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Advantages and disadvantages of organizing deliveries using electric vehicles compared to internal combustion vehicles in densely populated urban areas
No full textFosilna goriva postala su iznimno skup resurs, što stvara velike probleme kod većine svjetskih
i domaćih prijevoznika. Postoje mnogi razlozi tome kao što su ograničenost resursa, svjetska
makroekonomska događanja. Osim toga, korištenje ove vrste pogonskog goriva ima iznimno
negativan utjecaj na okoliš . Jedan on načina rješavanja ovih problema je okretanje prema
drugim, ekološki prihvatljivijim alternativama, u koje spadaju iskorištavanje obnovljivih izvora
energije, konkretnije električnog pogona. Elektrifikacijom voznog parka otvara se mogućnost
napretka za logistička poduzeća jer bi se troškovi održavanja kroz godine mogli znatno smanjiti,
a stalnim razvojem tehnologije smanjuje se cijena baterije, u konačnici i samog vozila.
Zagađenje okoliša sve je veći problem jer je sektor prijevoza glavni proizvođač emisija štetnih
plinova te proizvodi trećinu svjetskih emisija ugljikovog dioksida. Na temelju podataka za
vozni park Hrvatske pošte uspoređuju se troškovi sa mogućim novim električnim voznim
parkom te se analizira isplativost nabavke istog s obzirom na karakteristike razvoja baterijske
tehnologije.Fossil fuels have become an extremely expensive resource, which creates major problems for
most global and domestic carriers. There are many reasons for this, such as limited resources,
global macroeconomic events. In addition, the use of this type of fuel has an extremely negative
impact on the environment. One of the ways to solve these problems is to turn to other, more
environmentally friendly alternatives, which include the use of renewable energy sources, more
specifically electric drive. The electrification of the vehicle fleet opens up the possibility of
progress for logistics companies, as maintenance costs could be significantly reduced over the
years, and the constant development of technology reduces the price of the battery, and
ultimately of the vehicle itself. Environmental pollution is a growing problem because the
transport sector is the main producer of harmful gas emissions and produces a third of the
world's carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the data for the Hrvatska pošta rolling stock, the
costs are compared with a possible new electric rolling stock, and the profitability of its
acquisition is analyzed with regard to the characteristics of the development of battery
technology
Feasibility analysis of installing a whole-aircraft ballistic recovery system on the Pilatus PC-9M
No full textU ovom završnom radu navedeni su, opisani i analizirani postojeći sustavi spašavanja cijelog
zrakoplova koji koriste padobran za sigurno spuštanje zrakoplova na tlo u slučaju otkaza ili gubitka
kontrole s naglaskom na balističke sustave za spašavanje cijelog zrakoplova. Također su navedene
i opisane osnovne tehničke karakteristike zrakoplova Pilatus PC-9M te su uspoređene s
parametrima zrakoplova u koje su engl. „Ballistic Rescue System“ (skraćeno „BRS“) ili slični
sustavi (npr. engl. „Cirrus Airframe Parachute System“ – skraćeno „CAPS“) već ugrađeni i
pokazali se učinkovitima, a zatim analizirane promjene mehaničkog integriteta konstrukcije
uzrokovane ugradnjom sustava. Izračunate su dimenzije padobrana potrebnog za sigurno
prizemljenje zrakoplova PC-9M, analiziran je utjecaj na mehanički integritet konstrukcije
zrakoplova te je određen utjecaj njegove ugradnje na poziciju težišta zrakoplova. Rezultirajuće
performanse (masa, dolet, penjanje, brzina) uspoređene su s izvornim vrijednostima. Također su
određeni troškovi nabave, ugradnje i utjecaj na održavanje zrakoplova. Na kraju završnog rada
dobiveni rezultati su interpretirani, diskutirana je opravdanost ugradnje balističkog sustava za
spašavanje cijelog zrakoplova te je donesen zaključak o preporuci ugradnje sustava na flotu PC9M.This thesis investigates, describes, and analyzes existing whole-aircraft parachute recovery
systems, with particular emphasis on Ballistic Recovery Systems (BRS), which are designed to
ensure the safe descent of an aircraft in the event of system failure or loss of control. The study
provides an overview of the fundamental technical characteristics of the Pilatus PC-9M aircraft
and compares these parameters with those of aircraft in which BRS or comparable systems (such
as CAPS) have been successfully implemented. The necessary parachute dimensions required for
the safe recovery of the PC-9M were calculated, and the impact of system integration on the
aircraft's structural integrity and center of gravity was assessed. Resulting performance
parameters—such as weight, range, climb rate, and speed—were evaluated and compared with the
aircraft’s original specifications. Furthermore, the study includes a cost analysis covering system
acquisition, installation, and its implications for maintenance. The findings are interpreted in the
context of operational feasibility and safety, leading to a final recommendation regarding the
potential integration of a BRS into the PC-9M fleet
Analysis of the performance of electric vehicles in last mile distribution
No full textElektrična vozila igraju sve važniju ulogu u modernoj logistici, osobito u sustavima
kapilarne distribucije, gdje je učinkovitost dostave presudna. Ovaj rad analizira učinak vozila
na električni pogon u kapilarnoj distribuciji s fokusom na ekonomske, ekološke i operativne
aspekte.
