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Calculation of the Ground Effect during Take-off and Landing of an Airplane
No full textUnutar učinka blizine tla, za razliku od leta u slobodnoj struji zraka na velikim visinama, avionu se smanjuje inducirani otpor te se pritom poboljšavaju aerodinamičke sposobnosti krila. Krilo tada stvara veći uzgon i omogućuje avionu da održava svoju visinu pri brzinama manjim od onih koje su potrebne izvan učinka blizine tla. Učinak se osjeća dok se avion kreće na tlu te u letu na visinama do otprilike polovine raspona krila aviona. Taj učinak može se matematički opisati jednadžbom, odnosno faktorom , koja za parametre uzima visinu krila iznad tla i raspon krila aviona. Cilj ovog rada bio je tom jednadžbom izračunati i usporediti faktore za tri aviona te budući da učinak blizine tla ovisi o dva navedena parametra, izračunati i ovisnost faktora o njima. Odrediti granice učinka te opisati postupke pilota i moguće opasnosti tijekom prolaska kroz te granice tijekom uzlijetanja i slijetanja. Na kraju rada navedena je i zrakoplovna nesreća povezana s učinkom blizine tla kako bi se pokazala opasnost zanemarivanja ovog učinka.Within the ground effect, as opposed to flying in a free stream of air at high altitudes, the induced drag of the airplane is reduced and the aerodynamic capabilities of the wings are improved. The wing then creates more lift and allows the airplane to maintain its altitude at speeds lower than those required outside the ground effect. The effect is felt while the plane moves on the ground and in flight at altitudes up to approximately half of the airplane's wingspan. This effect can be mathematically described by an equation, i.e., the factor , that takes as parameters the height of the wing above ground and wingspan of the airplane. The aim of this paper was to use this equation to calculate and compare the factors for three airplanes and, since the ground effect depends on the two mentioned parameters, to calculate the dependence of the factor on them. Determine the effect’s limits and describe the pilots’ actions and possible dangers while passing through these limits while taking-off and landing. At the end of the paper, an airplane accident related to the ground effect is mentioned to demonstrate the danger of neglecting this effect
Analysis Of the State Of Road Traffic Safety in the Area of the Granešina Local Board In Zagreb with Proposed Measures
No full textU diplomskom radu istražena je složena priroda prometnih problema u mjesnom odboru
Granešina u Zagrebu. Analizirana su brojna pitanja sigurnosti prometa radi smanjenja rizika od
prometnih nesreća. Utvrđeni su nedostaci na prometnicama koji negativno utječu na sigurnost
sudionika u prometu. Analizom stanja sigurnosti identificirani su trendovi rasta prometnih
nesreća. Prikupljeni podatci brojanja prometa obuhvaćaju prometna opterećenja, strukturu
prometnih tokova, brzinu kretanja vozila, razmak između vozila, smjerove kretanja vozila te
vršna opterećenja tijekom određenih vremenskih razdoblja. Analiza stanja prometnih znakova
doprinijela je razumijevanju prometne politike u mjesnom odboru Granešina. Identifikacijom
opasnih mjesta prepoznata su potencijalno rizična područja koja zahtijevaju poboljšanja u
sigurnosti prometa. Predloženo je šest mjera za unapređenje sigurnosti cestovnog prometa na
tom području.The thesis examined the complex nature of traffic problems in the local council of
Granešina in Zagreb was investigated. Various traffic safety issues were analyzed to reduce the
risk of accidents. Deficiencies on roads that negatively impact the safety of traffic participants
were identified. Trends in the increase of traffic accidents were identified through a safety
analysis. Collected traffic count data included traffic loads, traffic flow structures, vehicle
speeds, distances between vehicles, vehicle directions, and peak loads during specific time
periods. Analysis of traffic signs contributed to understanding traffic policy in the Granešina
local council. Hazardous locations were identified, highlighting potentially risky areas that
require improvements in traffic safety. Six measures were proposed to enhance road traffic
safety in the area
Traffic Signalization Analysis on the State Road DC2 in Osijek-Baranja County
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je analizom prometne signalizacije na državnoj cesti D2 u
Osječko-baranjskoj županiji utvrditi vrstu prometne signalizacije, postavljanje prometne
signalizacije na cestovnu infrastrukturu, uočljivost i vidljivost prometne signalizacije od strane
vozača u različitim uvjetima, Provođenjem analize postojećih prometnih znakova,
signalizacije i opreme na cestama unutar promatranog područja prikazat će se nepravilno
postavljeni prometni znakovi i signalizacija, znakovi postavljeni na nepreglednim lokacijama
te znakovi čija retroreflektivna svojstva ne zadovoljavaju uvjete vidljivosti za vozače u
okolnostima smanjene vidljivosti. Krajnji cilj je povećati sigurnost u prometu, poboljšati
protočnost i propusnost cesta te osigurati uredno odvijanje prometa. Kroz analizu prometne
signalizacije i predlaganje novih rješenja za postavljanje, zamjenu, prilagodbu ili uklanjanje
signalizacije, nastojat će se predložiti mjere koje bi dodatno unaprijedile sigurnost, protočnost
i propusnu moć prometnica te osigurale nesmetano odvijanje prometa u gradu.
