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A Model for Assessing the Risk of Traffic Accidents Among Young Drivers by Identifying Subjective and Objective Factors
No full textUzimajući u obzir vozače svih dobnih skupina, mladi vozači najviše su izloženi riziku sudjelovanja u prometnim nesrećama. U okviru ovoga doktorskog rada izrađen je model za procjenu rizika od prometne nesreće identifikacijom subjektivnih i objektivnih čimbenika koji će doprinijeti većoj sigurnosti mladih vozača u prometu tijekom procesa osposobljavanja te u stvarnim prometnim situacijama. Istraživanje je provedeno u fazama, uključujući i proces terenskog istraživanja radi prikupljanja potrebnih podataka o stavovima mladih vozača te kandidata u autoškolama vezano uz nastanak prometnih nesreća. Osim toga, u sklopu istraživanja prikupljeni su podaci o prometnim nesrećama iz dostupnih baza podataka relevantnih za sigurnost cestovnog prometa. Obradom i analizom prikupljanih podataka definirana su obilježja cesta koja su uzrokovala najveći broj prometnih nesreća u kojima su sudjelovali mladi vozači te subjektivni i objektivni čimbenici koji su u najvećem postotku imali utjecaj na nastanak prometnih nesreća. U završnoj fazi istraživanja definirana je korelacija između objektivnih i subjektivnih čimbenika koji povećavaju rizik nastanka prometnih nesreća te učestalosti pojedinih čimbenika sigurnosti (čovjek, vozilo, cesta i okolina) u prometnim nesrećama u kojima su sudjelovali mladi vozači. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja i dobivenih rezultata predložen je model procjene rizika od prometnih nesreća mladih vozača. Uspostavom modela za procjenu rizika od prometne nesreće i njegovom implementacijom u program osposobljavanja vozača za samostalno sudjelovanje u cestovnom prometu, povećat će se sigurnost mladih vozača u prometu.Taking into account drivers of all age groups, young drivers are the most endangered participator involved in road accidents. Within this PhD, models are developed to assess the risk of road accidents identifying subjective and objective factors that are contribute to increasing the safety of young drivers in traffic during the training process and in real traffic situations when the drivers themselves assess the risk and make decisions. The research is done in five phases including also the field research to collect needed data on young drivers and driving school candidates attitude about the causation of traffic accidents. Furthermore, data have been collected on road accidents, databases available important for road traffic safety. The processing and analysis of the collected data have determined the characteristics of the roads that have caused the largest number of road accidents involving young drivers, as well as the objective and cause-and-effect objectives that have greatly affected (occur) road accidents. At the end of the research phase, a link was established between objectives and entities that increase the risk of traffic accidents and the frequency of certain safety factors (man, vehicle and road) in road traffic accident involving drivers of young. Based on the research conducted and the results obtained, a model of risk assessment of the cause of road accidents with young drivers will be proposed. By using a traffic accident assessment model and implementing it in the driver training program for self-participation in road traffic, the safety of young drivers will be increased
Influence of Variable Speed Limit and Acceleration Zone Lengths on Urban Motorway Traffic Throughput
No full textZbog povećane prijevozne potražnje na gradskim autocestama može doći do nastanka zagušenja. Iz tog razloga se javlja potreba za uvođenjem sustava upravljanja prometom. U svrhu izbjegavanja ili ublažavanja posljedica zagušenja se koristi niz rješenja iz domene inteligentnih transportnih sustava, od kojih su na gradskim autocestama najkorišteniji upravljanje priljevnim tokovima i promjenjivo ograničenje brzine. Fokus ovoga završnoga rada je analiza utjecaja različitih duljina zona promjenjivog ograničenja brzine, kao i različitih duljina zona ubrzanja na učinkovitost jednostavnog proporcionalnog regulatora za promjenjivo ograničenje brzine. Ispitane su različite konfiguracije zona promjenjivog ograničenja brzine i zone ubrzanja, te njihov utjecaj na protočnost gradskih autocesta korištenjem mikroskopskog simulatora SUMO u scenarijima niskog, srednjeg i visokog prometnog opterećenja.Due to increased traffic demand on urban motorways, congestion can occur. For this reason, there is a need to introduce traffic control systems. In order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of congestion, a number of solutions from the domain of intelligent transport systems are used, of which the most frequently used on urban motorways are ramp metering and variable speed limit control. The focus of this undergraduate thesis is the influence of different lengths of variable speed limit zones, as well as different lengths of acceleration zones on the efficiency of the simple proportional speed limit controller. Different configurations of variable speed limit control zones and acceleration zones and their influence of urban motorway throughput were analized using the microscopic simulator SUMO in low, medium and high traffic demand scenarios
