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Transposition of the Circular Economy Package into the Law of the Republic of Lithuania in Order to Achieve Ambitious Waste Management Targets
No full textThe legal regulation of waste management established by the legal acts of the European Union was substantially changed on 30 May 2018 by adopted Directives (including the Directive amending the Waste Framework Directive), collectively referred to as the Circular Economy Package. The provisions of the mentioned Circular Economy Package had to be trans- posed by the Member States of the European Union by 5 July 2020 at the latest. However, in the Republic of Lithuania the provisions of the Circular Economy Package were not transposed into national law until 17 June 2021, when amendments to the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania and the Law on Packaging and Packaging Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania were adopted, which the entry into force prevailed from 1 July 2021 until 1 January 2025. The deadline for the entry into force of the provisions was different, not only because of the mandatory implementation of the Circular Economy Package provisions from the relevant year, but also due to the fact that in addition to the provisions of the Circular Economy Package initiatives were included in the draft amendments to the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania and the Law on Packaging and Packaging Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania, which were non-compliant with the Circular Economy Package provisions. Those initiatives are related to the change in the model of the relationship between packaging producers and importers organizations and municipalities and waste managers, giving leverage in mutual cooperation to municipalities which are said under the new model could ensure the proper functioning of the sorted packaging waste management system. However, whether this system with the new model will work properly is not in the new provisions of the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania and the Law on Packaging and Packaging Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania, but the implementing legislation that will have to be adopted by the Minister of Environment in the future
Final Theses of Students of Faculty of Law in Lithuania: 1925-1939
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The study examines the final students’ theses of the Faculty of Law of the University of Lithuania (later – Vytautas Magnus University), which was the only one university during the interwar period in Lithuania. Thus, it was the only place where lawyers were prepared. The research is based on the different branches of law, considering structure, literature, legal acts, jurisprudence students used in their theses, and the Lithuanian legal language of that time. The most valuable and interesting quotes of students are presented, the teachers who assessed their works are named, and the fates of the students and teachers are revealed. The research covers over five hundred students’ final theses written between 1925 and 1939. Namely such a number of final theses are held in the Department of Manuscripts of Vilnius University Library. Noteworthy that around one thousand students graduated in law during the interwar period in Lithuania. Each of this thesis was reviewed in the series of four articles published in Lithuanian language. This article summarizes all four articles and presents final conclusions. The theses reveal not only how the Faculty of Law educated lawyers, but also the legal topicalities of Lithuania at that time. Students wrote about various issues of civil, criminal, administrative, constitutional, labour, and international law. Historical, comparative, and analytical methods were used in the research
Changes in Students‘ Social Life and Erasmus Mobility during the Covid-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed people’s lives in the world, causing constraints and deviations
from everyday habits. Restrictions and social isolation as a means of stopping the spread of the disease have had social,
cognitive, and psychosomatic consequences, especially in the student world. This is not only because the learning process
has been replaced by distance learning but also because the social activities and social life of students have changed
fundamentally. The study aims to examine the changes in students’ social life and Erasmus’s mobility during the COVID-19
pandemic.
300 respondents took part in the survey, of which: 47 % were health sciences, 44 % social sciences, 9 % students of
technological sciences. Mostly professional degree and academic degree students.
Conclusions. An analysis of changes in students ’social lives in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that
students most often solve their problems in a home environment. Comparing the frequency of students’ habits before and
during the pandemic, it turned out that during the pandemic: they more often wash their hands, wear masks outside, avoid
public transport, and avoid large gatherings.
Assessing Erasmus’s mobility activities, it has been observed that the pandemic has significantly changed these
student life activities; almost all students have not participated in Erasmus+ mobility activities
Projekto metodo patirtis taikant nestandartinę jaunimo užimtumo formą „savanoryste grįstas turizmas“: Mariupolio viešųjų institucijų pavyzdys
No full textThe topic of the study is especially relevant because of the non-standard form of employment (NFE) ‘volunteering’ has acquired across the global. Similarly, NFE ‘voluntourism’ has recently been acquiring the form of a social movement and the development of mechanisms for public administration of these activities is far from complete. The aim of the article is to summarise the world experience of the project approach of public authorities to youth policy and the introduction of NFE of youth ‘volunteering’, as well as to analyse the experience of the micro-project approach of public authorities in Mariupol, Ukraine. The study is based on a comprehensive and systematic approach to public management of youth employment and uses methods to describe, summarise, analyse and synthesise the results of observations and experiments. The generalisation of the world experience of the project approach of public authorities to the introduction of non-standard forms of youth employment ‘volunteering’ and ‘voluntourism’ and the modern experience of its use is supported by UNESCO, which allows expanding its scope. It established that experience of the project approach of public authorities on creation of NFE ‘volunteering’ in the city of Mariupol, Ukraine, can be considered as innovative technology of information education. Thus, the project approach of public authorities with the use of NFE ‘volunteering’ and ‘voluntourism’ plays a specific useful role in professional and life situations of young people and allows them to perform social functions of professional, community and personal goals and competencies
Critical Thinking in Higher Education and Labour Market