KLJUČNE RIJEČI:The aim of this thesis is to analyze the traffic signalization on the state road D2 in OsijekBaranja County to determine the type of traffic signalization, the placement of traffic
signalization on the road infrastructure, the perceptibility and visibility of traffic signals by
drivers in different conditions, by conducting an analysis of existing traffic signs, signals and
equipment on the roads within the observed area, improperly placed traffic signs and signaling,
signs placed in unobservable locations, and signs whose retroreflective properties do not meet
the visibility requirements for drivers in circumstances of reduced visibility will be displayed.
The ultimate goal is to increase traffic safety, improve the flow and permeability of roads and
ensure the orderly flow of traffic. Through the analysis of traffic signalization and the proposal
of new solutions for the installation, replacement, adjustment or removal of signs, efforts will
be made to propose measures that would further improve the safety, flow and capacity of roads
and ensure the smooth flow of traffic in the city
Applying simulation modeling in analysis of the warehouse process
No full textSimulacijsko modeliranje primijenjeno je u svrhe analize i poboljšanja logističkog procesa u
skladištu, te je u tu svrhu evaluirana učinkovitost procesa i mogućnost optimiranja pojedinih
segmenata procesa. Prikazane su prednosti i nedostatci simulacijskih metoda, kao i simulacijski
programski paketi koji se primijenjuju u logistici. Za izradu simulacijskog modela i izvođenje
simulacijskih eksperimenata korišten je programski paket Arena Simulation Software.Simulation modeling was applied for the purposes of analysis and improvement of the logistics
process in the warehouse, and for this purpose, the efficiency of the process and the possibility of
optimizing individual segments of the process were evaluated. Advantages and disadvantages of
simulation methods are presented, as well as simulation software packages that are used in
logistics. The Arena Simulation Software package was used to create a simulation model and
perform simulation experiments
Analysis and optimization of processes in the warehouse of dangerous goods
No full textSkladište opasnih kemikalija specifična je vrsta skladišta koja zahtjeva pridržavanje brojnih
pravila i regulacija kako bi se zaštitilo zdravlja opće populacije, radnika i kako bi se očuvao okoliš.