Analiza uključuje usporedbu operativnih troškova električnih i konvencionalnih dostavnih
vozila, njihovu tehničku učinkovitost, dostupnost infrastrukture za punjenje te utjecaj na okoliš.
Kroz studiju slučaja dostavne službe, procijenjena je isplativost uvođenja električnih vozila u
logistički sustav, pri čemu su razmotreni ključni faktori poput dometa vozila, troškova
održavanja i punjenja, kao i potencijalne uštede u odnosu na tradicionalna dizelska vozila.Electric vehicles are playing an increasingly important role in modern logistics, especially
in capillary distribution systems, where delivery efficiency is crucial. This paper analyzes the
effect of electric vehicles in capillary distribution with a focus on economic, environmental and
operational aspects.
The analysis includes a comparison of the operating costs of electric and conventional
delivery vehicles, their technical efficiency, the availability of charging infrastructure and the
environmental impact. Through a delivery service case study, the cost-effectiveness of
introducing electric vehicles into the logistics system was assessed, considering key factors
such as vehicle range, maintenance and charging costs, as well as potential savings compared
to traditional diesel vehicles
Analysis of accidents and incidents related to the transport of dangerous goods by air
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje prihvat, prijevoz i otpremu opasnih tvari u zračnom prometu,
s posebnim naglaskom na sigurnosne aspekte, zakonsku regulativu i potrebnu dokumentaciju.
Prijevoz opasnih tvari zrakom predstavlja veliki izazov zbog potencijalnog rizika od nezgoda i
nesreća koje mogu ugroziti ljudske živote, okoliš i imovinu. Poseban dio rada posvećen je
analizi stvarnih nezgoda i nesreća povezanih s prijevozom opasnih tvari zrakom, uključujući
uzroke i posljedice. Rad također detaljno razmatra mjere prevencije incidenata povezanih s
opasnom robom, uključujući deklaracije, kontrolne liste, te postupke obilježavanje, pakiranja i
osiguranja opasne robe.This thesis analyses the transport and handling of dangerous goods by air, with a special
emphasis on safety aspects, regulations, and required documentation. The transport of
dangerous goods by air presents a significant challenge due to the potential risk of accidents
and incidents that can endanger human lives, the environment, and the property. A specific part
of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of actual accidents and incidents related to the transport
of dangerous goods by air, including their causes and consequences. The thesis also thoroughly
examines the preventive measures involving dangerous goods, including dangerous goods
declarations, control lists, and procedures of labelling, packaging and securing dangerous
goods
Role of the IATA TIMATIC Database in Ensuring Compliance with Travel Requirements Changes
No full textTimatic baza podataka u zračnom prometu omogućuje pristup svim bitnim
informacijama vezanim za ulaz/izlaz putnika iz zemalja, uvoz/izvoz robe iz zemalja te
unos životinja i biljaka te prerađevina biljaka u zemlju. Postoje tri vrste Timatic baze
podataka: Timatic dostupan putem internetskih stranica, Timatic dostupan putem SITA
sustava i TimaticWeb2. U radu su prikazane značajke i uloga Timatic baze podataka
općenito, a posebno u vrijeme COVID-19 pandemije.The Timatic database in air traffic provides access to all important information
related to entry/exit from countries, import/export from countries, import of animals and
plants and plant products into the country. There are three types of Timatic database:
Timatic available via internet pages, Timatic available via SITA system and
TimaticWeb2. The features and role of Timatic databases in general, and especially
during the COVID-19 pandemic
Reliability and Life Cycle of Network Equipment in Communication Network Operators
No full textMrežna oprema operatora elektroničkih komunikacijskih mreža predstavlja temeljni element u
osiguravanju stabilnog, pouzdanog i učinkovitog rada suvremenih telekomunikacijskih sustava.
