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Analysis of Road Traffic Safety in the City of Žepče in Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textPromet i prometne djelatnosti imaju snažan utjecaj na društvenu i gospodarsku zajednicu
u cjelini. Općenitim razvojem društvene i gospodarske zajednice, samim time i porastom potrebe
za mobilnosti, bilježi se i porast negativnih učinaka porasta prometa, kao što su broj prometnih
nezgoda, kako onih bez ozljeđenih osoba, tako i onih sa smrtno stradalim osobama, izazivanje
materijalne štete, te vremenskih gubitaka. Glavna zadaća cestovnog prometnog sustava je
osigurati najveću moguću razinu sigurnosti svih sudionika prometa pa je tako i osnovni cilj ovog
diplomskog rada analizirati i obraditi podatke o prometnim nesrećama u svrhu prijedloga mjera
za povećanje sigurnosti cestovnog prometa. U ovom diplomskog radu izvršena je analiza
cestovnih prometnih nesreća koje su se dogodile na području grada Žepče u Bosni i Hercegovini
na temelju dobivenih podataka od strane MUP-a te je izvršena je analiza prometnih nesreća sa
ciljem povećanja razine sigurnosti. Nakon analize promatranih područja predložene su mjere
rješenja koje bi smanjile broj prometnih nesreća i povećale sigurnost cestovnog prometa na
promatranom području. Predložene mjere prikazane su i analizirane pomoću programskih alata
AutoCad i PTV Vissim Student Version.Traffic and traffic activities have a strong influence on the social and economic
community as a whole. With the general development of the social and economic community,
and therefore with the increase in the need for mobility, there is also an increase in the negative
effects of the increase in traffic, such as the number of traffic accidents, both those without
injuries and those with fatalities, causing material damage, and time losses. The main task of the
road transport system is to ensure the highest possible level of safety for all traffic participants,
so the main goal of this thesis is to analyze and process data on traffic accidents for the purpose
of proposing measures to increase road traffic safety. . In this thesis, an analysis of road traffic
accidents that occurred in the area of the city of Žepče in Bosnia and Herzegovina , based on the
data obtained by the Ministry of Interior, and an analysis of traffic accidents was carried out with
the aim of increasing the level of safety. . After the analysis, solution measures were proposed
that would reduce the number of traffic accidents and increase the safety of road traffic in the
observed area. The proposed measures are presented and analyzed using the software tools
AutoCad and PTV Vissim Student Version
Analysis of Routine and Periodic maintenance of Roads in Krapinsko - zagorska County
No full textOdržavanje prometnica i njoj pratećih objekata jedan je od najbitnijih elemenata
kojima se osigurava sigurnost i nesmetano odvijanje prometa na njima. Kako bi se ti
uvjeti zadovoljili važno je poznavanje i poštivanje zakonske regulative prilikom
organizacije plana održavanja i samog fizičkog procesa održavanja. Spomenuta
zakonska regulativa analizirana je u radu. Nadležno tijelo zaduženo za održavanje
cesta na području Krapinsko- zagorske županije je Županijska uprava za ceste sa
sjedištem u Pregradi koja obavlja poslove održavanja županijskih i lokalnih cesta.