Ovaj diplomski rad fokusira se na identifikaciju ključnih koraka u procesu skladištenja, evaluacije
rizika te primjenu optimalnih i kvalitetnih poslovnih praksi i tehnologija kako bi se povećala
učinkovitost procesa i najvažnije od svega sigurnost prilikom obavljanja skladišnih procesa. Kroz
rad se provode sigurnosne procjene i optimizacijske tehnike kako bi se identificirala moguća
poboljšanja u skladišnim procesima. Kroz istraživanje će se predložiti određene tehnike i
tehnologije koje mogu optimizirati procese. Također, sagledat će se sami objekt u kojem se
skladište opasne kemikalije te će se predložiti moguća poboljšanja u načinu skladištenja istih.The warehouse of dangerous chemicals is a specific type of warehouse that requires
adherence to numerous rules and regulations in order to protect the health of the general
population, workers and to preserve the environment. This thesis focuses on the identification
of key steps in the storage process, risk evaluation and the application of optimal and high-quality
business practices and technologies in order to increase the efficiency of the process and, most
importantly, safety when performing storage processes. Safety assessments and optimization
techniques are carried out throughout the work to identify possible improvements in warehouse
processes. Through research, certain techniques and technologies that can optimize processes
will be proposed. Also, the facility where dangerous chemicals are stored will be looked at and
possible improvements in the way they are stored will be proposed
Fundamental Probabilistic Traffic Flow Model for High-Performance Roads in the Republic of Croatia
No full textVećina modela temeljnog dijagrama prometnog toka razvijenih tijekom posljednjih 90 godina, uključujući i HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) modele razvijene u SAD-u, zasnivaju se na determinističkim funkcijama regresije dobivenim promatranjem odnosa između parametara prometnog toka, stoga nemaju mogućnost opisa stohastičkog karaktera prometnog toka. U RH se kao osnova za proračun kapaciteta i razine usluge cesta i raskrižja najčešće upotrebljavaju deterministički modeli iz inozemne literature, koji nisu prilagođeni uvjetima u prometnom sustavu Hrvatske. U ovom istraživanju modeliraju se vjerojatnosni oblici temeljnog dijagrama prometnog toka, specifično prilagođeni uvjetima tuzemnoga prometnog sustava, kojima se opisuje varijabilnost protoka i brzine u različitim režimima prometa na cestama visokog učinka. Time se omogućuje točnije i preciznije opisivanje ponašanja realnoga prometnog toka na cestama visokog učinka u RH, u odnosu na tradicionalno korištene inozemne determinističke modele.Most of the fundamental traffic flow models developed in the last 90 years, including the HCM models developed in USA, are based on deterministic functions obtained by regression analysis between traffic flow parameters, so they cannot describe the stochasticity of real traffic flows. In Croatia, the deterministic models from foreign literature are most often used as the foundation for determining the capacity and level of service of roads and intersections, although they are not adapted to domestic traffic system conditions. In this research, a probabilistic fundamental traffic flow models, specifically adapted to domestic traffic system conditions are developed which describe the variability of flow and speed in different traffic flow regimes on high-performance roads in Croatia. Proposed models, compared to the traditionally used foreign deterministic models, enable a more accurate and precise description of real traffic flow characteristics on high-performance roads in Croatia.
Since the very beginnings of Traffic Flow Theory as a scientific discipline, researchers have been attempting to find a way to more precisely describe the highly complex spatio-temporal characteristics of real traffic flow and the mathematical relationships between the empirical values of macroscopic and microscopic traffic flow parameters. In pursuit of this goal, numerous different traffic flow models have been proposed. Traffic flow models that are developed so far can be classified according to several criteria. According to the level of aggregation, traffic flow models can be divided into macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. Depending on the type of input and output variables and mathematical equations used in a model, they can be classified into deterministic and stochastic, as well as into continuous and discrete traffic flow models. They can also be classified according to the number of traffic flow regimes into one-regime, two-regime and multi-regime traffic flow models.
Even though numerous researchers have proposed a wide variety of traffic flow models over the past decades in their attempt to provide a more precise description and graphical representation of the mathematical relationships between the three fundamental traffic flow parameters, an optimal generic formulation of "speed-density", "flow-density", and "speed-flow" fundamental diagrams has not yet been found. The main limitation of the deterministic traffic flow diagram models arises from the fact that they cannot represent the variability that, in realistic traffic flow conditions, is present in the values of all macroscopic and microscopic traffic flow parameters.
Traffic flow, by its inherent characteristics, exhibits a pronounced stochastic behavior. This stochasticity primarily arises from the complex and variable spatio-temporal interactions among vehicles in the traffic flow and secondly it is caused by the differences in the type, complexity, and the structure of the traffic flow, as well as by the differences in relevant road design and infrastructure elements and road environment characteristics. Furthermore, differences in imposed speed limits, prevailing traffic conditions, vehicle dynamic characteristics, driver behavioral characteristics, and prevailing weather conditions also contribute to the stochastic nature of traffic flow. Consequently, the behavior of real traffic flow cannot be accurately represented solely based on deterministic analytical expressions that are used to describe the mathematical relations between the aggregated average values of speed, flow and density.
