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The Forgotten Politician and Lawyer of the First Republic of Lithuania Pranas Viktoras Raulinaitis and His Secret 1952 Manuscript About the Lithuanian National Sovereignty (Excerpt)
Full text linkCC BY 4.0We present an excerpt (Part 3. The reborn Lithuania. 15. Sovereignty of a nation within the state con-stitution) from the manuscript Lietuvių tautos suverenumas; istoriniai-teisinė raida kovų už teisę ir laisvę (‘Lith-uanian National Sovereignty: Historical and Legal Development of the Struggle for Rights and Freedom’) prepared in 1952 by the member of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Seimas of the First Republic of Lithuania the PhD doctor in law Pranas Viktoras Raulinaitis (1895–1969). The excerpt has an accompanying text briefly describ-ing the history of the manuscript’s discovery and the author’s biography as well as outlining the potential value of the excerpt. We hope that the publication of this excerpt will trigger interest in the entire work preserved at Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., USA and accelerate the process of its publication not only in the Lithuanian but also in the English language
Issues in Building the LiLa Knowledge Base of Interoperable Linguistic Resources for Latin
Full text linkPurpose: This abstract presents the architecture and the current state of the LiLa
Knowledge Base (https://lila-erc.eu), i.e., a collection of multifarious linguistic resources for Latin described with the same vocabulary of knowledge description, by using
common data categories and ontologies developed by the Linguistic Linked Open Data
(LLOD) community according to the principles of the Linked Data paradigm
Governmentally Imposed Barriers to the Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations: The Case of Russia
No full textCC BY 4.0Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are an important part of a democratic civil society.
However, despite the positive role of NGOs, activities of NGOs and their interference into the state’s
issues are often understood by state authorities as a threat and therefore legal barriers to the activities
of NGOs are determined. In this article restrictions imposed on NGOs and their application in the
Russian Federation are analyzed. In recent years, NGOs operating in Russia, especially those working
in the political sphere and/or financed by foreign sources, have seen increased control. The research
revealed that major groups of legal restrictions aimed at NGOs working in Russia are as follows:
restrictions of freedom of association, freedom of speech and assemble, and financial restrictions.
Adopted in 2012 and 2015 respectively, the “Foreign Agent” and “Undesirable organizations” laws
are the most considerable challenges for the functioning of NGOs in Russia. This research was
conducted based on document analysis and semi-structured interviews with Russian NGOs
COVID-19 pandemijos poveikis ikiteisminio tyrimo atlikimo teisiniam reglamentavimui ir praktinio atlikimo iššūkiai
Full text linkBuilding up brand meaning for consumers through social, individual, mental, and spiritual dimensions
Full text linkCC BY-NC 4.0Purpose – to reveal peculiarities of brand meaning creation for consumers through social,
individual, mental, and spiritual dimensions
Social media in higher education: students’ acceptance of social media use
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Yang et al. (2010) concluded that different users of information technologies in higher
education have different approaches to information technology. Teachers expect to maintain control
over the teaching/learning process as in the traditional teaching/learning environment, while
students appreciate the use of tools such as interviews, advertisements, etc., aimed at socialization
and communication. In the context of education, the issue of acceptance of social media as a new
technology in the teaching/learning environment is relevant as a precondition for the improvement
of the teaching/learning process. The literature on information systems states that the adoption of
new information systems is a prerequisite for the intentionality of use and the use of information
systems themselves. Researchers actively investigate the acceptance and use of various information
technologies in multiple educational contexts (Liu et al., 2019; Li, 2020). The aim of this study is to
investigate the factors that determine students’ acceptance of social media – in other words, social
media adoption and use. The object of the research is students’ acceptance of social media in higher
education studies and its use in the process of teaching/learning. The objectives of the research consist
of the selection of a theoretical model of social media based on literature studies and analysis, the
empirical verification of this model, and the study of the factors determining students’ social media
acceptance. The research questions are the following: What is the level of students’ social media
acceptance? How do students accept social media in the teaching/learning environment? Is there
a correlation between behavioural intentionality and use? How do students’ demographic factors
affect social media acceptance
Annotation Scheme and Evaluation: The Case of OFFENSIVE Language
