Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
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Assetto istituzionale ed epigrafia pubblica a Taras, colonia Neptunia e Tarentum dal II secolo a.C. al tardo impero
No full textFrom the end of the 2nd century BC, the coexistence of the polis of Taras and the colonia Neptunia Tarentum within the same settlement led to the presence of two distinct public areas, agora and forum. This situation was preserved with the constitution of the municipium, until the contributio of the colony, shortly before the granting of the municipal statute. From this moment on the agora was set up as the municipal forum, where were also affixed documents of the former colony. Tarentine epigraphy has yielded various inscriptions of a public character (leges, fasti, calendar, imperial dedications), The discovery of fragments in various areas of the city documents, among other things, that the forum was deconstructed as early as the 4th century AD.Dalla fine del II secolo a.C. la coesistenza della polis di Taras e di colonia Neptunia Tarentum all’interno dello stesso abitato determinò la presenza di due distinte aree pubbliche, l’agorà e il forum. Tale situazione si protrasse anche con l’istituzione del municipio, fino alla contributio della colonia, poco prima della concessione dello statuto municipale. Da questo momento sull’agorà si impostò il forum municipale, dove furono esposti anche i documenti pertinenti alla ex colonia. L’epigrafia tarentina ha restituito diverse iscrizioni a carattere pubblico (leges, fasti, calendario, dediche imperiali), i cui ritrovamenti documentano tra l’altro la destrutturazione dell’area forense già dal IV secolo d.C
Protective Action of 3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine on Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
No full textBackground: Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for chronic lung conditions. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in CS-induced pulmonary injury. 3,5-Diiodothyronine (T2) affects energy metabolism, having mitochondria as a major target. However, the underlying mechanisms of T2 related to lung diseases are poorly understood. Aims: To investigate the protective action of T2 on CS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in an in vitro model of human epithelial alveolar cells. Methods: ATP synthesis and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, as a marker of mitochondrial function, was assessed in A549 cells pretreated with T2 and exposed to CS using a bioluminescence assay and an Oroboros 2k-Oxygraph system, respectively. An evaluation of the oxidative status was conducted by assessing superoxide radical production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and H2O2 levels. Moreover, we investigated the mitochondrial mass via Mito-Tracker Green (MTG) staining and flow cytometry analysis. Results: CS significantly reduced ATP production. T2 pretreatment was found to prevent CS-induced impairments in ATP synthesis, enhancing COX activity. Additionally, the 2 h T2 pretreatment of CS-exposed cells mitigated CS-induced oxidative stress, thereby enhancing SOD activity and reducing the superoxide anion and H2O2 levels. Finally, MTG labeling was correlated with CS-induced mitochondrial mass gain, which is associated with cell senescence. Unexpectedly, T2 was not able to significantly prevent this mass increment, probably due to its rapid mode of action. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the protective effects of T2 against CS-induced mitochondrial damage
IL RUOLO DELLA rTPJ NELLA PRESA DI DECISIONE SOCIALE: EVIDENZE DA UNO STUDIO TMS
No full textINTRODUZIONE: Diversi fattori neurali e cognitivi sono implicati nella presa di decisione sociale così come misurata attraverso il Mini-Ultimatum Game (Mini-UG; Falk et al., 2003), tra cui l’attivazione della giunzione temporo-parietale destra (rTPJ) e processi di mentalizzazione (Güroğlu et al., 2010). Questo studio approfondisce il contributo causale della rTPJ nel ruolo di rispondente nel Mini-UG, utilizzando la stimolazione magnetica transcranica ripetitiva (rTMS). METODO: Ventisei partecipanti sani di sesso femminile (19-27 anni) hanno completato il Mini-UG nel ruolo di rispondente; questo paradigma consente di valutare la presa di decisione in diverse condizioni di intenzionalità. Attraverso una storia di copertura i partecipanti erano informati di giocare con un proponente reale (in realtà uno script preimpostato); il grado di fiducia nella storia veniva misurato attraverso un’intervista conclusiva su scala Likert. Ogni trial prevedeva un’offerta iniqua contrapposta a una di tre possibili alternative, tra cui una anch’essa iniqua (no-alternative trial). Compito del rispondente era accettare o rifiutare l’offerta ricevuta. La stimolazione rTMS della rTPJ (vs Vertex, di controllo) era alternata tra quattro blocchi sperimentali. RISULTATI: Nei partecipanti che hanno creduto alla storia di copertura (“believers”; n=19) si è riscontrato un aumento dei rifiuti nei no-alternative trials durante stimolazione della rTPJ rispetto al Vertex; nei “non-believers” (n=7) i rifiuti restavano elevati durante entrambe le stimolazioni. CONCLUSIONE: Il maggiore numero di rifiuti dei no-alternative trials in seguito a stimolazione della rTPJ è compatibile con l’interferenza con processi di mentalizzazione, fornendo dati a supporto di una relazione tra correlati neurali e fattori cognitivi nelle decisioni sociali