In order to mathematically express the random fluctuations of traffic flow parameters values, it is necessary to extend deterministic traffic flow equations by introducing random variables that can precisely simulate the oscillations observed in the empirical values of vehicle speeds, flow and density. Due to this fact, over the past two decades an increasing number of researchers have opted to develop various forms of stochastic traffic flow models. However, many of these models rely on highly complex systems of partial differential equations that were developed based on methods adopted from statistical physics, which complicates their practical application.
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The problem of this research stems from the fact that in the Republic of Croatia, only few research has been conducted so far that specifically address the problematics of developing deterministic forms of fundamental traffic flow diagrams by which it would be possible to more precisely describe the mathematical relations between average traffic flow parameter values on different road categories. Additionally, no research has specifically examined the possibility of developing stochastic forms of fundamental traffic flow diagram, which could be used to describe random fluctuations of speed, flow and density in real traffic flow conditions on Croatian roads.
A large number of road traffic engineers, transportation planners, and other transportation and traffic experts and researchers in the Republic of Croatia still primarily rely on knowledge, methodological approaches, and deterministic traffic flow models taken from foreign literature, primarily from various editions of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), as well as from the Handbook for the Design of Road Traffic Systems (HBS – German: Handbuch für die Bemessung von Strassenverkehrsanlagen), which is also known as German Highway Capacity Manual. Due to this fact, traffic flow models developed in other countries are often either directly used for conducting various traffic engineering and spatial planning analyses, as well as for the design of roads and intersections, or alternatively attempts are made to calibrate these same models to adapt them to the prevailing road traffic conditions in the Republic of Croatia.
The purpose of this research primarily lies in the development of a fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model that, compared to the traffic flow models defined in foreign literature, will enable more accurate and more precise description of real traffic flow stochastic characteristics on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia. This model is intended to be used by road traffic engineers, transportation planners and other transportation and traffic professionals and researchers in the Republic of Croatia during the preparation of various traffic studies, projects, traffic technical reports and road safety revisions. Additionally, the purpose of this research stems from the need to establish a conceptual framework for the further development of both macroscopic and microscopic stochastic traffic flow models, specifically adapted for describing stochastic characteristics of real traffic flows on other road categories (state, regional, local and urban roads) in the Republic of Croatia.
In order to stop negative trend and reduce large research gap related to the development of fundamental traffic flow models that currently exists in Croatian science and practice, this research has examined the possibility of developing new probabilistic forms of fundamental
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traffic flow diagram which could, on the one hand, more accurately and more precisely describe the analytical relations between average values of basic traffic flow parameters on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia and on the other hand, also provide an additional capability to describe the occurrence of random oscillations in traffic flow parameter values around their average values.
In line with the above, the goal of this research was to develop a fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model suitable for describing the stochastic characteristics of traffic flow on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
The main research hypothesis is defined as follows:
• Based on the samples of empirical traffic flow parameter values collected on representative motorway and expressway sections it is possible to develop probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" models, suitable for describing the behaviour of real traffic flow on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
In addition to the main research hypothesis, the following two auxiliary research hypotheses have been formulated:
• An adjustment factor, dependent on road category and traffic flow density, can be applied to determine the most appropriate forms of statistical probability density distributions for describing the variability of vehicle flow and speed in different traffic flow regimes.
• Probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" models will provide a more accurate and precise description of the mathematical relations between traffic flow parameter values on the observed roads compared to models defined in foreign literature.
The expected original scientific contributions of this research stem from:
• Development and validation of probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" models for describing stochastic traffic flow characteristics on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
• Selection of statistical probability density distributions suitable for describing the variability of vehicle speeds and flow, depending on the road category and traffic flow regime.
