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Molecular Genetic Examination
Get PDFIn the modern world, new technologies which influence
and help to find possible new ways to investigate crimes are developing at
the speed of light. However, many problems exist with the practical application
of these systems. Molecular genetic examination – an independent
branch of forensic technology that helps to know with almost complete
precision who is directly related to a crime and who is not – is one of
the most popular methods of this nature for investigators. As a result of
this technique, specialists weed out a circle of irrelevant people for any
given situation. Today, there are many options for conducting such an
examination, but they are still not entirely perfect. This research involved
interviews with DNA lab specialists in Ukraine, who explained some of
the main problems with this method and how they might be addressed
in future. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify problematic
elements of this method and to enlist scientists in eliminating them.
These problems will be discussed in several ways to explain them more
understandably. This article will also consider classical genetic approaches
in this area and highlight the prospects for their further development
Poligrafo naudojimas kriminalistinėje praktikoje
No full textThis article discusses the possibilities of using physical
detection in modern forensic practice and what problems are
encountered when using the polygraph. It also analyzes the
place of this method in criminal practice, whether the result
of the application of this method can be evidence in criminal
proceedings, and if so, what conditions must be met. Argued
thoughts are also presented on what changes are necessary
so that the physiodetection method is more widely applied
in practice. Given the scope of this issue, it is not possible to provide a detailed analysis of the question of the use of
the polygraph in practice, therefore, attention is focused only
on some problematic aspects. The purpose of this article is to
stimulate the reader to think and start a discussion, and the
insights born from it can be successfully applied in legislative
work
Legal Issues of Personal Data Transfer in Cyberspace between the European Union and the United States of America
No full textThis study is intended to analyze the problems of personal data transfer in cyber
space, in the interaction of the European Union and the American legal systems - the
conditions of possible legal grounds for the transfer of personal data from the European
Union to the United States of America, taking into account the protection of national security
interests and the practice formed by the Court of Justice of the European Union in
this aspect. In carrying out this research, in the interpretations of the Court of Justice of
the European Union in the Schrems II case, the author identified a key problematic aspect of the right to privacy and protection of personal data related to the implementation of the
third country’s national security interest. According to the interpretations of the Court of
Justice of the European Union, third country’s interest in having access to personal data
obtained from the entities of the European Union, in defense of its national security, is
evaluated according to much stricter criteria than those of the European Union member
states themselves and, in the author’s opinion, is essentially negated. Therefore, the study
analyzes the concept of national security and, taking into account, first of all, the rulings
of the Court of Justice of the European Union in cases Schrems and Schrems II and the
principle of proportionality, as the main legal test for assessing the legality of restrictions
on a person’s right to privacy and protection of personal data, tries to determine, whether
the transfer of personal data between the European Union and the United States can be
considered legal or not. Finally, the study entails proposals for possible changes to legal
regulation in the United States of America to ensure the legality of personal data transfer
between the European Union and the United States of America
Leadership and Motivation in the Greek Pharmaceutical Industry
Get PDFCC BY-NC-ND 4.0In today’s rapidly changing environment, leadership style and employee motivation
are considered as crucial factors for organizations to operate effectively and achieve their missions
and objectives. The pharmaceutical industry makes a major contribution worldwide, and in Greece
particularly, not only to public health and welfare but also to the economy and employment. The
annual turnover of pharmaceutical production in Greece was estimated over one billion euros for
the years 2018–2019 (Tsakanikas et al., 2020), and more than 23,300 employees were employed
in the sector in 2020, demonstrating a significant increase (9.8%) compared to the previous year
(SFEE-IOBE, 2020). In this study, leadership and motivation in the Greek pharmaceutical industry
is studied via an empirical analysis. The primary data, collected via questionnaires answered by
pharmaceutical industry employees located in Greece, aimed at identifying the impact that leaders,
communication, and motives have on employees’ performance in the context of the altered and volatile environment the COVID-19 pandemic – which unavoidably changed people’s attitude, needs,
and ways of communication – has shaped. A general framework was indeed identified (democratic
and transformational leadership); however, characteristics of other distinct leadership styles were
also observed. Managers’ opinions about themselves regarding their contribution to employees’ effectiveness were positive but did not achieve the highest grade. Subordinates were positive in this regard,
albeit with more tending to agree than strongly agree. Similar findings were extracted regarding motivation. Communication was affected by the new environment that the COVID-19 pandemic has
shaped. Face-to-face communication was considered more effective than distance communication;
however, employees had positive feelings when they worked remotely and felt more flexible. Finally,
according to the above, the overall outcome was positive, yet still indicates that there is room for
improvement or for adaptation to the new situation