Full text linkPurpose: Offensive discourse refers to the presence of explicit or implicit verbal
attacks towards individuals or groups and has been extensively analyzed in linguistics
(e.g., Culpeper, 2005; Haugh & Sinkeviciute, 2019) and in NLP (e.g., OffensEval (Zampieri et al., 2020), HASOC (Mandl et al., 2019)), under the names of hate speech, abusive
language, offensive language, etc. The paper focuses on the presentation and discussion
of aspects of the linguistic annotation of OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE, including creation,
annotation practice, curation, and evaluation of an OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE annotation taxonomy scheme first proposed in Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk et al. (2021) and
Žitnik et al. (in press). An extended offensive language ontology in terms of 17 categories, structured in terms of 4 hierarchical levels, has been shown to represent the
encoding of the defined offensive language schema, trained in terms of non-contextual word embeddings – i.e., Word2Vec and Fast Text – and eventually juxtaposed to the
data acquired by using pairwise training and testing analysis for existing categories in
the HateBERT model
The Problem of Applying the Principle of the Priority of European Union Law in Poland: An Analysis of the Case of Judicial Reform
No full textThe principle of the rule of law is considered to be one of
the fundamental principles enshrined in European Union (EU) law. Judicial
reform in Poland has posed a major challenge to the values of EU law
and the rule of law. Assessing the reforms that have taken place in Poland,
it can be said that they have not contributed to strengthening the EU’s
values. In fact, there is a big problem here, not only with the legislation,
but also with the Polish authorities. The values and principles defended
by the EU, enshrined in international treaties, are common to all EU
Member States and must be applied in the national law of the Member
States. As can be seen, Poland does not fully recognize the principle of the
primacy of EU law, as it does not agree with the rules for the application
of EU law, thus seeking greater protection of its national interests. Poland
is accused of violating fundamental principles of EU law and of raising
national law above EU law. This article analyzes the rulings of the Court
of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and reveals the position of the
Constitutional Tribunal on this issue
Sustainable Development and the Digital Transformation of Educational Systems
Full text linkCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Aim: Our research concentrates on the sustainable development and digital
transformation of educational systems. This topic has gained the special attention of researchers and
policymakers in recent years due to the wide spread of information and communication technologies
(ICT) and the digital surge that can be observed all around the world. This digital surge, which can
also be called a digital revolution, was further deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted
in the massive closure of schools and universities and the deployment of online and home learning.
Methods: We use data obtained from researchers and lecturers at universities and higher
education institutions in the Czech Republic and Russia between September 2020 and March 2021
to perform ordinal regression analysis. This allows us to test the relationships between effectiveness
as a key factor of creativity on one side and motivation to look for new ways of teaching and research
during and after the COVID-19 pandemic on the other.
Results: Overall, it appears that there are still many obstacles to the digital transformation of
educational systems that might be embedded in the structure and the scope of today’s educational
institutions. We demonstrate that, at present, universities and higher educational institutions are undergoing radical change driven by the need to digitize education and training processes in record
time, and that many academics lack the innate technical skills for online education. Nevertheless,
it appears that young and motivated academics and researchers are keen on embracing new
technologies and support the digital transformation of educational systems.
Conclusions: Our results might be useful for decision-makers and stakeholders in universities
and higher education institutions for designing their strategies for the digitalization of educational
systems
Professor dr. Algimantas Urmonas: Analyst of Social Life and Developer of Lithuanian Administrative Law
No full textThis scientific study reveals the work of Professor Dr. Algimantas
Urmonas, his way of life, and his role and contribution to the reform and
development of the system of internal affairs and administrative law of the
Republic of Lithuania. The painful experiences of early childhood did not break
Urmonas’ will to seek justice – he devoted much spiritual and intellectual effort
to this endeavor. An active and talented young man who acquired the specialty
of a lawyer at Vilnius University, A. Urmonas was invited to work at the Forensic
Science Research Institute, where he became a criminologist and prepared
and defended a dissertation as a candidate of law (now a doctor)