Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
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Effect of IL-1β on NSCLC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as Actors in Mediating Cancer Progression and Evading Immune System
No full textBackground: Increased IL-1β levels may promote carcinogenesis and metastasis by affecting tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cell-to-cell communication, thus modulating the TME and immune response. Here, we aimed to test whether tumor-derived small EVs (TEVs) isolated from sensitive and osimertinib-resistant (OR) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells may promote EMT via fibronectin binding to α5β1 integrin as well as suppress the immune system and if these effects may be favored by IL-1β. Methods: TEVs were isolated from control, OR, and IL-1β-stimulated NSCLC cells. Expressions of fibronectin and PD-L1 were screened in TEVs and the mRNA levels of vimentin and SMAD3 were also assessed in cancer cells after TEV co-culturing. Furthermore, to detect the effect on immune cells, we co-cultured TEVs with lung cancer patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results: TEVs were positive for fibronectin and the highest protein levels were found in TEVs obtained from the OR and IL-1β-stimulated cells. TEV-mediated activation of α5β1 signaling led to the upregulation of vimentin and SMAD3 mRNA in NSCLC cells and stimulated cell migration. EVs also increased PD-1, CTLA-4, FOXP3, TNF-α, IL-12, and INF-γ mRNA in lung cancer patients’ immune cells. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that TEVs promote EMT in NSCLC cells by the activation of the fibronectin–α5β1 axis. Finally, IL-1β stimulation induces TEV release with biological properties similar to OR TEVs, thus leading to cancer invasion and immune suppression and suggesting that inflammation can promote tumor spreading
Impact of Gliflozins on Right Heart Remodeling in Italian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Results from the GLISCAR Real-World Study
No full text: Aims: The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) on right ventricular (RV) systolic function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is not well established. This study aimed to assess the impact of SGLT2is on RV function using advanced echocardiographic parameters in patients with HFrEF and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The real-world prospective, observational GLISCAR study enrolled 31 consecutive patients with T2D and HFrEF. All participants underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and comprehensive echocardiography at baseline and after 12 months of treatment with an SGLT2i. Results: After 12 months, statistically significant improvements in RV function were observed. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) increased from 18.00 mm (SD ± 4.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.51-19.49 mm) to 19.40 mm (SD ± 4.13; 95% CI: 17.95-20.85 mm) (p = 0.0346), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) decreased from 35.23 mmHg (SD ± 14.61; 95% CI: 30.09-40.37 mm) to 30.89 mmHg (SD ± 7.77; 95% CI: 28.15-33.63 mm) (p < 0.001). These changes may suggest favorable RV remodeling and improved right ventricular-arterial coupling (RVAC). Conclusions: SGLT2i therapy was associated with improved RV function and RVAC in patients with HFrEF and T2D. While these findings are preliminary and drawn from a small, observational cohort, they support a potential role for SGLT2is in right heart remodeling. Further randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm these effects and clarify their clinical implications
The UNESCO Chair on Business Integrity and Crime Prevention in Art and Antiquities Market
No full textSurgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: current concepts of minimally invasive approaches
No full textStudies have consistently shown an association of the Le Fort I osteotomy with undesirable adverse events in the nasolabial region, including lengthening and thinning of the upper lip, a reduction in upper vermilion exposure, and nasal base enlargement. Various minimally invasive techniques have been developed based on knowledge collected over recent decades on the aetiopathogenesis of these aesthetic impairments. The common scope of these techniques is to reduce the damage to the facial soft tissues and achieve a sound and spontaneous healing process, avoiding those procedures that are commonly used to counteract undesirable aesthetic changes. This paper provides a summary of the aetiopathogenesis of these adverse events, as well as an overview of current concepts in minimally invasive surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (miSARME)
L'area di San Venditto a San Castrese (Sessa Aurunca, Caserta): indagini georadar e prospettive di ricerca archeologica
No full textIL saggio costituisce un'analisi preliminare del potenziale archeologico del sito di San Venditto, presso San Castrese. Si tratta di un agglomerato che sorge su un lembo di territorio rientrante tra i possedimenti del monastero di Montecassino: le indagini di geodiagnostica, le attività di ricognizione di superficie e le prime considerazioni delle fonti scritte disponibili consentono di procedere alle prime vautazioni dell'importanza di quest'area, in vista dell'avvio delle indagini archeologiche
Effects of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Treatment Outcome in Adolescent Inpatients With Anorexia Nervosa
No full textObjective: Although childhood maltreatment, especially emotional abuse, is strongly linked to the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN), the impact of such a traumatic experience on treatment outcome is not clear. This study aimed to explore how emotional abuse affects change in psychopathology during treatment. Method: Adolescents with AN (n = 331) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire at admission to inpatient treatment and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 both at admission and at discharge. Relationships of emotional abuse with body mass index (BMI) and questionnaire scores at admission and at discharge were examined with percentage bend correlation coefficients. Changes in BMI and questionnaire scores from admission to discharge and whether these changes were moderated by emotional abuse were tested with robust mixed models. Results: Higher emotional abuse scores related to higher eating disorder, depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms but not to BMI at admission and at discharge. BMI increased and eating disorder, depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms decreased from admission to discharge but these changes were not moderated by emotional abuse scores. Discussion: Emotional abuse did not affect treatment response during hospitalization for AN, but it was associated with heightened eating and general psychological symptom severity at both hospital admission and discharge. Clinicians are advised to investigate a history of emotional abuse in adolescents with AN and to consider emotional abuse not as a predictor of treatment resistance, but as a psychological scar that persists regardless of symptom severity
