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Mucho más allá del principio del placer. Un ensayo sobre lo sublime-ridículo con Freud como pretexto
No full textEn "Más allá del principio del placer", Freud modifica su tesis, elaborada durante muchos años, de que la psique funciona en base al principio del placer y reconoce el papel del instinto de muerte como controlador de éste, acepta la obsesión de repetición como una pulsión que opera también fuera de dicho principio y se ve obligado, en suma, a establecer un nuevo cuadro estructural (o topología) de la mente. La extraordinaria y paradójica colaboración entre el instinto de muerte y el del placer me resulta útil para exponer mi idea de que lo ridículo participa en la expresión de contenidos sublimes en muchas obras de arte contemporáneo. Busto y Monge dibujan como George Eliot escribía, es decir, prolija, fluida y virtuosamente, sin estilo. Se olvidan de que están realizando un trabajo (con alguna clase de intencionalidad) y permanecen anclados en la ocupación de dibujar por dibujar. Con distracción reproducen detalles que flotan alrededor de un vacío que podríamos ver como una figura o una silueta. Esta figura permanece vacía como una descripción inversa de todo lo que cuentan los dibujos que flotan a su alrededor. Está pidiendo a gritos un contenido. Mucho más allá del principio del placer. Un ensayo sobre lo sublime ridículo con Freud como pretexto es un libro de Almudena Baeza con dibujos de Cristina Busto y Álvaro Monge, editado por Joaquín Gallego Editor (Madrid, 2022)
Slasher, rito de paso y adolescencia: el sujeto liminar queer en La calle del terror (Netflix, 2021)
Get PDFEl slasher es un subgénero del cine de terror lleno de violencia y sexo que nace en Estados Unidos en los años setenta del siglo pasado. Está protagonizado por adolescentes y triunfa, especialmente, entre los adolescentes. Pese a momentos de crisis y graves polémicas, hoy sigue formando parte de la ficción audiovisual, como demuestra el caso de La calle del terror (Fear Street, 2021). El artículo estudia la narrativa de esta producción de Netflix para interpretar el sentido profundo de un tipo de relato que ha sido acusado de incitar al feminicidio y ser cine de explotación, es decir, de servirse de lo prohibido, lo escabroso y lo escandaloso para, con bajo presupuesto, fórmulas comerciales como las secuelas y dudosas pretensiones estéticas, amasar una fortuna en la taquilla. En concreto, se relaciona el slasher con el despertar sexual y las narraciones del rito de paso a la heteronormatividad, la cual, en el caso de La calle del terror, se cuestiona desde una perspectiva queer
Health Problems Encountered by Short-Term European Volunteers in a Nongovernmental Organization in Cambodia
Get PDFShort-term volunteers are susceptible to a wide spectrum of morbidities, mostly infectious diseases preventable with general hygiene and preventive measures. This study aimed to identify the health problems encountered by European short-term volunteers collaborating for 1 month with a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Cambodia and to describe their characteristics. A prospective, descriptive observational study was conducted on short-term volunteers who collaborated with an NGO in Cambodia during August 2018. Informed consent and sociodemographic, clinical, and preventative health-related questionnaire data were provided by 198 volunteers. The health problems encountered were confirmed in a primary care consultation with healthcare professionals. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. The median age of the volunteers was 22 years (interquartile range = 21-24), and 64% were women. Some (18.2%) had allergies, 8.6% had preexisting health conditions, and 10.6% were under regular treatment. A total of 77.3% visited a pretravel consultation clinic, 39.9% completed a specific pretravel health course, 21.7% took malaria prophylaxis, 92.4% received hepatitis A vaccination, and 82.3% received typhoid fever vaccination. Medical assistance was sought by 112 (57.3%) of the volunteers. The average number of health problems was 2.5 (standard deviation = 1.5), and the total number of health problems attended by the medical team was 279. The most common health problems were upper respiratory infections (12.2 per 1,000 person/days), wounds (10.8 per 1,000 person/days), and diarrhea (6.3 per 1,000 person/days). Short-term volunteers experienced a high rate of health problems during their stay in Cambodia, but most of the problems were mild and preventable and resolved quickly. Pretravel consultation and specific pretravel health training seemed to increase disease awareness
Measuring the Candidates’ Emotions in Political Debates Based on Facial Expression Recognition Techniques
Get PDFThis article presents the analysis of the main Spanish political candidates for the elections
to be held on April 2019. The analysis focuses on the Facial Expression Analysis (FEA),
a technique widely used in neuromarketing research. It allows to identify the microexpressions
that are very brief, involuntary. They are signals of hidden emotions that
cannot be controlled voluntarily. The video with the final interventions of every candidate
has been post-processed using the classification algorithms given by the iMotions’s
AFFDEX platform. We have then analyzed these data. Firstly, we have identified and
compare the basic emotions showed by each politician. Second, we have associated
the basic emotions with specific moments of the candidate’s speech, identifying the
