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Mujeres y canon literario: El ejemplo de España, la ausencia de referentes femeninos en la Educación Secundaria. La Edad de Plata como ejemplo general y María Teresa León como ejemplo particular
No full textEl presente artículo tiene como objetivos entender la necesidad de revisar el canon, de visibilizar a las escritoras de relevancia en la historia de la literatura. Se hace un breve repaso a artículos específicos en los que se denuncia la ausencia de las escritoras en los libros de texto y estudios en los que se repasa las leyes de educación. Se ejemplifica la Edad de Plata, la generación del 27, y se finaliza con la figura de Mª Teresa León, por la importancia y la notabilidad de su obra, que ha sido relegada al olvido. La inclusión no es un mero capricho, sino la necesidad de recuperar a aquellas escritoras que fueron olvidadas antes de ser conocidas
Communicative strategy and photography in Edgar Neville’s Purge Process (1936-1940)
Full text linkEl objeto de este texto es el estudio del estatuto comunicativo de las fotos presentes en el expediente de depuración abierto por el franquismo para examinar la conducta respecto al Movimiento Nacional del cineasta y diplomático Edgar Neville. Las normas para la depuración de funcionarios señalaban que los empleados públicos podían presentar “documentos de prueba” que demostrasen su adhesión o sus servicios al Movimiento Nacional. Nuestra hipótesis es que dichas fotos, se tomasen o no como prueba, carecen de ese estatuto y su presencia en el expediente es una demostración más de las irregularidades y del caos que rodeó todo el proceso de depuración franquista
Evaluación de las variables de personalidad en relación con el rendimiento académico y la toma de decisiones en el contexto formativo policial
No full textLa presente Tesis Doctoral aborda la necesidad de revisar los instrumentos y procedimientos que se utilizan en la selección de los candidatos a policía, pues se observa que hay muchas actitudes mejorables, así como se constata que pueden existir limitaciones personales que constituyen un óbice para el correcto desempeño del ejercicio profesional. El objetivo del presente estudio comporta, por un lado, analizar la relación entre la agresividad, afecto y rasgos de personalidad con los resultados académicos obtenidos por los alumnos de la Escuela Nacional de Policía. Y por otro, busca analizar cómo la toma de decisiones en el alumnado del centro de formación policial se diferencia según la relación que se establece con diferentes variables psicológicas como la impulsividad, agresividad y emocionalidad. En este contexto, los resultados proceden de una investigación que examina los factores emocionales y de la personalidad en un ámbito educativo específico, como es la Escuela Nacional de Policía española, y con ello, se analiza la relación entre las variables psicológicas y las competencias de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad y el rendimiento académico. En este estudio se aborda el rendimiento académico como evidencia de la calidad del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, siendo ya una temática tratada en muchas investigaciones con el fin de conocer los factores que influyen en la misma, y así poder identificar cuál de ellos puede ser modificado con el objeto de hacer más eficiente la fase de enseñanza-aprendizaje y los procesos de selección por parte de las instituciones formativas. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de las diferentes teorías y autores que han ido estudiando este constructo, su medición, además de los diferentes factores analizados para poder obtener una predicción. En este estudio se confiere particular atención a la impulsividad, que se manifiesta de manera continua en la población y se vuelve desadaptativa cuando se expresa en términos no convenientes. Así pues, comporta un constructo de considerable interés por su influencia sobre la toma de decisiones, y como diferencia individual y marcador de posibles perfiles en candidatos policiales, donde las decisiones en situaciones de incertidumbre determinan la intervención policial. Igualmente, se analiza la toma de decisiones, como actividad esencial y de carácter habitual en el ciclo vital del ser humano, estableciendo la relación con los componentes cognitivos y emocionales de las funciones ejecutivas, explicando el modelo del Marcador Somático y relacionando la toma de decisiones con la impulsividad. En esta Tesis, por tanto, son dos los objetivos principales que se formulan y que se relacionan con las dos variables dependientes incluidas en el presente estudio (rendimiento académico y toma de decisiones). Atendiendo al primer objetivo, se analiza la relación entre la agresividad, afecto y rasgos de personalidad con los resultados académicos obtenidos por los alumnos de la Escala Básica de la Escuela Nacional de Policía. En base a este se plantean varias hipótesis que derivan de la relación entre las dimensiones de personalidad, agresividad, emoción y rendimiento académico, así como la diferencia mostrada por género. Y en lo que corresponde al segundo objetivo, se analizan las variables moduladoras en la toma de decisiones en el mismo contexto del alumnado del centro de formación policial de la Policía Nacional española. Por lo tanto, se examina la relación entre las variables de impulsividad, agresividad y emoción con la toma de decisiones, teniendo en cuenta también los constrastes que pudieran presentarse en relación a las diferencias de género. Así pues, todo ello permitirá identificar cómo existe una influencia mayor en cada una de las personas para desempeñar según qué tareas y también puede contribuir a supervisar, con mayor acierto, la selección de candidatos, dado que la formación policial debe ser lo más eficaz posible para lograr un perfil del profesional más adecuado y óptimo
Cardiometabolic Risk in a University Community: An Observational Study
Full text linkThe highest prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been associated with obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, and elevated blood pressure due to high workload and work stress. This study
aimed to analyze the cardiometabolic risk and lifestyles among the health sciences university aca-
demics and campus administrators at a private university in Spain. A cross-sectional study was
