrating into daily life
Use of new technologies in carcass cutting systems
No full textMesna industrija ima ključnu ulogu u svakoj zemlji, ne samo u ekonomskom smislu, već i u osiguravanju prehrambenih potreba stanovništva. Dolaskom industrijske revolucije dolazi do ubrzanja i povećanja obujma same obrade trupova i prerade mesa. Globalni rast proizvodnje stvorio je potrebu za sve bržim i efikasnijim načinima obrade trupova. Nedavno su mnoge klaonice počele uvoditi automatizaciju kako bi se prevladala nedostatna ljudska radna snaga, poboljšala učinkovitost procesa klanja i standardizirala kvaliteta mesa. Ovisno o vrsti stoke koju se kolje, mogu se koristiti razni instrumenti za obradu i senzorske tehnologije, no cjelokupni standardizirani procesni dizajn za tzv. „pametnu“ klaonicu tek treba biti uspostavljen. Klaonice postaju sve više industrijalizirane, koristeći prikupljanje podataka i analize za poticanje rasta i povećanje proizvodnje. Stoga je automatizacija klaonice ključna za zadovoljavanje proizvodnih potreba, a optimizirani dizajn prikladan za veličinu svake tvrtke potreban je kako bi se maksimalno iskoristila ekonomska oprema i sustavi. U radu će biti opisana oprema i robotska tehnologija koja se koristi u klaonicama za rasijecanje trupova.The meat industry has a crucial role in every country, not only in economic terms but also in meeting the population's nutritional needs. With the advent of the industrial revolution, the pace and volume of carcass processing and meat production have accelerated and increased. The global growth in production has created a need for faster and more efficient methods of carcass processing. Recently, many slaughterhouses have begun implementing automation and sensor-based quality evaluation equipment on processing lines to overcome the shortage of human labor, improve the efficiency of the slaughtering process, and standardize meat quality. Depending on the type of livestock being slaughtered, various processing instruments and sensor technologies can be used; however, a comprehensive standardized process design for a so-called "smart" slaughterhouse has yet to be established. Slaughterhouses are becoming increasingly industrialized, utilizing data collection and analysis to drive growth and increase production. Therefore, slaughterhouse automation is essential to meet production needs, and an optimized design suitable for each company's size is necessary to maximize the use of economic equipment and systems. This work will describe the equipment and robotic technology used in slaughterhouses
Invasive potential of ornamental alien plant species
No full textHortikultura je grana poljoprivrede koja se bavi uzgojem voća, povrća, cvijeća i ukrasnog bilja. Jedan segment hortikulture je ukrasna hortikultura, koja se bavi uzgojem i održavanjem ukrasnih biljnih vrsta. Cilj rada je provesti inventarizaciju asortimana ukrasnog biljnog materijala odabranog vrtnog centra te pregledom recentne literature utvrditi njihov invazivni potencijal. Invazivne biljne vrste su one vrste koje su namjerno ili slučajno unesene na područje koje nije njihovo prirodno stanište. Fokus istraživanja je bio na vrtnom centru, rasadniku „Stella Floris“, koji se nalazi na području grada Čakovca. U radu su detaljno analizirane i prikazane sve biljne vrste koje postoje u ponudi vrtnog centra, te su posebno izdvojene one ukrasne vrste koje imaju invazivni potencijal. Rasadnik "Stella Floris" na preko 7500 m2 ima ukupno 264 biljnih svojti u ponudi. Najzastupljenije su biljne svojte iz porodice Pinaceae (36 svojti), te porodice Cupressaceae (35 biljnih svojti). U rasadniku ima nekoliko vrsta koje imaju invazivni potencijal: Berberis thunbergii DC, Robinia pseudoacacia L, Acer negundo L, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. i Buddleja davidii Franch.Horticulture is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants. One segment of horticulture is ornamental horticulture, which deals with the cultivation and maintenance of ornamental plant species. The aim of the work is to carry out an inventory of the assortment of ornamental plant material of the selected garden center and to determine their invasive potential by reviewing the recent literature. Invasive plant species are those species that have been intentionally or accidentally introduced into an area that is not their natural habitat. The focus of the research was on the garden center, the "Stella Floris" nursery, which is located in the area of the city of Čakovec. In the paper, all the plant species that exist in the offer of the garden center are analyzed and presented in detail, and those ornamental species that have invasive potential are especially singled out. The nursery "Stella Floris" has a total of 264 plant taxa on offer on over 7,500 m2. The most represented plant taxa are from the Pinaceae family (36 taxa) and the Cupressaceae family (35 plant taxa). There are several invasive species in the nursery: Berberis thunbergii DC, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Acer negundo L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. and Buddleja davidii Franch