Analiza mreže županijskih i lokalnih cesta provedena je na temelju postojećeg stanja i
istaknute su najbitnije značajke. Zakonom su određene dvije vrste održavanja, a to su
redovito održavanje cesta koje predstavlja radove manjeg opsega te se obavljaju
neprekidno tokom cijele godine i izvanredno održavanje koje označava radove većeg
opsega koji se planiraju dugoročno zbog zahtjevnosti. Spomenuta održavanja čine
sustav nad kojim je provedena analiza.The maintenance of roads and related facilities is one of the most important
elements that ensure safety and smooth traffic flow on roads. In order to satisfy these
conditions, it is important to know and respect legal regulations in process of organizing
the maintenance plan and the physical maintenance process itself. Legal regulatnions
are analyzed in this work. The County Road Administration is competent authority in
charge of road maintenance in the Krapina-Zagorje County with its headquarters in
Pregrada. They perform the maintenance of county and local roads. Analysis of the
network of county and local roads was carried out based on the existing conditions and
most important features were highlighted. The law defines two types of maintenance,
first one is routine road maintenance, which represents works of a smaller extent and
is carried out continuously throughout the year. The second one is periodic
maintenance, which represents works of a larger extent that are planned for long term
due to the demands. The mentioned maintenances form the system on which the
analysis was carried out
Occurrences During Aircraft Stalling
No full textOsnovne aerodinamičke sile koje djeluju na zrakoplov u letu su sila uzgona, otpora,
potiska/vučna sila i težina. One moraju biti u dinamičkoj ravnoteži kako bi zrakoplov ostao u
ustaljenom horizontalnom letu. Povećanje napadnog kuta uzrokuje povećanje sile uzgona do
određene granice nakon koje počinje odvajanje strujnica. Daljnjim povećanjem napadnog kuta
do kritičnog napadnog kuta uzgon više ne raste s povećanjem napadnog kuta te dolazi do
neželjene pojave prevučenog leta. Takav let kao posljedicu ima pojave na strukturi zrakoplova
koje pilotu otežavaju upravljanje, a mogu dovesti i do kovita te dubokog prevučenog leta, a
samim time i do pada zrakoplova. Pojave u pilotskoj kabini zrakoplova daju pilotu jasnu
indikaciju o prevučenom položaju zrakoplova, posebice ako pojave na samoj strukturi nisu
dovoljno jasne što je slučaj kod većih zrakoplova. Na prevučeni položaj značajan utjecaj ima i
oblik krila budući da se pojava odvajanja strujnica na različitim oblicima krila događa na
drugačiji način. Pravovremeno prepoznavanje prevučenog leta te odgovarajuća reakcija
izrazito su važni u sprječavanju neželjenih posljedica.The basic aerodynamic forces acting on an aircraft in flight are lift, drag, thrust and
weight. They must be in dynamic balance in order for the aircraft to remain balanced in steady
horizontal flight. An increase in the angle of attack during the flight causes increased lift up to
the certain point after which flow separation begins to occur. By further increasing the angle
of attack up to the point of critical angle of attack lift no longer increases proportionally with
the angle of attack and phenomenon of stalled flight occurs. As a result, various occurrences
on aircraft structure begin to occur which make it very difficult for the pilot to control and can
lead to deep stalling or spin and ultimately to the fall of an aircraft. Occurrences in the cockpit
give a pilot a clear indication of stalled flight, especially if the occurrences on the structure of
an aircraft are not clear enough, which is the case with larger aircraft. The shape of wing has
a significant influence on the loss of lift, i.e. stall, as the flow separation occurs in a different
way depending on how the wing is shaped. Timely recognition of stall flight and appropriate
reaction are extremely important in preventing unwanted consequences
Identification of Black Spot Locations for Motorcyclists in Split - Dalmatia County
No full textMotociklisti su zbog svoje izloženosti jedna od najranjivijih skupina sudionika u cestovnom prometu. Povećanje broja stradalih motociklista na području Republike Hrvatske poziva na detaljnije razmatranje i traženje rješenja za povećanje njihove sigurnosti. U okviru ovog rada pojašnjeni su čimbenici koji utječu na sigurnost prometa na cestama, općenito i s osvrtom na motocikliste. Obrađene su vrste prometnih nesreća u kojima sudjeluju vozila s jednim tragom i njihove specifičnosti. Analizirani su podaci o nesrećama motociklista na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, posebice na trasi DC8 koja je popularna dionica za vožnju na području ove županije i na kojoj je zabilježen veći broj teških nesreća s motociklistima. Za identifikaciju opasnih mjesta korištena je Rate Quality Control metoda, kao jedna od pouzdanijih metoda identifikacije opasnih mjesta. Naposljetku, po dobivenim rezultatima, izvršen je pregled identificiranih opasnih mjesta za motocikliste i predložene su mjere za poboljšane sigurnosti motociklista u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji, što je svrha i cilj ovog rada.Motorcyclists are amongst the most vulnerable road traffic participants, due to their exposure. The rise in the numbers of killed or severely