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Optimizing team resource management (TRM) on the example of Croatia Airlines
No full textTRM (Team Resource Management), odnosno upravljanje timskim resursima, podrazumijeva strategije za što bolje korištenje svih dostupnih izvora – informacija, opreme i ljudi, kako bi se poboljšale sigurnost i efikasnost zrakoplovnih kompanija. Ljudski potencijali temeljni su organizacijski resurs, odnosno najvažniji čimbenik bilo koje organizacije, koja ovisi upravo o svojim zaposlenicima. Da bi se s uspješnošću ostvarili određeni ciljevi, mora se raditi na neprestanom rastu i razvoju poduzeća, i pritom se moraju uskladiti aktivnosti i zadaci koje pojedinci redovito obavljaju. Zbog toga se oformljuju mali timovi pojedinaca koje nazivamo timom, a koji čine ljudi sa zajedničkim ciljevima i zajedničkom svrhom djelovanja. U procesima konstruiranja, izrade i licenciranja svih sustava, a posebice u procesu licenciranja operativnog osoblja, mora se uključiti i primijeniti znanje o utjecaju ljudskog faktora, u prvoj fazi procesa, prije nego cijeli sustav stupi u potpunu funkciju. Za međunarodnu zrakoplovnu zajednicu vrlo je bitno širenje svijesti o važnosti ljudskog čimbenika jer ono omogućava rast učinkovitosti, sigurnosti i letenja.Team Resource Management (TRM) involves strategies for the best use of all available sources - information, equipment and people to improve the safety and efficiency of airlines. Human potentials are the fundamental organizational resource, that is, the most important factor in any organization, which depends precisely on their employees. To successfully achieve certain goals in a company, the continuing growth and development are required, and the activities and tasks that one performs on a daily basis should be adjusted. Because of this, small groups of individuals, which we call a team, are being formed. These groups are made up of individuals with jointed goals and a jointed purpose of action. Knowledge of the impact of the human factor should be applied and included in the constructing, drafting and certification process, especially during the operational staff certification process, before all essential systems become operational. The expansion of awareness of the importance of the human factor enables the international airline an increase in efficiency and security and flying
Improving Activities of Live Animals Transport Logistics
No full textPrijevoz živih životinja posebna je vrsta prijevoza gdje se naglasak stavlja na zaštitu životinja tijekom prijevoza, kao i omogućavanje što ugodnijeg postupanja sa životinjama tijekom postupaka povezanih s prijevozom. Svi elementi koji se obavljaju prije i nakon samog prijevoza zakonski su regulirani te osobe koje sudjeluju u tom procesu moraju biti adekvatno obučene za obavljanje posla. U prvom dijelu rada prikazati će se koje su uloge i aktivnosti prijevozne logistike i potrebnu dokumentaciju. Također će se objasnit zakonska regulativa koju je potrebno poštivati. U drugom dijelu rada prikazati će se na primjeru prijevoz živih životinja način na koji se on može poboljšati.The transport of live animals is a special type of transport with an emphasis on the protection of animals during transport, as well as enabling the most comfortable treatment of animals during transport-related procedures. All elements that are performed before and after the transport are legally regulated and the people participating in this process must be adequately trained to perform the work. In the first part of the paper there will presented the roles and activities of transport logistics and the necessary documentation. It will also be explained the legislation that needs to be followed. In the second part of the paper it will be shown the example of the transport of live animals and how it can be improved
Air Traffic Complexity before and after the Free Route Airspace Implementation in the Republic of Croatia
No full textInicijativa Jedinstveno Europsko Nebo lansirana je zbog konstantno rastuće stope količine prometa. Početkom ovog stoljeća potražnja prometa je rasla do neodržive mjere te se moralo nešto poduzeti kako bi zračni promet ostao siguran, brzoprotočan i efikasan. Počelo se raditi na defragmentaciji i ujedinjavanju Europskog neba. Prostor slobodnih ruta omogućuje točno to. Korisnici više ne moraju koristiti rute u zraku koje su previše prometne, nego mogu samostalno planirati svoju rutu. Osim što se moraju držati ulaznih i izlaznih točaka i zatvorenog zračnog prostora, imaju potpunu slobodu oko odabira putanje leta. Prostor slobodnih ruta je u Republiku Hrvatsku uveden u prosincu 2016. godine. Prije toga se eksperimentiralo s uvođenjem prostora slobodnih