Solar panels on water surfaces
No full textSolarna energija predstavlja jedan od glavnih izvora obnovljive energije. Potencijal proizvodnje električne energije putem solarnih panela predmet je brojnih istraživanja. Ovaj rad daje pregled istraživanja solarnih panela na vodenim površinama te njihove prednosti i nedostatke u odnosu na kopnene solarne sustave. Obrađuje se i utjecaj solarnih panela na vodeni okoliš te njihov potencijal u budućnosti. Paneli postižu najveće vrijednosti proizvodnje kad su u doticaju s vodom radi efekta hlađenja. Također, blizina vode doprinosi dugovječnosti rada panela. Hibridni sustavi mogu pozitivno utjecati i na prirast ribe. Solarni paneli pružaju sjenu na površini vode što štiti uzgajane životinjske vrste od temperaturnih ekstrema i drugih okolišnih stresova. Suradnja između istraživača, poljoprivrednika i kreatora politike može pomoći u razvoju prilagođenih rješenja, kako za svjetski tako i hrvatski kontekst razvoja plutajućih solarnih panela koja maksimiziraju dobrobit proizvodnje obnovljive energije uz osiguranje sigurnosti hrane i vode. Tehnička izvodljivost postavljanja solarnih panela na vodene površine je već dokazana, ali i dalje nedostaju specifična istraživanja o direktnom doticaju vode s pontonskim strukturama i solarnim panelima, kao i o njihovoj mogućoj povezanosti s akvakulturom.Solar energy is one of the main sources of renewable energy. The potential for electricity production through solar panels has been the subject of numerous studies. This paper provides an overview of research on solar panels installed on water surfaces, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages compared to land-based solar systems. It also examines the impact of solar panels on aquatic environments and their future potential. Panels achieve the highest production values when in contact with water due to the cooling effect. Additionally, proximity to water contributes to the longevity of panel operation. Hybrid systems can also positively impact fish growth. Solar panels provide shade on the water surface, which protects cultivated species from temperature extremes and other environmental stresses. Collaboration between researchers, farmers and policy makers can help develop tailored solutions, both for the global and Croatian context of developing floating solar panels that maximize the benefits of renewable energy production while ensuring food and water security. The technical feasibility of placing solar panels on water surfaces has already been proven. However, there is still a lack of specific research on the direct contact of water with pontoon structures and solar panels, as well as their possible connection with aquaculture
Conservation soil tillage systems in the function of increasing the efficiency of arable crops production
No full textKonzervacijski sustavi obrade tla predstavljaju ključne pristupe u modernoj poljoprivredi koji omogućuju održivo povećanje učinkovitosti ratarske proizvodnje. Ovaj završni rad istražuje različite konzervacijske metode, uključujući minimalnu obradu tla te njezine tipove obrade tla, direktnu sjetvu i primjenu pokrovnih usjeva. Korištenje konzervacijskih metoda omogućuje očuvanje i poboljšanje strukture tla, povećanje biološke raznolikosti, smanjenje erozije te bolju akumulaciju vode i hranjivih tvari. Detaljno su analizirane prednosti i izazovi korištenja ovih metoda, kao i njihov utjecaj na prinose i ekonomsku održivost poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Rad također uključuje studije slučaja iz različitih regija koje demonstriraju uspješne primjene konzervacijskih metoda u praksi. Kroz sveobuhvatan pregled literature i praktične primjene, ovaj rad nudi uvid u mogućnosti i perspektive konzervacijske obrade tla kao temelj za održivu i efikasnu ratarsku proizvodnju.Conservation soil tillage systems represent key approaches in modern agriculture that enable a sustainable increase in the efficiency of field production. This thesis explores various conservation methods, including minimum tillage, no-tillage, and cover cropping. The use of conservation methods allows preserving and improving soil structure, increasing biological diversity, reducing erosion, and optimizing the use of water and nutrients. The advantages and challenges of implementing these methods, as well as their impact on yields and the economic sustainability of agricultural production, were analyzed in detail. The paper also includes case studies from different regions that demonstrate successful applications of conservation methods in practice. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and practical examples, this paper offers an insight into the possibilities and perspectives of conservation tillage as a basis for sustainable and efficient agricultural production