High Spatial Resolution Distributed Brillouin Measurements at Cryogenic Temperatures
No full textDistributed optical fiber sensors are promising tools for quench detection and protection in superconductor-based magnet systems, as they provide continuous monitoring of the temperature at any location within a magnet with high spatial resolution and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Conventional distributed sensors based on Brillouin scattering, however, fails in reaching adequate performance for quench detection due to limited spatial resolution and/or acquisition rate. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a high-spatial resolution Brillouin Optical Frequency-Domain analysis (BOFDA) system to perform distributed temperature measurements at cryogenic temperatures. A custom-made BOFDA prototype was employed to characterize the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) in a standard single-mode fiber, at a temperature ranging from ≈ 260 K down to ≈ 2.6 K. A novel algorithm was devised to extract the temperature from BGS measurements at cryogenic temperatures. Finally, the large increase in the Brillouin gain coefficient at temperatures below ≈ 10 K was exploited to realize slope-assisted BOFDA measurements with a temperature sensitivity less than 0.1 K, a spatial resolution of 3 cm, and an acquisition rate of 1.75 Hz
Sex differences in the clinical features of 2,841 patients with migraine: a post-hoc, multicenter, cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Migraine occurs two to three times more frequently in women than in men, exhibiting different clinical characteristics in both sexes. The present study aims to investigate further and extend the findings of sex-specific migraine phenotypes in a large cohort of subjects with migraine enrolled in the "Italian Headache Registry" (RICe). Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of prospectively collected data including subjects with episodic (EM) and chronic (CM) migraine, with or without medication-overuse headache (MOH), registered in the RICe database by 24 Italian headache centers. Migraine demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, including quality and intensity of pain, pain localization at onset, concomitant symptoms, and monthly headache days (MHD). Results: We included 2,841 migraine subjects (80.0% women; mean age: 45.7 ± 14.3 years; mean MHDs 12.3 ± 9). Among them, 2,087 subjects had EM (73.5%), 754 (26.5%) had CM, and 273 (36.2%) had MOH. When considering individuals with EM and CM as a whole group, women reported higher pain intensity compared to men (NRS scale women [mean 7.6 ± 1.7] vs. men [7.0 ± 2.1], p = 0.006). This difference was also confirmed when comparing intensity categories (severe, moderate/severe, and moderate/mild) (p = 0.020). Moderate/mild attacks occurred more frequently in men than in women (14.9 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.0014). Furthermore, women reported more frequent migraine-associated symptoms such as photophobia/phonophobia (women: 72.7% vs. men: 62.3%, p = 0.006) and nausea/vomiting (women: 44.3% vs. men: 36.0%, p = 0.006). No sex differences were reported in terms of MHDs (p = 0.571) or baseline diagnoses (EM vs. CM, p = 0.269). Focusing on EM individuals, significant sex differences emerged in the summarized intensity categories (p = 0.012), as well as in the percentage of concomitant symptoms, which women more frequently reported. Conclusion: Women with EM or CM have higher pain intensity and more frequent concomitant migraine symptoms when compared to men. No sex-related differences were found in the frequency of MOH
Deciphering the Contribution of Circular RNAs to Age‐Related Decline in Sertoli Cell Survivor
No full textMale fertility declines during aging. This process mainly affects spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and poor-quality sperm production. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules produced by backsplicing. In the field of male reproduction, circRNAs boast great potential in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm morpho-functional skills. However, their potential role in age-related male reproductive anomalies remains largely elusive. Here, we analyzed the reproductive phenotype of the aged male mouse experimental model, pointing our attention to a putative functional link between circRNAs and Sertoli cell survival. Our results confirm several testicular age-related defects including: (i) altered morphology of the seminiferous epithelium; (ii) affected spermatogenesis; and (iii) decreased sperm production. In particular, aged spermatozoa (SPZ) were decreased in number in association with low motility and abnormal morphology (sperm head anomalies and tail bents). The expression analysis of selective spermatic circRNAs demonstrated a de-regulated expression profile in Aged versus Young SPZ. Among them, we turned the lens on circAbcb9 as a spermatic circRNA potentially involved in the Sertoli cell senescence pathway via the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network (ceRNET). Indeed, a significant shutdown of circAbcb9-dependent network associated with a prominent increase in Sertoli cell senescence occurred in Aged testis. Interestingly, circAbcb9 was also expressed in human SPZ at decreased levels in Aged men, suggesting a conserved role. Collectively, our study stimulates greater interest in circRNAs as involved in the molecular mechanisms behind the age-related effect on Sertoli cell survival, also providing new implications for fused protein in sarcoma (FUS) protein in sertolian circRNA biogenesis