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El enfoque de género en la intervención socioeducativa con mujeres: un estudio en el medio penitenciario Español
Get PDFThis article deals with gender socio-educational intervention programs developed with
women deprived of liberty in the Spanish prison environment (in the ordinary and open regime). Thus,
through a questionnaire addressed to women (N = 310), it is denoted that 49% (152 cases) have had
a gender socio-educational program during their sentence. Specifically, highlight the “Ser Mujer.es”
program (53% participate in prison and 4% in semi-freedom) and a group of educational courses and
workshops to promote “equal opportunities between men and women” (48% participated in prison and
6% in semi-freedom). From the analysis of the data, a description of these programs is offered, analyzing
their sessions, contents and usefulness through the testimonies received in the interviews with women (N
= 75). On the other hand, a questionnaire addressed to the professionals who implement these programs
is analyzed (N = 66), to know the usefulness, need for a gender perspective in the intervention, and the
methodological and evaluative aspects.
In short, the objective is to analyze the utility of gender socio-educational programs in the prison
environment, according to the process of reintegration of women in semi-freedom. Thus, the “Being
a woman.es” program is found to be useful for 87% of cases, highlighting social, communicative and
therapeutic learning and implemented by 12.1% of professionals. These programs are configured as a
vital tool for the female reintegration process
A Critical Look at the Spanish University of the 1970s: The Editorial Analysis of Didascalia Magazine (1970-1975)
Get PDFLa revista de innovación educativa Didascalia, que inició su andadura en la década de 1970, compartiendo acta de nacimiento con la nueva Ley de Educación española, fue una publicación pionera e injustamente olvidada por la historiografía reciente. Por sus páginas no solo pasaron las figuras más pujantes y granadas de la psicopedagogía, la educación y la psicología aplicada españolas, sino que pretendió convertirse en guía para una necesaria renovación psicoeducativa, herramienta de difusión profesional, e inspiración de nuevos proyectos. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se ciñe a las técnicas de investigación histórica y sigue un enfoque de análisis documental centrado preferentemente en el estudio de la línea editorial de la publicación, así como en el desarrollo histórico y normativo de la aplicación de la reforma educativa de la época en el contexto universitario. Se confronta la realidad de la Universidad Española de la época y su gestión con el sentir de los profesionales del momento. Se muestra que muchos de los problemas aún vigentes en esta materia, como el del acceso a la Universidad, son cuestiones de largo recorrido nunca resueltas satisfactoriamente a causa de las contradicciones internas con las que se gestaron y regularon inicialmente. Didascalia fue una publicación única en su interés profesionalizador. Dedicó espacio toda suerte de temáticas educativas, tratando de convertirse en la primera publicación destinada por entero a la información y actualización del profesional educativo, hecho que la llevó a menudo a confrontar con las Autoridades ministeriales de las postrimerías del Régimen Franquista. En sus páginas la candente y compleja situación de la Universidad Española de la época tuvo un espacio propio, especialmente con relación al acceso a los estudios universitarios, que vino a poner de manifiesto las dificultades del sistema para gestionarse con eficiencia, y que ya anticipa otros problemas posteriores
Links between motivation and metacognition and achievement in cognitive performance among primary school pupils
Get PDFDiversas investigaciones destacan la importancia de la motiva-ción en el rendimiento cognitivo y también la importancia de la motivación en la metacognición. El objetivo de esta investigación es indagar en las va-riables motivacionales que influyen en el rendimiento de tareas cognitivas y en la metacognición. La investigación se ha realizado en un colegio público de la Comunidad de Madrid. La muestra de este estudio corresponde a 354 alumnos de educación primaria, entre los 8 y 11 años de edad. Los instru-mentos de medida seleccionados son: el cuestionario de Motivación hacia el Aprendizaje (MAPE-I), para las variables motivacionales; el Junior Meta-cognitive Awareness Inventory (Jr. MAI), para las variables metacognitivas y la batería de pruebas de Evaluación Neuropsicológica de las Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños (ENFEN), para la evaluación del rendimiento cogniti-vo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran efecto de la motivación de orienta-ción al aprendizaje en relación con el rendimiento cognitivo en las pruebas que implican inhibición, flexibilidad y memoria operativa. También se ob-serva efecto significativo entre la disposición al esfuerzo y la regulación del conocimiento. Igualmente, se analizan las relaciones entre las variables por curso para determinar el efecto de la edad. Se valoran las implicaciones educativas de los resultados.Sundry studies have emphasised the importance of motivation in cognitive performance, as well as its link to metacognitive development. The objective here is to explore the motivation variables that influence the performance of cognitive tasks, along with their effect on metacognition. The study sample consists of 354 primary school pupils aged 8-11 at a state school in the Community of Madrid (Spain). The following measuring instruments have been used for studying the variables: Motivación para el Aprendizaje y la Ejecución (MAPE-I) [Motivation for Learning and Execution], a questionnaire on motivation variables; the Junior Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Jr. MAI), for metacognitive variables, and the battery of tests in the Evaluación Neuropsicológica de las Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños (ENFEN) [Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions in Children], for assessing cognitive performance. The results reveal a significant effect between the motivation for focusing on learning and cognitive performance in the tasks that involve inhibition, flexibility, and working memory. We also find a significant effect between increased effort and knowledge regulation. Furthermore, we analyse the relations between the variables by school year to determine the age effect. We evaluate the results’ academic implications
Monitoring the Epidemiology and Antifungal Resistance of Yeasts Causing Fungemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Madrid, Spain: Any Relevant Changes in the Last 13 Years?
