Repository Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb
Not a member yet
3827 research outputs found
Sort by
Fauna of the familiy Lampyridae in Europe
No full textLampyridae (krijesnice) su kukci iz reda Coleoptera s velikim brojem vrsta koje se razlikuju po morfologiji, ekologiji i biologiji. Pregledom dostupne literature analizirana je i opisana njihova morfologija, biologija, ekologija te rasprostranjenost u Europi. Krijesnice su prepoznatljive po svojoj bioluminescenciji, koja se javlja u specifičnim segmentima njihovih tijela. Ova svjetlost nastaje kemijskom reakcijom u organima za svjetlost (fotoforima). Osim toga, razlikuju se po veličini, obliku tijela i bojama, što može varirati između vrsta. Životni ciklus krijesnica uključuje četiri glavne faze: jaje, ličinka, kukuljica i odrasli oblik. Ličinke krijesnica su predatori, uglavnom se hraneći mekušcima poput puževa, što ih čini važnim regulatorima tih populacija u ekosustavu. Odrasle krijesnice većinom koriste svoju bioluminescenciju za privlačenje partnera tijekom parenja. Krijesnice preferiraju vlažna i šumska staništa, često se nalaze u blizini vodenih tijela gdje je prisutna visoka vlažnost. Njihova prisutnost često ukazuje na zdrava i očuvana staništa. U Europi, najveća raznolikost krijesnica može se naći u mediteranskom području. Međutim, njihov broj je u opadanju zbog urbanizacije i promjena u korištenju zemljišta. Znanstvena istraživanja o krijesnicama u Europi su oskudna, posebno o njihovim ličinačkim stadijima, što otežava učinkovito očuvanje tih vrsta. Populacije krijesnica smanjuju se zbog djelovanja čovjeka, uključujući uništavanje prirodnih staništa, korištenje pesticida i svjetlosno zagađenje. Urbanizacija i promjene u korištenju zemljišta dodatno smanjuju njihove populacije, što zahtijeva hitne konzervacijske mjere. Naglasak ovog završnog rada je očuvanje krijesnica putem informiranja javnosti i zaštite prirodnih staništa. Edukacija i kampanje podizanja svijesti ključne su za poticanje očuvanja staništa i podržavanje ekoloških inicijativa. Krijesnice su ne samo fascinantne zbog svoje bioluminescencije, već i kao važni pokazatelji zdravlja ekosustava. Kombinacija znanstvenih istraživanja, edukacije javnosti i praktičnih mjera za zaštitu staništa ključna je za očuvanje krijesnica. Korištenje IUCN-ove Crvene liste, prikupljanje podataka, zaštita ugroženih vrsta i njihovih staništa, obnova degradiranih staništa te zakonska zaštita bitni su koraci u očuvanju ovih kukaca. Samo zajedničkim naporima istraživača, tehnologa, političara i javnosti možemo osigurati očuvanje krijesnica i održavanje bioraznolikosti.Lampyridae (fireflies) are beetles from the order Coleoptera with a large number of species that vary in morphology, ecology, and biology. A review of the available literature analyzed and described their morphology, biology, ecology, and distribution in Europe. Fireflies are recognizable by their bioluminescence, which occurs in specific segments of their bodies. This light is produced through a chemical reaction in light organs (photophores). Additionally, they vary in size, body shape, and color, which can differ between species. The life cycle of fireflies includes four main stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Firefly larvae are predators, primarily feeding on mollusks like snails, making them important regulators of these populations in ecosystems. Adult fireflies mainly use their bioluminescence to attract mates during mating. Fireflies prefer moist and forested habitats, often found near water bodies where humidity is high. Their presence often indicates healthy and preserved habitats. In Europe, the greatest diversity of fireflies can be found in the Mediterranean region. However, their numbers are declining due to urbanization and changes in land use. Scientific research on fireflies in Europe is scarce, particularly on their larval stages, making effective conservation of these species challenging. Firefly populations are decreasing due to human activities, including habitat destruction, pesticide use, and light pollution. Urbanization and changes in land use further reduce their populations, necessitating urgent conservation measures. The emphasis of this study is on the conservation of fireflies through public awareness and the protection of natural habitats. Education and awareness campaigns are crucial for promoting habitat conservation and supporting ecological initiatives. Fireflies are not only fascinating because of their bioluminescence but also serve as important indicators of ecosystem health. Their conservation requires a combination of scientific research, public education, and practical measures to protect their habitats. Using the IUCN Red List, data collection, protection of endangered species and their habitats, restoration of degraded habitats, and legal protection are essential steps in conserving these insects. Only through the joint efforts of researchers, technologists, policymakers, and the public can we ensure the preservation of fireflies and the maintenance of biodiversity
