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    Analysis of Management of a Road Vehicles Rolling Stock

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    Tržišta roba i usluga uvelike ovise o mnogim čimbenicima, a među njima se ističu troškovi transporta. Oni su neizostavan dio formiranja konačne cijene na tržištu, te su današnji trendovi povećanja efikasnosti, smanjenja konačnih cijena uz podizanje razine usluge, orijentirani na smanjenje takve vrste troškova. Jedno od mogućih rješenja ka ostvarenju takvih ciljeva predstavlja kvalitetno upravljanje voznim parkom. Kvalitetno upravljanje voznim parkom stavlja naglasak na bolje iskorištenje transportnih kapaciteta, smanjenje relacija transporta i varijabilnih troškova. U radu su analizirani čimbenici, elementi i procesi važni za kvalitetno upravljanje voznim parkom, te je na praktičnom primjeru tvrtke Agroproteinka d.d. prikazana optimizacija transportnih kapaciteta.Markets for goods and services are highly dependent on many factors, among which transportation costs stand out. They are an indispensable part of the formation of the final price on the market, and today's trends of increasing efficiency, reducing final prices while raising the level of service are oriented towards the reduction of such costs. One of the possible solutions towards achieving such goals is quality fleet management. High-quality fleet management emphasizes better utilization of transport capacities, reduction of transport routes and variable costs. The paper analyzed the factors, elements and processes important for the quality management of the vehicle fleet, and based on the practical example of the company Agroproteinka d.d. shown the optimization of transport capacities

    An overview of the state of the quantum communication network in EU

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    Sve većom digitalizacijom u svakodnevnom životu, raste i rizik od „curenja“ informacija do neovlaštenih korisnika. Razvijaju se različiti protokoli i principi kako bi te informacije, podatke zaštili u samom prijenosu od izvorišta do odredišta. Jedna od tih tehnologija je i kvantna komunikacija koja leži na temeljima kvantne fizike, odnosno mehanike i predviđa joj se blistava budućnost baš zbog činjenice da je nemoguće od strane neovlaštenog korisnika presresti informaciju u samom prijenosu. Kvantna komunikacija je polje primijenjene kvantne fizike koje je usko povezano s kvantnom teleportacijom i kvantnom obradom informacija. Najzanimljivija primjena je zaštita informacijskih kanala od prisluškivanja neovlaštenog korisnika, a to se ostvaruje primjenom kvantne kriptografije. Najrazvijenija i najpoznatija primjena kvantne kriptografije je kvantna distribucija ključeva (QKD). Za obavljanje kriptografskih zadataka ili za razbijanje kriptografskih sustava QKD opisuje korištenje kvantno mehaničkih učinaka. Načelo rada QKD sustava prilično je jednostavno: dvije strane, odnosno pošiljatelj (Alice) i primatelj (Bob) koriste pojedinačne fotone koji su nasumično polarizirani u stanja koja predstavljaju bitove 0 i 1 za prijenos niza slučajnih brojeva koji se zatim koriste kao ključevi u kriptografskoj komunikaciji. Obje strane su međusobno povezane i klasičnim i kvantnim kanalom. Alice generira nasumični tok kubita koji se šalju preko kvantnog kanala. Kada se međusobno povežu kvantnim kanalom Bob i Alice — koristeći klasični kanal — izvode klasične operacije kako bi provjerili je li prisluškivač pokušao izvući informacije o prijenosu kubita. Prisutnost prisluškivača otkriva se nesavršenom međusobnom povezanošću između dvije liste bitova dobivenih nakon prijenosa kubita između pošiljatelja i primatelja. Jedna važna komponenta praktički svih ispravnih shema šifriranja je prava slučajnost koja se može bez ikakvih problema generirati pomoću kvantne optike. Područja primjene kvantne komunikacije nalaze se u bankarstvu, vladi, industriji, vojsci i sl.With increasing digitization in everyday life, the risk of information "leaking" to an unauthorized user also increases. Various protocols and principles are being developed in order to protect this information and data during the actual transfer from source to destination. One of these technologies is quantum communication, which is based on the foundations of quantum physics, that is, mechanics, and is predicted to have a bright future precisely because of the fact that it is impossible for an unauthorized user to intercept the information in the transmission itself. Quantum communication is a field of applied quantum physics closely related to quantum teleportation and quantum information processing. The most interesting application is the protection of information channels from eavesdropping by an unauthorized user, and this is achieved by applying quantum cryptography. The most developed and well-known application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD). To perform cryptographic tasks or to break cryptographic systems, QKD describes the use of quantum mechanical effects. The working principle of the QKD system is quite simple: two parties, the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob) use individual photons that are randomly polarized in a state representing bits 0 and 1 to transmit a series of random numbers that are then used as keys in cryptographic communication. . Both parties are connected to each other by both classical and quantum channels. Alice generates a random stream of qubits that are sent over the quantum channel. When Bob and Alice communicate with each other over the quantum channel — using the classical channel — classical operations are performed to check whether the listener has tried to extract information about the qubit transfer. The presence of an eavesdropper is detected by the imperfect correlation between the two lists of bits obtained after the transmission of the qubit between the sender and the receiver. One important component of practical all-correct encryption schemes is true randomness, which can be easily generated using quantum optics. Applications of quantum communications are in banking, government, industry, military, etc