Get PDFWe conducted an updated analysis on yeast isolates causing fungemia in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, over a 13-year period. We studied 896 isolates associated with 872 episodes of fungemia in 857 hospitalized patients between January 2007 and December 2019. Antifungal susceptibility
was assessed by EUCAST EDef 7.3.2. Mutations conferring azole and echinocandin resistance were further studied, and genotyping of resistant clones was performed with species-specific microsatellite markers. Candida albicans (45.8%) was the most frequently identified species, followed by the Candida parapsilosis complex (26.4%), Candida glabrata (12.3%), Candida tropicalis (7.3%), Candida krusei (2.3%), other
Candida spp. (3.1%), and non-Candida yeasts (2.8%). The rate of fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was 4.7%, ranging from 0% (C. parapsilosis) to 9.1% (C. glabrata). The overall rate of echinocandin resistance was 3.1%. Resistance was highly influenced by the presence of intrinsically resistant species. Although the number of isolates between 2007 and 2013 was almost 2-fold higher than that in the period
from 2014 to 2019 (566 versus 330), fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was greater in the second period (3.5% versus 6.8%; P,0.05), while overall resistance to echinocandins remained stable (3.5% versus 2.4%; P.0.05). Resistant clones were collected from different wards and/or time points, suggesting that there were no epidemiological links. The number of fungemia episodes has been decreasing over the
last 13 years, with a slight increase in the rate of fluconazole resistance and stable echinocandin resistance. Antifungal resistance is not the cause of the spread of resistant clones
Role of Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding Protein 4 (CHD4) in Breast Cancer
Get PDFChromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) is an epigenetic regulator identified as an oncogenic element that may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer (BC). CHD4—the core component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex—may be mutated in patients with this disease. However, information on CHD4 mutants that might allow their use as biomarkers of therapeutic success and prognosis is lacking. The present work examines mutations in CHD4 reported in patients with breast cancer and included in public databases and attempts to identify their roles in its development. The databases revealed 81 point mutations across different types of breast cancer (19 of which also appeared in endometrial, intestinal, nervous system, kidney, and lymphoid organ cancers). 71.6% of the detected mutations were missense mutations, 13.6% were silent, and 6.2% nonsense. Over 50% affected conserved residues of the ATPase motor (ATPase and helicase domains), and domains of unknown function in the C-terminal region. Thirty one mutations were classified in the databases as either ‘deleterious’, ‘probably/possibly damaging’ or as ‘high/medium pathogenic’; another five nonsense and one splice-site variant were predicted to produce potentially harmful truncated proteins. Eight of the 81 mutations were categorized as putative driver mutations and have been found in other cancer types. Some mutations seem to influence ATPase and DNA translocation activities (R1162W), while others may alter protein stability (R877Q/H, R975H) or disrupt DNA binding and protein activity (R572*, X34_splice) suggesting CHD4 function may be affected. In vivo tumorigenecity studies in endometrial cancer have revealed R975H and R1162W as mutations that lead to CHD4 loss-of-function. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism whereby CHD4, and some of its mutants could play a role in breast cancer and suggest important implications for the biological comprehension and prognosis of breast cancer, identifying CHD4 as a novel therapeutic target for BC patients.PG-A is supported by Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain MICINN (grant no. SAF2016-77816-P). AN, AF-S, MaG, and AR-L are supported by the Fundación de la Universidad Europea (project numbers XSAN001907 and XFGU001903). FA-S is a recipient of a fellowship from the MICINN (no. BES-2017-080629)
Reliability and Validity of Panoramic Ultrasound Imaging for Evaluating Muscular Quality and Morphology: A Systematic Review
No full textPanoramic ultrasound (US) is a novel method used to assess linear dimensions, cross-sectional area, fatty infiltrate and echo-intensity features of muscles that cannot be measured with B-mode US. However, a structured overview of its validity and reliability is lacking. MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies evaluating reliability or validity data on panoramic US imaging to determine the muscular morphology and/or quality of skeletal muscles. Most studies had acceptable methodological quality. Seventeen studies analyzing reliability (n = 16) or validity (n = 5) were included. Twelve studies assessed cross-sectional area, seven studies assessed echo-intensity, five assessed linear dimensions (fascicle/tendon length, muscle/subcutaneous adipose thickness or between-structure distance) and one assessed intramuscular fat. Panoramic US seems to be a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of muscle morphology and quality in healthy populations at specific locations, particularly the lower extremities. Studies including scanning procedures are needed to confirm these findings in locations not included in this revision and in both clinical and healthy populations
Ultrasound Imaging as a Visual Biofeedback Tool in Rehabilitation: An Updated Systematic Review