injured motorcyclists in Croatia calls for a more detailed analysis and efforts to find solutions to enhance their safety. This paper explains the factors that influence the road traffic safety, in general and also specifically pertaining to motorcyclists. The types of accidents involving one track vehicles are further analized and explained. Data on traffic accidents involving motoryclists in the Split-Dalmatia county were analyzed, especially on the part of the DC8 road which is a popular route for motorcyclists in this county with a high number of accidents involving motorcyclists. Rate Quality Control method was used to identify dangerous locations, as one of the most reliable methods available. Lastly, after obtaining the results, an on-site examination of the identified locations was conducted and measures for improving the safety of motorcyclists in the Split-Dalmatia county were proposed, being the purpose and goal of this paper
Commercial Aircraft Flight Planning Process
No full textKako bi se ostvarila maksimalna sigurnost, pouzdanost, i učinkovitost komercijalnog letenja, analiza aerodroma opsluživanja, rute te meteoroloških uvjeta i performansi zrakoplova jedan su od najbitnijih faktora u procesu izvođenja letačkih operacija. U postupku planiranja leta često se susrećemo s nizom ograničavajućih čimbenika koji diktiraju mogućnosti zrakoplova u vidu maksimalne nosivosti ili dometa zrakoplova u određenim meteorološkim uvjetima. Zbog svega navedenog, planiranje leta te analiza performansi od izuzetno su velikog značaja prije svakog leta, što je i predmet ovog rada. Također, svrha istraživanja je analizirati i usporediti mogućnosti eksploatacije određenog tipa zrakoplova u različitim godišnjim dobima, odnosno, meteorološkim uvjetima kod opsluživanja određenih aerodroma, na određenoj ruti. U radu će biti prikazan cjelokupan proces analize aerodroma opsluživanja, rute te performansi i potencijalnih ograničavajućih faktora zrakoplova u izvršavanju komercijalnih letačkih operacija. Analize performansi zrakoplova, kao i mogućnosti eksploatacije u vidu potrošnje goriva, maksimalne nosivosti i dometa biti će računate specijaliziranim računalnim programima.The analisys of airports being operated, routings, as well as the meteorological conditions and aircraft performances is one of the most important factors in the process of flight operations in order to achieve the maximum safety, reliability, and efficiency of commercial flights. In the process of flight planning we often meet a series of limiting factors dictating the level of aircraft's ability in the form of a maximum load capacity or maximum range in a given meteorological conditions. Due to all of this the flignt planning and the performance analisys are a crucial part of every flight and that is the subject of this work. Also, the point of this research is to analize and compare the possibilities of aircraft exploatation in different seasons of the year, meaning different meteorological conditions while operating adequate airports within a given route. In this paper will be shown the whole process of airport and route evaluation, as well as aircraft's performance and potential limiting factors analisys in different conditions for commercial flight operations. Aircraft's performance analisys and abilities in form of fuel consumption, maximum load and range capability will be calculated using specialized computer programs
Vertiports Planning and Design
No full textU skladu sa razvojem zrakoplova na električni pogon s mogućnošću vertikalnog uzlijetanja
i slijetanja (eVTOL), dolazi do potrebe i za razvojem infrastrukture na kojima će se provoditi
operacije slijetanja i uzlijetanje te prihvat i otprema takvih zrakoplova. Vertiportovi, aerodromi
za prihvat eVTOL zrakoplova, nalaziti će se u urbanim i ruralnim sredinama te u sklopu već
postojećih aerodroma. Trendovi i smjernice razvoja vertiportova kao i primjena eVTOL
zrakoplova regulirani su regulatorskim tijelima. U korak s novim vidom transporta ljudi i dobara
u urbanim i ruralnim sredinama razvija se i adekvatan sustav kontrole leta. S obzirom na zahtjeve
i mogućnosti razvoja sustava vezanih uz eVTOL-ove, cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je razmotriti
utjecaj eVTOL zrakoplova na razvoj infrastrukture i navigacijskih procedura te prikazati studiju
slučaja razvoja mreže vertiportova u aglomeraciji Munich. Pregledom literature razvidno je da je
neophodna suradnja znanstvenika i industrijskog sektora za daljnji razvoj i implementaciju eVTOL
zrakoplova u urbanom transportu. Analiza studije slučaja pokazala je razmjernu opravdanost za
uvođenje novog modela prijevoza zbog velike gustoće naseljenosti te velikog broja turista.
Razvidno je da daljnji razvoj i primjenu letjelica uvjetuju proizvođači letjelica i lokacija vertiporta,
razina buke, uvođenje zaštitnih pregleda putnika i prtljage. Kako bi ova nova mogućnost
mobilnosti bila prihvaćena, podržana i primjenjiva, potrebno je uzeti u obzir dodatne faktori
poput osiguranja i odgovornosti u slučaju izvanrednih događaja, ekološka održivost, cjenovna
pristupačnost te kvaliteta urbanizacije.With the emergence of electric-powered aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing
(eVTOL), there is a growing need for airports specifically designed to handle these aircraft.