    Impact of Road Safety Audits on Traffic-Technological Design of Road Infrastructure in the Republic of Croatia

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    U zadnjih nekoliko godina povećan broj vozila na prometnici uzrokovao je velik broj nesreća sa smrtnim posljedicama. Glavni uzročnici prometnih nesreća jesu čovjek, a nakon njega slijedi cestovna infrastruktura i vozilo. Kroz ovaj rad obradit će se cesta kao čimbenik sigurnosti te na koji način se kroz revizije cestovne sigurnosti i sigurno projektiranje može utjecati na unaprjeđenje sigurnosti cestovnog prometa. Direktivom 2008/96 postupak revizije cestovne sigurnosti postao je obvezan za sve ceste koje su dio TEM mreže. U sklopu rada analizirani su rezultati deset revizija cestovne sigurnosti te su prikazani grafovi s rezultatima danih nalaza i preporuka, njihovih razina rizika, prihvaćenosti i sl. U mnogim zemljama koje imaju jedne od najsigurnijih prometnica postoje smjernice za sigurno projektiranje cesta. Na temelju rezultata analize i primjera drugih država predložena je izrada smjernica za sigurno projektiranje.In the last few years, an increasing number of vehicles in the world cause a large number of deadly road accidents. One of the main factors of road accidents is the driver and the second one is the road. European Commission, with Directive 96/2008, decided to implement a road safety audit procedure on the roads that are part of TEM network. This master's degree analyzed ten projects of road safety audit with graphs who was showing the correlation between the number of accepted findings and recommendations, risk level, etc. The countries with the best roads, and safest, have guidelines for safe road design. Based on the results of the analysis and guidelines for safe road design in other countries are proposed guidelines for road safety design in Croatia

    Analysis of Logistics Requirements for Smart Cities

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    Uz pozitivne rezultate razvoja suvremenih tehnologija i globalizacije, pojavile su se i prepreke koje otežavaju gospodarsko djelovanje, kao i posljedice neplanskog prenapučavanja urbanih područja i nepovoljnog utjecaja industrije na okoliš. Parcijalna rješenja više nisu dovoljna za otklanjanje ovih problema, već se mora postići nova kvaliteta života i rada u urbanim sredinama stvaranjem pametnog grada integracijom suvremenih tehnologija. Na taj će način grad učinkovito obavljati sve svoje funkcije, a ujedno će zaštititi okoliš, što će poboljšati kvalitetu života njegovih stanovnika i gostiju. Logistika je oduvijek bila važna grana gospodarstva, a danas se suočava s izazovom stalnih inovacija i usavršavanja kako bi iu novim uvjetima poslovanja zadovoljila potrebe korisnika u pravo vrijeme i na pravom mjestu. Posljednjih godina vidljiv je razvoj novih tehnologija unutar logistike koje povećavaju učinkovitost logističkih procesa. Logističke tvrtke imaju imperativ razvijati pametna rješenja i uključiti ih u digitalne platforme pametnih gradova.In addition to the positive results of the development of modern technologies and globalization, there have also been obstacles that make economic activities more difficult, as well as the consequences of unplanned overcrowding of urban areas and the unfavorable impact of industry on the environment. Partial solutions are no longer sufficient to eliminate these problems, but a new quality of life and work in urban areas must be achieved by creating a smart city by integrating modern technologies. In this way, the city will effectively perform all its functions, and at the same time protect the environment, which will improve the quality of life for its residents and guests. Logistics has always been an important branch of the economy, and today it faces the challenge of constant innovation and improvement in order to meet the needs of users at the right time and in the right place even in new business conditions. Recent years have seen the development of new technologies within logistics that increase the efficiency of logistics processes. Logistics companies have an imperative to develop smart solutions and include these solutions in the digital platforms of smart cities

