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Verbeia: Journal of english and spanish studies Nº5
No full textVerbeia nace con la finalidad de contagiarnos con la pasión de la Filología. Durante este año hemos crecido, nuestro Comité Científico aumenta y con él las esperanzas de estabilidad. Todos sabemos lo que cuesta llegar hasta aquí, y hoy llegamos con artículos escritos por profesores e investigadores de distintas universidades del planeta
Analysis of the Stress, Anxiety and Healthy Habits in the Spanish COVID-19 Confinement
No full textObjectives: These were to identify the perceived levels of stress and anxiety in the confined population, to identify if there is an evolution (increase or decrease) in time and provide health educational messages while participating in the study.Method:Through a questionnaire sent via de social networks, the participants were requested to answer two standardized and validated tests (one on anxiety an done on stress levels) and the daily adherence to a series of habits.Results: The Stress and anxiety levels increase according to the age and the responsibilities associated with it. These levels increase in an initial moment, showing a decrease as the days in confinement increase. There is a confirmed relation between stress and anxiety and between these variables and the days in confinement. The adherence to healthy habits decreases as the days in confinement increase. In this sense, we have seen that the higher the age range the more adherence to healthy habits.Results:The data obtained showed the evolution of the three elements to study and also provided tools and tips for the participants so as to cope with the situation
Autopercepción de la experiencia de aprendizaje en el entorno virtual en jóvenes universitarios con discapacidad intelectual
Get PDFEn el momento en el que nos encontramos, urge dar una respuesta inclusiva a los colectivos más vulnerables. La pandemia asociada al SARS-Cov-19, declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS),establece un escenario sin precedentes para las personas con discapacidad intelectual(DI). Diversos estudios realizados al efecto ya identifican, entre otras variables asociadas, un desequilibrio emocional y cambios conductuales que se originan debido a la crisis y al aislamiento social (Morales-Chávez,2020).Se presenta un estudio de corte cuantitativo, planteado como un estudio exploratorio. Se diseñó un instrumento ad hoc a un grupo de 14jóvenesuniversitarioscon edades comprendidas entre 20 y los 26años, la mayoría son hombres (71,4%)con DI. Según Hernández y Ortega (2016) la pertinencia de esta temática queda justificada por la escasa presencia en la literatura científica de investigaciones sobre educación inclusiva en entornos virtuales .Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el clima generado y el bienestar percibido parecen haber disminuido los estados de desgana, ansiedad y frustración de los alumnos, en un momento experiencial universitario único. El análisis cuantitativo, reflejado en sus resultados de tipo descriptivo, permitirá tomar decisiones acerca de las acciones que deben de considerarse como mejora continua del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en espacios virtuales, medida necesaria a considerar en la respuesta a la atención a la diversidad
Once-a-week or every-other-day urethra-sparing prostate cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy, a randomized phase II trial: 18 months follow-up results
Get PDFBackground: To present the 18 months results from a prospective multicenter phase II randomized trial of short vs protracted urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, a total of 170 PCa patients were randomized to 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions (6.5 Gy × 5 to the urethra) delivered either every other day (EOD, arm A, n = 84) or once a week (QW, arm B, n = 86). Genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (CTCAE v4.0 scale), IPSS, and QoL scores were assessed at baseline, at the 5th fraction (5fx), 12th weeks (12W), and every 6 months after SBRT. The primary endpoint was biochemical control at 18 months and grade ≥ 3 toxicity (including grade ≥ 2 for urinary obstruction/retention) during the first 3 months.
Results: Among the 165 patients analyzed, the toxicity stopping rule was never activated during the acute phase. Maximum acute grade 2 GU toxicity rates at 5fx were 17% and 19% for arms A and B, respectively, with only 2 cases of grade 2 GI toxicity at 5fx in arm A. At month 18, grade ≥ 2 GU and GI toxicity decreased below 5% and 2% for both arms. No changes in EORTC QLQ-PR25 scores for GU, GI, and sexual domains were observed in both arms between baseline and month 18. Four biochemical failures were observed, 2 in each arm, rejecting the null hypothesis of an unfavorable response rate ≤ 85% in favor of an acceptable ≥ 95% rate.