topics they address and relating them directly to the expressed emotion. Third, we
have analyzed whether the differences shown by each candidate in every emotion are
statistically significant. In this sense, we have applied the non-parametric chi-squared
goodness-of-fit test. We have also considered the ANOVA analysis in order to test
whether, on average, there are differences between the candidates. Finally, we have
checked if there is consistency between the results provided by different surveys from
the main media in Spain regarding the evaluation of the debate and those obtained in
our empirical analysis. A predominance of negative emotions has been observed. Some
inconsistencies were found between the emotion expressed in the facial expression and
the verbal content of the message. Also, evidences got from statistical analysis confirm
that the differences observed between the various candidates with respect to the basic
emotions, on average, are statistically significant. In this sense, this article provides a
methodological contribution to the analysis of the public figures’ communication, which
could help politicians to improve the effectiveness of their messages identifying and
evaluating the intensity of the expressed emotions
El cine como estrategia de intervención socioeducativa: análisis y propuestas prácticas
No full textEl capítulo presenta aportes interesantes para el ámbito de la educación social, desde aportes de investigaciones sobre el cine como un recurso pedagógico e interventivo.
Inicia con una revisión sobre el séptimo arte y sus propiedades al mostrar realidades humanas. Luego presenta aspectos del cine como recurso pedagógico, para finalizar realizando propuestas sobre cómo puede ser usado en la intervención socio educativa
La trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual en los diarios digitales españoles: las imágenes más allá de las palabras
Get PDFIntroducción y objetivos. Esta investigación aborda la representación visual de la trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual en los principales diarios digitales en España durante los años 2019-2020 (finalizado el Plan Integral de lucha contra la trata de mujeres y niñas con fines de explotación sexual 2015-2018 del Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad). Objetivo. Analizar el tratamiento fotográfico que los diarios digitales españoles aplican en materia de trata de seres humanos con fines de explotación sexual. Metodología. Se basa en un análisis de contenido de las fotografías publicadas por los diarios digitales con mayor audiencia en el periodo mencionado, centrándose en: aspectos generales de la noticia donde se ubica la fotografía; aspectos descriptivos de la fotografía; espacio de la representación; aspectos de contenido de la fotografía; elementos morfológicos y elementos sintácticos o compositivos. Resultados. Se destaca que solo un 10,5% de las fotografías muestra a los hombres demandantes de prostitución y a los proxenetas que se lucran y/o delinquen a través de la trata, poniendo el foco en las mujeres como prostitutas o víctimas o en los Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado. Así mismo, los medios siguen mostrando representaciones estereotipadas de las víctimas, sexualizadas a través de su pose o vestimenta. Conclusión. Puede afirmarse que, de las recomendaciones realizadas por las entidades, a pesar de los esfuerzos desplegados al respecto, todavía se está lejos de conseguir que dichas recomendaciones sean atendidas y aplicadas.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación con acrónimo TSH-MEDIA, financiado con fondos de la VIII Convocatoria de Investigación de la Universidad Camilo José Cel
Brain injections of glial cytoplasmic inclusions induce a multiple system atrophy-like pathology
Get PDFSynucleinopathies encompass several neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. These diseases are characterized by the deposit of α-synuclein aggregates in intracellular inclusions in neurons and glial cells. Unlike Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, where aggregates are predominantly neuronal, multiple system atrophy is associated with α-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy and are associated with neuroinflammation, modest demyelination and, ultimately, neurodegeneration. To evaluate the possible pathogenic role of glial cytoplasmic inclusions, we inoculated glial cytoplasmic inclusion-containing brain fractions obtained from multiple system atrophy patients into the striatum of non-human primates. After a 2-year in vivo phase, extensive histochemical and biochemical analyses were performed on the whole brain. We found loss of both nigral dopamine neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons, as well as loss of oligodendrocytes in the same regions, which are characteristics of multiple system atrophy. Furthermore, demyelination, neuroinflammation and α-synuclein pathology were also observed. These results show that the α-synuclein species in multiple system atrophy-derived glial cytoplasmic inclusions can induce a pathological process in non-human primates, including nigrostriatal and striatofugal neurodegeneration, oligodendroglial cell loss, synucleinopathy and gliosis. The present data pave the way for using this experimental model for MSA research and therapeutic development
Kidney microRNA Expression Pattern in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy in BTBR Ob/Ob Mice
Get PDFDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide.