Different methods of drying eggs for the needs of the confectionery industry
No full textSvježa cijela jaja, zbog svoje nepraktičnosti u primjeni i brzog kvarenja, nisu pogodna sirovina za proizvodnju konditorskih proizvoda. Kako bi se olakšala primjena jaja u konditorskoj industriji, a da se pritom ne izgube njihova nutritivna i funkcionalna svojstva, primjenjuje se obrada sušenjem. Svježa jaja se različitim metodama sušenja pretvaraju u prah koji je zbog značajnog produljenja roka trajanja, mogućnosti lake primjene i skladištenja te očuvanja hranjivih i funkcionalnih svojstava izuzetno zahvalna sirovina za korištenje u konditorskoj industriji.Fresh whole eggs, due to their impracticality in application and rapid spoilage, are not suitable raw materials for the production of confectionery products. In order to facilitate the use of eggs in the confectionery industry, without losing their nutritional and functional properties, drying processing is applied. Fresh eggs are turned into a powder using different drying methods, which, due to the significant extension of the shelf life, the possibility of easy application and storage, and the preservation of nutritional and functional properties, is an extremely useful raw material for use in the confectionery industry
Evaluation of grapevine microcuttings growth in tissue culture
No full textVinova loza jedna je od ključnih gospodarskih kultura u Hrvatskoj. Zbog izraženihklimatskih promjena i fragmentiranog teritorija, očuvanje i preživljavanje autohtonihhrvatskih sorti postaje sve teži zadatak. Korištenje tehnika kulture biljnog tkiva pružilojebrže, učinkovitije i kvalitetnije rješenje za očuvanje takvih sorti i drugih ugroženih biljnihvrsta. Materijal prikupljen u obliku reznica za pet sorti (Škrlet, Malvasija Dubrovačka, Pavičić, Graševina, Belina starohrvatska), s pokušališta „Jazbina“, osigurao je dovoljne količinezaistraživanje razvoja biljnih kultura in vitro na tri hranjive podloge (MS, CP i WPM), primjenommetode nodijskih segmenata. Promatrani parametri uključivali su uspješnost kulture, prosječnu visinu biljaka i broj nodija. Ukupna uspješnost kulture od 77%, najveća prosječnavisina biljaka od 3.25 cm za sortu Škrlet i prosječan broj nodija od 3 kod svih uzorakabiljaka, pokazao je da je kultura biljnog tkiva uspjela i da je to ključno za očuvanje i revitalizacijuugroženih hrvatskih sorti vinove loze.The grapevine is one of the key agricultural crops in Croatia. Due to pronouncedclimate change and a fragmented territory, the preservation and survival of indigenousCroatian varieties is becoming an increasing difficult task. The use of plant tissueculturetechniques has provided a faster, more efficient, and higher-quality solutionfor thepreservation of such varieties and other endangered plant species. Material collectedintheform of cuttings from five varieties (Škrlet, Malvasija Dubrovačka, Pavičić, Graševina, Belinastarohrvatska), from the „Jazbina“ experimental station, provided sufficient quantitiesforresearch into development of in vitro plant cultures on three nutrient media (MS, CPandWPM), using the nodal segment method. The observed parameters included culturesuccess, average plant height, and number of nodes. The overall culture success rate of 77%, thehighest average plant height of 3.25 centimeteres for the Škrlet variety, and an averageof 3nodes across all plant samples showed that plant tissue culture was successful andit iscrucial for the preservation and revitalization of endangered Croatian grapevine varieties
Distribution of perch, catfish and pike in the adriatic basin of Croatia