ruta preko noći, no u prosincu 2016. je prostor slobodnih ruta omogućen korisnicima 24 sata dnevno. U ovom radu je provedena analiza kompleksnosti zračnog prometa u Republici Hrvatskoj prije i nakon implementacije prostora slobodnih ruta. Analiza je odrađena pomoću PRU indikatora kompleksnosti korištenjem programskog alata NEST.The Single European Sky initiative was launched due to the ever-increasing rate of traffic. At the beginning of this century, the demand for air transport grew to an unsustainable extent, and something had to be done to keep the traffic safe, fast-flowing and efficient. Work began on the defragmentation and unification of the European sky. Free route airspace allows just that. Users no longer have to use the too crowded pre-set routes in the air, but can plan their own route. Apart from having to stick to entry and exit points and closed airspace, they have complete freedom when choosing a flight path. Free route airspace was introduced to the Republic of Croatia in December of 2016. Previously, experiments were initiated with using FRA overnight, but in December 2016, free route space was provided to users 24 hours a day. This paper analyzes the complexity of air traffic in the Republic of Croatia before and after the implementation of free routes. The analysis was performed using PRU complexity indicators using the NEST software tool
International Transport Chain Management
No full textUpravljanje transportnim lancem predstavlja niz međusobno povezanih aktivnih sudionika, koji omogućuju brze, sigurne te racionalne procese proizvodnje transportnih proizvoda. Specijalizirana privredna djelatnost koja se bavi organizacijom otpreme robe i drugim poslovima koji su s tim u vezi, a organizira se preko špedicije koju obavlja špediter, logistički operater, naziva se međunarodni transport. Logistički operater je fizička ili pravna osoba, koja je registrirana i ovlaštena da u svoje ime, za svoj račun obavlja ili organizira obavljanje brojnih logističkih aktivnosti od točke isporuke, preko točke razdiobe, do točke primitka, uz minimalne uložene resurse, kako bi se zadovoljilo korisnike transportnih lanaca.Transport chain management presents a sequence of interconnected active participants, which enable fast, safe, and rational production processes of transport products. Specialized economic activity that deals with the organization of dispatch of the goods and other related activities and is organized through freight industry by a freight forwarder, logistics operator, is called international transport. Logistics operator is a natural or legal person, registered and authorized to perform or organize on its behalf, for its own account, numerous logistics activities from the point of delivery, through the point of distribution, to the point of receipt, with minimal invested resources, to satisfy users of transport chains
Impact of COVID-19 on Multimedia Networks
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je dvojake prirode, prvi je bio opisati principe rada multimedijskih mreža, osnove njihovih arhitektura te važnije protokole, drugi je bio prikazati i analizirati podatke vezane za utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na prethodno opisane multimedijske mreže. Rad prikazuje te podatke većinom u grafičkom obliku radi lakše čitljivosti i jednostavnosti. Rezultati podataka i analize su da je COVID-19 pandemija zbog faktora poput: zatvaranja javnih prostora, popularizacija rada od kuće, smanjenog kretanja stanovništva i mnogih drugih imala izravan utjecaj na povećanje korištenja multimedijskih usluga, a pogotovo OTT (engl. Over-the-top) video usluga.The aim of this paper was twofold, the first was to describe the principles of operation of multimedia networks, their basic architectures and notable protocols, second was to present and analyze data related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the previously described multimedia networks. The paper presents this data mostly in graphical form for easier readability and simplicity. The results of the data and analysis are that the COVID-19 pandemic due to factors such as: closure of public spaces, popularization of work from home, reduced population movement and many others had a direct impact on increasing the usage of multimedia services, especially OTT (Over-the-top) video services
Traffic Signs Quality Analysis on the State Roads of Karlovac County
