Gutenberg Open Science (Univ. Mainz)
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Biofunctionalization of silk fibroin scaffolds with enamel matrix protein and injectable platelet rich fibrin for soft tissue augmentation : an in-ovo study
Full text linkPurpose
Silk fibroin (SF) is a biomaterial derived from the cocoon of the mulberry silkworm. This study aimed to assess the capacity of SF matrices biologized with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) or enamel matrix protein (EMP) to modulate angiogenesis and immune response in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
Methods
300 eggs were divided into the following groups: CM + NaCl, CM + iPRF, CM + EMP, SF + NaCl, SF + iPRF, and SF + EMP. Matrices were applied to the CAM on embryonic development day (EDD) 7 after rehydration. Angiogenesis, represented by vascularized area, vessel density, and vessel junctions, was evaluated on EDD 10, 12, and 14. Additionally, gene expression of HIF-1ɑ, VEGF, MMP-13, and NOS2 was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on EDD 11 and 14.
Results
The number of vascularized specimens was notably higher in SF matrices regardless of the treatment applied, while in the CM group, only matrices biofunctionalized with iPRF demonstrated vascularization. On EDD 14, the CM + iPRF group exhibited the highest values for total vascularized area (CM + iPRF: 57.52%, SF + iPRF: 21.87%, p < 0.001), vessel density (CM + iPRF: 0.0067 μm/µm2, SF + iPRF: 0.0032 μm/µm2, p = 0.002), number of vessel junctions (CM + iPRF: 14.45, SF + iPRF: 4.82, p = 0.001). Gene expressions displayed high data variability and no significant differences between the groups.
Conclusions
Biofunctionalization with iPRF in CM leads to a high vascularization rate probably through their capability of retaining higher liquid volumes, suggesting improved intraoral wound healing after guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Despite biofunctionalization, SF matrices exhibit a high vascularization, indicating SF as a promising material for GTR
Psychiatric diagnoses in prehospital emergency care and sociodemographic characteristics of the incident location at the district level
Full text linkBackground:
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in prehospital emergency care and the characteristics of this patient group as well as the association with deprivation in the district, self-assessment of health status, and the frequency of emergency calls due to or accompanied by psychiatric diagnoses.
Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study descriptively and analytically evaluated all ground-based Emergency Medical Service and rescue service incidents dispatched by the Integrated Regional Control Center (IRLS) in the period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. In addition to the clinical parameters and the demographic data of the patients, the sociodemographic characteristics of the incident location at the district level, unemployment rate, net equivalent household income, and the proportion of single-person households, as well as personal assessment of mental health and overall well-being, were included in the study.
Results:
A total of 68,345 deployment protocols were examined. Of these, 6.4% were emergency incidents due to or involving psychiatric diagnoses. Emergency physician (EP) involvement in these operations was 56.1%. RM Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (1968) was used as a theoretical reference model for the description, analysis, and explanation of the use of health-related care. The analyses showed that interventions due to or involving psychiatric diagnoses without emergency doctor alerts were more frequent in urban districts with a high proportion of single-person households and a high net equivalized houshold income.
Conclusion:
The accumulation in individual city districts and the factors identified by Andersen point to opportunities to target preventive measures to avoid emergencies involving psychiatric diagnoses in order to use limited resources efficiently
Reassessing onco-exceptionalism: equity and resource allocation in immunotherapeutic cancer treatments
Full text linkGiven that only a small fraction of patients with cancer exhibits specific markers making them eligible for effective targeted therapies, this paper investigates the justification of treating cancer differently in terms of resource allocation when it comes to the application of novel precise therapies—the so-called onco-exceptionalism. Specifically, it assesses whether the reimbursement of expensive drugs is equitable. To do so, we first contextualise healthcare resource allocation concerning immunotherapeutic treatments for cancer, then explore arguments for and against onco-exceptionalism and finally conclude by advocating for a proactive health approach
Trajectory of parental health-related quality of life after neonatal hospitalization : a prospective cohort study
Full text linkBackground
Health-related quality of life is an important measure of patient-reported outcomes. There is limited evidence on how parental health-related quality of life develops after neonatal hospitalization.
Objective
To evaluate parents’ health-related quality of life (HRQL) during the year following their infant’s treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
This prospective cohort study, conducted at a German university hospital between 2020 – 2023, examined HRQL among parents of infants hospitalized in the NICU for ≥ 14 days and parents of infants discharged from the maternity ward according to PedsQL™ Family Impact Module. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify associations between cohort affiliation and differences in parental HRQL. Key secondary outcome was parenting sense of competence (PSOC).
Results
Participants included 131 parents of NICU infants and 122 unexposed parents. HRQL increased over time for NICU mothers (58.7 at 14 days, 70.8 at 6 months, 77.0 at 12 months after birth) and NICU fathers (69.8 at 14 days, 73.9 at 6 months, 75.7 at 12 months). NICU treatment was significantly associated with lower HRQL at 14 days (mothers: -20.26 points; P < .001; fathers: -9.40 points; P = .04), but not at 6 or 12 months after birth. At 12 months postpartum, NICU mothers showed higher PSOC compared to unexposed mothers (mean difference -4.85; P = 0.005).