Wi-Fi Technology Applications in Public Transport Passenger Counting
No full textJavni gradski prijevoz kompleksan je sustav koji se sastoji od infrastrukture, voznog parka, zaposlenog osoblja i putnika. Za pravilno funkcioniranje potrebne su analize i istraživanja svih aspekata ovog sustava. Jedna od analiza koja se provodi je brojanje putnika kako bi se mogao prilagoditi vozni red, povećati ili smanjiti broj prijevoznih sredstava i u nekom trenutku proširiti postojeća infrastruktura. Načini brojanja putnika dijele se na ručno i automatsko. Jedan od automatskih načina/metoda utvrđivanja broja putnika, bez potrebe putnikovog sudjelovanja u istom, može se obaviti uz pomoć korištenja mogućnosti Wi-Fi tehnologije. Teorijski dio rada prikazuje i opisuje postojeća istraživanja korištenja Wi-Fi tehnologije u svrhu brojanja putnika, značajke i razvoj Wi-Fi tehnologije te sustave brojanja putnika. Studija slučaja prikazuje primjer implementacije postojećeg koda na mikrokontroler koji omogućava brojanje putnika u kontroliranim uvjetima pomoću Wi-Fi tehnologije.Urban public transport is a complex system consisting of infrastructure, fleet of vehicles, employees and passengers. In order to have properly functioning system, analysis and research of all its aspects are necessary. One of the analysis that needs to be performed out, for the timetable adjustment, increase or reduce the number of vehicles and at some point expand the existing infrastructure, is the counting of passengers. Counting methods can be divided to manual and automatic. One of the automatic ways/methods of determining the number of passengers, without the need for the passenger's engagement in it, can be done with the usage of developed Wi-Fi technology. The theoretical part of the thesis presents and describes the existing research on the use of the WiFi for the purpose of passenger counting, the features and development of Wi-Fi technology and the passenger counting system. A case study shows an example of the implementation of existing code on microcontroler that enables the counting of passengers under controlled conditions using Wi-Fi technology
Security Aspects of Corporate Data of Privately Owned Mobile Devices
No full textKorištenje mobilnih uređaja u korporativnom okruženju je u rastućem trendu. Svaka korporacija želi povećati produktivnost zaposlenika i tako dolazi do uvođenja metoda za obavljanje poslovnih zadataka preko privatnih uređaja zaposlenika. Većina zaposlenika nije svjesna mogućih sigurnosnih prijetnji i kako njihove radnje na uređajima mogu znatno ugroziti sigurnost podataka, poslovanje korporacije i na kraju krajeva, reputaciju korporacije. Sve više korporacija ulaže u zaštitu osjetljivih podataka koje su od iznimne važnosti za poslovanje. Sigurnost podataka korporacije s kojima zaposlenici raspolažu na mobilnim uređajima ne bi smjela biti upitna. Svrha ovog rada je prikazati korištenje privatnih uređaja zaposlenika u poslovnom okruženju i kako to utječe na sigurnost korporativnih podataka. Prikazat će se načini odvajanja privatnih od poslovnih podataka, sigurnosne prijetnje s kojima se korporacije suočavaju i metode zaštite korporativnih podataka.The use of mobile devices in the corporate environment is a growing trend. Every corporation wants to increase the productivity of its employees, and thus comes the introduction of methods for performing business tasks through employees' private devices. Most employees are unaware of potential security threats and how their actions on devices can significantly jeopardize data security, corporate operations, and ultimately, corporate reputation. More and more corporations are investing in the protection of sensitive data that is extremely important for business. The security of corporate data held by employees on mobile devices should not be in doubt. The purpose of this thesis is to show the use of private devices of employees in a business environment and how this affects the security of corporate data. Ways to separate private from business data, security threats that corporations are facing and methods of protecting corporate data will be presented in this thesis
Organization of Railway Sector in European Union
No full textOdobrenjem četiri regulatorna željeznička paketa postignut je razvoj željezničkog prometa, otvaranje tržišta prijevoza robe, širenje liberalizacije, otklanjanje barijera te postupno uspostavljanje jedinstvenog europskog željezničkog prostora. Konkurentnost i učinkovitost željeznica na europskom prostoru ostvarena je uspostavljanjem međunarodnih teretnih koridora. Radi dostupnije i kvalitetnije usluge prijevoza robe u Europi uspostavljen je Alpsko-Balkanski željeznički teretni koridor.With the approval of four regulatory railway packages, the development of railway traffic, the opening of the goods transport market, the expansion of liberalization, the removal of barriers and the gradual establishment of a single European railway area were achieved. The competitiveness and efficiency of railways in the European area was achieved through the establishment of international freight corridors. The Alpine - Balkan railway freight corridor was established for more accessible and better quality goods transport services in Europe