Get PDFRehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) is used by physical therapists as a feedback tool for measuring changes in muscle morphology during therapeutic interventions such as motor control exercises (MCE). However, a structured overview of its efficacy is lacking. We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of RUSI for improving MCE programs compared with no feedback and other feedback methods. MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for studies evaluating efficacy data of RUSI to improve muscular morphology, quality, and/or function of skeletal muscles and MCE success. Eleven studies analyzing RUSI feedback dur- ing MCE were included. Most studies showed acceptable methodological quality. Seven studies assessed abdominal wall muscles, one assessed pelvic floor muscles, one serratus anterior muscle, and two lumbar multifidi. Eight studies involved healthy subjects and three studies clinical populations. Eight studies assessed muscle thickness and pressure differences during MCE, two assessed the number of trials needed to successfully perform MCE, three assessed the retain success, seven assessed the muscle activity with electromyography and one assessed clinical severity outcomes. Visual RUSI feedback seems to be more effective than tactile and/or verbal biofeedback for improving MCE performance and retention success, but no differences with pressure unit biofeedback were found
Newsgames y periodismo. Análisis del potencial ludonarrativo y alfabetizador de los videojuegos para estudiantes de Comunicación
No full textLos newsgames constituyen, en la actualidad, una valiosa herramienta de aprendizaje, ya que emplean la interacción con el usuario para ofrecer información, transmitir experiencias e inocular ideas. Además, al igual que cualquier otro tipo de videojuegos, los newsgames también tienen un poder de persuasión mucho más intenso que otras narrativas más tradicionales debido, principalmente, a su retórica procedimental: la narración de los videojuegos se completa gracias a la participación del jugador, quien vive una experiencia narrativa altamente persuasiva. En el campo del Periodismo, en concreto, los newsgames también incluyen retóricas basadas en la interacción y la participación del jugador que facilitan la alfabetización de los usuarios en distintas realidades mediáticas y comunicativas
Testing the metacognitive model of rumination and depression in non-clinical population: New data about PBRS and NBRS scales.
No full textRumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy linked to depression. An intriguing question is why some people tend to use it. The metacognitive model proposes that people having positive metacognitive beliefs (“ruminating helps me cope”) are more prone to engage in ruminative processes. On the other hand, negative metacognitive beliefs (“rumination is uncontrollable”) lead to negative appraisals about rumination, increasing depressive symptomatology. Two scales assess both of these core beliefs: the Positive and Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scales (PBRS and NBRS). While they have been widely used, few studies have examined their factor structure and psychometric properties. Preliminary support has also been provided for the metacognitive model of rumination and depression, but contrary results exist about the specific contributing negative beliefs. In this study, we aimed, first, to add new evidence of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the PBRS and NBRS in a non-clinical population and, second, to test the metacognitive model using structural equation modeling (SEM). We also add the Spanish version of these scales. The participants included 427 individuals from the general population. We confirmed the one-factor structure of the PBRS and found evidence for a three-factor structure of the NBRS (uncontrollability, harm and social consequences), differing from the two-factor structure found in previous studies. SEM analyses showed that positive beliefs were associated to rumination and negative beliefs about social consequences partially mediated the relations among rumination and depression. Our findings show new data about the validity of the two scales and suggest the utility of considering a three-factor model of the NBRS
: Implicaciones para la política educativa española
Get PDFExiste una robusta evidencia, disponible en el plano internacional, sobre el papel decisivo de la calidad del profesorado, como variable principal a la hora de explicar los resultados de los alumnos. A ello se suma el hecho de que estemos ante un factor maleable –sobre el que se puede intervenir con efectos comprobados en el medio plazo– para hacer de él un objeto prioritario de las reformas educativas del siglo XXI en los países avanzados. La investigación que aquí se describe se alinea con dicha corriente internacional y adopta un enfoque mixto, al prestar una atención singular tanto a los enseñantes como a las enseñanzas. Y lo hace desde una aproximación diagnóstica para España y sus comunidades y ciudades autónomas, a partir de tratamientos estadísticos, principalmente descriptivos, efectuados sobre la base de datos de PISA 2018. Se trata de aportar algunos fundamentos empíricos relativos al profesorado, a su formación y a sus competencias docentes según sus propias percepciones, las cuales pueden resultar de alguna utilidad en los procesos de reforma que, inexcusablemente, se habrán de emprender y desarrollar en España a lo largo de esta década. Con tal propósito, a los análisis sistemáticos se añade un conjunto de recomendaciones que se sugieren a las distintas administraciones educativas para la definición de las políticas centradas en el profesorado, en sus respectivos ámbitos de competencia