Conclusions
Parents and especially mothers of NICU infants reported lower HRQL at 14 days postpartum. At 6 and 12 months, their HRQL improved, aligning with that of unexposed parents
Angst und Depression bei steatotischer Lebererkrankung
Full text linkVIII, 94 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Constructing synthetic nuclear architectures via transcriptional condensates in a DNA protonucleus
Full text linkNuclear biomolecular condensates are essential sub-compartments within the cell nucleus and play key roles in transcription and RNA processing. Bottom-up construction of nuclear architectures in synthetic settings is non-trivial but vital for understanding the mechanisms of condensates in real cellular systems. Here, we present a facile and versatile synthetic DNA protonucleus (PN) platform that facilitates localized transcription of branched RNA motifs with kissing loops (KLs) for subsequent condensation into complex condensate architectures. We identify salinity, monomer feeding, and KL-PN interactions as key parameters to control co-transcriptional condensation of these KLs into diverse artificial nuclear patterns, including single and multiple condensates, interface condensates, and biphasic condensates. Over time, KL transcripts co-condense with the PN matrix, with the final architecture determined by their interactions, which can be precisely modulated using a short DNA invader strand that outcompetes these interactions. Our findings deepen the understanding of RNA condensation in nuclear environments and provide strategies for designing functional nucleus-mimetic systems with precise architectural control
Raw data for "High magnesium isotope ratios in subglacial icelandic waters : impacts of carbonate precipitation and implications for CO₂ sequestration"
Full text linkMagnesium isotopes are increasingly used to trace silicate weathering, one of the key removal processes of atmospheric CO2. Generally, silicate weathering processes are thought to drive Mg isotopes in river waters to isotopically lighter compositions than silicate rocks. An anomaly in this behaviour has been glacially-sourced rivers from Iceland, which are isotopically heavier. This study examines this phenomenon further, by analysing more high-pH glacial and groundwaters from Iceland, which tend to have high 26Mg values. Mineral Mg/Si stoichiometry shows that the cause of this isotopic change is unlikely to be associated with Mg-silicate secondary minerals, but rather with the sub-glacial and groundwater precipitation of calcite. The riverine 26Mg of specifically sub-glacial and groundwaters also co-vary with pH and the calcite saturation index. This likely dominance of the Mg isotope fractionation by a single phase allows the calculation of how much of that phase is forming, given “known” fractionation factors. This suggests that calcite formation fluxes are on average ~0.7 t/km2/yr for the Langjökull glacier, and 25 t/km2/yr for the considerably larger Vatnajökull icecap. Overall, this study apparently answers the enigma of isotopically heavy surface waters in Iceland, and also demonstrates the potential use of Mg isotopes in determining carbonate precipitation rates, and their effects on atmospheric pCO2.Compilation2025-12-02 (Date collected start
Die Effekte nächtlichen Straßenverkehrslärms auf die basale Endothelfunktion, Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, hormonelle Stressfaktoren und die subjektive Schlafqualität gesunder ProbandInnen
Full text linkIV, 113 Seiten ; Illustrationen, Diagramm
Exploring the effects of gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma progression by patient-derived organoids
Full text linkBackground
Recent research indicates a role of gut microbiota in development and progression of life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Carcinomas of the biliary ducts, the so-called cholangiocarcinomas, are known for their aggressive tumor biology, implying poor prognosis of affected patients. An impact of the gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma development and progression is plausible due to the enterohepatic circulation and is therefore the subject of scientific debate, however evidence is still lacking. This review aimed to discuss the suitability of complex cell culture models to investigate the role of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma progression.
Main body
Clinical research in this area is challenging due to poor comparability of patients and feasibility reasons, which is why translational models are needed to understand the basis of tumor progression in cholangiocarcinoma. A promising approach to investigate the influence of gut microbiota could be an organoid model. Organoids are 3D cell models cultivated in a modifiable and controlled condition, which can be grown from tumor tissue. 3D cell models are able to imitate physiological and pathological processes in the human body and thus contribute to a better understanding of health and disease.
Conclusion
The use of complex cell cultures such as organoids and organoid co-cultures might be powerful and valuable tools to study not only the growth behavior and growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells, but also the interaction with the tumor microenvironment and with components of the gut microbiota
Losers’ dissent : how election results shape populists’ satisfaction with democracy
Full text linkIf elections are fair and free, citizens should accept their results regardless of the party or candidate they voted for. The evaluation of democracy should not be tainted by ‘winning’ or ‘losing’ an election. However, research on ‘losers’ consent’ has demonstrated that winners evaluate the functioning of democracy more positively than losers. We argue that the effect of losing is even more pronounced for populist voters. For them, winning and losing is indicative of the functioning of the democratic system itself. To demonstrate this, we use cross-sectional data from the Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems as well as panel data from Germany and the Netherlands for longitudinal analysis. We show that the more populist a citizen is, the stronger the effect losing is on the level of satisfaction with democracy