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Isavuconazole is highly active in vitro against Candida species isolates but shows trailing effect
No full textObjective: Isavuconazole is a triazole previously shown to have potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus
spp., Mucorales, and Candida spp. Unlike for other azoles, it is unclear if isavuconazole may induce a
trailing effect. We studied isavuconazole MICs for a large collection of Candida isolates from blood
samples and determined the extent of the trailing effect when using the EUCAST Edef 7.3.1 method.
Methods: 761 molecularly identified Candida isolates from blood samples of 742 patients admitted to the
hospital (January 2007 to September 2017) were evaluated and further tested for in vitro susceptibility to
isavuconazole following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.1 test method.
Results: C. albicans showed the highest susceptibility, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis (geometric mean MIC 0.003 vs 0.005/0.006, respectively; P < 0.001). In contrast, C. glabrata, and C. krusei had significantly higher MIC values (geometric mean MIC 0.094 vs 0.093, respectively). Isavuconazole MIC
distributions were not truncated at the lowest concentration tested, except for C. albicans. Overall, the
mean percentage of trailing was 12.9% but differences among species were observed: C. glabrata,
C. albicans, and C. tropicalis exhibited higher trailing in comparison to C. parapsilosis and non-Candida
yeasts (P < 0.001). The percentage of non-wild-type C. albicans (considering the heavy trailer isolates as
wild-type), C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata isolates were 0.56% (2/355), 1.5% (3/200), and 4.65% (4/86),
respectively.
Conclusions: Isavuconazole showed high in vitro activity against Candida spp., particularly against
C. albicans. Trailing effect is commonly observed with isavuconazole, particularly with C. glabrata
Brain Food Recipes
Get PDFMuch is said about nutrition, and for a relatively short time we have been talking about the
importance of nutrition on the brain and, therefore, on cognitive performance. A correct diet in
sports performance is a priority, but will it guarantee success in competitions? Obviously not, but a
wrong diet, almost certainly, will lead us to a sporting and health disaster. The same premise applies
to cognitive performance. Will eating properly guarantee academic results? No, but it will facilitate
better neuronal connections, more fluid information, and better oxygenation of the brain, which in
the end will allow us to obtain better cognitive results. And these behaviours should be avoided in
conditions where students are confined for long periods of study during exams, due to illness or
any other academic activity. This is why the importance of sociodemographic factors in the dietary
preferences of children at an early age is vital.
We could even go further by echoing the findings of some studies that suggest that poor food
choices, rich in saturated fat, salt and sugar, in preschool age are associated with reduced verbal and
cognitive ability scores.
Sometimes opinions emerge as to whether breakfast is appropriate or not, in which case the balance
strongly shifts more toward “ adequate” breakfast.
We wanted to go a bit further by analysing the different ingredients that influence the various brain
functions and/or connections, for their integration into students’ daily diets.
But to integrate this model it is not enough to tell the students what is right and what is not, but in
this case, we have intended that they are the ones who discover them; and use them to develop
different recipes so that the message reaches the rest of their classmates better.
We hope that this initiative will continue over time, passing the baton to the next generations.Brain food ProjectIntertational School SEKCatergestFundación Felipe Segovi
Efectividad de la intervención en fisioterapia en el tratamiento del dolor orofacial. Revisión sistemática.
Get PDFIntroducción: El dolor orofacial consta de una etiología multifactorial y supone un síntoma frecuente en multitud de patologías. Puede surgir tanto por afectación de estructuras musculoesqueléticas como de las ramas sensitivas del V par craneal y siempre supone una gran alteración de la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Objetivos: Analizar y aunar evidencia científica actualizada sobre las diferentes intervenciones en fisioterapia enfocadas al tratamiento de los pacientes con este síntoma.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática entre marzo y mayo de 2020 de los estudios presentes en las siguientes bases de datos científicas: Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane, Scopus y Web of Science. 11 artículos fueron finalmente aptos para su análisis, contando 2891 pacientes de ambos sexos y con edades que oscilan desde los 10 hasta los 88 años.
Resultados: los pacientes cuyo dolor orofacial cursa con alteración de la articulación temporomandibular, son el principal objeto de estudio en los artículos analizados. Síntomas asociados como el dolor de cabeza o el empleo de corrientes eléctricas en diferentes formas, son otros puntos comunes en estos artículos.