S obzirom na sve širu primjenu komunikacijskih usluga u različitim segmentima društva,
pouzdanost i sigurnost mrežne infrastrukture postaju od iznimne važnosti. U uvjetima ubrzanog
tehnološkog razvoja, mrežna oprema mora zadovoljavati visoke performanse i biti sposobna
podnijeti značajna opterećenja. Pritom je ključno prepoznati ključne čimbenike pouzdanosti,
kao i mjere za prevenciju prijetnji poput kibernetičkih napada, fizičkog oštećenja opreme i
neovlaštenog pristupa. Upravljanje rizicima te njihovo pravovremeno predviđanje važan su
aspekt održavanja tražene razine kvalitete usluga. U ovom završnom radu analiziraju se faze
životnog ciklusa mrežne opreme, s naglaskom na sedam temeljnih etapa koje čine okvir za
tehničko i operativno upravljanje infrastrukturom elektroničkih komunikacija.The network equipment of the communication network operators is a fundamental element in
ensuring stable, reliable and efficient operation of modern telecommunications systems. Given
the increasingly widespread use of communication services in various segments of society, the
reliability and security of network infrastructure are becoming of paramount importance. In
conditions of accelerated technological development, network equipment must meet high
performance and be able to withstand significant loads. It is crucial to recognize key reliability
factors, as well as measures to prevent threats such as cyber attacks, physical damage to
equipment and unauthorized access. Risk management and their timely prediction are in
important aspect of maintaining the required level of service quality. This final paper analyzes
the phase of the network equipment life cycle, with an emphasis on seven fundamental stages
that form the framework for the technical and operational management of electronic
communications infrastructure
Analysis of Interference in the Aircraft Radiocommunication
No full textRadiofrekvencijski spektar predstavlja ograničeno javno dobro, unutar kojega je
zrakoplovna radiokomunikacija dodatno ograničena na frekvencijsko područje od 118 MHz do
137 MHz. S obzirom na navedeno, kontrola radiofrekvencijskog spektra od iznimne je važnosti
za postizanje i održavanje zadovoljavajuće razine sigurnosti. Kontrola radiofrekvencijskog
spektra provodi se kao sustavan i kontinuiran proces. U okviru diplomskog rada na primjeru je
prikazana metodologija identifikacije prisutnosti smetnje te izvora iste. Promatrani primjer
odnosi se na interferencijsku smetnju komercijalne radijske postaje na tlu što odgovara
dominantnom uzroku uobičajeno zabilježenih smetnji. Nadalje, provedena je analiza smetnji
zabilježenih u zrakoplovnom radiofrekvencijskom opsegu na odabranoj mjernoj postaji u
jednogodišnjem razdoblju. Ukupno je zabilježeno pet izvora smetnji, a svi se odnose na
komercijalne radijske postaje. Zabilježene smetnje jasno ukazuju na sezonalnost pojave, koja
je povezana s meteorološkim uvjetima. Naime, približno 42% ukupnog vremena trajanja
smetnji zabilježeno je tijekom tri najtoplija mjeseca, dok je u tri najhladnija mjeseca zabilježena
samo jedna kratkotrajna smetnja. Navedeno se objašnjava promjenama gustoće zraka uslijed
promjena temperature i vlažnosti. Rezultati istraživanja naglašavaju potrebu za pažljivijom
kontrolom zrakoplovnog radiofrekvencijskog spektra tijekom ljetnih mjeseci i razdoblja
izraženih atmosferskih nestabilnosti.The radio frequency spectrum is a limited public resource, within which aeronautical
radiocommunication is further restricted to the frequency range from 118 MHz to 137 MHz.
Accordingly, spectrum control is of critical importance for achieving and maintaining an
adequate level of safety. This control is implemented as a systematic and continuous process.