Conclusions: At 18 months, urethra-sparing SBRT showed a low toxicity profile, with minimal impact on QoL and favorable biochemical control rates, regardless of overall treatment time (EOD vs QW)
Interleukin-17A induces vascular remodeling of small arteries and blood pressure elevation
No full textAn important link exists between hypertension and inflammation. Hypertensive patients
present elevated circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-17A
(IL-17A). This cytokine participates in host defense, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory
pathologies, and cardiovascular diseases, mainly through the regulation of proinflammatory
factors. Emerging evidence also suggests that IL-17A could play a role in regulating
blood pressure and end-organ damage. Here, our preclinical studies in a murine model of
systemic IL-17A administration showed that increased levels of circulating IL-17A raised
blood pressure induced inward remodeling of small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) and arterial
stiffness. In IL-17A-infused mice, treatment with hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide
diminished blood pressure elevation, without modifying mechanical and structural properties
of SMA, suggesting a direct vascular effect of IL-17A. The mechanisms of IL-17A seem
to involve an induction of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy and phenotype
changes, in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins accumulation. Accordingly,
treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody diminished SMA remodeling in a model of
angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Moreover, in vitro studies in VSMCs reported here, provide
further evidence of the direct effects of IL-17A on cell growth responses. Our experimental
data suggest that IL-17A is a key mediator of vascular remodeling of the small arteries,
which might contribute, at least in part, to blood pressure elevation
Eficacia de una manipulación osteopática en personas con dolor cevical inespecífico: una revisión sistemática
No full textINTRODUCCIÓN: el dolor de cuello inespecífico es un problema de salud importante debido a su alta prevalencia entre la población general, las técnicas osteopáticas pueden ser relevantes para el tratamiento de esta patología
OBJETIVOS: analizar la evidencia científica sobre los efectos de una intervención con una manipulación osteopática cervical en comparación con otros tratamientos
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus
RESULTADOS: se analizan ocho ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados, los cuales cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, con diferentes tamaños muestrales y edades de los participantes, pero con misma patología
CONCLUSIONES: los resultados obtenidos en los estudios asocian el uso de técnicas osteopáticas a una mejora significativa en la percepción del dolor clínico, el rango de movimiento cervical e Índice de discapacidad funciona
Causas proximales de las agresiones sexuales cometidas por desconocidos
Get PDFAlgunas de las agresiones sexuales cometidas por desconocidos son delitos cuya resolución puede resultar difícil para las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad. Un mejor conocimiento de las causas proximales del crimen, aquellas que se producen muy cerca, en el espacio y el tiempo, alrededor del hecho, puede ser de utilidad para los investigadores policiales.
En los últimos 15 años, una teoría criminológica general, la Teoría de la Acción Situacional, se ha ocupado de las causas proximales del delito (y también de las distales). Entre las causas proximales postula las reglas morales del individuo, y su autocontrol, las que actúan conjuntamente en la forma de propensión a delinquir; y la disuasión en el entorno, junto a la moralidad del ambiente, dando lugar a la criminogeneidad del escenario del delito.
En el momento del crimen, en nuestro caso la agresión sexual, un sujeto se encuentra en un ambiente con una tentación, que moviliza su deseo. En ese momento puede percibir la posibilidad alternativa de cometer el delito, y elige si llevarlo a cabo, o no; en el proceso denominado de “percepción y elección”.