Influence of 1 kHz sound on plant growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in basil
No full textBiljke percipiraju zvuk kao mehanički podražaj koji utječe na promjene u metabolizmu stanice. Dosadašnjim istraživanjima utvrđeno je da zvučni podražaji mogu utjecati na stopu klijanja i povećati rast i razvoj biljaka, tolerantnost biljaka na sušu. Međutim izlaganje biljaka umjetnom zvuku različitih frekvencija može imati i štetne učinke na metabolizam stanice. Stoga je vrlo važno utvrditi koje frekvencije zvuka utječu pozitivno, a koje negativno na rast i razvoj biljaka.. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi utjecaj zvuka od 1000 Hz na rast biljke i aktivnost antioksidacijskih enzima (peroksidaze i superoksid - dismutaze) kod bosiljka. Dobiveni rezultati utvrđuju negativan utjecaj zvuka frekvencije 1000 Hz na duljinu biljke i lisnu površinu, kao i na masu svježe tvari. Tretman zvukom također je utjecao na smanjenje sadržaja ukupnih proteina u listu bosiljka te na pojačanu aktivnost enzima peroksidaze i superoksid – dismutaze.Plants perceive sound as a mechanical stimulus that affects changes in the metabolism of the cell. Previous research has shown that sound stimuli can affect the germination rate and increase plant growth and development, plant tolerance to drought. However, exposing the plants to artificial sound of different frequencies can also have adverse effects on the metabolism of the cell. Therefore, it is very important to determine which sound frequencies have a positive, and which have a negative effect on the growth and development of plants. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 1000 Hz sound on plant growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide - dismutase) in basil. The obtained results establish the negative influence of sound with a frequency of 1000 Hz on the length of the plant and leaf surface, as well as on the fresh weight of plant. Sound treatment also reduced total protein content in the leaf of the basil and increased the activity of the enzymes peroxidase and superoxide – dismutase
The impact of feeding grains and complete feeds on horse's health
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu analiziran je utjecaj hranidbe žitaricama i potpunim krmnim smjesama na zdravlje konja. Žitarice poput zobi, kukuruza i ječma često se koriste kao osnovni izvor energije za konje, no njihova nepravilna uporaba može uzrokovati ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme, uključujući metaboličke poremećaje poput laminitisa, kolika i konjičkoga metaboličkoga sindroma (EMS). Rad također detaljno opisuje nutritivne vrijednosti žitarica te kako prekomjeran unos škroba može narušiti ravnotežu probavnog sustava konja. Posebna pažnja posvećena je potpunim krmnim smjesama koje se koriste za konje s posebnim prehrambenim potrebama. U zaključku, predložene su preporuke za optimalnu hranidbu kako bi se izbjegle bolesti uzrokovane nepravilnom hranidbom.This master’s thesis analyzes the impact of feeding grains and complete feeds on horse health. Grains such as oats, corn, and barley are often used as primary energy sources for horses, but improper use can lead to serious health issues, including metabolic disorders like laminitis, colic, and Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). The thesis also details the nutritional values of grains and how excessive starch intake can disrupt the horse’s digestive balance. Special attention is given to complete feeds designed for horses with specific dietary needs. The conclusion offers recommendations for optimal feeding practices to prevent diseases related to improper nutrition
Comparison of foreign trade of milk and dairy products between Croatia and Serbia
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je usporediti mliječni sektor te vanjskotrgovinsku razmjenu mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda Hrvatske i Srbije. Rad opisuje ulogu mljekarstva u navedenim državama prikazom udjela zaposlenosti i prihodovnosti mljekarskog sektora u ukupnom gospodarstvu. U radu su opisane najznačajnije kompanije koje se bave proizvodnjom, preradom i distribucijom mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. U ocjeni učinkovitosti vanjskotrgovinske razmjene izračunati su pokazatelji vanjskotrgovinske konkurentnosti - pokrivenost uvoza izvozom, Balassa indeks i RUV pokazatelj. Obje države odlikuju negativni trendovi kada je riječ o proizvodnji i preradi mlijeka. Rezultati analize vanjskotrgovinske razmjene ukazuju na kontinuirano povećanje uvoza i smanjenje izvoza mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda u razdoblju od 2013. do 2023. kod obje države. Mljekarstvo Srbije ostvaruje veću pokrivenost uvoza izvozom u odnosu na Hrvatsku, ali je Balassa indeksom utvrđena komparativna prednost Hrvatske u odnosu na Srbiju. Tijekom promatranog razdoblja (2013.