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Penalties for the Road Traffic Offenses - The Goal is to Punish or to Educate?
Get PDFCC BYPurpose – Lithuanian legislations regulating road traffic procedures indicates, that main purpose of legal
regulations is to improve traffic safety requirements on roads in order to protect the life, health and property of
road users and other persons, to improve transport and pedestrian traffic conditions (Law of the Republic of
Lithuania on Road Safety, 2000). Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of
Lithuania legislation in the field of road safety management, as well as to ascertain the problems for seeking the
goal indicated in legal regulations.
Design/methodology/approach – the research paper is based on qualitative-comparative document
analysis method for comparing statistical data, case law decisions, publications and legislation in the field of road
traffic offences. The analysis, evaluation and interpretation of case law decisions, as well as claims related to the
cases of administrative offences for the violation of road traffic regulations in Lithuania, are taken into account by
summarizing research conclusions.
Finding – the legal legislation and its implementation for the road traffic offenses in Lithuania (hereafter –
RTO) are goal orientation mechanism. The formally indicated aim of these regulations are noticed to be the
purpose of educating people and fulfilling the pursuit of the legislation in reaching the aim to ensure the
protection life, health and property of road users and other persons. Thus, investigation and the results of this
research pointed out dysfunctional areas of implementation of such regulations as well as reasonable doubt for its
purpose, seemingly indicating the pursuit to seek different goal to punish, to show the high number of results of
offences, which have been investigated or to gain profit in the process of implementing the requirements of traffic
rules, by applying fines, thus education and teaching society is not implemented productively.
Research limitations/implications – to indicate the gaps in the legislations of the requirements of traffic
rules, to understand what should be improved to seek the goal of narrowing down such offences, thus, it is
inevitable to investigate and point out the indicators, which specifies the different purpose and its
implementations for penalties imposed for the violation of road traffic regulation in Lithuania.
Practical implications – the comparative analysis provides a background on further discussions
concerning legal ways to apply road traffic regulations by seeking its true purpose.
Originality/Value – there are no recent scientific research carried out in which the legal requirements of
offences for the violation of road traffic regulations in Lithuania were analysed. There are limited access of
academic insights analysing the issues of the goal of implementing the indicated penalties for such offences and
reasonable solutions to reduce the growing numbers of such violations in Lithuania
Stylistic Means of Verbalizing Images of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Get PDFPurpose: The paper aims at considering the ways of verbalizing the stylistic devices used to describe the images of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the selected Ukrainian
and British mass media
Model of Mediating Factors of Transfer Habitus in the COVID-19 Era
Get PDFPublic transport was a scenario for anti-COVID-19 policies once it was established as a source of contagion.
The strategies of distancing and use of anti-COVID-19 devices were implemented in public transport as a preventive
measure. Users developed a habitus of transfer or negotiation around preventive strategies. Ethos, aesthesis, hexis,
eidos were modes of negotiation of mobility spaces in public transport. Ethos refers to the ability to generate mobility
principles adjusted to distancing, but to the benefit of one of the parties involved who is less favored with the strategy,
as is the case of the vendors. Aesthesis means the appreciation of public transport as a means of concerted satisfaction
with users who appropriate the mobility space. Hexis suggests limited expressiveness, but on the border of distancing,
as is the case with the way of sneezing. Eidos or reasons for transfer established by the guidelines of the transport
system, such as prioritizing those who use transport to go to work. The transfer habitus explains the appropriate use
of transport, although in the case of eidos or motives, the discussion focuses on whether it is the social, environmental
or personal dimensions that affect the appropriate use of transport. Therefore, the aim of the study was to model the
relationships between commuting habitus in order to anticipate the appropriate use of transportation. A crosssectional,
mediational and psychometric study was carried out with a sample of 100 student users of public transport
during the pandemic. It was found that personal motives, a component of the habitus eidos, is a determining factor in
the proper use of transportation. In turn, the vision of the future, a component of the habitus ethos, is a determinant of
social motivations and the proper use of transportation. Therefore, it is recommended to guide public policy towards
the ethical and motivational habitus of transfer
Inovatyvioji kriminalistikos esmė ir perspektyvios jos plėtros kryptys
Get PDFThe article discusses the debatable problems of the innovative essence of
criminalistics, analyzes its current trends and promising directions of development.