conducted during the 2018–2019 academic year by the Nursing Department, using a self-administered
questionnaire and face-to-face assessments of anthropometric variables related to cardiovascular risk
in university personnel. The variables measured included sociodemographics, cardiovascular risk
history, comorbidities, toxic habits, Mediterranean diet adherence, physical exercise, psychosocial
stress, and physical, anthropometric, and analytical data. Cardiovascular risk was categorized into
relative (40 years). Among the 101 participants, 61.4%
were women, with a mean age of 41.3 years ± 9 years. The smoking prevalence was 21.8% (68.2%
women), 27.7% were sedentary, and 51.0% adhered to the Mediterranean diet, with higher adherence
among the academics. Emotional risk was present in 32.7% of the participants. A prior diagnosis
of hypertension was significantly more frequent in the men (15.4%) compared to the women (3.2%).
The blood pressure measurements were mostly optimal across both genders and professional groups,
but the proportion of hypertension grade 1 was significantly higher among the academics (10%)
compared to the administrators (4.5%) and among the men (11.1%) compared to the women (5.9%).
The absolute cardiovascular risk among the university employees was generally low, but the men
exhibited a more moderate risk compared to the women. It is necessary for the university to promote
health within its community, with the Nursing Department playing a key role in health promotion
and research
The Influence of Gender and Age on the Open-Mindedness of University Students
Full text linkOpen-mindedness (OM) is one of the select groups of 21st-century soft skills that are lacking in the university curricula. Our aim was to analyse the OM level of our university students and study the influence of gender and age on OM. To do so, we used an ex post facto experimental design, a snowball sampling technique, an OM questionnaire administered to 493 students and statistical techniques of data mining and multiple linear regression. The results show medium–low levels of OM and higher scores in those below 49 years of age and female gender. The variable that most influenced the variability of OM was age (82%), compared to gender (18%). The practical implications of these results aim to promote a more inclusive, active and higher-quality university education that integrates OM, together with other competencies, to make our students more competitive academically and favour their entry into the labour market.This research is part of the R&D Project “Lidera, emprende y piensa críticamente (LIEMPI-U)”. Ref: ID_2021_15, directed by Presentación A. Caballero García, and has been funded by the Camilo José Cela University, 8th Call for Research Grants
Parental Perceived Usefulness on a School-Integrated App to Prevent Bullying and Eating Disorders
Full text linkThe prevalence of bullying and eating disorders among adolescents is alarmingly high. In response to these issues, a mobile application called “Searching Help” was designed to be incorporated into school environments. This study aims to understand parents’ views on a school-integrated app designed to prevent bullying and eating disorders. Additionally, it sought to identify potential gender differences in these perceptions. Utilizing a retrospective research approach, we gathered insights from 201 parents of Spanish adolescents aged 12–18. The findings highlighted that a school-integrated app to prevent bullying and eating disorders was positively received by parents. Regarding gender, mothers were more aware of eating disorders and had greater concerns about unauthorized data access compared to fathers. Conversely, fathers were more optimistic about the potential of the app in creating a secure school environment against bullying and eating disorders. Notably, it was observed that although parents had a decent understanding of the problems associated with bullying and eating disorders independently, their knowledge of the technological solutions available to address these issues was considerably limited. In conclusion, this research confirms the gender-specific variations in parents’ attitudes and views toward technology-based solutions in schools and emphasizes a need for enhanced awareness initiatives to familiarize parents with relevant technological solutions for their children’s safety
The dynamic strength index is a reliable and feasible tool to assess neuromuscular performance in male and female handball players
No full textThe aim of this study was to explore the reliability and feasibility of the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and dynamic strength index (DSI) in semi-professional handball players (seventeen male and eighteen female). A cross-sectional design was used to determine the test-retest reliability of several kinetic metrics registered with a force plates. The peak force, peak relative force, rate of force development (RFD 0–250 ms), and impulse 0–250 ms were selected from the IMTP test, whereas the peak propulsive force was chosen from the countermovement jump test to obtain the DSI. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of the measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) were calculated. A paired sample t-test was also performed. No significant differences were found between the testing sessions for all variables, except for peak propulsive force for all players (p = 0.036) and DSI for female players (p = 0.037). Reliability for all kinetic metrics was good to excellent (ICC = 0.78–0.97), with low variability (CV ≤ 8.64%), being the SEM scores lower than SDD. In conclusion, the IMTP test and DSI are highly reliable and feasible tools for assessing neuromuscular performance in semi-professional handball players
Urethra-sparing prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy: sexual function and radiation dose to the penile bulb, the crura, and the internal pudendal arteries from a randomized Phase II trial
Full text linkPurpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common side effect after prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We aimed to assess the correlation between the dose to the penile bulb (PB), internal pudendal arteries (IPA), and crura with the development of ED after ultrahypofractionation as part of a phase 2 clinical trial of urethra-sparing prostate SBRT.