Conclusiones: se observa una gran variedad de abordajes y técnicas especificas para este síntoma y pese a estudiarse de forma individual, combinada o enfrentadas, todas ellas tienen efectos muy positivos sobre este síntoma, tan común en diferentes patologías
The Weight of IgA Anti-β2glycoprotein I in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Pathogenesis: Closing the Gap of Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Get PDFThe specific value of IgA Anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies (aB2GP1) in the diagnosis
and management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is still controversial and a matter of active
debate. The relevance of the IgA aB2GP1 isotype in the pathophysiology of APS has been increasingly
studied in the last years. There is well know that subjects with multiple positive APS tests are at
increased risk of thrombosis and/or miscarriage. However, these antibodies are not included in the
2006 APS classification criteria. Since 2010 the task force of the Galveston International Congress on
APS recommends testing IgA aB2GP1 isotype in patients with APS clinical criteria in the absence
of criteria antibodies. In this review, we summarize the molecular and clinical “state of the art”
of the IgA aB2GP in the context of APS. We also discuss some of the characteristics that may help
to evaluate the real value of the IgA aB2GP1 determination in basic research and clinical practice.
The scientific community should be aware of the importance of clarifying the role of IgA aB2GP1 in
the APS diagnosis
Gian Battista Piranesi y la Roma inmortal
No full textApenas tenía Piranesi veinte años cuando se le presentó la oportunidad de trasladarse a Roma en el séquito de un embajador. Se puso en marcha, y enseguida vio abrirse ante sus ojos la grandiosidad de las ruinas romanas, así como un panorama artístico de máximo interés: pintores llegados de todas partes consideraban la ciudad pontificia como un lugar acogedor y un escaparate para darse a conocer en toda Europa. Baste citar, por ejemplo, al napolitano Corrado Giaquinto, que llegó a ser pintor oficial de Fernando VI. Junto a ellos, se abrían camino el toscano Pompeo Batoni y, sobre todo, al bohemio Anton Rafael Mengs, que llegó a las riberas del Tíber en 1741, un año después que Piranesi
Efectos de la administración de Melatonina sobre el sueño y la recuperación muscular en jugadores profesionales de la Selección Española de Rugby
Get PDFIntroducción: El sueño es un proceso esencial para los deportistas, debido a su importante función fisiológica y a su potencial dentro del rendimiento. Se ha visto que un sueño de mala calidad afecta aumentando el índice de lesiones relacionadas con la fatiga, trastornos hormonales/metabólicos y una actividad elevada del sistema nervioso simpático. La melatonina es una hormona que regula el sueño, además tiene efectos antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y es un importante inmunomodulador. El propósito de este estudio es averiguar si la administración de la melatonina mejora la calidad subjetiva del sueño y la recuperación muscular.
Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio clínico aleatorizado, con una muestra formada por un único grupo de 10 jugadores de la Selección Española de Rugby. Tuvo una duración total de 4 semanas, las 2 primeras consistieron en la fase control (entrevista inicial y toma de mediciones basales) y las 2 restantes tuvo lugar la fase intervención (ingesta de melatonina 3mg y mediciones post-intervención).
Resultados: Se encontraron valores estadísticamente significativos en sueño, fatiga, apetito y dolor muscular. Una vez analizados los datos, observamos que los cambios que cumplían con un patrón aceptable fueron los del sueño (p=0,002).
Discusión: Dentro de la bibliografía encontramos artículos que defienden y contradicen, los efectos beneficiosos de la suplementación de la melatonina en el deporte. En este estudio, únicamente encontramos mejoras en el sueño. El resto de variables como la fatiga, movilidad articular o dolor muscular, no refirieron cambios que se correspondiesen con los objetivos planteados.
Conclusión: La administración de melatonina a 3 mg mejora la calidad del sueño pero no en la recuperación muscular en jugadores profesionales de Selección Española de Rugby
Efectividad de las TDCS en fisioterapia para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. revisión sistemática
No full textToday more than 17% of the Spanish population suffers from chronic pain. Forty percent of primary care consultations are related to pain of musculoskeletal origin and account for nearly 3% of the country's GDP. Chronic pain is very complicated to treat since only 40-50% of patients with conventional and pharmacological treatment have favourable results, but these have limited effects on the plasticity of the nervous system and the long-term treatment of pain. Therefore, neuromodulation techniques not only reduce pain and reverse abnormal plasticity of the nervous system, but also help to enhance other types of treatments. tDCS are a type of non-invasive neuromodulation whose functioning consists of applying low intensity galvanic direct current through electrodes that are placed in different regions of the brain such as the pain matrix changing the neuronal electrical potential since it is capable of reaching the cortical and subcortical layer of the cerebral cortex by applying current. Its function will be to modulate the neuronal activity producing an analgesic and inhibitory effect that is able to revert the abnormal excitability of the pain areas. For this reason, tDCS are useful for the treatment of pain, since they modulate the spontaneous neuronal activity that can generate long-term neuroplastic changes producing improvements in pain, fatigue, and quality of life for those people who suffer from chronic pain