    Transport Logistics Process Optimization by Customer Segmentation Model

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    Prijevozna logistika predstavlja znanstvenu disciplinu i stručnu djelatnost koja se bavi organizacijom i optimizacijom prijevoza robe, a cilj joj je ispunjenje zahtjeva kupaca uz najmanje troškove. Zbog ispunjenja rastućih zahtjeva kupaca i zadržavanja konkurentnosti na tržištu, poduzeća su primorana optimizirati procese prijevozne logistike s ciljem što učinkovitijeg korištenja prijevoznih i ljudskih resursa, uz visoku razinu pružene usluge. Ovaj rad istražuje mogućnosti optimizacije procesa prijevozne logistike na primjeru konkretne tvrtke, distributera pića, modelom segmentacije kupaca koja kupce dijeli u kategorije na temelju njihove vrijednosti za tvrtku. Segmentacija je izrađena na temelju podataka o narudžbama kupaca kroz promatrani period dobivenih od tvrtke te se u radu prikazuje utjecaj navedene segmentacije na aktivnosti prijevozne logistike i distribucije robe, odnosno organizaciju dnevnih transportnih procesa tvrtke.Transport logistics is a scientific discipline and professional activity that deals with the organisation and optimisation of the transportation of goods. Its goal is to fulfill customer needs at the lowest costs. In order to meet the customers growing demands and maintain competitiveness in the market, companies are forced to optimise transport logistics processes with the aim of using transport and human resources as efficiently as possible, while providing high level of service. This thesis investigates the possibilities of optimising the transport logistics processes in the case of a beverage distributor company, using a customer segmentation model that categorises customers based on their value to the company. The segmentation is based on customer orders data for the observed period, obtained from the company. Thesis shows the impact of the mentioned segmentation on the activities of transport logistics and distribution of goods, i.e. the organisation of the company's daily transport processes

    Prediction of vehicle emissions using machine learning algorithms with data collected by the OBD2 device