No full textSmuđ, som i štuka strane su vrste u jadranskom slijevu Hrvatske koje su tijekom prošlosti različitim putevima prijenosa unesene u vode jadranskog slijeva. Piscivorne su i predatorske vrste koje svojim prisustvom u novoj sredini često negativno djeluju na postojeći ekosustav i nativne vrste. U radu je obrađena i prikazana biologija i ekologija triju navedenih vrsta, njihova rasprostranjenost u vodama jadranskog slijeva, vektori prijenosa kao i njihov, potencijalno negativan utjecaj na nativne vrste u novom staništu.Perch, catfish, and pike are non-native species in the Adriatic basin of Croatia. These species were introduced into the waters of the Adriatic basin in the past through various pathways. They are piscivorous and predatory, and their presence in a new environment often has a negative effect on existing ecosystems and native species. This paper presents the biology and ecology of the three aforementioned species, their current distribution in the waters of the Adriatic basin, the vectors of their introduction, as well as their usually negative impact on the native species in the new environment
The influence of climate changes on the health of dairy cows
No full textKlimatske promjene uzrokovane su globalnim zagrijavanjem i odnose se na dugoročne negativne vremenske prilike na Zemlji. Negativne posljedice klimatskih promjena prisutne su u mnogim sferama ljudskih djelatnosti pa tako i u stočarskoj odnosno govedarskoj proizvodnji. Visoke temperature negativno utječu na zdravlje i proizvodnost mliječnih krava. Visoke temperature okoliša negativno djeluju na konzumaciju hrane a time i na proizvodnost i zdravlje mliječnih krava. Klimatske promjene time predstavljaju globalni problem u govedarskoj proizvodnji. Kako bi se smanjio negativan utjecaj klimatskih promjena potreban je novi pristup tehnologiji uzgoja i upravljanju zdravljem mliječnih krava.Climate change is caused by global warming and refers to long-term negative weather conditions on Earth. The negative consequences of climate change are present in many spheres of human activities, including livestock production and more specifically cattle production. High temperatures are especially a problem for dairy cows. High environmental temperatures have a negative effect on feed consumption and thus on the productivity and health of dairy cows. Climate change thus represents a global health and economic problem in cattle production, and it is necessary to take measures to combat the negative effects of climate change on the health of cows
The possibility of using wool as a secondary animal product
No full textSmatra se da čovjek koristi vunu već oko 10 000 god., tj. od doba kada je pripitomio ovcu. Najprije se rabilo krzno, a zatim se runo prerađivalo metodom filcanja. Prerada vune metodom predenja razvijena je 400. g. pr. Kr. u Babilonu, a svoj vrhunac imala je dopremom merino ovca u Rim. Od tada počinje izvoz merino ovaca po svim kontinentima. Vuna ima veliku važnost i koristi se u razne svrhe: kao izolacijski materijal, gnojivo te sirovina u modnoj, farmaceutskoj i kozmetičkoj industriji. Neki od najvećih proizvođača vune u svijetu su Kina, Australija, Novi Zeland, Turska itd. U Hrvatskoj je proizvodnja vrlo skromna te vuna većinom predstavlja ekološki problem i većina uzgajivača ne vidi njenu korist i smatra ju otpadom. Ovim završnim radom nastoji se prikazati vunu kao korisnu sirovinu koja uzgajivačima ne bi trebala predstavljati otpad već bitan proizvod koji treba znati iskoristiti. Iako naše autohtone pasmine daju grubu vunu slabe kvalitete, ta se vuna može iskoristiti u izradi prekrivača, obuće, madraca, tepiha i ostalih grubljih predmeta. Uz financijsku pomoć države i volju uzgajivača, vuna može biti od velikog gospodarskoj značaja i jedan od dodatnih izvora prihoda.It is believed that man has been using wool for about 10,000 years, i.e. from the time when he domesticated the sheep. First, fur was used, and then fleece was processed using the felting method. The processing of wool using the spinning method developed in 400 BC. in Babylon, and it had its peak when the merino sheep was delivered to Rome. After that the export of merino sheep to all continents begins. Wool has great importance and is used for various purposes; insulating material, fertilizer and raw material in the fashion, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Some of the largest producers of wool in the world are namely China, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, etc. In Croatia, production is very modest, and wool mostly represents an ecological problem, and most sheep breeders do not see its benefit and consider it waste. This final paper tries to show wool as a useful raw material that should not represent waste to sheep breeders, but an important product that should be utilized. Although our autochthonous breeds produce coarse wool of poor quality, this wool can be used to make blankets, shoes, mattresses, carpets and other coarser items. With the financial assistance of the state and the will of growers, wool can be of great economic importance and one of the sources of income