Determining the Load on the Aircraft while Performing the Upset Recovery Procedure
No full textRad opisuje razlog uvođenja osposobljavanja za sprječavanje i oporavak iz nepravilnog položaja (Upset Prevention and Recovery Training – UPRT) u suvremenu obuku profesionalnih pilota zrakoplova, te dokumente nadležnih zrakoplovnih vlasti koje su toj implementaciji omogućili stupanje na snagu. Navedeni su najčešći razlozi pada zrakoplova u nepravilan položaj, te su opisani postupci ispravka iz različitih nepravilnih položaja. Izmjereno je opterećenje na zrakoplov prilikom vađenja iz više vrsta nepravilnih položaja, koje je popraćeno s adekvatnom analizom podataka. Također su spomenuti i obrađeni opasni režimi leta koji se mogu razviti iz nepravilnog položaja kao što je slom uzgona ili oštećenje konstrukcije zrakoplova uslijed prevelike brzine.This thesis exhibits the reason why Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) was introduced to modern pilot training and explains documents, published by aviation authorities, that enabled this implementation to take effect. Most common reasons for airplane upset are listed together along with the procedures for recovering the aircraft to desired flight path. The load on the aircraft was measured during the recovery from multiple types of airplane upsets, which was then analyzed by adequate data analysis. Adverse situations that may develop from an airplane upset, such as an aerodynamic stall, or the structural damage to the airframe due to an overspeed condition, are described and disccused as well
Using Alternative Fuel Vehicles during Turnaround
No full textSektor zračnog prijevoza se smatra jednim od većih globalnih zagađivača, a zbog najveće stope rasta u sektoru prijevoza, problem zagađenja okoliša koje izaziva je sve ozbiljniji. Potrebne su inovacije u vidu novih tehničkih rješenja uz uporabu alternativnih goriva za pogon opreme, vozila i zrakoplova. Ovaj rad se fokusira na mogućnostima primjene vozila na alternativno gorivo prilikom procesa prihvata i otpreme zrakoplova. Proces prihvata i otpreme zrakoplova obuhvaća skup aktivnosti koje se obavljaju u putničkoj kabini, prtljažno-teretnom prostoru zrakoplova i servisne aktivnosti koje uključuju angažman specijaliziranih vozila i opreme za prihvat i otpremu zrakoplova. Zamjena pogonskog goriva kod ovih vozila i opreme doprinosi smanjenju štetnih emisija, te poboljšanoj ekonomskoj učinkovitosti procesa. Institucije EU i ostali zainteresirani sudionici aktivno rade na kreiranju uvjeta za cjelovitu dekarbonizaciju sektora zračnog prijevoza do 2050. godine kroz brojne inicijative i inovacije na polju alternativnih goriva potvrđuju opredjeljenost održivom zračnom prijevozu u budućnosti.The air transport sector is considered to be the one of major global GHG emitters, thus due to it’s overall growth rate being the highest in the transport sector, environmental concernes are rising. Technological inovations using alternative fuels for propulsion of vehicles, equipment and aircrafts are sectorial top priority. This paper focuses on the possibilities to apply alternative fuels in the turnaround process. Aircraft turnaround process involves a set of activities carried out in the passenger cabine, aircraft baggage and cargo space and aircraft servicing, thus employing specialized vehicles and equipment for ground support. Replacement of propulsion fuels in GSE contributes to reduced emissions of GHG and improves process efficiency. EU institutions and other stakeholders take active role in making the grounds for full decarbonisation of air transport sector by 2050. through series of initiatives and inovations in usage of alternative fuels, demonstrating commitment to fully sustainable air transport in future
Factors which affect on Pedestrian Visibility at Night Conditions
No full textPješački promet je prirodan način kretanja čovjeka koji omogućava prilagodljivost u odnosu na druge vrste prometa, svakodnevno je neizostavan dio ljudskih života. Prometne nezgode koje uključuju pješake polaze od čovjeka koji se smatra najčešćim uzrokom. Greške čovjeka su usko vezane na tehničke nedostatke vozila, atmosferske prilike kao i infrastrukturu. Vidljivost pješaka iznimno je bitna za odvijanje sigurnog prometnog sustava. Vizualna percepcija omogućava više od 90% potrebnih informacija za vožnju. Vožnja u noćnim uvjetima otežava uočljivost pješaka zbog smanjenje vidljivosti izvan područja osvjetljenja prednjim svjetlima, nemogućnosti praćenja horizonta, smanjenog vremena gledanja i promatranja, nedovoljno dobre horizontalne i vertikalne signalizacije kao i loše projektirane površine za pješake. Takvi uvjeti smanjuju fazu detekcije, identifikacije i donošenja odluke, a samim time i brzinu reagiranja što za posljedicu ima poduzimanje loše odluke za sigurnost pješaka i vozača.Pedestrian traffic is native way of human movement which enables adaptability compared to others types of traffic. Traffic accident which includes pedestrian often are causes by driver. Mistakes happen due to vehicle imperfections, bad weather and infrastructure. Pedestrian visibility is one the most important thing for safe traffic system. Visual perception in traffic provides more than a 90% information which are important for driver. On pedestrian visibility, while driving at night affect lack of lighting, bad signalling, poorly pedestrian infrastructure and dark clothes which pedestrian wear. Because of that, drivers have lack of time to make a good decision for everyone in traffic