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    Konstantnim povećanjem broja vozila na cestama javlja se sve veći problem emisija štetnih ispušnih plinova. Navedeno je izazvalo globalni interes za primijenjeno istraživanje u područjima analize podataka i strojnog učenja nad podacima prikupljenim s vozila. Kako bi se olakšalo praćenje količine emisija štetnih ispušnih plinova razvijeni su različiti modeli procjene štetnih emisija. U ovom diplomskom radu izraden je model predikcije emisija ugljikovog dioksida korištenjem metoda strojnog učenja. Za treiranje modela bili su korišteni javno dostupni podaci koji se sastoje od tehničkih podataka o samom vozilu, procijenjene emisije ugljičnog dioksida za nova laka vozila te ocjene potrošnje goriva specifične za odredeno vozilo. Korišteni alat za izradu modela bio je programski jezik Python u kojemu se obradila predobrada podataka, vršilo se testiranje pet različitih regresija od kojih je regresija s povećanjem gradijenata ispala najpouzdanija i koja se koristila za testiranje modela na privatno prikupljenim podacima. Za testiranje modela koristili su se osobno prikupljeni podaci pomoću OBD-II (eng. On-Board Diagnostics, OBD) uređaja. Rezultati primjene modela bili su prikazani na manjem dijelu rute gdje je model uspješno predvidio količinu emisija u svakom dijelu rute koristeći ulazne parametre prikupljene OBD-II uredajem.With the constant increase in the number of vehicles on the roads, the problem of harmful gas emissions is emerging. This has sparked global interest in applied research in the areas of data analysis and machine learning on data collected from vehicles. In order to facilitate the monitoring of the amount of harmful gas emissions, various models for the assessment of harmful emissions have been developed. In this thesis, a carbon dioxide emission prediction model was developed using machine learning methods. Publicly available data consisting of technical data about the vehicle itself, estimated carbon dioxide emissions for new light vehicles, and vehicle-specific fuel consumption ratings were used to train the model. The tool used to create the model was the Python programming language in which the data was processed, five different regressions were tested, of which the regression with increasing gradients turned out to be the most reliable and which was used to test the model on privately collected data. To test the model, personally collected data using an OBD-II (eng. On-Board Diagnostics, OBD) device was used. The results of the model application were shown on a smaller part of the route where the model successfully predicted the amount of emissions in each part of the route using the input parameters collected by the OBD-II device

    Organizing and Conducting the Investigations of Aircraft Accidents Caused by Unlawful Interference

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    Zračni promet je u zadnja dva desetljeća u konstantnom porastu i sve više ljudi se odlučuje za ovakav način transporta. Za zračni promet sa sigurnošću se može reći da je najsigurniji oblik prijevoza, no nesreće u zračnom prometu i dalje postoje. Kako bi i dalje bio najsigurniji oblik prijevoza te kako bi se sigurnost i zaštita u zračnom prometu još više unaprijedila, organiziraju se istrage zrakoplovnih nesreća i nezgoda. Jedini cilj zrakoplovnih istraga je utvrditi uzrok nesreće ili nezgode te definirati sigurnosne preporuke kako se nesreće sličnog uzroka ne bi ponavljale. Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se tematikom zrakoplovnih nesreća uzrokovanih nezakonitim ometanjem. U početku rada definirani su osnovni pojmovi u procesu zrakoplovnih istraga, zakonske regulative te odgovornosti članova koji su povezani s istragom. Zatim se opisuju postupci koji se provode za vrijeme istrage. Nakon definiranih postupaka, napravljena je studija slučaja provođenja istrage zrakoplovnih nesreća na primjeru leta MH17. Navedeni su osnovni podaci o samom letu, opisani postupci prilikom provođenja istrage te definirane sigurnosne preporuke koje su proizašle iz sakupljenih dokaza tijekom istrage nesreće leta MH17.In the last two decades, air traffic has been constantly increasing and more and more people are turning to this mode of transport. It can be safely said that air transport is the safest form of transport, but accidents in air transport still exist. In order to continue to be the safest form of transportation and to further improve safety and security in air traffic, investigations of aviation accidents and incidents are organized. The sole purpose of aviation investigations is to determine the cause of an accident or incident and to define safety recommendations so that accidents of similar causes do not occur again. This thesis deals with the topic of aircraft accidents caused by illegal interference. At the beginning of the work, the basic terms in the process of aircraft investigations, legal regulations and responsibilities of the members connected with the investigation are defined. Then the procedures carried out during the investigation are described. After the defined procedures, a case study was made of the investigation of aircraft accidents on the example of flight MH17. The basic information about the flight itself, the procedures during the investigation are described. At the end safety recommendations resulting from evidence gathered during the investigation of flight MH17 are defined

    Protection Against Unauthorized Collection of Personal Data in an IoT Environment