Visualisation of rural settlement landscape using photogrammetry method
No full textU ovom radu istražena je primjena fotogrametrije u vizualizaciji ruralnih naselja. Korištenjem naprednih metoda fotogrametrije i 3D modeliranja, kroz rad je stavljen fokus na dokumentiranje i analizu karakterističnih naselja. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na projekt Endangered Wooden Architecture of Banovina/Banija, Pokuplje and Posavina Regions (Croatia, EU),, u kojem su analizirana i modelirana naselja. Proces obuhvaća prikupljanje podataka putem bespilotnih letjelica, obradu fotografija i georeferenciranje za stvaranje preciznih 3D modela. Ti modeli služe kao alat za bolje razumijevanje prostornih odnosa i planiranje prostornog razvoja te očuvanje kulturne baštine. Rad pokazuje kako integracija fotogrametrije i drugih digitalnih tehnika može značajno unaprijediti metode vizualizacije u krajobraznoj arhitekturi.This paper explores the application of photogrammetry in visualizing rural settlements. By employing advanced photogrammetry and 3D modeling techniques, the study focuses on documenting and analyzing characteristic settlements. Special emphasis is placed on project Endangered Wooden Architecture of Banovina/Banija, Pokuplje and Posavina Regions (Croatia, EU),, where settlements were analyzed and modeled. The process involves data collection through drones, photo processing, and georeferencing to create accurate 3D models. These models serve as tools for better understanding spatial relationships and planning spatial development, as well as preserving cultural heritage. The paper demonstrates how integrating photogrammetry with other digital techniques can significantly enhance visualization methods in landscape architecture
Ozone Treatment as a Sustainable Alternative for Suppressing Blue Mold in Mandarins and Extending Shelf Life
No full textCitrus fruits, particularly mandarins, are highly valued globally for their nutritional benefits and versatile culinary uses. However, the challenge of post-harvest decay, primarily due to blue mold (Penicillium italicum) infections, results in significant food losses and necessitates effective preservation strategies. Traditional methods often rely on fungicides, raising concerns about chemical residues and environmental impact. This study investigates the efficacy of ozone as an alternative approach to controlling blue mold in mandarins. Various gaseous ozone treatments were tested, including single, double, and triple treatments, with durations ranging from 10 to 60 min and concentrations from 3.3 to 20 ppm. Additionally, ozonated water treatments were evaluated with concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 ppm. To simulate a realistic infestation scenario, mandarins were artificially infected with P. italicum spores before undergoing both gaseous ozone and ozonated water treatments. The storage conditions for the mandarins were meticulously controlled, maintaining a humidity level of 50–60% and a temperature range of 10–12 °C. Each fruit was analyzed, and the presence of P. italicum infection was determined two and three weeks after the ozonation. Results indicated that ozone treatments significantly reduced mold growth, with gaseous ozone demonstrating efficacy rates up to 97.5% and ozonated water treatments achieving preservation rates between 95% and 97%. These results underscore ozone’s potential as a safe, efficient, and sustainable alternative to conventional fungicides, offering promising solutions for extending the shelf life of mandarins. Further research is recommended to optimize ozone treatment parameters, assess long-term effects on fruit quality and nutritional content, and refine application techniques to harness ozone’s potential in citrus fruit preservation fully. This approach not only addresses food security challenges but also aligns with global efforts to reduce chemical inputs in agriculture and promote environmentally sustainable practices
Plant species suitable for use in terrariums