• The possibility of more accurate and more precise description of mathematical relations between traffic flow parameters values on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
In accordance with the defined problem, subject, purpose and goal of the research, as well as formulated set of hypotheses, the research was conducted through the following eight phases:
• In the first phase of the research, a review and analysis of the results and conclusions drawn from previous studies related to the problematic of development and validation of new fundamental traffic flow models, as well as to the calibration and comparison of existing fundamental traffic flow models was conducted. In order to collect data necessary for research, a detailed review of all available data sources was performed. Reviewed data sources primarily include scientific and other publicly available databases, as well as webGIS portals of relevant state institutions and organizations.
• In the second phase of the research, the parameters, characteristics, and features of traffic flow relevant for the development of a fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model for high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia were defined. Representative road segments of high-performance roads on which it was necessary to conduct aerial recording of traffic flows were selected based on the K-means algorithm. For each selected road segment, characteristic peak hours and off-peak hours, representative for collecting the samples of empirical traffic flow parameter values were also defined. Furthermore, for each selected road segment, the minimum representative statistical sample size required for the development of fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model was determined.
• During the third phase of the research, aerial recording of traffic flows was conducted by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on selected representative segments of high-performance roads during defined peak hour and off-peak hour periods, as defined in prepared field research plan. Empirical traffic flow parameter values, extracted from recorded aerial video files were stored into output database.
• In the fourth phase of the research, a descriptive statistical analysis of the empirical data contained in the output database, created in the previous research phase, was conducted in order to gain insights into fundamental characteristics of real traffic flow on high-performance roads.
• During the fifth phase of the research, the strength and the direction of correlations between the observed traffic flow parameters were determined. Regression functions suitable for describing “speed-density” and “flow-density” relations in realistic conditions of traffic flow on high-performance roads were identified based on selected linear and nonlinear regression methods, whereby traffic flow density was considered as the independent variable and vehicle speed and flow as dependent variables of regression model.
• In the sixth phase of the research, an analysis of residual probability density distributions of the proposed regression models has been conducted. Based on a results obtained by performing a series of distribution fitting statistical tests (Xo2 test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Anderson-Darling test) and graphical methods for comparing the quantiles and cumulative probabilities of considered empirical and theoretical probability distributions (Q-Q plot and P-P plot), an optimal types and shapes of probability density functions, suitable for describing the empirical distributions of vehicle speeds and flow in different traffic flow regimes on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia have been identified. The final mathematical formulation of the fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model has been defined by combining the mathematical formulations of proposed regression models with mathematical formulations of optimal forms of probability density functions, selected based on the conducted distribution fitting tests.
• In the seventh phase of the research, validation of proposed fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model for high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia has been performed. In order to validate the proposed model, the collected statistical sample of traffic flow parameters empirical values was first divided into five subsamples of equal size. Each of the obtained subsamples was then used in iterative procedure of cross-validation, whereby during each iteration, one of the five subsamples, which includes 20% of observations randomly selected from the original sample, was used for the validation of the model developed (learned) based on the data contained in remaining four subsamples (remaining 80% of observations). Based on the conducted cross-validation procedure, the values of relevant performance indicators for the proposed fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model have been determined, including the values of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Root Mean Squared Percentage Error (RMSPE), coefficient of determination (r2) and confidence interval (CI). Obtained values of relevant performance indicators were then analyzed in order to confirm the possibility of using the proposed fundamental probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" diagrams for accurate and precise description of the relations between traffic flow parameters on high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
• In the final phase of the research, a concise overview of the obtained results has been provided, together with brief reflection on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model for the high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia. Particular emphasis is given to the conclusions that are related to research goal, main research hypothesis, and the two auxiliary hypotheses of the research. Lastly, suggestions and guidelines for future research are also provided.
• The correlation and regression analysis between empirical speed and density values, and vehicle flow and density, was conducted in the OriginLab OriginPro software environment for statistical data processing. This analysis was based on software modules for linear function fitting and nonlinear curve fitting, examining the suitability of adapting more than 200 different linear and nonlinear functions to the collected empirical sample. From this analysis, seven regression functions were identified as potentially suitable for describing the relationships between average values of speed and density, and vehicle flow and traffic flow density. These functions include linear, logarithmic, negative exponential, cubic, power, logistic, and sigmoid regression functions. To identify the most suitable form of regression function, eight quantitative and two qualitative performance indicators were determined for each of the seven selected regression functions, including Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), F-statistic, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean squared error, root mean squared error; mean absolute error, the model complexity (number of model parameters), and the model interpretability. Moreover, a detailed analysis of standardized residual deviations was conducted for each observed regression model. Based on the conducted correlation and regression analysis, the negative exponential model was chosen as the most suitable for describing the deterministic component of the fundamental probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" traffic flow models for high-performance roads in the Republic of Croatia.