Get PDFCC BY 4.0The monograph presents research-based findings on the conceptualisation of critical thinking and the relevance of critical thinking education in higher education for the labour market. The research methodology is based on the triangulation principle, combining various methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation. The monograph presents the comprehensive investigation of critical thinking in higher education from the perspectives of the study and labor market. It looks for an answer to the vibrant question of what and to whom critical thinking is. The study brings together findings from systematic literature review, analysis of descriptions of higher education study programs and study subjects, phenomenographical research and survey and supplements the existing perceptions of critical thinking with novel data-driven insights. The book reveals how critical thinking manifests itself in the contexts of higher education and the labor market and advocates for the significance of the critical thinking at personal, interpersonal, and social levels
Hate Crimes: Evaluation of Lithuanian Courts’ Decisions in the Light of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Get PDFIn this article, the authors analyse the practice of the Lithuanian national courts and the European Court of Human Rights in hate crime cases, provide insights into the synergy between the decisions made by these courts, and suggest further improvement actions. This research shows that proving the circumstances surrounding various forms of hatred is quite complex, often lacking a more comprehensive, in-depth definition of the totality of circumstances by taking account of the need for special knowledge, the identification of guilt, and the system and intensity of actions. There is often a divide between criminal liability and the possibility of other countermeasures, especially when examining cases related to hate speech. Court decisions draw attention to the fact that it is necessary to consider the totality of the data collected, not individual data or individual fragments of circumstances. Among other things, the decisions emphasize the ultima ratio principle: whether criminal liability is an adequate measure in cases of hate speech. The topical issues examined in the article draw attention to the collection of significant data and the organization of investigations of these crimes, issues relating to proof and the emerging practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania in this category of cases, highlighting the two main problematic aspects: first, the determination of the totality of objective and subjective features and second, the fact of identifying a real threat
Challenges of Approaching Climate Neutral Society in V4 Countries
Get PDFThe paper deals with challenges of transition to carbon neutral carbon transition of Visegrad countries (V4), namely Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Czech Republic. The paper provides analysis of the main problems for these countries in implementing targets set by energy and climate package. The analysis of energy vulnerability and poverty issues in V4 countries is also delivered in the paper. Comparative assessment of progress towards climate neutral society is carried for his group of countries to highlight the best practices and problems encountered. The paper also provides policy recommendations based on study conducted for implementing transition towards climate neutral, inclusive society for Visegrad countries
Volunteering in Lithuania – the Perspective of Social Capital
Get PDFThe level of social capital in society is one of the most important elements for the success of state
development, which is increasingly emphasized on political agendas. In research, social capital covers a wide
range of areas due to the interdisciplinarity of social capital. Still, the dominant components stand out: trust
in society, trust in public authorities, involvement in civic activities. While trust in public authorities and trust
in other members of society are more often used in research and heard in the media, civic activities often lack
such interest. However, it is one of the most effective ways for government decisions to invest most effectively
in improving social capital in society. The primary tool for the state to increase public involvement in civic
activities is the promotion of voluntary activities, which contributes to the state’s sustainable development,
and the creation of the welfare state is enshrined in international documents. With this article, the authors seek
to examine the peculiarities of Lithuanian volunteering in the context of social capital formation
Relevant Changes in Legal Regulation of Public Service and Directions of its Development in 2021
No full textThe principal purpose of the amendments to the legal framework regulating civil service is to improve efficiency of the civil service, particularly focusing on the need to reform the personnel administration system both in state as well as municipal institutions. In 2021, amendments have
been made to the Methodology for job description and evaluation of civil servants. The aim of this
decision was to consistently phase out civil service positions that are intended for the performance of
internal administration functions. Civil service positions shall be used for the performance of public
administration functions only. Furthermore, public administration functions will not be performed
by employees of state and municipal institutions working under employment contracts. As of 1 October 2021, before publishing a recruitment notice, the Civil Service Department will have to check
the job descriptions of employees of state and municipal institutions working under employment
contracts and will return them to the initiators for revision if necessary. Since 1 August 2021, the civil
service selection process has been put through decentralisation, changes have been made to the civil
service admission procedure and to the selection criteria, also remote recruitment has been increasingly seen as an option. All this is expected to shorten and simplify the recruitment procedures.
On 23 December 2021, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania adopted an amendment to the
Law on the Civil Service, which implements significant changes – civil servants are no longer required
to obtain a permit to engage in other work under an employment contract, the head of an institution
whose performance has been assessed as good and / or very good during his or her term of service may
be appointed to the post of head of the same state or municipal institution or agency for a second term
without competition. Additional pays for workload and replacement may be granted for the whole
calendar year, the 6-month duration limit has been removed. A civil servant intending to resign must
give notice of resignation to the appointing authority not later than 20 calendar days in advance,
instead of the previous 14 calendar days, unless the appointing authority agrees to shorten the notice
period and other regulatory changes. These decisions are expected to contribute to the long-term goals of the civil service reform - namely, the creation of a flexible, efficient, and attractive civil service in Lithuania