-2023.) Hrvatska ima viši RUV pokazatelj od Srbije, posebice u 2023. godini, što ukazuje na veću kvalitetu hrvatskih mliječnih izvoznih proizvoda.The aim of this paper was to compare the dairy sector and the foreign trade exchange of milk and dairy products between Croatia and Serbia. The paper describes the role of the dairy industry in the mentioned countries by showing the share of employment and profitability of the dairy sector in the overall economy. The paper describes the main companies involved in the production, processing and distribution of milk and dairy products in Croatia and Serbia. When assessing the efficiency of foreign trade exchange, indicators of competitiveness of foreign trade were calculated - coverage of imports by exports, the Balassa index and the RUV indicator. Both countries are characterized by negative trends in milk production and processing. The results of the foreign trade analysis indicate a continuous increase in imports and a decrease in exports of milk and dairy products in the period from 2013 to 2023 in both countries. The Serbian dairy industry achieves greater coverage of imports and exports compared to Croatia, but the Balassa index has established Croatia's comparative advantage over Serbia. During the observed period (2013-2023), Croatia has a higher RUV indicator than Serbia, especially in 2023, which indicates a higher quality of Croatian dairy export products
Attitudes and preferences of students towards alternative dairy products
No full textAlternativni biljni oblici mlijeka su proizvodi biljnog podrijetla koji okusom, gustoćom i
ostalim obilježjima podsjećaju na mlijeka životinjskog podrijetla. Ovi proizvodi se u novije
doba sve više spominju kao zamjena životinjskom mlijeku u ljudskoj prehrani, bilo to zbog
zdravstvenih razloga, moralnih razloga, životnog stila, prehrambenih navika ili jednostavno
zbog preferencija u okusu i drugim komponentama proizvoda. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi
stavove i preferencije studenata prema alternativnim biljnim oblicima mlijeka. U svrhu
istraživanja provedena je online anketa u kojoj je sudjelovalo 100 ispitanika. Rezultati ankete
pokazuju da ispitanici od svih oblika alternativnih biljnih oblika mlijeka najčešće konzumiraju
kokosovo i bademovo mlijeko. Većina ispitanika nema naviku svakodnevnog konzumiranja
ovih proizvoda, već ih većina konzumira nekoliko puta godišnje. Ispitanici najčešće
konzumiraju alternativne biljne oblike mlijeka samostalno ili kao dodatak kavi. Pri odabiru
proizvoda, ispitanicima su najbitniji okus i cijena proizvoda, a najmanje im je bitna ambalaža
te izgled pakiranja. Ispitanici se najviše slažu s tezama da su alternativni biljni oblici mlijeka
skuplji od životinjskog mlijeka, ali i da su lakše probavljivi te da imaju nižu kalorijsku
vrijednost. Najmanje se slažu s tezama da su alternativni biljni oblici mlijeka kvalitetniji od
životinjskog mlijeka te da je njihova konzumacija moralno ispravnija od konzumacije
životinjskog mlijeka.Plant-based milk alternatives are products of plant origin that resemble animal milk in taste,
density and other characteristics. In recent times, these products have been increasingly
mentioned as a substitute for animal milk in human nutrition, be it for health reasons, moral
reasons, lifestyle choices, eating habits or simply because of preferences in taste and other
components of these products. The aim of the research was to determine attitudes and
preferences of students towards plant-based milk alternatives. For the purpose of the
research, an online survey was conducted among 100 participants. The results of the survey
show that respondents, among all types of plant-based milk alternatives, most commonly
consume coconut and almond milk. Most of the respondents do not have a habit of
consuming these products daily, but instead most of them consume these products several
times per year. Respondents usually consume plant-based milk alternatives on their own or
as an addition to coffee. When choosing a product, the taste and price of the product are the
most important aspects to the respondents, while the packaging and the design of packaging
are the least important aspects to the respondents. Respondents mostly agree with the
theses that plant-based milk alternatives are more expensive than animal milk, but also that
they are easier to digest and that they have a lower caloric value than animal milk.
Respondents agree the least with the theses that plant-based milk alternatives are of higher
quality than animal milk and that their consumption is more morally correct than
consumption of animal milk