Comparison of the Performance of Global Satellite Navigation Systems
No full textGlobalni navigacijski satelitski sustavi (GNSS) su svi sustavi koji koriste satelite za određivanje pozicije. U ovome radu će se testirati sustavi GPS, Galileo, GLONASS i BeiDou kako bi utvrdili koji sustav ima najveću preciznost. Podatke ćemo dobiti pomoću niza mjerenja koja ćemo vršiti uz pomoć GPS čipa pametnog telefona te obraditi pomoću aplikacija Geo++ Rinex Logger, Rinex ON i RTKlib.Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are all systems that use satellites for determining position. In this paper GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou will be tested to determine which system is most precise. We will get the data using series of measurments which will be done using a smartphone's GPS chip and processed through Geo++ Rinex Logger, Rinex ON and RTKlib applications
Development of a proactive procedure for planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures
No full textPostojeća metodologija planiranja i upravljanja operacijama vojnih aviona visokih performansa u obuci pilota u fleksibilnim strukturama zračnog prostora bazira se na privremenoj dodjeli struktura vojnim ili civilnim korisnicima. Dodjela se provodi prema prethodnim rezervacijama na način da u najvećoj mogućoj mjeri odgovara realnom vremenu provedbe operacija vojnih aviona. Operacije vojnih aviona visokih performansa u obuci pilota u fleksibilnim strukturama zračnog prostora provode se radi ostvarivanja dodijeljene misije u zadanom vremenskom okviru. Uvjetovane su ograničenjima i međusobnom interakcijom programa letačke obuke, raspoloživosti letačkog sastava, raspoloživosti aviona i značajki struktura zračnog prostora koje se koriste. U radu je predložen proaktivni model planiranja i upravljanja operacijama vojnih aviona visokih performansa u obuci pilota koji uvažava specifičnosti prometne potražnje civilnih zrakoplova u fleksibilnim strukturama zračnog prostora. U cilju smanjenja utjecaja operacija vojnih aviona na civilni zračni promet planiranje uporabe fleksibilnih struktura zračnog prostora provodi se na temelju podataka o lokalnom dnevnom minimumu broja letova civilnih zrakoplova na koje se utječe uporabom fleksibilnih struktura zračnog prostora. Rezultati proaktivnog planiranja i upravljanja operacijama vojnih aviona visokih performansa u pilotskoj obuci u fleksibilnim strukturama zračnog prostora ukazuju da je moguće upravljati njihovim utjecajem na civilni zračni promet i unaprijediti zajedničku uporabu fleksibilnih struktura zračnog prostora. Učinak proaktivnog planiranja očituje se u poboljšanju indikatora učinkovitosti kroz smanjenje potrošnje goriva i emisije onečišćivača te kroz smanjenje gubitaka kontrole zračne plovidbe.Military flights are separated from civilian flights by the use of flexible airspace structures that restrict access to civilian users. This approach is becoming less and less rigid and increasingly cooperative. There is a clear need to adapt existing airspace and air traffic flow management models to increase cost-effectiveness and reduce the negative impact of military flights on commercial air traffic. A prerequisite for this is to research the specifics of the functioning of military airspace users and their impact on civilian air traffic. It is necessary to research the specifics of military flying requirements and determine the limits of the range of optimization according to the unacceptable level of impact on the ability to perform military tasks. The existing methodology for planning and management of the training operations of high-performance military aircraft in flexible airspace structures is based on a temporary allocation of structures to either military or civilian users. The allocation is performed according to previous reservations in a way that corresponds as much as possible to real-time military aircraft operations. The aim of the research conducted within the doctoral dissertation is to develop a new procedure for proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures. The hypothesis set out in the paper is: "Proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations can manage their impact on civil air traffic and improve the joint use of flexible airspace structures." Expected doctoral thesis original scientific contributions are: 1. A new process for proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures; 2. Defining parameters for the evaluation of proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures; 3. Defining indicators of the effectiveness of proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures. The paper is structured in six parts. The introductory chapter of the paper describes the