No full textPrometni znakovi su neizostavni element svake prometnice i sredstvo komuniciranja u prometu. Glavna zadaća prometnih znakova je informiranje sudionika u prometu na moguće opasnosti, na određene obveze, zabrane i ograničenja, a sve u svrhu sigurnog odvijanja prometa. Da bi prometni znakovi mogli kvalitetno izvršavati svoju funkciju oni moraju biti pravilno postavljeni, vidljivi u svim uvjetima vožnje te moraju biti tehnički ispravni. Najvažnije svojstvo prometnih znakova pri noćnoj vožnji je razina retrorefleksije, a ako je ta razina prometnog znaka ispod propisane vrijednosti, zbog sigurnosti u prometu taj prometni znak potrebno je zamijeniti novim. Na vidljivost prometnih znakova utječu brojni čimbenici kao što su vremenski uvjeti, mjesto postavljanja znaka, veličina, oblik, starost itd. Cilj ovog završnog rada je na temelju podataka o tehničkim karakteristikama prometnih znakova dobivenih ispitivanjem koje je proveo Zavod za prometnu signalizaciju analizirati kvalitetu prometnih znakova na državnim cestama Karlovačke županije.Traffic signs are the indispensable elements of every road and instruments of communication in traffic. The main task of traffic signs is to inform treffic participants of possible dangers, specific obligations, prohibitions and restrictions, all to keep the safe traffic. To perform their task well, traffic signs must be properly placed, visible in all driving conditions and must be technically correct. The most important feature of traffic signs, when driving at night, is the level of retroflexion, and if the level is below the determend value, that traffic sign must be replaced with a new one to keep the traffic safe. The visibility of traffic signs can be affected by many factors such as weather conditions, location of the sign, size, shape, age and others. The goal of this final paper is to analyze the traffic signs' quality on the state roads of the Karlovac County, based on the data on the technical characteristics of traffic signs collected by testing from the Traffic Signaling Institute
Calculation Methods of Aircraft Engine Emissions in Accordance with Regulatory Requirements
No full textEmisije zrakoplovnog motora vrlo su važan čimbenik kod proizvođača zrakoplova i zrakoplovnih motora. Za zračne prijevoznike u Europskoj uniji zbrinjavanje emisija predstavlja značajan trošak pri odvijanju redovitih letačkih operacija. U ovom diplomskom radu obrađen je proces izgaranja mlaznog goriva te je prezentiran sastav ispušnih plinova. Prezentirana je i razrađena regulativa, njen razvoj kroz povijest, aktualne smjernice i smjernice za razvoj regulative kroz budućnost, posebice na teritoriju Europske unije. Objašnjena je i CORSIA, kao prvi sustav smanjenja emisija na međunarodnoj razini. Europskom sustavu trgovanja emisijama stakleničkih plinova pridana je posebna važnost, s obzirom na to da su javno dostupni podaci i izračuni o emisijama odabranog zračnog prijevoznika izračunati u skladu s metodama ETS-a. Nadalje, izračunate su emisije za jedan domaći te za jedan međunarodni let za sve tipove zrakoplova u floti odabranog prijevoznika. Zaključno su rezultati izračuna uspoređeni na razini pretpandemijske 2019. godine s podacima iz 2020. i 2021. godine.Aircraft engine emissions are an important factor for both the aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturers. For EU based air carriers, emission trading and emission-related obligations represent a significant financial stake in their flight operations. In this thesis, the process of jet fuel combustion and the products of this process are explained. The regulations are presented and elaborated, both in their historical development and as guidelines for future regulation development, especially on the territory of the European Union. CORSIA, the first international emission reduction scheme is also explained. The European trading system is of vital importance for this thesis, as all the publicly available data and calculations of the emissions of the selected airline were made in accordance with its methods. Calculation of emissions has been made for one domestic and one international flight for all aircraft types in the chosen carrier's fleet. The calculation results were obtained comparing prepandemic 2019 data with data from 2020 and 2021
Analysis of Aircraft Accidents Caused by Incorrect Aeronautical Information