Character strengths predict an increase in mental health and subjective well-being over a one-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Get PDFThis study examines whether character strengths predict resilience (operationalized as stable or higher mental health and subjective well-being despite an adverse event) over a period of approximately 1 month during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spain. Using a longitudinal design, participants (N = 348 adults) completed online measures of sociodemographic data, information regarding their situation in relation to the COVID-19, character strengths, general mental health, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. All variables were measured at Time 1 and Time 2, except for sociodemographic and most COVID-related information (Time 1 only). Time 1 data collection was conducted between March 21, 2020 and April 2, 2020, i.e., approximately the second week of lockdown in Spain. Time 2 data collection was conducted between April 24, 2020 and May 18, 2020, after the Spanish government announced its intention to progressively release the lockdown. A principal component analysis of character strengths was conducted. Five character strength factors were extracted: fortitude, goodness, intellectual, interpersonal, and restraint. Factor structures at Times 1 and 2 were highly consistent. All character strength factors at Time 1 correlated positively with life satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively with negative affect and mental health at T2 (higher scores in the mental health measure indicate poorer mental health). Fortitude strengths showed the highest correlations. We conducted a series of regression analyses with strength factors at Time 1 as predictors, and mental health, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect as dependent variables, controlling for their baseline levels. To test the directionality of the relationship between strengths and the dependent variables, all analyses were reversed. All character strength factors predicted an increase in mental health. They also predicted positive affect, with the exception of strengths of restraint. Fortitude, intellectual, and interpersonal strengths predicted an increase in life satisfaction. Finally, fortitude strengths, interpersonal strengths, and strengths of restraint, predicted a decrease in negative affect. None of the reversed analyses yielded significant effects. Limitations, implications, and possible character strengths-based interventions aimed at promoting mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed
Acute caffeine intake increases muscle oxygen saturation during a maximal incremental exercise test
Get PDFAims
The main mechanism behind caffeine's ergogenicity lies in its tendency to bind to adenosine receptors, although other mechanisms might be involved. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the effects of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during exercise of increasing intensity.
Methods
Thirteen healthy and active individuals volunteered to participate in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. During 2 different trials, participants either ingested a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine. After waiting for 60 min to absorb the substances, participants underwent a maximal ramp cycle ergometer test (25 W/min). Near infrared spectrometers were positioned on each leg's vastus lateralis to monitor tissue O2 saturation. Blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min after the end of the exercise test.
Results
In comparison to the placebo, the ingestion of caffeine improved the maximal wattage (258 ± 50 vs 271 ± 54 W, respectively, P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.35) and blood lactate concentration (11.9 ± 3.8 vs 13.7 ± 3.5 mmol/L, P = .029, ES = 0.38; 95% CI 0.14–0.75) at the end of the test. Caffeine increased muscle oxygen saturation at several exercise workloads with a main effect found in respect to the placebo (F = 6.28, P = .029; ES = 0.30 to 0.54; 95% CI 0.01–0.78). Peak pulmonary ventilation (124 ± 29 vs 129 ± 23 L/min, P = 0.035, ES = 0.25; 95% CI 0.07–0.40) and peak oxygen uptake (3.18 ± 0.70 vs 3.33 ± 0.88 L/min, P = 0.032, ES = 0.26; 95% CI 0.08–0.51) were also increased with caffeine.
Conclusion
Acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine improved peak aerobic performance and increased peak pulmonary ventilation. In addition, caffeine induced changes in muscle oxygen saturation during submaximal workloads, suggesting that this mechanism might also contribute to caffeine's ergogenic effect
Little Riding Hood(s) Today: Theory, Editions and Practice in the University Classroom
No full textExiste un abundante material sobre Caperucita Roja en la actualidad, ya sean estudios filológicos,
literarios, históricos, psicoanalíticos o didácticos, ya sean ediciones infantiles originales, versionadas o adaptadas. Con esta variada oferta tenemos muchas formas de abordar el cuento en el aula. en esta ocasión proponemos, gracias a todo un detallado marco teórico sobre las Caperucitas que llegan actualmente a nosotros en ámbito hispánico, especialmente en álbum ilustrado, una serie de actividades de evaluación continua para estudiantes universitarios extranjeros de Literatura infantil en español, usando como leitmotiv una de las historias populares infantilizadas más universales.There is a big amount of materials on Little Red Riding Hood nowadays. there are philological, literary, historical, psychoanalytical or didactic studies, as well as multiple editions of the story, whether versions or adaptations. this abundance allows a wide variety of possibilities to approach this tale in the classroom.
In this paper, we have first developed a detailed theoretical framework about the Little Red Riding Hoods currently available in the Spanish speaking countries, while paying special attention to picture books. Secondly, we have proposed different activities to perform the ongoing assessment of foreign university students who are taking children’s literature courses in Spanish, thus using the leitmotif of one of the most popular and universal children’s folktales