problem and the motivation for its research and presents an overview of previous research. The goal of the research as well as the basic hypothesis of the doctoral thesis and the scientific contribution is presented. In the second chapter, the Legislative Framework of Airspace Management, an overview of the international legal framework of ATM, the European legislative framework of airspace management and the legislative framework of airspace management in the Republic of Croatia is given from the aspect of civil-military airspace management. High-performance military aircraft training operations in flexible airspace structures designed to achieve the assigned mission within a given time frame are pre-determined by the limitations and interactions of the flight training syllabus, availability of pilots and aircraft and peculiarities of airspace structures used. In the third chapter, the process of planning and implementation of high-performance military aircraft flying in pilot training is elaborated through its components and organization of flying. The flight training program, the availability of pilots and aircraft, and the specifics of airspace structures in the Republic of Croatia used for the purpose of military pilots training on high-performance aircraft are described. The structure of the daily process of planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training is elaborated. The notions of start time and exit at start time that shape daily flight planning are given. The process of creating a daily flight plan for a squadron is shown. In the fourth chapter, the impact of the use of flexible airspace structures on civil air traffic, the time of day exit as an organizational form of high-performance military aircraft flying in pilot training is elaborated. The results of the research performed on flexible airspace structures used for high - performance military aircraft pilot training are presented. The analysis of traffic demand in these airspace structures represents the foundation for further research into the impact of high-performance military aircraft flying on pilot training in flexible airspace structures. The existing performance indicators of civil-military air traffic management are explained and new parameters for evaluation and indicators of efficiency of planning and management of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures are introduced. The paper proposes a proactive model for planning and managing the training operations of high - performance military aircraft that takes into account the specifics of civil aircraft traffic demand in flexible airspace structures. In order to reduce the impact of military aircraft operations on civil air traffic, the planning of the use of flexible airspace structures is carried out on the basis of data on the local daily minimum number of civil aircraft flights affected by the use of flexible airspace structures. The fifth chapter presents the results of the simulation of the impact of the use of flexible airspace structures on the operations of civilian airspace users. The data obtained using the computer program NEST (Network Strategic Tool) are the basis for creating a database of exits with daily minimums of civil air traffic in flexible airspace structures. The similarity of the distribution of the values of the number of actual and simulated flights of civil aircraft was confirmed for the entire research period. The algorithm for the planning and management of high-performance military aircraft operations in pilot training is explained. The Esquire program developed to enable experimentation with the proposed proactive model of planning and managing high-performance military aircraft operations in pilot training in flexible airspace structures is presented. Simulation scenarios are developed for the single-track (existing), the multi-track, the two-track and the segregated model, and the proactive planning simulation of all the above scenarios are presented. The analysis of the results of all conducted simulation scenarios was performed using the proposed evaluation parameters and performance indicators for planning and managing high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures. By comparing the planning model, the set scientific hypothesis is confirmed and the scientific contribution of the paper is verified. The conclusion explains the relevance of the research, emphasizes the contribution to the development of the new model and points to the area of further research based on the acquired knowledge on the impact of planning and managing operations of high-performance military aircraft in pilot training in flexible airspace structures on civil air traffic. The results of proactive planning and management of high-performance military aircraft training operations in flexible airspace structures indicate the ability to manage their impact on civil air traffic and to improve the joint use of flexible airspace structures. The effect of proactive planning is reflected in the improvement of efficiency indicators through the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions and through the reduction of air traffic control losses