No full textRazvojem tehnologije i digitalizacije podataka dolazi do opterećenja zrakoplovnog osoblja u percepciji i praćenju velikog broja automatiziranih poruka, zaslona i alarmnih sustava pri čemu isti vrlo teško raspoznaju ispravnost i značenje distribuiranih aeronautičkih informacija. Kao posljedica navedenog, događaju se situacije da objavljene i distribuirane aeronautičke informacije, budu neispravne, netočno interpretirane, nepotpune ili se jednostavno propuste bitne i točne informacije radi velike količine ostalih podataka, što na posljetku dovodi do zrakoplovnih nesreća ili ozbiljnih nezgoda. Istraživanje zrakoplovnih nesreća ili nezgoda uzrokovanih netočnim aeronautičkim informacijama se provodi kako bi se utvrdio točan uzrok na temelju kojeg se donosi sigurnosna preporuka koja za cilj ima prevenciju ponavljanja istih uzroka nesreća ili nezgoda. Istraživanje zrakoplovnih nesreća ili nezgoda se ne provodi kako bi se dodijelila krivnja već kako bi se poboljšala sigurnost zračnog prometa i preveniralo ponavljanje istih u budućnosti.With the development of technology and digitalization of data, aviation staff becoming overloaded in the perception and monitoring of a large number of automated messages, screens and alarm system, where it is very difficult to recognize the correctness and meaning of distributed aeronautical information. As a result, published and distributed aeronautical information may be inaccurate, misinterpreted, incomplete or simply miss out relevant and accurate information due to a large amount of other data, which in the end leads to aircraft accidents or serious incidents. Investigations of aircraft accidents or incidents caused by inaccurate aeronautical information is being conducted to determine the exact cause on the which the safety recommendation is based, with the aim of preventing the recurrence of the same cause of the accident or incident. The investigation of aircraft accidents or incidents isn't conducted in order to assign guilt but in order to improve safety of air traffic and prevent their recurrence in the future
Flying Quality Assessment for Phugoid Mode for Cessna 172 Airplane
No full textStabilnost zrakoplova je tendencija zrakoplova da se nakon poremećaja vrati u ravnotežno stanje koje je imao prije poremećaja. S druge strane, potpuno suprotno od stabilnosti, svrha upravljivosti bi bila što lakša promjena ravnotežnog stanja i dovođenje zrakoplova u neravnotežna ubrzana gibanja (rađenje manevara). U ovome radu se eksperimentalnim letom pokazuje stupanj uzdužne stabilnosti kod dugoperiodičnog gibanja, a samim time i upravljivosti najpopularnijeg školskog zrakoplova na svijetu, Cessne 172. Također se i matematički, uzevši savršene teorijske uvjete u obzir, računaju elementi koji pokazuju stupanj stabilnosti Cessne kod dugoperiodičnog gibanja. Tako se dobiju i rezultati iz prakse i rezultati iz teorije koje je moguće usporediti. Iz svega navedenog se zaključi koliko je Cessna 172 za mnoge, manje bitno upravljiv, a sa druge strane puno bitnije stabilan i siguran zrakoplov.Aircraft stability is the tendency of the aircraft to return to the equilibrium state it had before the disturbance. On the other hand, the complete opposite of stability, the purpose of maneuverability would be as easy as possible to change the equilibrium state and bring the aircraft into unbalanced accelerated movements (to perform maneuvers). In this paper, the degree of longitudinal stability in long-period motion, and at the same time the controllability of the most popular school plane in the world, the Cessna 172, is demonstrated through an experimental flight. Also mathematically, taking into account perfect theoretical conditions, the elements that show the stability of the Cessna in long-period motion are calculated. In this way, results from practice and results from theory are obtained, which can be compared. From all work is concluded how much is Cessna controllable, more important how much is it stable and safe aircraft
Calculation of Target's Position using the TDOA Principle in Multilateration Systems
No full textMultilateracija je vrsta nadzorne tehnologije koja se koristi u zrakoplovstvu. Opisan je princip određivanja pozicije upotrebom TDOA principa. Navedeni su glavni multilateracijski sustavi, njihove prednosti i nedostatci uz način rada sustava. Izračun pozicije upotrebnom TDOA principa je napravljen u programskom jeziku Matlab. Opisani su svi postupci izrade programskog rješenja u kojem se dodaje i greška vremena. Rezultati su analizirani i uspoređene su sve dobivene pozicije ovisno o grešci vremena. Tim proračunom se može uočiti prednosti i nedostatke principa TDOA u sustavima multilateracije.Multilateration is a type of surveillance technology used in aviation. The TDOA principle for determining position is described. The main multilateration systems are listed with their advantage and disadvantages in addition to the way they work. The calculation for determining position using the TDOA principle was made in the Matlab programming language. All the procedures for creating the software which provides results of positioning with the added time error were described. The results were analyzed and obtained positions, depending of the time error, were compared. This shows the advantages and disadvantages of the TDOA principle in multilateration systems