No full textU uzgoju sobnih biljaka, terariji predstavljaju inovativan pristup koji omogućava kontrolirane uvjete za rast i razvoj biljaka koji zahtijevaju specifičnu njegu. Mnoge tropske vrste biljaka, teško se održavaju u standardnim sobnim uvjetima zbog visokih zahtjeva u pogledu vlage, svjetlosti i kvalitete vode. Hipoteza ovog rada temelji se na tvrdnji da su terariji optimalan okoliš za uzgoj biljaka s posebnim načinom uzgoja. Cilj ovog završnog rada je opisati povijesni razvoj terarija, uvjete za uzgoj bilja u terarijima te neke od najčešćih vrsta pogodnih za izradu terarija, njihovu taksonomsku pripadnost, porijeklo, morfologiju, obrazložiti što ih čini pogodnim za takav uzgoj te opisati mjere njege i održavanja terarija.. Istraživanje se temelji na sveobuhvatnoj analizi literature koja se odnosi na uzgoj biljaka unutar terarija i na njihovim specifičnim uvjetima rasta. Korišteni su primarni i sekundarni izvori, uključujući radove iz botanike i hortikulture, kao i studije koje su se bavile prilagodljivim osobinama biljaka. Istraživanje je pokazalo da terariji pružaju stabilno i kontrolirano okruženje koje je optimalno za rast biljaka s posebnim zahtjevima. Terarij omogućava lako upravljanje mikroklimom i smanjuje potrebu za intenzivnim nadzorom biljke, dok redovito održavanje minimizira probleme poput sušenja tla ili opekotina na lišću od prejakog svjetla. Također, minimalna potreba za gnojenjem i zalijevanjem u zatvorenom ekosustavu čini terarije jednostavnima za održavanje, što ih čini privlačnim rješenjem za dekoraciju u zatvorenim prostorima. Zaključak rada potvrđuje da je uzgoj biljaka u terarijima izuzetno koristan za biljke koje zahtijevaju specifične uvjete rasta. Biljke pokazuju bolje rezultate u pogledu rasta, vitalnosti i dugovječnosti unutar kontroliranog terarijskog okoliša, u odnosu na vanjske uvjete ili tradicionalni uzgoj u loncima. Terariji stoga pružaju izvrsnu priliku za uzgoj zahtjevnih biljaka na jednostavan i održiv način, omogućujući uživanje u zelenilu i egzotičnim vrstama čak i u urbanim sredinama.In growing indoor plants, terrariums represent an innovative approach that enables controlled conditions for the growth and development of plants that require specific care. Many tropical plant species are difficult to maintain in standard room conditions due to high requirements regarding moisture, light and water quality. The hypothesis of this paper is based on the claim that terrariums are the optimal environment for growing plants with a special method of cultivation. The aim of this final thesis is to describe the historical development of terrariums, the conditions for growing plants in terrariums, and some of the most common species suitable for making terrariums, their taxonomic affiliation, origin, morphology, to explain what makes them suitable for such cultivation, and to describe the care and maintenance measures for terrariums. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature related to growing plants in terrariums and their specific growth conditions. Primary and secondary sources were used, including works from botany and horticulture, as well as studies dealing with adaptive traits of plants. Research has shown that terrariums provide a stable and controlled environment that is optimal for the growth of plants with special requirements. The terrarium enables easy management of the microclimate and reduces the need for intensive monitoring of the plant, while regular maintenance minimizes problems such as drying of the soil or burns on the leaves from too much light. Also, the minimal need for fertilizing and watering in a closed ecosystem makes terrariums easy to maintain, which makes them an attractive solution for indoor decoration. The conclusion of the paper confirms that growing plants in terrariums is extremely useful for plants that require specific growth conditions. Plants show better results in terms of growth, vitality and longevity within a controlled terrarium environment, compared to outdoor conditions or traditional growing in pots. Terrariums therefore provide an excellent opportunity to grow demanding plants in a simple and sustainable way, allowing the enjoyment of greenery and exotic species even in urban environments
Amino acid composition of meat from two local donkey breeds
No full textAlthough donkey meat is still less common in human nutrition than other meat sources, its unique amino acid composition makes a valuable contribution to a balanced diet. is fact has led to increased research into the quality of donkey meat, with a focus on the amino acid profile. In this study it was found that donkey meat from the Istrian donkey and Littoral-Dinaric donkey breeds provides all essential amino acids, with leucine and lysine being the most abundant in this group in both breeds, followed by arginine, valine and isoleucine. Compared to other domestic animal meat (pork, beef and sheep), the results of the amino acid profile showed a higher number of detected essential amino acids. Namely, donkey meat contained 10-25% more essential amino acids compared to meat from other domestic animal species