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    Razvojem pametnih mobilnih uređaja te njihovim sve većim brojem i korištenjem, nailazi se na potrebu njihovog međusobnog povezivanja zbog velike količine podataka koja se na tim uređajima pohranjuje i obrađuje. Povezivanjem tih uređaja u cjelinu korisnicima se olakšava pristup podacima jer su samim time i podaci povezani u cjelinu. Tehnologija koja omogućava sve navedeno naziva se Internet stvari (Internet of Things). Kao i svaki drugi veliki sustav, Internet stvari ima mnoštvo prednosti, ali i nedostataka od kojih je najveći mogućnost neautoriziranog pristupa podacima. Konstantno je potrebno poduzimanje određenih sigurnosnih koraka i usavršavanja sustava te edukacija korisnika kako bi se te mogućnosti smanjile. Neovlašteni pristup podacima može ozbiljno našteti fizičkoj ili pravnoj osobi stoga su neophodni sigurnosni sustavi zaštite. Ova vrsta tehnologije se svakodnevno razvija, a s obzirom na to da je broj mobilnih terminalnih uređaja sve veći, može se reći da će biti u konstantnom razvoju. Prije same implementacije jednog ovakvog sustava potrebno je zadovoljiti određene pravne norme.With the development of smart mobile devices and their increasing number and use, there is a need for their interconnection due to the large amount of data that is stored and processed on these devices. Connecting these devices as a whole makes it easier for users to access the data, because the data is connected as a whole. The technology that enables all of the above is called the Internet of Things. Like any other large system, the Internet of Things has many advantages, but also disadvantages, the biggest of which is the possibility of unauthorized data access. It is constantly necessary to take certain security steps and improve the system and educate users in order to reduce these opportunities. Unauthorized data access can seriously harm a physical or legal person, so security protection systems are necessary. This type of technology is evolving every day, and since the number of mobile terminal devices is increasing, it can be said that it will be in constant development. Before the implementation of such a system, it is necessary to meet certain legal norms

    Estimation of the Performance of the Bell 206 Helicopter at Different Flight Altitudes

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    U diplomskom radu obrađeni su osnovni pojmovi vezani za atmosferu kao što su tlak, gustoća i temperatura zraka. Tlak, gustoća i temperatura zraka imaju važan utjecaj na performanse helikoptera Bell 206B. Objašnjeno je kakav atmosfera ima utjecaj na performanse helikoptera uz pomoć formula i dijagrama. Pomoću priručnika određene su performanse helikoptera Bell 206B za različite visine leta, koje su provjerene praktičnim letom. Nadalje, napravljena je usporedba tih podataka i koji su uzroci odstupanja podataka iz priručnika i podataka iz leta. Glavni uzroci odstupanja mogu biti: greška u tehnici pilotiranja, utjecaj vjetra i točnost pokazivanja instrumenata.This paper deals with basic concepts related to the atmosphere such as air pressure, density and temperature. Air pressure, density and temperature have an important impact on the performance of the Bell 206B helicopter. It is explained what kind of impact the atmosphere has on helicopter performance with the help of formulas and diagrams. The manual determines the performance of Bell 206B helicopters for different flight altitudes, which were tested in practical flight. Furthermore, a comparison was made between these data and what are the causes of the discrepancy between the data from the manual and the data from the flight. The main causes of deviations can be: error in piloting technique, wind influence and accuracy of instrument display

    Analysis of the Bus Line 110 Savski most - Botinec in the City of Zagreb

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    Javni gradski prijevoz mora biti učinkovit i glavno mu je obilježje da ga može uz uvjete koristiti svaki građanin. Problematika se očituje u zagušenosti,pokretljivosti i vanjskim utjecajima. Ovaj završni rad se temelji na analizi prijevoznog procesa autobusne linije 110 u gradu Zagrebu sa statičkim i dinamičkim elementima. Cilj rada je, prikupljanjem podataka o izmjeni putnika i popunjenosti vozila, utvrditi iskorištenost ponuđenog kapaciteta linije te predočiti uvid u stanje brzina i vremena u prijevoznom procesu linije.Public transport has to be efficient and accessible to every citizen under specific conditions. Problems related to public transportation include congestion, mobility and other external factors. This undergraduate thesis is based on analysing bus line 110 Savski most – Botinec in the city of Zagreb, including transport processes, static and dynamic elements. The goal of this thesis is to determine utilization of the offered capacity, and to provide an insight into speeds and travel times on the bus line with the collected time, vehicle and passenger data

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