Vertiports, which are airports tailored for eVTOL aircraft, are set to be established in urban and
rural settings, as well as integrated into existing airport infrastructures. The development of
vertiports and the deployment of eVTOL aircraft are guided by standards and regulations set by
relevant authorities. Concurrent with this innovative approach to transporting people and goods
across both urban and rural landscapes, a suitable air traffic control system is under
development.
Given the specific requirements and potential for eVTOL-related systems, this paper aims to
explore the impact of eVTOL aircraft on infrastructure and navigational procedures, showcasing
a case study on the development of a vertiport network in the Munich area. The literature review
highlights the critical importance of collaboration between academia and the industry for the
advancement and integration of eVTOL aircraft into urban transportation. The case study analysis
provides a compelling rationale for adopting this new mode of transport, driven by high
population density and significant tourist numbers. The future growth and adoption of these
aircraft will depend on factors such as manufacturer requirements and specifications, vertiport
locations, noise pollution, and the implementation of security measures for passengers and their
belongings. For this innovative mobility solution to gain acceptance, support, and practical
application, it is crucial to address additional considerations like insurance and liability in
emergency situations, environmental sustainability, affordability, and the impact on urban
quality of life
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application in Firefighting Operations
No full textUpotreba bespilotnih zrakoplova ili dronova ima širok spektar primjena, uključujući
sport, rekreaciju, komercijalne svrhe i vojne operacije. U civilnom sektoru, bespilotni
zrakoplovi su postali nezamjenjivi alati koji omogućuju brzu reakciju i precizno obavljanje
zadataka koji bi inače bili zahtjevni ili opasni za ljude. To se odnosi i na primjenu u
protupožarstvu, gdje su bespilotni zrakoplovi postali standardna oprema, omogućujući brzo
otkrivanje izvora požara, praćenje njegovog širenja, te pristup teško dostupnim ili opasnim
područjima gdje ljudski život može biti ugrožen. Različiti modeli bespilotnih letjelica nude
specifične funkcionalnosti u protupožarstvu, a njihova oprema može se prilagoditi ovisno o
vrsti intervencije, primjerice dodavanjem termalnih kamera, senzora dima ili sustava za
ispuštanje vode.
Republika Hrvatska također je prepoznala potencijal ove tehnologije te je integrirala
različite modele bespilotnih letjelica u svoj sustav za određene operacije u protupožarstvu,
čime se povećala učinkovitost i sigurnost vatrogasnih intervencija. Iako trenutna rješenja već
pokazuju značajano poboljšanje u protupožarnim operacijama, budućnost donosi još mnogo
prostora za inovacije i daljnji napredak, što će omogućiti još širu i sofisticiraniju primjenu
bespilotnih letjelica u borbi protiv požara i drugim hitnim situacijama.The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones spans a wide range of
applications, including sports, recreation, commercial purposes, and military operations. In
the civil sector, UAVs have become indispensable tools that enable rapid response and precise
execution of tasks that would otherwise be challenging or hazardous for humans. This is
particularly relevant in firefighting, where UAVs have become standard equipment, allowing
for the quick detection of fire sources, monitoring of fire spread, and access to hard-to-reach
or dangerous areas where human life may be at risk. Different models of UAVs offer specific
functionalities in firefighting, and their equipment can be customized to the type of
intervention, such as the addition of thermal cameras, smoke sensors, or water release
systems.
Croatia has also recognized the potential of this technology and has integrated various
models of UAVs into its system for specific firefighting operations, thereby enhancing the
efficiency and safety of firefighting interventions. While current solutions already
demonstrate significant improvements in fire operations, the future holds considerable
potential for innovation and further advancement, which will allow for an even broader and
more sophisticated use of drones in combating fires and other emergency situations
Process Optimization in Refrigerated Warehouse
No full textSkladište predstavlja jedan od elemenata opskrbnog lanca koji ima značajnu ulogu u
tokovima robe od mjesta proizvodnje do mjesta potrošnje. Skladišni procesi utječu na
funkcioniranje cjelokupnog skladišnog sustava kroz sljedeće aktivnosti: zaprimanje robe,
pohrana robe, komisioniranje te u konačnici otprema robe prema krajnjem potrošaču.