Feasibility and effectiveness of telemedicine for adult patients with congenital heart disease: a one-year single-center experience-based study
No full textDesigning with Invisible Hands Digital Product Passports and AI in the New Made in Italy
No full textThe book explores how Digital Product Passports and AI are redefining a New Made in Italy within the EU Green Deal, bridging the gap between tradition and innovation through transparency, sustainability, and digitisation. Clear and accessible, it addresses both professionals and non-specialists, aiming to foster widespread awareness around ecological transition. It includes a research-based glossary with AI-generated images, providing readers with conceptual and visual tools to understand the new lexicon of the circular economy and emerging paradigms of contemporary design
Recovery-oriented and trauma-informed care for people with mental disorders to promote human rights and quality of mental health care: a scoping review
No full textBackground
In several countries, the growing emphasis on human rights and the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) have highlighted the need for changes in culture, attitudes and practices of mental health services. New approaches, such as recovery-oriented care (ROC) and trauma-informed care (TIC) emphasize the users’ needs and experiences and promote autonomy and human rights.
Aims
To provide an overview of the literature on recovery-oriented care (ROC) and trauma-informed care (TIC) and their relevance to the promotion of human rights and quality of mental health care.
Method
We conducted a scoping review by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO. We performed a qualitative synthesis of the literature aimed at reviewing: (1) current conceptualisations of recovery in mental health care; (2) recovery-oriented practices in mental health care; (3) current conceptualizations of trauma and TIC in mental health care; (4) trauma-informed practices in mental health care; (5) the relationship between ROC and TIC, with a particular focus on their shared goal of promoting alternatives to coercion, and on trauma-informed and/or recovery oriented alternatives to coercion.
Results
According to prevailing conceptual frameworks, ROC and TIC share many underlying principles and should be regarded as complementary. Both approaches affirm the conceptualization of service users as persons, foster their autonomy and rely on their involvement in designing and monitoring mental health services. Both approaches promote human rights.
A wider consensus on conceptual frameworks, tools and methodologies is needed to support ROC and TIC implementation and allow comparison among practices. Recovery-oriented and trauma-informed models of care can contribute to the implementation of non-coercive practices, which show promising results but warrant further empirical study.
Conclusions
Recovery-oriented and trauma-informed practices and principles may contribute to the shift towards rights-based mental health care and to the implementation and successful uptake of alternatives to coercion. Local and international work aimed to promote and test these approaches may provide a contribution to improving mental health care world-wide. Future research should focus on the outcomes of all involved stakeholders’ and include the perspectives of both staff members and service users in different contexts
Il rischio di impresa nell'agricoltura. Politiche e strumenti di gestione.
No full textNel volume vengono illustrati i profili giuridici del rischio dell’impresa agri- cola, nonché le politiche e gli strumenti di gestione dello stesso alla luce delle sue specificità.
Il primo capitolo prende le mosse dalla ricostruzione della definizione di ri- schio e, in particolare, dal concetto giuridico di “rischio di impresa”, per poi declinarlo alla luce delle specificità dell’impresa agricola. Vengono esaminate le diverse tipologie di rischi nel settore agricolo, le loro caratteristiche e le diverse possibili tecniche di gestione (con particolare attenzione ai contratti di integrazione verticale e al ricorso ai mercati finanziari).
Il secondo capitolo delinea il quadro delle politiche di gestione dei rischi in agricoltura a livello UE, ripercorrendo le tappe dei più importanti interventi successivi all’abbandono delle politiche di sostegno dei mercati e dei prezzi fino alle misure messe in campo dalla Pac 2023-2027.