It is determined that one of the priority tasks of forensic science is
the creation and implementation of innovative forensic products into law enforcement
practice. To solve this and other problems, modern criminalistics
integrates and synthesizes the latest achievements of science and technology,
which determine and determine the innovative directions of the development
of criminalistics. It is noted that the current stage of development of criminalistics,
its prospects are naturally associated with active research and application
of innovative approaches, tools and technologies in all its components – the
general theory of criminalistics, criminalistics techniques, tactics and methods.
It is substantiated that the scientific works of Professor Dr. Vidmantas Egidijus
Kurapka played a significant role in the formation of the provisions of criminalistics
innovation. In this regard, the scientific research of the scientist and
the practitioner, devoted to the problems of criminalistics policy, criminalistics
strategy, criminalistics didactics and innovative directions of the development
of criminalistics science in modern conditions, is of particular importance. The
paper analyzes innovative approaches in criminalistics science and the proposals
of an outstanding scientist-criminologist on the formation of a modern
concept of forensic science and promising directions of its development.
It is substantiated that the determining factors for further research into the
problems of innovations in criminalistics science in the framework of the formation
of a private criminalistics theory, first of all, are questions regarding
the definition of the subject, object and method of this theory. It is argued that
at present, scientific prerequisites have been created for its development and
formation, which is a promising innovative direction of modern criminalistics
research. Considering the importance of the provisions of this theory for the
prospects for the further development of criminalistics science, it is proposed to consider criminalistics innovation in the structure of the general theory of
criminalistics science. Therefore, the scientific legacy of Professor Dr. Vidmantas
Egidijus Kurapka creates a scientific foundation for further prospects for the
study of criminalistics innovation and criminalistics science in general
Impact of Cosmobiological Factors on Chromosomal Anomalies Rates - Ethical Consideration
Get PDFCC BY 4.0Backround: In recent years, there is an increasing number of data supporting the relation between
lunar cycle and alterations in human body. For instance, it has been proved that hospitalized
spontaneous abortions are significantly associated with the lunar cycle . Given that the most
common cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo, we
presumed that the lunar cycle could influence the occurrence of chromosomal diseases. From the
point of bioethics it is a question if it is applicable to talk with patients about possible impact of
cosmobiological factors on their case of chromosomal anomaly.
Patients and Methods: We have selected 52 patients, who were bearing a fetus with a prenatally
diagnosed chromosomal disorder, which included Down, Turner, Klinefelter, Patau and Edward
syndromes. The control group (n=92) consisted of families, that were prenatally tested for
chromosomal abnormalities and the results were negative. Then we gathered and analyzed
information from patients' medical histories about various factors, which could have predisposed
chromosomal disorders: age of both progenitors, consumption of medications during pregnancy,
number of miscarriages, number of abortions, cases of genetic disorders in relatives, lunar phase
on the day of conception.
Results: Lunar phases at the time of conception in the test group distributed as following: new
Moon 32.7 percent, first quarter 25.0 percent, full Moon 28.8 percent, third quarter 13.5 percent. In the control group lunar phases distributed as following: new Moon 29.3 percent, first quarter 27.2
percent, full Moon 26.1 percent, third quarter 17.4 percent. There was observed no statistically
significant difference between test and control groups (p>0.05). OR for conception with
chromosomal anomalies were increased in July (2.7(CI 95% 1.5-4.9) and December (3.2 (CI 95%
1.5-5.2) (p<0.05). OR showed decreased risk for chromosomal anomalies during conception at
January (0.3 (CI 95% 0.1-0.7) , April (0.5 (CI 95% 0.2-0.7) and June 0.5 (CI 95% 0.2-0.8) (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed there were no associations between lunar phase at the time of
conception with the rates of chromosomal mutations. Conception in July and December increases
the risk of chromosomal anomalies during conception. In contrast conception in January, April and
June decreases chromosomal anomalies rates
Usability and Security Testing of Online Links: A Framework for Click-Through Rate Prediction Using Deep Learning
Get PDFCC BY 4.0The user, usage, and usability (3U’s) are three principal constituents for cyber security.