Methods and materials: Among the 170 patients with localized prostate cancer from 9 centers included in the trial, 90 men with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 grade 0 to 1 ED (ED-) at baseline treated with 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions were selected for the present analysis. Doses delivered to the PB, crura, and IPA were analyzed and correlated with grade 2 to 3 ED (ED+) development. The effect on quality of life, assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-PR25) questionnaire, was reported.
Results: After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 43% (n = 39) of the patients developed ED+, and 57% (n = 51) remained ED-. The dose delivered to the crura was significantly higher in ED+ patients than in ED- patients (7.7 vs 3.6 Gy [P = .014] for the Dmean and 18.5 vs 7.2 Gy [P = .015] for the D2%, respectively). No statistically significant difference between ED+ and ED- patients was observed for the dose delivered to the PB and IPA. The median ED+-free survival was worse in patients receiving a crura Dmean ≥ 4.7 versus 12 versus ≤ 12 Gy (54.9% vs 68.9%, P = .015). No ED+-free survival differences were observed for doses delivered to the PB and IPA. Decline in EORTC QLQ-PR25 sexual functioning was significantly more pronounced in patients with higher doses to the crura.
Conclusions: By keeping a Dmean and D2% to crura below 4.7 and 12 Gy, respectively, the risk of developing ED+ after prostate SBRT may be significantly reduced
Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function
Full text linkProteases are produced and released in the mucosal cells of the respiratory tract and have
important physiological functions, for example, maintaining airway humidification to allow proper
gas exchange. The infectious mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2
(SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), takes advantage of host proteases
in two ways: to change the spatial conformation of the spike (S) protein via endoproteolysis (e.g.,
transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2)) and as a target to anchor to epithelial cells (e.g.,
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)). This infectious process leads to an imbalance in the mucosa
between the release and action of proteases versus regulation by anti-proteases, which contributes to
the exacerbation of the inflammatory and prothrombotic response in COVID-19. In this article, we
describe the most important proteases that are affected in COVID-19, and how their overactivation
affects the three main physiological systems in which they participate: the complement system and
the kinin–kallikrein system (KKS), which both form part of the contact system of innate immunity,
and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS).We aim to elucidate the pathophysiological
bases of COVID-19 in the context of the imbalance between the action of proteases and anti-proteases
to understand the mechanism of aprotinin action (a panprotease inhibitor). In a second-part review,
titled “Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral
Conditions”, we explain in depth the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and use of
aprotinin as an antiviral drug
Género y educación sexual: desmitificando prejuicios y estigmas
No full textEntender y abordar el estigma supone uno de los grandes desafíos de nuestra sociedad, especialmente considerando que este fenómeno afecta a numerosos colectivos de manera sistemática. Todo ser humano busca integrarse y participar activamente en su comunidad para mantener un bienestar óptimo. Sin embargo, los prejuicios infundados y las falsas creencias que se arraigan en el imaginario colectivo perpetúan desigualdades estructurales y generan situaciones de exclusión y vulnerabilidad. El estigma de género, la identidad y orientación sexual está ampliamente extendido en en nuestra sociedad. El capítulo aborda una cuestiones preliminares pero necesarias sobre los conceptos de sexo, género y orientación sexual para, posteriormente revisar la construcción de sus prejuicios y estigmas, y valorar el impacto en quienes los sufren. Finalmente se examina su realidad en el contexto educativo así como el poder transformador de la educación en la diversidad afectivo-sexual