Although remarkable therapeutic advances have been made during the last few years,
there still exists a high residual risk of disease progression to end-stage renal failure. To
further understand the pathogenesis of tissue injury in this disease, by means of the Next-
Generation Sequencing, we have studied the microRNA (miRNA) differential expression
pattern in kidneys of Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) ob/ob (leptin deficiency mutation)
mouse. This experimental model of type 2 diabetes and obesity recapitulates the key
histopathological features described in advanced human DN and therefore can provide
potential useful translational information. The miRNA-seq analysis, performed in the renal
cortex of 22-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice, pointed out a set of 99 miRNAs significantly
increased compared to non-diabetic, non-obese control mice of the same age, whereas
no miRNAs were significantly decreased. Among them, miR-802, miR-34a, miR-132, miR-
101a, and mir-379 were the most upregulated ones in diabetic kidneys. The in silico
prediction of potential targets for the 99 miRNAs highlighted inflammatory and immune
processes, as the most relevant pathways, emphasizing the importance of inflammation in
the pathogenesis of kidney damage associated to diabetes. Other identified top canonical
pathways were adipogenesis (related with ectopic fatty accumulation), necroptosis (an
inflammatory and regulated form of cell death), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,
the latter supporting the importance of tubular cell phenotype changes in the pathogenesis
of DN. These findings could facilitate a better understanding of this complex disease and
potentially open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches to DN
CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network Factor 2) Deletion Alters Vascular Integrity and Function Predisposing to Aneurysm Formation
Get PDFBACKGROUND: CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) is a matricellular protein involved in cell communication and
microenvironmental signaling responses. CCN2 is known to be overexpressed in several cardiovascular diseases, but its role
is not completely understood.
METHODS: Here, CCN2 involvement in aortic wall homeostasis and response to vascular injury was investigated in inducible
Ccn2-deficient mice, with induction of vascular damage by infusion of Ang II (angiotensin II; 15 days), which is known to
upregulate CCN2 expression in the aorta.
RESULTS: Ang II infusion in CCN2-silenced mice lead to 60% mortality within 10 days due to rapid development and rupture
of aortic aneurysms, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging, echography, and histological examination. Ccn2 deletion
decreased systolic blood pressure and caused aortic structural and functional changes, including elastin layer disruption,
smooth muscle cell alterations, augmented distensibility, and increased metalloproteinase activity, which were aggravated
by Ang II administration. Gene ontology analysis of RNA sequencing data identified aldosterone biosynthesis as one of
the most enriched terms in CCN2-deficient aortas. Consistently, treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
spironolactone before and during Ang II infusion reduced aneurysm formation and mortality, underscoring the importance of
the aldosterone pathway in Ang II–induced aorta pathology.
CONCLUSIONS: CCN2 is critically involved in the functional and structural homeostasis of the aorta and in maintenance of
its integrity under Ang II–induced stress, at least, in part, by disruption of the aldosterone pathway. Thus, this study opens
new avenues to future studies in disorders associated to vascular pathologies
Las varias caras del villano en el álbum ilustrado contemporáneo
No full textEl libro-álbum es un género emergente en el mercado editorial que está ganando peso en la educación literaria de la infancia. Hasta ahora, la crítica se ha centrado primordialmente en el análisis del trabajo de artistas individuales, por lo que no suele plantearse un enfoque sistemático que estudie las diferentes tendencias en el panorama contemporáneo. Tal y como han mostrado análisis preliminares del campo, una de las cuestiones de especial interés es la clara prevalencia de tramas donde no existe la figura del antagonista. Por ello, esta investigación centra la mirada en este tipo de personajes con el objetivo de estudiar cómo son esos pocos adversarios que sobreviven en las obras destinadas al público infantil: qué características tienen, cómo se representan en el texto y en las ilustraciones, qué nivel de cercanía mantienen con los atributos malvados que les han caracterizado históricamente. En esta línea de indagación, el presente capítulo aúna dos investigaciones que se han sucedido en el tiempo y que se han enriquecido mutuamente, gracias a las reflexiones surgidas sobre los resultados de ambas. El foco se pondrá, más concretamente, en los títulos que han canonizado en los últimos años los premios literarios y las recomendaciones de organismos especializados