The effective analysis of the 3U data using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques allows to deduce
valuable observations, which allow domain experts to design practical strategies to alleviate cyberattacks and ensure decision support. Many internet applications, such as internet advertising and
recommendation systems, rely on click-through rate (CTR) prediction to anticipate the possibility
that a user would click on an ad or product, which is key for understanding human online behaviour.
However, online systems are prone to click on fraud attacks. We propose a Human-Centric Cyber
Security (HCCS) model that additionally includes AI techniques targeted at the key elements of user,
usage, and usability. As a case study, we analyse a CTR prediction task, using deep learning methods
(factorization machines) to predict online fraud through clickbait. The results of experiments on a
real-world benchmark Avazu dataset show that the proposed approach outpaces (AUC is 0.8062)
other CTR forecasting approaches, demonstrating the viability of the proposed framework
Peculiarities of Handling Applications and Complaints in the Context of the Latest Legal Regulation
No full textThe new version of the Law on Public Administration entered
into force on 1 November 2020. Many amendments have been made to the
new version of the law, and new provisions have been added to it, including
the procedure for handling complaints and applications. This article analyzes
the provisions of the Law on Public Administration and its accompanying acts,
which regulate the procedure for examining applications and complaints in
public administration entities. In the article, the author reveals the concepts of
complaint and administrative procedure, and presents the features of the latter.
This research also highlights the peculiarities of submitting complaints and applications,
revealing the problematic aspects of the handling of complaints and
applications in public administration entities. Much attention is paid to the
analysis of the legal regulation of responses to applications and complaints and
appeals against administrative decisions. In this article, the author not only
identifies the problematic aspects of the complaint and application procedure,
but also suggests constructive ways to improve legal regulation
Institucinio pasitikėjimo problema Ukrainoje ir Europoje: lyginamoji analizė
No full textCC BY-NC-ND 4.0This article examines the results of research into the problem of institutional trust,
namely: the nature and characteristics of citizens’ trust in state institutions, represented by different
branches of government; and the general trends of trust in these institutions in Ukraine and in Europe
over the past two decades. The results presented will help to clarify and at the same time raise issues
related to a better understanding of the nature of public trust, as well as the factors that determine the
level of trust in state and political institutions not only in Ukraine but also in other European countries. It should be noted that trust in public institutions is considered by the authors as a basic factor
in achieving the goals of socio-economic and political reforms by the state
Transformation of the World Labor Market in the Context of Globalization
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to analyse trends in the global labor market and identify transformational
manifestations in the global labor market in the context of globalization. Methods that were used in the study: of
comparative analysis; analysis and synthesis method; method of system generalization; methods of statistical
analysis and structural analysis.
It is emphasized that the transformation of the world labor market is one of the important forms of
globalization, as the international labor market is a world economy’s subsystem and directly affects the dynamics
of economic growth and macroeconomic balance. The preconditions for the transformation of the world labor
market in connection with demographic and migration processes have been studied. Significant territorial
differences in the population’s reproduction in the regional context, historical and current factors in the
development of international migration were studied. The dynamics of employment and unemployment in countries
with different levels of economic development, structural and vocational transformations in the world labor market
are analyzed. It is concluded that the formation of migration models is due to the manifestations and forms of
economic growth. The probability of complicating the structure of economic migration due to the increase in the
share of highly skilled workers in the overall structure of labor migration flows has been established.
Basic employment trends are formed under the influence of structural transformations in the world
economy and development of innovation processes. This changes the role of employee in the economic outcome,
causing demand for highly skilled workers in the interdisciplinary field.
Was made the conclusion that labor migration creates the preconditions for rational use of human
resources in the world labor market and prevent deepening inter-Ukrainian labor disparities. This was based on
the fact that the functioning of the world labor market is dominant in global socio-economic changes through the
international migration’s intensification