Optimizaciju skladišnih procesa moguće je realizirati u svim prethodno navedenim
aktivnostima te je u predmetnom radu naglasak stavljen na analizu logističkih procesa skladišta
posebnog temperaturnog režima vodećeg logističkog lanca u Hrvatskoj i prijedloge
optimizacije kao rezultate analize istog.The warehouse is one of the elements of the supply chain that has a significant role in
the flow of goods from the place of production to the place of consumption. Warehouse
processes affect the functioning of the entire warehousing system through the following
activities: receipt of goods, storage of goods, commissioning and ultimately delivery of goods
to the final consumer. Optimization of warehouse processes can be realized in all the above
activities, and in this paper emphasis will be placed on the analysis of logistics processes in
specific temperature regime warehouse of the leading logistic company in Croatia and
optimization proposals as a result of analysis
Electric Vehicles Motors and Control Systems
No full textPogonski motori i upravljački uređaji ključni su dijelovi električnih vozila. Pogonski motori
pretvaraju električnu energiju iz baterija u mehaničku energiju koja pokreće vozilo. Najčešće se
koriste trofazni asinkroni motori ili motori s trajnim magnetima, koji su učinkoviti i omogućuju
visoke performanse uz malu težinu. S druge strane, upravljački uređaji (ili kontroleri) reguliraju
rad motora upravljajući naponom i strujom kako bi prilagodili brzinu i okretni moment prema
zahtjevima vozača. Također upravljaju rekuperacijom energije, što omogućuje vraćanje energije u
bateriju tijekom kočenja. Upravljački uređaji optimiziraju rad motora, poboljšavajući ukupnu
učinkovitost i performanse vozila. Ova sinergija motora i upravljačkih uređaja omogućuje
električnim vozilima visoku energetsku učinkovitost, brzi odaziv na upute vozača i ugodnu vožnju.Drive motors and control devices are key components of electric vehicles. Drive motors convert
electrical energy from batteries into mechanical energy that powers the vehicle. The most
commonly used are three-phase asynchronous motors or motors with permanent magnets, which
are efficient and provide high performance with low weight. On the other hand, control devices
(or controllers) regulate the motor's operation by managing voltage and current to adjust speed and
torque according to the driver's demands. They also manage energy recuperation, allowing energy
to be returned to the battery during braking. Control devices optimize motor performance,
enhancing the overall efficiency and performance of the vehicle. This synergy between motors and
control devices enables electric vehicles to achieve high energy efficiency, quick response to driver
commands, and a smooth driving experience
Conceptual Solution of a 3D Tower Simulator
No full textDanas je proces školovanja kontrolora zračnog prometa postao gotovo nemoguć bez
upotrebe simulatora. Nekoć je izrada simulatora bilo skup i zahtjevan posao koji su mogli
priuštit samo neki školski centri, ali danas je računalna tehnika toliko napredovala da je
simulator moguće izraditi korištenjem uobičajenih računalnih komponenti koje se mogu kupiti
u bilo kojoj trgovini računalne opreme. U ovom radu je opisan proces izrade jednog manjeg i
jeftinijeg 3D toranjskog simulatora pogodnog za korištenje u obrazovnim institucijama. U radu
su detaljno opisani tehnički aspekti izrade simulatora, uključujući računalni hardver,
komunikacijski sustav, namještaj i ostalu potrebnu opremu. Dodatno, procijenjeni su ukupni
troškovi za nabavu i izradu potrebne opreme. Koristeći simulatorski softver 9A-SIM opisan je
proces izrade točaka, ruta i vježbi. Opisane su moguće praktične primjene jednog ovakvog
simulatorskog sustava u budućnosti.Today, the process of training air traffic controllers has become almost impossible
without the use of simulators. In the past, creating a simulator was an expensive and demanding
job that only some school centres could afford, but today computer technology has advanced
so much that it is possible to create a simulator using common computer components that can
be purchased at any computer hardware store. This paper describes the process of making a
smaller and cheaper 3D tower simulator, suitable for use in educational institutions. The paper
describes in detail the technical aspects of making the simulator, including computer hardware,
communication system, furniture and other necessary equipment. In addition, the total costs for
the acquisition and production of the necessary equipment were estimated. Using the simulator
software 9A-SIM, the process of creating points, routes and exercises is described. Possible
practical applications of such a simulator system in the future are described