As part of this thesis, a methodology for identifying the presence of interference and its source
is presented through a case study involving interference from a commercial ground-based radio
station, which corresponds to the most commonly recorded cause of disruptions. Furthermore,
an analysis of interference within the aeronautical frequency band was conducted at a selected
measurement site over a one-year period. A total of five interference sources were recorded, all
of which were linked to commercial radio stations. The results clearly indicate the seasonal
nature of interference occurrence, closely associated with meteorological conditions.
Approximately 42% of the total interference duration was recorded during the three warmest
months, while only one short-term disruption was observed during the three coldest months.
This phenomenon is attributed to changes in air density caused by variations in temperature and
humidity. The findings highlight the need for enhanced monitoring of the aeronautical radio
frequency spectrum during summer months and periods of increased atmospheric instability
Calculation of elements for aircraft maneuvers in inertia estimation during formation flight
No full textOvim radom nastoje se definirati i dizajnirati novi manevri za procjenu inercije, koji bi
mogli imati značajnu primjenu u letačkoj obuci letača u Hrvatskom Ratnom Zrakoplovstvu
(HRZ), gdje bi se u dosadašnji koncept obuke grupnog letenja ubacio kratki uvodni dio
namjenskog dijela obuke pomoću tih manevara. Kroz rad su opisani i definirani opći pojmovi
koji se koriste u grupnom letenju, vrste postroja koji se koriste i načini manevriranja u grupi.
Prikazani su i detaljno opisani svi standardni manevri za procjenu inercije koji se koriste za
potrebe letačke obuke letača unutar HRZ-a. Opisan je proces dizajniranja novih manevara za
procjenu inercije, zahtjevi koji moraju biti ispunjeni, standardni uvjeti i vrsta proračuna
različitih parametara i elemenata leta za izradu geometrije manevara. Dizajnirani su, definirani,
detaljno opisani i grafički prikazani novi manevri za procjenu inercije, njihova geometrija i
značajnost manevra. Grafički su prikazani i opisani osnovni borbeni manevri koji se koriste
općenito u vojnoj letačkoj obuci i zračnoj borbi.This work seeks to define and design new inertia estimation maneuvers, which could
have significant application in the flight training of pilots in the Croatian Air Force (CAF),
where these maneuvers would be inserted into the current concept of formation flight training,
as a brief introductory part into the advanced part of the training. The work describes and
defines general terms used in formation flight, the types of formations used, as well as ways of
maneuvering in a group. All standard inertia estimation maneuvers used for the purpose of
formation flight training of pilots within the CAF are shown and described in detail. The process
of designing new inertia estimation maneuvers, the requirements to be met, the standard
conditions and calculations of different parameters and flight elements for the geometry design
of the maneuvers are described. New maneuvers for the estimation of inertia, their geometry
and the significance of the maneuvers have been designed, defined, described in detail and
graphically illustrated. Basic combat maneuvers commonly used in military flight training and
air combat are graphically depicted and described
Application of IoT Sensors in the Handling Process of Dangerous Goods in Air Transport
No full textOvaj rad analizira prihvat i otpremu opasne robe u zračnom prometu, pri čemu se
posebna pažnja posvećuje sigurnosnim zahtjevima, međunarodnoj i nacionalnoj regulativi te
ulozi ključnih organizacija poput ICAO-a, IATA-e i EASA-e. Detaljno se obrađuju
odgovornosti pošiljatelja i prijevoznika, postupci klasifikacije, pakiranja, obilježavanja i
dokumentacije opasnih tvari. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na primjenu IoT senzora kao
suvremenog tehnološkog rješenja koje omogućuje nadzor u stvarnom vremenu, povećava
sigurnost, operativnu učinkovitost i sljedivost pošiljki opasne robe. Zaključno, rad ističe
važnost tehnološke modernizacije i digitalne transformacije u upravljanju prijevozom opasne
robe zrakom.This thesis analyzes the handling process of dangerous goods in air transport, with a
particular focus on safety requirements, international and national regulations, and the role of
key organizations such as ICAO, IATA, and EASA. It provides a detailed overview of the
responsibilities of shippers and carriers, as well as procedures for classification, packaging,
labeling, and documentation of dangerous goods. Special attention is given to the application
of IoT sensors as a modern technological solution that enables real-time monitoring, improves
safety, operational efficiency, and shipment traceability of dangerous goods. In conclusion, the
thesis highlights the importance of technological modernization and digital transformation in
managing the transport of dangerous goods by air