Infine, il terzo capitolo, dopo aver illustrato l’evoluzione della politica italia- na di sostegno alla gestione del rischio in agricoltura, le sinergie e la comple- mentarietà tra fonti finanziarie e strumenti, si occupa della evoluzione storica e delle dinamiche attuali del mercato assicurativo agevolato e delle coperture mutualistiche sul territorio nazionale. La riflessione si concentra, in partico- lare, sull’inquadramento giuridico e sui profili di criticità di alcuni dei più innovativi schemi contrattuali assicurativi nonché sul ruolo della circolazione delle informazioni nella riduzione dell’asimmetria informativa e degli alti co- sti amministrativi, tipici dei programmi assicurativi agricoli
A Design Method for Seismic Retrofit of RC Buildings Using Dissipative Exoskeletons
No full textAn emerging solution among rapid, low-impact, and reversible retrofit strate-gies is the implementation of external additive structures or exoskeletons. Most current research emphasizes non-dissipative steel exoskeletons, such as diagrids or steel braces, while comprehensive design procedures for dissipa-tive exoskeletons remain underdeveloped. This study introduces a design procedure for the seismic retrofitting of RC buildings using dissipative exo-skeletons. The proposed strategy is initially applied to a real-world school building and subsequently validated through nonlinear time-history analyses with various input ground motions
Enhancing soil health with hydrochar: Improvements in chemical and biological properties
No full textAgricultural activity may cause soil degradation through pollution, erosion and consequent loss of organic matter and nutrients. Restoration of degraded agricultural soils is essential for safeguarding the ecosystem services they provide (like climate regulation, water and nutrient cycling, and food provisioning and security). An innovative strategy to reach this goal is the addition of low-decomposable organic improvers to soil, as hydrochar, which derives from hydrothermal carbonization. Aim of this study was to investigate the hydrochar's effects on soil microbial community, as it plays a key role in nutrient cycling, and on physical and chemical properties. A pot experiment was performed using five treatments: control without addition of hydrochar (C), hydrochar deriving from sewage sludge (HS), or thistle residues of Cynara cardunculus L. (HC) with increasing doses (HS3, HS6 and HC3, HC6, respectively) and two different exposure times (18 and 92 days). After the two exposure times, soils were analyzed for microbial biomass (Cmic), total microbial activity (as potential respiration) and specific activities involved in nutrient cycling (as respiration responses induced by 11 simple substrates as well as activities of 5 specific enzymes), quotient of mineralization (qM), genetic bacterial diversity (as richness). Additionally, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, total organic C, mineralizable C, total N content and C/N ratio were also evaluated. Hydrochar did not have toxic effects on microbial community and generally improved pH, organic C, potential respiration, respiratory responses to most substrates and enzymatic activities. The best results were observed after 92-days exposure time at treatments with higher doses (68 g kg-1) with hydrochar from C. cardunculus also promoting bacterial diversity. Further studies are needed to confirm positive effects of hydrochar in relation to longer exposure time and different feedstock
Reducing Nurses’ Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intentions: The Role of Prosocial Orientation and Perceived Patient Gratitude in a Moderated Mediation Model
No full textAims: This study investigates the relationship between prosocial orientation and turnover intention among Italian nurses,
examining the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of perceived patient gratitude.
Design: Cross-sectional quantitative study.
Methods: A sample of 162 nurses employed in Italian hospitals completed an online survey on the Qualtrics platform assessing
prosocial orientation, patient gratitude, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention. Data were analyzed through a moderated
mediation model via the PROCESS macro in JASP.
Results: Prosocial orientation was negatively associated with turnover intention, with emotional exhaustion acting as a mediator
in this relationship. Perceived patient gratitude moderated the impact of prosocial orientation on emotional exhaustion. The
conditional indirect effect of prosocial orientation on turnover intention through emotional exhaustion was significant at average
and high levels of patient gratitude, but not at low levels.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that fostering prosocial orientation perceptions and enhancing patient gratitude and its
perceptions can mitigate emotional exhaustion and reduce turnover intentions among nurses.
Implications for Nursing Management: Healthcare organizations can promote prosocial orientation and patient gratitude
through training, feedback, and recognition events to reduce nurses’ emotional exhaustion and turnover