• Based on the results of the regression fitting and conducted goodness-of-fit tests for more than 60 different theoretical probability distributions, it was concluded that variations in traffic flow speeds at different densities can be simulated by 11 theoretical probability distributions. The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was identified as the best. On the other hand, to describe the variability of vehicle flow, 12 theoretical probability distributions can be applied according to the obtained results, among which the five-parameter Wakeby distribution proved to be the best.
• The final mathematical formulations of the fundamental probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" models were obtained based on the sum of the deterministic component of the model represented by negative exponential “speed-density” regression function and the derived asymmetric second order "flow-density" curve, and the stochastic component of the model represented by the adapted forms of the Generalized Extreme Value distribution.
• The main hypothesis of the research is confirmed by the fact that during the period from July 7, 2023, to August 8, 2023, field research and recording of traffic flows were conducted on 16 selected representative freeway and expressway segments in Croatia. Based on data obtained from the processing of recorded aerial videos, an empirical sample of traffic flow parameter values was obtained, from which the fundamental probability "speed-density" and "flow-density" models were successfully developed, validated and specifically adapted to describe conditions in the real traffic flows on highways and expressways in Croatia.
• Two auxiliary hypotheses of the research have also been confirmed. The final mathematical formulations of fundamental probabilistic "speed-density" and "flow-density" models include adjustment factors dependent on the category of high-performance roads, which allows the deterministic component of the model, namely its negative exponential function V(g) and asymmetric regression curve q(g), to be reduced to specific mathematical forms that can more precisely describe real traffic flow conditions on freeways and expressways in the Republic of Croatia. The developed fundamental probabilistic ''speed-density'' and ''flow-density'' equations also include the position, scale, and shape factors dependent on traffic flow density, based on which the most appropriate forms of statistical probability density distributions can be selected for the purpose of simulating the variability of vehicle speeds and flow in different traffic flow regimes.
• The results of the comparative analysis of the proposed fundamental probabilistic traffic flow model for high-performance road in Croatia with selected fundamental traffic flow models defined in foreign literature have also confirmed the value of the proposed probabilistic ''speed-density'' and ''flow-density'' mathematical formulations. Based on the conducted comparative analysis it was discovered that proposed fundamental probabilistic “speed-density’’ and “flow-density” models allow for a more accurate and precise description of the relationships between traffic flow parameter values on the observed roads than the selected fundamental traffic flow models defined in foreign literature.
When interpreting the results and conclusions of the research conducted within this doctoral dissertation, it is necessary to consider the following methodological and spatio-temporal limitations and research constraints:
• The influence of traffic flow structure on the shape of regression functions that are used to describe mathematical relations between average values of traffic flow density as independe
Analysis of RTF errors made by students in simulated and real terminal airspace
No full textU ovom radu prikazano je provedeno istraživanje utvrđivanja i učestalosti pogrešaka u radiotelefonskoj komunikaciji (RTF – ) koje su radili studenti prijediplomskog studija Aeronautike Fakulteta prometnih znanosti, smjera kontrola leta tijekom vježbi na simulatoru te studenti smjera pilot tijekom IFR djela letačke obuke. Općenito, jedan od glavnih ciljeva zrakoplovne industrije temelji se na konstantnom povećavanju razine sigurnosti i minimiziranja mogućnosti ljudske greške.
Za potrebe istraživanja izvršena je analiza na temelju transkripcije komunikacije između studenata kontrolora i pseudo-pilota u simuliranom terminalnom zračnom prostoru te studenata pilota, koji praktični dio obuke obavljaju u Hrvatskom zrakoplovnom nastavnom središtu (HZNS), u stvarnom terminalnom zračnom prostoru s kontrolom zračne plovidbe (ATC- ).