Nuestros resultados apoyan entender a la (baja) moralidad personal y al (bajo) autocontrol como causas de la agresión sexual cometida por desconocidos, pero el efecto de la criminogeneidad del ambiente no pudo constatarse
Somatic mutations in HER2 and implications for current treatment paradigms in HER2-positive breast cancer
Get PDFIn one of every four or five cases of breast cancer, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene is overexpressed. These carcinomas are known as HER2-positive. HER2 overexpression is linked to an aggressive phenotype and a lower rate of disease-free and overall survival. Drugs such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and the more recent afatinib target the deregulation of HER2 expression. Some authors have attributed somatic mutations in HER2, a role in resistance to anti-HER2 therapy as differential regulation of HER2 has been observed among patients. Recently, studies in metastatic ER + tumors suggest that some HER2 mutations emerge as a mechanism of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. In an effort to identify possible biomarkers of the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy, we here review the known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HER2 gene found in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and their relationship with clinical outcomes. Information was recompiled on 11 somatic HER2 SNPs. Seven polymorphisms are located in the tyrosine kinase domain region of the gene contrasting with the low number of mutations found in extracellular and transmembrane areas. HER2-positive patients carrying S310F, S310Y, R678Q, D769H, or I767M mutations seem good candidates for anti-HER2 therapy as they show favorable outcomes and a good response to current pharmacological treatments. Carrying the L755S or D769Y mutation could also confer benefits when receiving neratinib or afatinib. By contrast, patients with mutations L755S, V842I, K753I, or D769Y do not seem to benefit from trastuzumab. Resistance to lapatinib has been reported in patients with L755S, V842I, and K753I. These data suggest that exploring HER2 SNPs in each patient could help individualize anti-HER2 therapies. Advances in our understanding of the genetics of the HER2 gene and its relations with the efficacy of anti-HER2 treatments are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with this aggressive breast cancer.This work was supported by Universidad Europea de Madrid (project numbers 2015/UEM12 and 2016/UEM13) and financed by General Foundation of the Universidad Europea (project numbers FGUE001804 and FGUE001805)
Inequality in times of pandemics: How online media are starting to treat the economic consequences of the coronavirus crisis
Get PDFIn December 2019, Chinese authorities informed the World Health Organization about a new coronavirus disease that would come to be called Covid-19. The world media began reporting on this new virus and its consequences. However, reports about Covid-19 would not appear in the European and American media until their societies became aware of both the health and economic consequences of Covid-19 in March 2020. This article analyzes the online media coverage of economic inequality. The goal is to understand the formation of the public agenda, based on the impact of the disease on social classes as the main factor generating greater inequality levels, in particular inequality of opportunities as the most remarkable topic during the first stage of the pandemic. According to the first results of this content analysis, the social class divide will be deepened by the pandemic. For this study, a tool was designed to analyze both the manifest and latent content of the items. Using content analysis, an analysis of news published by 33 digital media in both Europe and Latin America from March 14 to April 14, 2020 was conducted. The results of this study show that income inequality appears as the core variable of the problem, although social classes remain important. The imbalanced access to health and education public services also receives continuous coverage in the media. However, poverty as a consequence of this situation remains an uncomfortable issue and tends to be presented in an undramatized way.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació
Educación y prisión. Percepción de futuras maestras tras visitar un centro penitenciario
No full textEl capítulo explica la realidad de la educación formal en los centros penitenciarios, prestando especial atención a los centros de educación de personas adultas (CEPA), enclave esencial para la formación de las personas matriculadas en estas enseñanzas en contextos penitenciarios. Para ello se plantea una revisión de normativas de aplicación, así como una perspectiva general de estos contextos y con una mención especial a los módulos de respeto. El objetivo del trabajo fue triple: (1) comprobar el conocimiento del medio penitenciario de un grupo de alumnas que acudieron a conocer un CEPA por vez primera, (2) verificar los niveles de sensibilidad antes las ideas de los medios en cuestiones relativas a reeducación, reinserción social o estigma y (3) analizar el impacto en la percepción de la realidad penitenciario tras pasar un día en prisión. Participaron 13 mujeres en la investigación, que tuvo un carácter preexperimental basada en el diseño pretest-postest con un único grupo, utilizándose un cuestionario ad hoc con 19 ítems. El cuestionario se cumplimentó antes y después de la visita, obteniéndose resultados que mostraron un evidente cambio de percepción en las dimensiones que se consideraron en el trabajo (motivaciones previas, estructuras de los centros, funciones de los profesionales, objetivos de la prisión, medios para conseguir la reeducación y reinserción social, educación en los centros penitenciarios y estigma y papel de la sociedad)