Cilj navedenog rada je istražiti različite vrste RTF pogrešaka s kojima se susreću studenti kontrolori i studenti piloti u fazi školovanja kako bi se povećala razina kompetencije studenata, što u konačnici rezultira i ukupnim povećavanjem sigurnosti i pouzdanosti cjelokupnog zračnog prometa.In this bachelor thesis, a study was carried out to determine the type and frequency of errors in radiotelephony communication (RTF) uttered by students of the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, majoring in air traffic control during exercises at the simulator and student pilots during the IFR portion of flight training. In general, the entire aviation industry is based on constantly increasing the level of safety and minimizing the possibility of human error.
For the necessary research, the analysis was carried out on the basis of the transcription of communication between student controllers and pseudo-pilots in a simulated terminal airspace and air traffic control (ATC) and student pilots, who do the practical part of the training at the Croatian Aviation Training Centre (HZNS), in real terminal airspace.
The aim of the mentioned paper is to investigate different types of RTF errors made by student controllers and student pilots during their training in order to increase the level of student competence, which ultimately results in an overall increase in the safety and reliability of all air traffic
ANALYSIS OF THE DATEX II DATA INFORMATION MODEL FOR ROAD TRAFFIC
No full textU ovom završnom radi vrši se analiza informacijskog modela DATEX II za cestovni promet.
Rad je fokusiran na detaljnu analizu i razvoj DATEX II modela za cestovni promet. Ovaj završni
rad bavi se primjenom i utjecajima DATEX II modela na dinamiku cestovnog prometa. Također
su definirani izazovi koji prate ovaj infomacijski model i buduće perspektive infomacijskog
modela.In this final project, the analysis is carried out of the DATEX II information model for road
traffic. The project is focused on the detailed analysis and development of the DATEX II model
for road traffic. This final project deals with the application and impacts of the DATEX II model
on road traffic dynamics. Challenges are also defined which follow this information model and the
future perspective of the information model
Tasks of the Logistics Operator in the Supply Chain Organization
No full textU ovom radu objašnjava se pojam opskrbnog lanca i njegova važnost u industrijskom
svijetu. Opskrbni lanac predstavlja veliki proces koji se pokreće u trenutku potražnje za
određenom uslugom ili proizvodom. Sastoji se od ključnih procesa, uključujući nabavu,
transport, proizvodnju, isporuku i skladištenje. Unutar opskrbnog lanca postoje važne uloge,
među kojima su logistički operateri, koji su stručnjaci za osiguranje da svaki ključni proces u
opskrbnom lancu funkcionira besprijekorno.This paper explains the concept of the supply chain and its importance in the industrial
world. The supply chain is essentially a large process that is triggered by the demand for a
particular service or product. It consists of key processes such as procurement, transportation,
production, delivery, and storage. Within the supply chain, there are important roles, including
logistics operators, who are trained and disciplined to ensure that each key process operates
and functions seamlessly
Lighting of Roads and Road Structures in the City of Zagreb in the Function of Traffic Safety
No full textOvaj rad proučava utjecaj cestovne rasvjete na sigurnost prometa. Analizirano je stanje
sigurnosti prometa u Zagrebu od 2021. do 2023. godine, s posebnim naglaskom na nesreće u
uvjetima smanjene vidljivosti. Istaknuta je važnost adekvatne rasvjete za smanjenje broja
nesreća, osobito noću, te su prikazani tehnički zahtjevi za projektiranje rasvjete. Nakon
analize trenutnog stanja rasvijetljenosti u Zagrebu, predložene su mjere za poboljšanje
sigurnosti prometa kroz bolju rasvjetu cesta i objekata.This paper examines the impact of road lighting on traffic safety. It analyzes the state of
traffic safety in Zagreb from 2021 to 2023, with a particular focus on accidents occurring
under conditions of reduced visibility. The importance of adequate lighting in reducing the
number of accidents, especially at night, is highlighted, and the technical requirements for
designing road lighting are presented. Following an analysis of the current state of road
illumination in Zagreb, measures are proposed to improve traffic safety through enhanced
lighting of roads and related structures